Challenges and Solutions for RES Integration Within the Spanish Power System
Challenges and Solutions for RES integration within the Spanish Power System. Red Eléctrica’s role
Toledo, 18 June 2010 Juan Fran. Alonso Llorente
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Red Eléctrica de España (REE): Mission and principles.
¾ The existence of REE, world pioneer since 1985, as independent and exclusively dedicated to Transmission and System Operation, has proved fundamental for the fast and secure implementation of electricity market and integration of RES
Designs, builds and maintains the transmission network.
¾ Since 2007 as exclusive transmission company
Operates the system to guarantee the power supply.
¾ Since 2006 also in the extra-peninsular systems
SHARE CAPITAL (Closure 2009): Closure 2009 Transmission Grid vs. FREE- Main magnitudes (SPPS) REE FLOAT TOT 80% 400 kV [km ct] 17 977 99,8% Lines SEPI 20 % ≤ 220 kV [km ct] 16 777 98,4% ≤ 220 & 400 kV [nº bays] 3 385 96,8% Subst. SEPI: Spanish Stated Owned Holding Company Transformers 400/X kV [MVA] 66 259 98,8% REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 2
1 Contents
¾ Overview of the Spanish Power System
¾ Integration of Renewable Generation (RES) in Spain
¾ past and prospects
¾ sensitive aspects of RES for the power system
¾ In System Planning and Access
¾ Defining new technical requirements
¾ In System Operation: the generation control
¾ Final Remarks and Possible trends
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Yearly Demand supply and coverage 2009
251.509 GWh = 181.614 Net Ordinary Regime + 81.785 Net Special Regime - 3. 770 Hy dro-pump stddtorage demand - 8.120 International exchanges
Photovoltaic Minihydro 2.0% 2.0%
Rest of special Hydro‐power regime 8.9% Special Regime Generation Nuclear 12.4% Renewable: Non Renewable: Wind 19.1% 13.7% Minihydro Cogeneration Biomass Coal Coal 12.1% Wind Fuel - Gas oil Combined cyclles Industrial waste Refinery gas 29.0% Urban waste Natural gas Fuel‐Gas Solar 0.7%
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
2 RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Installed capacity May 2010
Technology MW % Biomass HdHydro RE CtiCogeneration Waste Treat. Hydro-power 16.657 17,85 0,69% 2,11% 6,46% 1,25% Nuclear 7.455 7,99 Solar Hydro Coal 10.856 11,63 3,80% 17,85% Nuclear Fuel-Gas 1.849 1,98 7,99% Wind Combined cycles 24.294 26,04 20,19% Total (ordinary regime) 61.111 65,49 Coal 11,63% Wind power generation 18.842 20,19 Combined Solar power 3.548 3,8 Cycle Biomass 647 0,69 26,04% Special regime hydro 1.965 2,11 Fuel‐Gas 1,98% Cogeneration 6.027 6,46 Waste treatment 1.170 1,25 Total (special regime) 32.199 34,51 3.268 MW Solar PV Total 93.310 280 MW Solar Thermal
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Integration of renewables: prospects and challenges Ambitious national objectives for RES (20% of final energy in 2020) require additional integration within the power system (>40% in the electric energy )
38.000 MW* 8.367 MW* 5.079 MW*
Particular features imply technical and management challenges for the power system and the generation:
