Volume LXX II I. pp. 325-334 Oclobcr-Dcccmber 1999

NOTES ON THE FA YODIA S. L. () - I. TYPE STUDIES OF EUROPEAN MYXOMPHALIA

Vladimir Antonio

Moravian Museum, Department of Botany Zclny trh 6, CZ-659 37 Bmo, Czech Republic e·mail: [email protected]

Abstract The type studies of all European taxa of the genus Myxomphalia (Tricholo­ mataceae) is given. On the basis of these studies and Stltdies of the additional material, Myxomphafia maura, M. invito and M. marthae are considered identical; M. agloea (known from the type locality onl y) represents a separate species. The new combination Myxomphalia agloea (Sing. & Passauer) Antonio is proposed.

Key words: Myxomphalia, Fayodia, M. maura. M. maura f. alba. M. invila, M. agloea, M. marthae. type revision, Europe

The small genus Myxomphalia Hora (Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 43 : 453. 1960) is characterized by omphalioid ot clitocyboid carpophores with umbilicate, striate, hygro· phanous, smooth pileus, adnato·decurrent lamellae, more or less concolorous stipe with pi leus, thick·walled in light microscope, amyloid spores, presence of cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia. always gelatinized pileipcllis and stipitipellis, neither amyloid nor dcxtrinoid hyphae, and present clamp·connections. It is very close to Fayodio KUhner s. str. and Gamundia Raitelh. Fayodia differs in having round spores with wall of two layers (non·amyloid epispore and amyloid pcrisporc), 2·spored basidia, absence of pleu· rocystidia and non-gelatinized hyphae, Gamundia has ellipsoid, thin-walled, non-amy· laid, minutely ornamented spores. For the first time, the taxon Myxomphalia was proposed by KUhner ( 1938) as a part of Spuriae of the genus Mycena with the only M: maura. However, th is name has been published invalidly, without a Latin di agnosis. Bigelow ( 1959) raised it to the gc· ncric level for the first time. However, his combination was based on an invalid KUhner's publication, and, therefore, it is also invalid (An. 33.2). The generic name Myxomphalia was validly publ ished by Hora (1960) for 1he fi rs1 time. Si nger (1986) considered it a subgenus of Fayodia. Also Knudsen (1992) kept a broad concept of the genus Fayodia. On the contrary, Kuyper ( 1995) considers Myxomphalia, Fayodia, and Gamundia separate genera. Wehoh (1988) published a de1ailed srudy of European laXa . He revised type specimens of Myxomphalia in vita. M. marthae, and M. agloea and compared them with recent nordic co llections of M. maura . He considered all four described taxa conspecific (see notes below). Bon (1997) distinguishes four taxa in the genus Myxomphalia at )26 various taxonomic levels - M.· maura, M. marrhae and M. agloea (as independent spe­ cies), and M. invito (as a variety of M. maura). However, he did not revise the type specimens.

ln thi s paper, I summarized my results of the revisions of all taxa described in the genus Myxomphalia or moved to it by the new combination. Microscopical features are described from material mounted in Melzer's reagent, Congo-red, and KOH . For the basidiospores the following factors arc used: X (average of spore size), E (quotient of length and width in all spores); Q (mean of E-values).

AGLOEA Fayodia agloea Si nger & Passauer, Sydowia 32 : 299 . 1979.

Type: Austria, Upper Austria (OberOsterreich), Aurach am Hangar near VOklabruck, cave No. 2, 460 malt., 2. V. 1976 1eg. 0 . Moog (W, holotype of Fayodia agloea).

Selected leones: Singer & Passaucr, Sydowia., 32: 301 . 1979. Selected literature: Bon, Doc. mycol. MCm. hors sCr. 4: 164. 1997: Singer & Passauer, Sydowia, 32: 301. 1979; Weholt, Agarica 9(17): 71-101. 1988.

