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OdonatologicalAbstracts 1971 began during the 18th century, and, like today, emphasized systematics. Among the 1971. Zur Form- (907) BUCHHOLTZ, C.. distinguished workers mentioned there is konstanz des der Larve Labiumschlages von also the well known odonatologist, Father Aeschna cyanea. In: A.W. Stokes & U. Longinos Navas, S.J. Haacker, Praktikum der Verhaltens- forschung, pp. 43-49. Fischer, Stuttgart. - (910) DRABK1N, B.S. [Ed.], 1971. Gidrobio- CInst: Tierphysiol., Philipps-Univ., Ketzer- logiya reki Urala. (Hydrobiology of the bach D-355 / 63, Marburg Lahn, GFR). Ural River). South-Ural Publ. House, Instructions for on laboratory experiments 104 2 tab. excl. - Orenburg. pp., (Russian). the labium strike of A. cyanea for uni- (Dept. Gen. Biol., Orenburg Med. Inst., 6 students in well known German versity a Sovietskaya Str., USSR-460014 Orenburg). edition of the animal laboratory course on On 81 larvae of 3 odon. p. spp. are men- behaviour. Illustrations (cinephotographs) tioned. and references the also on subject are pro- vided. also OA No. (Cf. 69). (911) DUSINK, A., 1971. Het Roode Veld. (The Roode Veld). Jaarb. NJN (Distrikt 13/4) (908) 1971. der räum- BUCHHOLTZ, C., Analyse 1971: 30-31. (Dutch). - (Grundelweg 12, lichen und zeitlichen Bewegungsmustervon Hengelo, NL). Calopteryx splendens. In: A.W. Stokes & U. A list of 14 collected in 1971 the spp., by Haacker, Praktikum der Verhaltungs- members of the Dutch Youth Federation of 70-75. - forschung, pp. Fischer, Stuttgart. Nature Friends (NJN) at the locality ”Het Ketzer- (Inst. Tierphysiol., Philipps-Univ., Roode Veld” near Oldenzaal, Netherlands. bach 63, D-355 Marburg / Lahn. GFR). Instructions for field observations and ex- (912) KUKALOVA-PECK, J„ 1971. The struc- on the behaviour and territori- periments ture of Dunbaria (Palaeodictyoptera). of C. for students ality splendens university Psyche 78 (4): 306-318. - (Dept. Geol., in well known German a edition of the Carleton Univ., Ottawa, CA). laboratory course on animal behaviour. The morphology of D. fasiipennis Till, of Illustrations and references on the subject the Paleozoic extinct paleopterous insect also are provided. order Palaeodictyoptera from the Lower Permian of Kansas is revised. For the 1st DE 1971. (909) VIEDMA, M.G., Spanish ento- time, thin multisegmented antennae, mology: past and Mich. Ent. 4 (4): present. sclerotized prothoracic paranota, and an ab- 97-104. — Coll. Univ. (Dept. Ent., For., domen composed of 11 visible segments Madrid, Madrid, ES). were observed. Genital structures previous- of The history pure entomology in Spain ly interpretedas anovipositor are described 101 male and curved as claspers posteriorly of regeneration in an animal and the striated parameres, in the approaching general physiologie state, which depends on those of Odon. The aspects some wings molting hormones. Regeneration also de- have additional structures supporting con- pends on an ’’organic gradient” character- centrated in the basal third. 9 mostly spec, istic of the animal. In addition there are available and made were a variability complex local effects to be considered. of venation for the analysis wing possible Particularly, regeneration is a function of 1st time. Fossil evidence supports the the severity of the injury, and sometimes of assumption of a single ancestral stock for the shape of the lesion. Experience with all paleopterousinsects. transverse sections shows that there exists in each appendage a certain number of suc- (913) NOORDAM, & WAMMES, 1971. A. D. cessive areas of regeneration at the Insekten. (Insects). In: M. Noordwijk, of the For van extremity organ. a given appen- [Ed.], Inventarisatie rapport landgoed dage the proximodistal morphogenetic Heemstede, p. 27. Dutch Youth Federation gradient has no constant value. For of Nature Friends, Utrecht. (Dutch). - (c/o example, there are zones without any pos- Mr. M. van Noordwijk, Taveemelaan 15, sibility of regeneration (mid femur) placed Bilthoven, NL). between regenerating territories of the leg A list is given of 6 odon. spp., collected by of B. craniifer; in the phasma S. sipylus, the the members of the Dutch Youth Feder- pedicle which has heteromorphous poten- ation of Nature Friends (NIN), in the terri- tialities precedes the 3rd segment which has tory of the Heemstede Castle, Netherlands. antenniform possibilities. (914) SLOT, P., 1971. Inventarisatieverslag van (916) YONEKUBO, T., K. IYATOMI, T. het Kalkterreintje over de jaren 1968, 1969 TAMURA, T. SAITO & M. YAMADA, 1970. the of en (Report on Inventarisation 1971. Electrophysiological observation on the in the 1969 Kalkterreintje years 1968, spectral sensitivities in the compound eyes and Dutch Youth Federation of 1970). of some insects. Botyu Kagaku Bull. Inst. Nature Utrecht. 12 — Friends, pp. (Dutch). Insect. Contr. 