• Grid development Location far from load and grid • Technical Requirements Vulnerability to incidents(voltage dips) • Control by TSO and more Primary energy: Lack of firmness and control dispatchable resources
… without forgetting other organisational aspects
REE is working to maximise Secure Integration of RES in Power System
* Draft of NAP to by submitted to EC in June10 REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
3 RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Challenges for integrating RES generation. REE’s actions RED ELÉCTRICA works for maximizing the secure integration of RES generation in its different functions as System Operator and Transmission company:
Energy Prospective: access and grid planning Development and
¾ Generation Adequacy Studies reinforcement of ¾Management of access and planning studies and transmission grid proposals. Capacity Studies ¾ Regulatory proposals (Grid Code) identifying technical and operational requisites
MtManagement inreal-time hihorizons
¾ Production forecast: Wind and recently solar ¾ Management of Ancillary Services ¾ Contribution to system dispatchability by the development of a specific control arquitecture for RES generation 7 REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Managing Access and Planning the Grid A good programming of new non-transmission facilities (e.g., generators) must take into account decision and commissioning processes in transmission grid:
Decision on transmission facilities
Grid Planning • REE carries out the planning studies and proposals Access to the grid • National Goverment, with the collaboration of • Regulated process to Regional Administrations, approve the grid assess the aceptability of development plan a new non-transmission • Every 4 years, new horizon (10 y) facility • Every year, review with same horizon • Continuous process Binding (unlike indicative planning for generation)
The actual development of the grid (authorization, construction and ; from 1 to more than 10 years) 8 REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
4 RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Grid development
WIND POWER: High presence in transmission (>60%, contrary to other systems with high penetration) and expected to increase
NºNodesRdT Today Future 220 & 400 kV 49 > 100
250 MW 150 MW 150 MW 250 MW 22 MW SOLAR POWER: 100 MW TS.- Majoritary in transmission (≈ 80%) 2.960 MW 4.293 MW 41 MW 49 MW FV.- Minoritary in transmission(≈ 5% of 400 MW existing; few new plans) 3.830 MW 435 MW 1.800 MW Grid Applications: 14.730 MW T: 11.583 MW 9 REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 D: 3.147 MW
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Main challenges: Grid Development RES generation does not avoid distribution grid but requires transmission expansion, where the majority of Wind Power (>60%) and Solar Thermal (>80%) is expected. RES is a relevant motivation in the current Plan: new lines and reinforcements for avoiding constrains operation facilities associated to physical connection New subttibstations and bays
ALUMINIO Some 100 buses in 220 kV CORNIDO BOIMENTE TABIELLA II TABIELLA II TABIELLA CARRIO A.ZINC LA G R A N D A CARRIO TRASONA ABOÑO