Description: Pileus up to 12 mm broad, convex with involute margin when young, umbonate at centre, translucently slriate when wet, smooth or indistinctly striate at mar­ gin during drying where very small innate fibrills are present, but glabrous, non-viscid, hygrophanous, grey-brown, diny grey-brown, slightly dry (when fresh) whitish grey. dry ash-grey to dirty grey-brown (,brown sugar'', Maerz & Paul), drying from centre where remains whitish. Lamellae decurrent, white. Siipc 40 x 1.5-2 mm, cylindrical, pruinose at apex., diny brown. Smell pleasant, taste mild. (Singer & Passauer 1979: a translation from German)

Type r evision: Spores 5.0-6.0(-7.0) x 3.5-5.3 ~X= 5.7 x 4.4 ~ . E = 1.1 -1.6, Q = 1.3, broadly ellipsoid, slightly. thick-walled, ::1: smooth or indistinctly vcrruculose in a light microscope, amyloid, hyaline in KOH. Basidia 4-spored. Basidiolcs 15-23(:·25) x 4.0-7.0 j.Ull , clavate, cylindrical to subutrifonn. Hyphae of cylindrical to ellipsoid cells, which are thin-walled, smooth to minutely incrusted, non-dextrinoid, hya line to sub­ hyaline in KOH, up to 10.0(-15) J.lffi wide. Cheilocystidia numerous, 22-48 x 9.0- 15 J.lm, fusoid to subfusoid, often rostrate or with an apical pimple, rarely clavate , ± thin­ walled, hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia similar. Pilcipellis an (ixo)cutis, made up of radia ll y arranged, parallel to slightly interwoven, cylindrical, ::z: thin-walled, sli ghtly gelatinized to non-gelatinized, up 2-5 J.1ID wide hyphae, with appressed to suberect, simple to coralloid lateral projections or terminal cells. Subpilcipellis hyphae of cylindrical to ellipsoid cells, which are thin-walled smooth , rarely minutely incrusted , up to 20 J.l11l wide cells. Stipitipellis an (ixo)cutis, of ± parallel , thin- to sli ghtly thick­ walled, slighdy gelatinized or non-gelatinized, 2-5 J.lm wide hyphae. Caulocystidia (apex) cylindrical, clavate, fusoid, often rostrate, ± thin-walled. Clamp-connections pre· sent.

Notes: According to the type revision, M. agloea is characterized in having only slightly gelatini zed or non-gelatinized pilei- and stipitipellis and mostly fu soid to sub· 327 fusoid, often rostrate cystidia. In addition, spores are slightly smaller than in previous species (we have to measure more spores). Other mac ro~ and microfeatures fit in va­ riability of common M. maura (see below). Moreover, this species (only one carpo­ phore!) has been found only once in a quite for fungi untypical habitat (in a distant part of a cave with a measured light 0.35 Lux). Weholt ( 1988) compared all taxa described in Myxomphalia, and considered M. agloea to be identical with M. maura. My srud ies of the type specimen showed that some microfeatmes, especially cystidia, gelatinization and a spore wall surface in a SEM photomicrograph (see notes below), are different from M. maura. Therefore, I consider it a separate species representing an intermediate link between Myxomphalia and Fayodia s. 1.. Myxomphalia agloea (Singer & Passauer) Anton in comb. nov. Basionym: Fayodia agloea Singer & Passauer, Sydowia 32: 299. 1979.

INVITA Agaricus invitus P . Ka r s t . , Bidr. Ka n'n . Finl. Na t. Folk 25 : 89 . 187 6 ; Omphalia i nvita (P . Ka rst.) P. Ka r s t., Ryssl. , Finl. Skand . Ha l fO ns Ha ttsvamp . : 127 . 18 7 9; Omphal i a maura va r. in vita ( P . Ka r st .) Cejp, At l a s hub e vrop. 4: 83 . 1936; Fayodia i n vi ta ( P. Ka rst . ) Singer , Ann. mycol . 4 1 : 62 . 1943; My xomphalia in.vi ta (P. Kars t. ) M. Moser, RO hrlinge­ Blatt e rpil ze , Ed. 4: 186 . 1978; My xomphalia maura v a r . i nvita ( P. Kars t.) Bo n ad int . , Do c . mycol. Mem. h ors ser . 4 : 1 63 . 1997 .

Type: Fin land, Tavastia australis, Tammela, Mustiala, sine data, leg. P. A. Karsten (H, herb. Karsten I 59 1, holotype of Agaricus invitus). leones: none Selected literature: Bon, Doc. mycol. MCm. bors ser. 4: 163. 1997; Weholt, Agarica 9(17): 71 -101. 1988.