36 (2): 51-58. (Japanese, ( Verschurestraat 118, Hilversum, NL). with Engl. s.). — (Biol. Dept., Nagoya list is of 8 odon. collected A given spp., by Univ., Nagoya, JA). the members of the Dutch Youth Feder- An electroretinogram investigation was ation of Nature Friends (NJN) at the local- undertaken to observe the spectral sensitiv- ity ”Het Kalkterreintje” near Hilversum, ity of compound eyes in the following in- Noord Holland Prov , Netherlands. sects: d adults of Ceriagrion melanurum, 9 adults of Sympetrum darwinianum, rice (915) URVOY, J., 1971. Contribution à l’étude stem borer d moth (Chilo suppressalis de la régénération et de la greffe d’appen- Walker), and tobacco cutworm d moth dice chez quelques insectes (Blabera (Spodoptera littoralis Boisd). The ampli- Carausius from craniifer, morosus, Sipyloidea tude of electroretinogram recorded sipylus, Agrion virgo et Locusta migra- the compound eye stimulated by mono- toria). Année Biol. 10 (11-12): 591-621. - chromatic light of 12 visible wavelengths il.ah. Biol, anim., Fac. Set, Univ. Rennes, (404-726 mu) was determined. The electro- Place Pasteur, Rennes, France). retinogram after light stimulation consisted The regeneration and the appendiceal graft usually of an initial positive spike-like been studied in of and slow direct have representatives a potential a current compo- number of orders. They exhibit different nent. Spectral sensitivity maxima were regenerative capacities. Regeneration in an found at about 525-548 mu in all insects; insect is linked the but in S. darwinianum minor closely to molting cycle. a peak ap- the There is a parallel between possibility peared at about 610 This seemed to be 102 due to from with between the mass responses receptors comparison motor processes at different for the seizure of in various sensitivity peaks wavelengths. prey insects, the effect The Odon. were more sensitive than of temperature and nycthemeral tobacco cutworm and rice stem borer moth rhythm and variations in internal factors, to to and the participation wavelengths longer than 548 mg, but of chemoreceptors, shorter wavelengths the tobacco cutworm mechanoreceptors and proprioreceptors. moth was more sensitive, and the rice stem The borer moth was almost equally sensitive or (918) FRY, C.H., 1972. biology of African bee-eaters. Bird - slightly more so than Odon. The difference Living 11: 75-112. ( Zool. Univ. in spectral sensitivity between light and Dept., Aberdeen, Tillydrone Ave., in Aberdeen AB9 2TN, Scotl., dark-adapted eyes the tobacco cutworm UK). also In The bee-eaters moth was investigated. wavelengths (Meropidae) comprise a little-known of 24 shorter than 548 mg, the sensitivity of palaeotropical family sp. dark-adapted eyes was greater than that of The sparse literature is reviewed, and new in data are presented on behavior, breeding light-adapted eyes, while longer wave- and food. The 14 that inhabit length regions the sensitivity of light- biology spp. the of Africa feed insects adapted eyes was the same as or greater savannas on that in than of dark-adapted eyes. But a shift caught flight,mainly venomous Hymeno- all eat which of wavelength at which compound eyes ptera. They honeybees, 2 of their food numeri- maximum comprise to 96% produced responses was not and 30%. Diets remark- observed. cally, average are ably similar in the kinds of insects and the 1972 proportion of different kinds, except that the white-throated bee-eater (M. albicollis) often (917) CLOAREC, A., 1972. Revue générale des takes grounded prey, the European comportements alimentaires d’insectes pré- (M. apiaster) has a generalized flying-insect dateurs et de leur régulation. Année Biol. diet, the large green (M. superciliosus) 11 (5-6): 258-290. - (Lab. EthoL, Fac. specializes on dragonflies, and the carmine Sei., Univ. Rennes, Av. Général Leclerc, (M. nubicus) specializes on locusts. African B.P. 25 A, F-35031 Rennes Cedex). savanna bee-eaters diverge in size — a The feeding behaviour and its regulation in weight factor of 4 — and plumage,although The structure some insect predators are reviewed. their and habits are rather uni- preying mantis (Mantodea) hunts from an form. They differ somewhat in respect to ambush, being practically immobile aside habitat, preferred breeding season and from but the continual vibrations of the an- migration, on the whole exhibit tennae. When a desired prey comes in sight, remarkably few ecological differences. (Cf. also the mantis follows it with its eyes and turns OA No. 933). its head by small jerky movements. When the prey is at a distance about twice the (919) HEMELR1JK, L„ M. HU1JZER, M. VER- Ver- length of the unfolded grasping tegs, a com- DONK & M. van NOORDWIJK, 1972. plex series of movements begins, culmi- slag van het tweede jaar van het libellen- the distance the is onderzoek het Oppad bij Kortenhoef, nating (when to prey op 1971. the second of considerably greater) in the actual capture. zomer (Report on year the the The anatomical details of these movements dragonfly work at Oppad near Kor- are described in detail. There is a similar tenhoef, summer 1971). Dutch Youth description for the projection of the mask Federation of Nature Friends, Utrecht. 16 in larvae of Odon., motor projection for pp. (Dutch). - (Obtainable from the fourth author; Taveernelaan Nepa cinerea, the bite of Rhodnius pro- 15, Bilthoven, NL).