TAMON UNINSA TAMON VENTORRILLO P.G.RODRIGUEZ COSTA VERDE PIELAGOS GRELA-2 PUERTO ACERIASA SABON CACICEDO S.CL AUDIO SI ERO TORRVEGA CICERO OH Circuit [km] 12.270EIRIS GRADO LABARCES SABON ELPALO SILVOTA ASTILLER ARGIA S.MARCOS SANZO SNIACE SOLORZANO IRUN ZIERBENA GAT ICA LARACHA SALAS SOTORIBERA LADA VALLEGON SANTURCE PA SAJ ES SAMA PENAGOS ARKALE PSMIGUEL SOLORZANO ORTUE L LA MEIRAMA PEREDA NERVACERO ZAMUDIO BABCOCK NARCEA ELABRA SIDEGASA VALLE DEL NALON PENAGOS ABANTO ACEBIZK VIMIANZO ABANTO PES OZ ALONSOTEGUI AMOREBIETA MESON VENTO VILLALLANA BASAURI SIDENOR HERNANI GUEÑES LAJARA TJ A RA2 AZPEITIA LUGO TJARA1 ABADIANO DUMBRIA TELL EDO AGUAYO ZUMARRAGA AYALA N. DUMBRIA ICH ASO TUBOS ORMAIZTEGUI TAMBRE II VILLABLINO VIRTUS MONDRAGON ARISTRAIN SANCOMPO PDEMOURO TUBACEX MAZARICO REMOLINA TAMBRE NUEVA VILLAMANIN VELILLA ELGEA CAYETANO ANLLARES MATAPORQUERA VITORIA and 50 in 400 kV ONDINAS GAMARRA EZCABARTE BAIXAS MD CA RR IO GUARDO MA TAP OR QUERA MURUARTE PRAGNERES LAROBLA GAROÑA-BARCINA ALI FORJAS MURUARTE PEÑ ADRADA CILLAMAYOR ORCOYEN UG Cables [km] 386 MAZORRAS MERCBENZ MASGALAN VILLAGARCIA CHANTADA S.MARINA TIBO MASGALAN P.POZA JUNDIZ CORD OVILL A TABESCAN COMPOSTILLA PUENTELA BELESAR CTCOMPOSTILLA BRIVIESCA LAS LLANAS AMEIXEIRAS LALOMBA ELCERRO BIESCAS ERISTE MORALETS CAMBADOS MIRANDA VILLAMECA POZASAL ABERIN ESCALDES CANDO PONFERRADA MIRANDA LAFORTUNA TOMEZA MT ESLEON SESUE SALLENTE CORNATEL LAGUARDIA SANGUESA LLAVORSI PIÑOR MONT E A RE ENAS ALCOMOLA VILECHA HERRERA LORA HARO LOURIZAN ALBARE LL S.PEDRO QUERENO TAFALLA ESCALONA S.ESTEBAN VILLATORO SABIÑANIGO VELLE SOBRADELO LOGROÑO OLITE P.SUERT P.E.SIL SANTIAGO SEQUERO PA ZO SBO RBEN SUIDO CASTRELO LLOGAIA P.BIBEY ESTEPAR VILLIMAR LARDERO ARRUBAL ADRALL N. VIGO CARTELLE PRADA TRIVES MEDIANO S.AGUSTIN RAMIS MONTEDERRAMOS VILLALBILLA SENGRACIA QUEL LAPOBLA BALAIDOS ESQUEDAS CERCS RAMIS CONSO SENGRACIA ATIOS FRIEIRA VALLEJERA CASTEJON GRADO S. PALLARS MONTOUTO RIBADELAGO ELEREBRO Uprating lines [km] 8.308SOUTELO APARECIDA BECILLA ALCARAMA JUIA APARECIDA S. PALLARS OLVAN SANABRIA GRIJOTA VIC LASERNA A.GURREA BESCANO LUBIAN TUDELA GURREA ALMUDEVAR MONZON II BESCANO PALENCIA RIOGALLEG O MONZON II VALPARAISO LINDOSO TPALENCIA ONCALA POLA MONZON TARDIENTA CALDERS TR ENEDO TREVAGO LANZASAGUDAS CENTELLES RIUDARENES CINCA PUJALT CORCOS S.CELONI
SORIA MAGALLON VILLANUEVA MUDARRAI ENTRERRIOS PENAFÑAF LOR MUDARRA SENTMENAT FRANQUE SES ANOI A LAROCA MONCAYO BAYO L. L E O N ES RUBIO JALON ALBATARREC PALAU ATALAYA MANGRANERS MAFI N UERES G C. BARBA ZARATAN R.CALDE S S.FOST RENEDO PIEROLA RICOBAYO SABADSUR PLAZA S.COLOMA LOSVISOS JUNEDA ABRERA S.CUGAT GRAMANET RUEDA N.S.COLOMA GRAMANET LAOLMA MONTETORRERO CARDIEL RMARTORELL CODONYER CANY ET ELOLIVAR RUBI CAN JARDI CELSA CAN JARDI 2 OSERA BAROVI VER GUIXI ERES CASTRO ESPARTAL TRINIAT T VERNEDA CARTUJOS S.A.ARCA B CSBIBAL S S. ANDRE U N. BARRIS BADALONA AVEZARAG SUBIATS R MA R A GAL BSONUEVO DE SVERN LESSEPS DE SVERN SAGRE RA PEÑALBA SARRIÁ FACULTAT TANGCAT A VILLALCA CERVELLO S.FELIU EI XAMP L E SS [nº bays *] 3.476 MA R IA VIANOVA L ZAMORA LAGUNA TORSEGRE ESPLUGA LESCORT URGEL L SAYAGO VIENTOS VENDRELL S.JUST MA T A ELVENT ERRO COLLBLANC CANRI GAL T VALDONCELLES CORNELA L SANTS ESPLUGA HOSP IALE T T CERDA NUDOVIAR MOT OR S ALMAZAN BEGUES TORDESILLAS CABEZOSR S.BOI ZAL Z.RANCA F PENEDES VILADECANS TRSNTBOI