Description: Pileus submembranaceus, convex, umbilicate, glabrous, striate, fu ligineous or blue-grey(lividus)-fuligineous when wet, blue-grey or pale grey when dry. Stipe stuffed, thin, cylindrical, straight, glabrous, white pruinose at apex, concolorous. Lamellae adnatc, with decument teeth, rather close, very broad, fl at, white. Single or subcespitose, without smell. Pileus 1.5 -3 em broad. Stipe 2.5 em long, c. 2 mm thick. Lamellae semicircular, to 5 mm broad. (Karsten 1876; a translation from Latin)

Type revision: Spores 5.5-7.0 x 4.0-5.0 ~m , X = 6.3 x 4.3 ~m , E = 1.2-1.6, Q = 1.5, broadly ell ipsoid to ellipsoid, slightly thick-wall ed, amyloid, ± smooth in a light microscope. Basidia 17-23 x 6.0-7.5 JJm, 4-spored, clavate, sometimes subutrifonn. Bas idioles 10-22 x 4.0-7.5 Jllll, cl avate,± broadly clavate or subutriform. Cheilocystidia 30-65(-8 1) x 9.0- 16 ~m. clavate, subcylindrical, utriform, sublageniform, subfusoid, obtuse,± thin-waJ led, hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia similar. Hyphae of cylindrical to ellipsoid, ± thin-walled, smooth, sometimes indistinctl y incrusted, slightly gelatinized in subhymenium, pale yellowish-greyish in KOH, up to 25 JJlll wide cells. Pi leipellis an ixocutis, made up of radi ally arranged, parallel to slightly interwoven, cylindrical, gela- 328

tinized, lhin- to slightly thick-walled, up to 6 ~ wide hyphae with lateral projections to cylindrical, digitate, obtuse, sometimes irregular to (sub)coralloid tenninal cells. Sub­ pileipellis hyphae smooth to indistinctly incrusted, pale yellowish-greyish in KOH. Sti­ pitipell is an ixocutis, of ± para11el, cylindri cal,± slightly thick- to th in-walled, up to 6 J.l.m wide hyphae with scattered lateral projections o'r terminal cells (cau locystidia). Clamp-connections present.

Additional specimens revised : FINLAND: Tavastia australis, Tammela, Mustiala, 19. Oct 1878 leg. P. A. Karsten (H, herb. Karsten 1594, as Col/ybio invito).. - dino. 21. Nov. 1878. leg. P. A. Karsten (H, herb. Karsten 1605, as Ompholia invlta). - ditto, Nov. 1878 leg. P. A. Karsten (H, herb. Karsten 2033b, sepa­ rated from Col/ybia incomis). - dino, Oct. 1882 leg. P. A. Karsten. in: ThtJmen, Mycotheca universal is. No. 2 101 . (PRM 25330, as Ompholia invito).

No les: Agaricus invitus P. Karst. (== Myxomphalia invira) was described from Finland. The revision of the type specimen and additional material co llected by P. A. Karsten showed that it is completely identical with M. mauro. In thi s case I agree with Weholt ( 1988) who considered both species identi cal.

MART RAE Fayodia marthae Singer & Clemenc;:on , Schweiz. Z . Pilzk . 49: 122. 1971 ; Myxomphalia marthae (Singer & Clemenc;:on) M. Moser, R6hrlinge-BHltterpilze, Ed. 4: 1 86. 1978.

Type: Italy, Valle d'Aosta (S~voy), Val Ferret, Frebouzie, 8. June 1971 leg. R. Singer (F C5383, holotype of Fayodia marlhae).

leones: none Selected literature: Bon, Doc. mycol. Mem. hors ser. 4: 164. 1997; Singer & Clcmen,on (1971); Weholt, Agarica 9(17): 71- 101. 1988.

Description: Pileus fuligineous, almost black, hygrophanous, with paler radial striation,± lubricous, smooth, hemispherical-convex., with a deep abrupt umbilicus, 12· 13 mm high, 20-34 mm broad. Lamellae pale grey or dirty grey, close, very broad (9 mm), adnate to with decument teeth. Stipe dark umber:dirt y brown, longitudinally paler striate, cylindrical or subcylindrical, stuffed, 18-20 x 2.5-4.5 mm, mycelium at base white. Context concolorous in pileus, stipe and lamellar trama, only in stipe medulla paler. Wilhout smell. (Si nger & C l ~me n~o n 197 1; a translation from German)