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  • PALAEODICTYOPTERA, MEGASECOPTERA and DIAPHANOPTERODEA (PALEOPTERA)* by JARMILA KUKALOVA-Peck Department of Geology, Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    PALAEODICTYOPTERA, MEGASECOPTERA and DIAPHANOPTERODEA (PALEOPTERA)* by JARMILA KUKALOVA-Peck Department of Geology, Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    PTERALIA OF THE PALEOZOIC INSECT ORDERS PALAEODICTYOPTERA, MEGASECOPTERA AND DIAPHANOPTERODEA (PALEOPTERA)* BY JARMILA KUKALOVA-PEcK Department of Geology, Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario, Canada For an understanding of insect evolution the structure of the wing base is of major significance. However, the fossil record o pteralia in extinct orders is extremely scanty. This paper is concerned with the wing bases of certain Paleozoic Paleoptera, namely, Palaeodictyop- tera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea rom the Upper Carboni- ferous (Namurian) of Czechoslovakia, the Upper Carboniferous (Stephanian) of France, and the Lower Permian of Czechoslovakia and Kansas. Independently of the Neoptera, the Diaphanopterodea acquired the ability to flex the wings backwards over the abdomen. In this respect, the order is of special interest, and an attempt is made here to compare the pteralia o the Diaphanopterodea with those of extant Ephemeroptera. Our present knowledge of the wing base in Paleozoic Paleoptera is restricted to the axillary plate o several palaeodictyopteran adults (Kukalova, 96o, 969-7o), and palaeodictyopteran nymphs (Woot- ton, 972; Sharov, 97I) [See figures , 2 and 4]. Recently, the wing base has been described in the Diaphanopterodea, Family E1- moidae (Kukalova-Peck, 974) (/]g. 8). In the present paper, the axillary plates in Martynoviidae and Asthenohymenidae o the Order Diaphanopterodea are included, and for the first time the axillary sclerites in Megasecoptera are described. The interpretation and terminology of the pteralia in extinct Pale- optera are necessarily dependent upon the detailed functional mor- phology of extant Ephemeroptera and Odonata. At the same time, the wing base structures found in extinct orders provide an evolu- tionary view and might be helpful in unraveling the enigmatic archi- *This research has been aided in part by a Publication Grant from Carleton University and in part by a National Science Foundation Grant, GB 39720, F.
  • The Occurrence and Diversity of Coal Measure Insects

    The Occurrence and Diversity of Coal Measure Insects

    Journal of the Geological Sociev, London, Vol. 144, 1987, pp. 5W-511, 3 figs. Printed in Northern Ireland The occurrence and diversity of Coal Measure insects E. A. JARZEMBOWSKI Booth Museum of Natural Hktory, Dyke Road, Brighton BN1 5AA, UK Abslrnd Insects are generally considered to be rare in the Upper Carboniferous Coal Measures. However, recent work in the Westphalian D of SW England suggests that many have been overlooked in the past. This is because wings, which are the most characteristic insect fossils, may be mistaken for detached ‘fern’ pinnules, which are much more common. The resemblance may be functional convergence rather than leaf-mimicry. The earliest members of the class Insecta in the strict sense occur in the Upper Carboniferous. Eleven major divisions or orders are represented in the Coal Measures of which only four are still living. Primitively wingless insects (Archaeognatha) are present, relatives of familiar living insects such as the silverfish. There are numerous winged insects, some ofwhich could fold their wings (Neoptera) and others which could not (Palaeoptera). Palaeopterous insects were more diverse than today. They include three extinct orders (Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera, Diaphanopterodea) which were probably plant suckers like present clay bugs. Other extinct palaeopterous insects (order Protodonata) were probably aerial predators like modem dragonflies, and included some of the largest insects of all time (‘giant dragonflies’). By far the most common neopterous insects were cockroaches (Blattodea) which outnumber all other insects in theUpper Carboniferous. This abundance is perhaps less surprising when one considers the general picture of the coal forests as warm, humid, and rich in organic matter.