Type revision: Spores 5.5-7.0 x (4.0-)4.5-6.0 ~.X= 6.5 x 4.9 ~m . E = 1.1 -1.6, Q = 1.4, ell ipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, slightly thi ck-walled, smooth in a light microscope, amyloid, hyaline in KOH. Basidia 15-23 x 6.5-8.0 ~ . 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles I 0- 18 x 4.0-8.0 ~ . c l avate, broadly clavate, (sub)cylindrical. Cheilocystidia (21-)31-68 x (5.0-)8.0-15 p.m. clavate, subcylindrical, rarely lageniform, often irregular to almost lobate, ± thin-walled, hyaline in KO H and H20. Pleurocystidia similur. Hyphae cylindrical to ellipsoid, th in-walled, smooth, in mediostratum minutely incrusted, sub­ hyaline to pale yellow in KOH, greyish-yellowish in H20, up to 20 Jim wide. Pileipellis an ixocutis, made up of ± interwoven, gelatinized, thin- to slightly thick-walled. 329 cylindrical, hyaline to pale brownish in KOH and H:zO, up to 7 ~m wide hyphae, some­ times with lateral projections: tenninal cells and lateral projections appressed to erect, mostly irregular to coralloid. Subpileipellis hyphae distinctly incrusted by dark grey­ brown pigment in KOH and H20 . Stipitipellis an ixocutis, of ::1:: radially arranged, cylindrical, slightly thick-walled, gelatinized, pale yellowish to yellow-greyish in KOH, subhyaline in H:zO, up to 6 ~wide hyphae. Caulocyslidi a appressed to (sub)crect, 25- 50 x 4.5-6.0(-10.0) JUll , cylindrical to narrowly clavate, often irregular to submonili­ fonn, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Clamp-connections present.

Notes: Singer & CICmen~on (1971) described Fayodia marrhae (= Myxomphalio marthae) as a new species, which should differ from M. maura and M. invito in having rather shor1 stipc, very dark pil eus and broad lamellae. However, these macroscopic features fit rather well in the variability of M. moura. In the type specimen revision I have found the only microscopical difference from M. maura/invita group • distinctly incrusted subpileipellis hyphae. However, this represents too small difference to distinguish it as a separate taxon. Therefore, 1 consider it identical with M. maura.

MAURA Agaricus maurus Fr . , Syst . mycol . 1 : 168 . 1821 ; Omphalia maura (fr.) Gi l let, Hyme nomyc e tes : 290 . 1874 ; maura (Fr . ) Quel. , En c hir. Fu ng.: 4-2. 1886 ; Mycena maura (Fr .) KOhner, Genre Mycena : 535 . 1938 (non Mycena maur a Ma ire 1928 = M. floccipes, s ee KUhner 19381 ; Fayodia maura (Fr . ) Singer, Ann. my col . 34: 3 31 . 1936; Myxomphalia maura (Fr.) H. E . Bige l ow, Cana d. J . Bo t. 37 : 777 . 1959 (an invalid combina t i o n, Art 33 ); Myx omphalia maura (Fr . ) Ho ra, Trans . Br . mycdl. Soc . 43 : 453 . 1960 .

Type: Upland, Upsala, Stadsskogen, near KAbo, 5. X. 1957 leg. H. Belin, in: Lundell & Nannfeldt, Fungi exsiccati suecici, No. 2528. (PRM 515933, as Omphalia maura, neo· type, selected here).

Selected icones: Bolets de Catalunya 9: pl. 429. 1990; Bon, Champ . Eur. occ.: 130. 1987; Breitenbach & K.rinzlin, Pilze Schweiz 3: pl. 374. 199 1; Cetto, Funghi Vero 4: pl. 1482. 1983; Diihnckc, 1200 Pi lze: 384. 385. 1993; Koorad & Maublanc lc. sel. Fung. 3: pl. 234. 1932; J. Lange, Fl. Agar. dan. 2: pl. 59!. 1936; Michael, Hennig & Kreisel, Handbueh Pilzfr. 3, ed. 2: 128. 1977; Phillips, Mushr. other fungi : 69. 1981 ; Ryman & Holm4sen, Svampar: 367. 1984. Seletted literature: Bi gelow, Bcih. Nova Hedw. 51: 70. 1975; Bon, Doc. mycol. 23(91): 35-36. 1993; Bon, Doc. mycol. Mem. hors ser. 4: 163. 1997; Kuyper, Fl. agar. Neerland. 3: 156- 157. 1995; KUhner, Mycena: 535-537. 1938; J. Lange, Dansk Bot. Arkiv 6(5): 8. 1930; Malen~op & Bertault, Fl. Champ. sup. Maroc 2: 213-2 14. 1975; Weholt, Agarica 9(17): 71-10 1. 1988.

Description; Pi leus I 040 mm convex, distinctly umbilicate at centre, with involute margin, uneven when old, hygrophanous, at least up to 'JJ3 translucently striate, smooth , glabrous, apparently fibri ll ose when moist, grey, grey.brown to black·brown when moist, sometimes slightly paler at centre, palescent to pale grey·brown on drying. 330

Lamellae distinclly decurrent, moderatel y close. L = 20·29, I = 3, sometimes slight ly undulate, broad, whitish to pale gfeyish, with concolorous, slightly pubescent edge. Stipe 18-45 x 1.5-3.0(-4.0) mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened above, slightly broadened to narrowly clavate at base (up to 5 mm), slightly flocculose at apex, slightl y longitudinally striate, wa tery brown, dark brown to grey-brown (± concolorous with pileus colour or sl ightly darkCr), paler at apex . Context whitish. Smell farinaceous­ spermati c. Taste mi ld . [macrodescription based on fresh collecl'ions ( Dri ctoma-Li e~n a . 20. VI. 1998, Antonio 98. 10 and Bmo, 19. X. 1998, Ba~a))

Neotype revision: Spores (5.5-)6.0-7.0 x (4.0-)4.2-5.0 ~m , X- 6.2 x 4.5 ~m . E - 1.2- 1.6, Q - 1.4, broadl y ellipsoid to ellipsoid, slightly thick-walled, smooth in a light microscope, amylo id, hyaline in KOH . Basidia 20-22 x 6.0-8.0 .,am , 4-spo red, clavate. Basidioles 14- 22 x 4.0-7.5)lm, cylindrical to clavate . Chcilocystidia 31-90 x 12-21 ~m , clavate, fusoid, utrifonn, sometimes slightly irregul ar, thin- to slightly thick-walled, pale yellowish-greyish in KOH. Pleurocystidia si milar. Hyphae cylindrical, gelati nized, thin-walled, indistinctly incrusted to smooth in medioStratum, non -dextrinoid, 2-20 )J.m wide. Pileipcllis an ixocutis, made up of radially arranged, ± thin-wa ll ed, gelatinized, smooth, non-dextrinoid, (sub)hyal ine in KOH , 2-7 )lm wide hyphae; sometimes sub­ diveniculate or with digitate to subfiliform , irregu lar to coralloid. thin-walled lateral projections. Subpileipellis hyphae minutely incrusted, distinctly yellowish(-greyish) in KOH, up to 20 J.U1l wide. Stipjtipellis an ixocutis, of * parallel , thin- to slightly thick­ walled, gelatinized, non-dextrinoid, pale ye llowish-greyish in KOH, 2-8 ~ wide hyphae; medulla hyphae smooth to minutely incrusted. Caulocystidia scauercd, in form of cylindrica l, digitate, obtuse, irregular latera l projections. Clamp-connections present.

Additional spedmens revised: CZEC H REPUBLIC: Spindlenlv Mljn, 8. 1X. 1946 leg. J. Kubieka (PRM 520864). - Pusti et near Jitina, 5. X. 1972 1eg. E. DlouhY{ PRM 725189).- Hanov near Konstantinovy Uzn~ . 12 . IX. 1972 leg. A. r;1a1 (PRM 718503). - Praha-Smlchov, 29. X. 1964 leg. E. Wichansky (PRM 605521). - Praha-Kre, X. 1933 leg. V. Sak (PRM 25331 ).- Prah a , ,Hv~zda ", t9. X. 1945lcg. J. Herink (PRM 710170).- d;no, 3 I. X. 1934 leg. J. Herink (PRM 25335). - Praha, .,Kinsktho sady", 26. IX. 1964 leg. E. Wichansky (PRM 603946).- Piaha-Veleslavln, 29. XI. 1942 leg. J. A. Her;nk (PRM 710174).- Ri ~n y, 28. IX. 194 1 leg. M. V. Svr~k (PRM 7t0 t77). - di tto, 29. X I. 1942 leg. S. Havlena (PRM 7 10 176). - dine, X I. 1936 leg. A. Pi llit (PRM 34514) . . Jevany. 9. XI. 1947 leg. V. Vacek (PRM 515053). - J;my, 10. XII. 1934 leg. V. Sak (PRM 25336). ­ Myl lfn , X. 1939 leg. J. Velenovsk)' {PRM 154558). - ditto, XI. 1938 leg. J. Ve lenovskY {PRM 154521). - Pnlhonice near Praha, Arboretum, 15. V. 1950 leg. M. Svotek (PRM 717252). ­ Modfany, .,Libu!ino UdolF , 13. X . I968 1cg. 0 . Dvohik (PRM 671826).- Trutnov, 8. IX. 1954 leg. F. Kotlaba (PRM 710 18 1). - Skalka u Mnl!ku, 7. V. 1944 leg. I. Charval (PRM 7t0167). ­ Celenice na SAz., Poflfko, 14. V. 1944 leg. J. Kubieka (PRM 710068). - Ttebo~. Majda lcna, .,Sv. Barbara", I. IX. 1963 leg. J. Kubifka (PRM 61 4882).- Sumava-Mts., Stoiec, 28. VI I. 1954 leg. K. Kfit (BRNM 313544). - Rade!ovice, X. 1933 leg. V. Sak (PRM 2533 2). - Novohradske hory-MlS. , Leopoldov, "Vyhlidka .. , 29. X. 1965 leg. M. Svrtek and J. Kub ieka (PRM 610375). - Lipuvka, .,Dubovi hora", 5. !X. 1963 leg. F. Smarda (BRNM 313561). ­ Jihlava, . Ceflnek", II. IX. 1966 leg. F. Smardo (BRN M 301694). - Lhotka near U 'ir n. Saz., 30. X. 1948 leg. F. Smarda (BRNM 313545). - Nove M~sto na Mor., , Pia~kovee ", 5. IX. 1963 leg. F. Smarda (BRNM 313560). - Bmo, 19. X. 1998 leg. A. BarSa (BRNM).- Bmo-leb

Figs. 1-4. Myxomphalia - cystidia and spores. I. M. agloea (holotype, as Fayodia a.), 2. M. invita (holotype, as Agaricus i.), 3. M. marthae (bolotype, as Fayodia m.), 4. M. maura (neotype, as Ompha/ia m.). Sca le bar= 20 ~ - 332

near NedvMice, 28. X. 1944 leg. F. ~tnarda (BRNM J 13547).- M. Budfkov, ,,V Op:i lenici'', 27. X. 1968 leg. A. Cabern (BRNM 31377S). POLAND: Karkonosze Mts., Wilcza Porcba near Karpacz (Wolfshau bei KrOmmhUbel ). 13. VIII. 1922 leg. H. Sydow, in: Sydow, Mycotheca genmtnica no. 1805 (PRM 7 10 165 and 71 0180). FINLAND: Oulun Pohjanmaa, Kiiminki. JIIJ!li, 28. 1X. 1989leg. E. Ohcnoja (0 1201SO). GERMANY : Brandenburg. Prenden (Kreis Niedcr-Bamim), 4. X. 19161eg. P. Sydow, in : Sy­ dow. M ycothoca gcnnanica no. 1804 (PRM 710164 and 7 101 79).- GOrlitz. X. 1933 leg. A. Pilat (PRM 2S3JJ). NORWAY: Akershus. Baerum, 15. IX. 1955 leg. F.-E. &:kblad (0 1201 38). - diuo, Lysakerelva. 20. IX. 19S6 leg. F:-E. Eekblod (0 120126). - ditto, 19SS leg. F.- E. Eckblod (0 120 124) . . Akcrshus, Ski, 21. X. 1848leg. 7 (0 120 147).- ditto, IS. IX. 1946 leg. G. Soot (0 120 139). - Akershus, Nannestad, 13 . IX . 1974 leg. G. Gulden 91n4 (0 120137).- ditto, Tomte. 20. IX . 1977 leg. G. Gu lden 203m (0 12012S). - Akershus. Eidsvoll, Dol, 9. X. 1984 leg. B. 0 . Olsen (0 1201 17).- ditto, S. XI. 1986 leg. B. 0 . Olsen (0 120116).- ditto, 6. XI. 1986 leg. B. 0. Olsen (0 1201 40). - Aekershus, Nes, Ames, 23. IX. 1962 leg. G. Tansen (0 120133).­ Buskerud, Nes, sine dato, leg. L. Ryvarden 34594 (0 70726).- Buskerud, Ringerike, V. Ada!. Hogfjell , 14 . IX. 1974 leg. A.-E. Torkelsen 1066 and 107ln4 (0 120144 and 120143). - Oppland, Lillehammer, ROmsA rcn, 28. IX. 1975 leg. M. Jenssen (0 120 13 1).- Sor-Fron, J. VIII. 1978 leg. J. Stordal 192 19 (0 sine num .). - Gausdal, I I. VI. 1974 leg. L. Ryvarden 13002 (0 120 132).- Vest-Agde<, Farsund, 8. X. 1978 leg. A. Ped~rsen and K. Hoiland (0 120142).­ Vestfold, Tonsbcrg,. 13. X. 19811eg. A. Aronsen (0 1201 48). - ditto, 2. X. 1978 1eg. P. Marstad (0 120 146). - ditto. Scm, Eik, 9. X. 1978 leg. P. Marstad (0 12014S). - Vestfold, Notteroy. Veierland. IS. X. 1982leg. S. Aase (0 120149). - ditto, 9. X. 1977 leg. I. Egeland (0 120141). - Oslo, Tryvath and Nordmarka, 2. X. 1977 leg. K. Hoiland (0 120 128).- ditto, Brannfjell , 20. X. 196l lcg. E. Hveem (0 120 129).- ditto, BygdO, X. 1916lcg. J. Egeland (0 120134). - di tto. 0 stmarka, Skullerud, 30. X. 1966 leg. S. Sivertsen (0 120127). - ditto, 24. IX . 1974 leg. I. Egeland (0 120130). - 0stfold, Tunc, Sarpsborg. 6. X. 1974 leg. G. Gulden (0 120136).- 0st­ fold, Fredrikstad, 27. X. 1984 leg. 0 . Weholt (0 120 123). SLOVAKJA: Biele Karpary Mts., Drietoma- Li e~na , ,.Machnat". 20. VI. 1998 leg. V. Antonio 98.10 (BRNM). - Popmd, Kvetn iea, ,,Kriwva", 900 m, 31. V. 1946 leg. J. Kubifka (PRM S21306). - ditto, 22. V. 1946 lcg. J. Kubif ka (PRM S2 1308). SWEDEN: SmAiand, FemsjO parish, .,HnggArds tonner", 15. IX. 1940 leg. S. Lundell, in: Lundell & Nannfeldt , Fungi exsiccati suecic i, No. I l l 5. (PRM 710 168).- Uppland, Arentuna parish, Storvrela, E. outsk irts, 27. X. 1974 leg. N. Lundqvist 9601 , in: Lundell & Nannfcldt, Fungi cxsicc.'\t i suecici , No. 2907 . (PRM 821476).- Uppland. Uppsala, Stadsskogen, 6. XI. 1949 leg. J. Slordal 3244 (0 12013S).

Notes: Myxomphalia maura represents a rather common species characteri zed in having rather dark grey, brown-grey to bl ack-brown pileus, decu rrent lamel lae, slightly thick­ walled amyloid spores and distincll y gelat·inizcd pi lei- and stipi tipclli s; it often grows on firep laces. It is not distinguishable from M. marthae and M. in vita (see notes above). In this point I agree with Weholt (1998). Kiihner described (i n Vandendrics, Compt. Rend. Acad . Sci. 204: 1084. 1937; an invalid publication, without a Latin diagnosis, An. 36.1) f. alba having totally white carpophorcs. Unfortunate ly, his specimen was not traced in the KUhner's herbarium in Geneva (Clerc in litt.) . The white coloured carpophores we re also co llected by Malen­ c;on & Benault ( 1975) in Morocco. However, 1 have not received that materi al from the herbarium MPU for my studies. 333

Figs. 5-8. MyxomPholia - SEM photomicrographs of spores: S. M. agloeo {holotype), 6. M. invito (holotype), 7. M. marthae (holotypc), 8. M. moura. Scale bar • S ~ · (TESLA DS 300SEM)

Notes to spore waiJ surface of Myxompha/ia species

The spore wall surface is described as being either always smooth, e.g. by Bon (1997), Brei tenbach & Kriinzlin ( 1991), Kuyper (1995), or smooth to with scanered verruculae, e. g. Hora (1960), KUhner ( 1938), KOhner & Romagnesi (1953), Pegler & Young (1971). The spore wall of all revised Myxomphalia specimens was (almost) smooth in a light microscope. 334

Concerning the spore surfflee in the SEM photomicrogr.Jphs, Bigelow ( 1979) showed totally smooth spores in the Nonh American collections. In the European spe­ cies (figs. S-8 .). Myxomplralia invito, M. mllrlha ~ and M. ma 11ra have smooth spores. while M. agloea minutely verruculose ones. However, itS spores agreed with My.mm­ phalia in other aspects (amyloid. thick-walled). Thererore. J consider M. agloea a transient taxon between Myxomphalia and Fayodia/Gamundia group.

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to thank Lhc curators of the herbaria F, H. 0 , PRM. and W for a kind sending the type and other collections. Mr. Jili Lh01eckj (Bmo. Czech Republic) who kindly provided SEM photomicrographs, and Dr. Pavel Lizofl (Bratislava, Slovak Re­ public) for correcting my Engli sh manuscript. This study represents a partial resu lt of a larger taxonomic project enabled by a grant from the Grant Agency of the Czech Re· public no. 206198102 57.

REFERENCES

Bigelow H. E. (1959): Notes on fungi from northern Canada. IV . Tricholomataceae.- Canact J. Bot. 37:769-779. Bigelow H. E. (1979): Notes on F'ayodia ss. l:uo.- Mycotaxon 9( 1): 38-47. Bon M. (1993): Myxomphalia maum (Fr.: Fr.) Horn. - Doc . mycol. 23(91): 35-36. Bon M. (1997): Cli tocybes. omphales ct ressemblants.- A. myco l. Eur. 4. Doc. mycol. Mem. ho rs ~ r . 4 : 1· 181. Breitenbach J. & Krlinzlin F. (1991): Fungi of Switzerland. Vol. 3. Bolctes and Agarics. t• part. - Luzem. Fries E. M. (1981): Systema mycologicum. Vol. I.- Gry phiswaldiae. Hora F. B. ( 1960): New check·list of British Agarics and Boleti . Part. IV. Validations. new spc· cies and critical notes. - Tr. Brit. myco l. Soc. 43(2): 440-459. Knudsen H. ( 1992): Fayodia.- in: Hansen L. & Knudsen H. (cds.). Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 2. Polyporales, Boletal e.-.. A g~ ri c at es. Russulalcs. Copenhagen. p. 121 · 122. KUhner R. ( 1938): Le g~ n re Myccna (Fries). - Encyclo~die Mycologique 10: 1·7 10. Paris. KUhner R. & Romagnesi H. ( 1953): Aore analytique des cham pignons s u~ri e u rs .- Pari s. KuyperT. W. (1995). Myxomphalia Hom.- In : Bas C. & al. (eds.). Flora Agar. Ncerland., VoL 3.p.l56- 157. Lange J. E. (1930): Studies in the Agarics of Dcnmaric. Pan Vtll. Omphalia. Pleurotus, Clito. cybe. - Dansk B01 . Artdv 6(5): 1.64. M a l e n~o n G. & Bertault R. (1975): Aore des chapignons superieurs du Maroc. Vol. II . - Truv. tnst. Scient. CheriJ. Fa:c. Sci. Rabat. 33: 1·540. Pegler D. N. & Young T. W. K. (1971): Basidiospore morphology in the .- Beih. Nova Hedw. 35: 1·210. Singer R. (1943): Das System der Agnricale.-.. Ill. - Ann . Mycol . 41: 1·189. Si nger R. (1986): The Agaricales in mode m . Ed. 4. - Koen igstein. Singer R. & C l 6me~on H. ( 197 1): Neue Anen von Agaricalcs. - Schw. Zc:irschr. Pilzk . 49: 118-128. Singer R. & Passauer U. ( 1979): H6hlenbewohnende Agarieales. - Sydowia. 32: 299·304. Smith A. H. ( 1949): Mushrooms in their naturaJ habitats.- Portland . \Vehoh 0 . (1988): A study of Myxomphalia wi th rehuion to European species and co llects of Myxomphalia Hom found in Norwegian herbaria.- Ag3 rica 9{17): 71· 101 .