AENAESTE LAS ARROYADAS SECUITA PUIGPELAT VILADECANS SECUITA AENOESTE MEQUINENZA GARRAF GAVA BEMPOSTA MONTBLANC TERRER MAIALS LAGOAÇA PIÑUEL CASTELLET MEDINA OLMEDO ESCATRON RIBARROJ A FOIX SANTIZ FUENDETODOS ALFORJA LA SELVA MORELL VILLARINVILLARINO CCTELNOU PER AFOR T PO CINHO ALDEADAVILA REPSOL HIJAR ARAGON ASCO CONSTANTI CARIÑENA BELLI CENS TARRAGONA-G CANTALEJO TA RR AGONA TARRAPOWER MEDINACELI SAUCELLE MUNIESA ELS AUBALS VILLAMAYOR SEGOVIA MUDEJAR TERUEL HINOJOSA ELS AUBALS VANDELLOVANDELLOS
CALAMOCHA Transformers [MVA] 52.450 LASTRAS OTERO VCONEJOS OTERO DELTEBRE FUENTES ALCARRIA ESCUCHA CRODRIGO TRILLO CRODRIGO S.COSTERA MEZQUITA GALAPAGAR SALSADELLA GALAPAGAR VINAROZ T3CANTOS MORELLA CEREAL CEREAL MEZQUITA ALGETE SALSADELLA
ALCOBENDAS LAS MAAS T CAMA R MA SSREYES2 SSREYES ME C O FUENTE ITOH ARR.VEGA DAGANZO FTECI LLA FUENCARRAL BENICARLO PARACUELLOS 2 ALCALA I AENA PARACUELLOS 1 ANCHUELO MIRASIERRA SANCHI NARRO PARACUELO L S ANCHUELO S. ROQUE V.ARCIPRESTE CDEPORTI CVALMA NZ ELPILAR HORTALZA E VALDEBEBAS ARAVACA CAMPONAC LAS MERCEDES PSFERNANDO AZCA MAJADAHONDA SIMA NC A S ELCOTO ARDOZ CASACAMPO PROSP EI R CANILLEJ AS ARMUÑA DE TAJUÑA MBECERRA NORTE BRUNETE COSLADA PALAFOX LISTA LAESTRE VICALAR VVARO CDIMA GE N MELANCOL MAZARRED RETIRO LOSCERROS LOECHES2 BOADILLA COLIMPICA LOECHES VENT AS ME DIODIA CERPLTA A PRAHONAL ARGANZUELA VALLECAS POLIGONC PLATEA PRINCESA PRADOLONGO CONGOSTO RI VAS BERROCALES AGUACATE TRI GALES PQINGENI VILLAVIIO C SA VDCARROS LUCERO FORT UNA VILLAVEREST E MERCAMADRI D PINOFRANQUEADO PRADSANT VILLAVERDE VILLAVERDE RETAMAR TORRECI LLA BOLARQUE BEJAR ARGANDA TORRECILLA LEGANES GE T AFE
CARPETANIA G.GALAN C.FREGAC BUENAVISTA J.CABRERA FUENLABRADA ELHORNILLO Reactors [Mvar] 2.800 PINT O MORMORAL AEJ L A PARLA MOR A T A PARLAOE ST E PI NTOAYUDEN
TVELASCO2 VALDRIVA TVELASCO TVELASCO GUIJOG. VALMOJADO PERALES OROPE SA VALDEMOR O
ERVALDEM ILLESCAS BELINCHON MARINA LOS PRADILO L S PLASENCIA TORRIJOS SESENA COLOREJA HUELVES BENADRES AÑOVER LAPL ANA INGENIO ARAÑUELO TALAVERA ARANJUEZ SERRALLO CASTELLO N BECHI AÑOVER 2 VILLARREALSU R CASATEJADA EBORA ACECA BURRIANA TORREJON VVA ESCUDEROS RAMB LETA LA PUEBLANUEVA CAÑAVERAL SEGORBE EALMARAZ VA LLD U XO
JM.ORIOL MONCOFAR
CEDILLO VALDECAN AZUTAN VILLARES SAGUNTO ALMARAZ MORA STAPONSA
OLMEDILLAOLMEDILL SIDMED TSIDMED FALAGUEIRA MORVEDRE MORVEDRE Capacitors [Mvar] 1.100 PUZOL MINGLANILLA CARRASES GAUSA
ELIANA
F.MUESTRAS BENIF ERRI PQ . CABECERA NOUMOLES CACERES QUARTPOB VIVEROS MADRIDEJOS ALDAYA PQ .CENTRAL ALA MEDA PATR AIX ELG RAO TORRENTE F.S.LUIS TORRENTE ARENALES TRUJILLO LATO RRE REQUENA TURIS ALBAL ALCUESCAR ELEMPERADOR TURIS VALDECABALLEROS ALBURQUERQUE PTO . LA PICE CORTESII BENICULL COFRENTES CATADAU ELBROSQUIL LAMUELA CAMPOMAYOR TALCIRA ALCIRA VALLDIGNA SAGRAJAS STA. TERESA AYORA LAPALOMA VALDEPEÑAS P.TABERNES SAGRAJAS PICON R- C. REAL ROMICA SAN SERVAN VILANOVA GANDIA SAN SERVAN ALARCOS VAGUADAS MANZANARES MONTESA MONTIJO MER IDA MANZANARES GANDIA SUR VERGEL ALMADEN CAMPANARIO ALVARADO ALANGE BRAZATORTAS ARGAMASILLA PINILLA BENEJAMA BRAZATORTAS LA NAVA II SAX LA N AVA JIJONA MTEBELLO VENTAINES JIJONA P.LLANO CASTALLA PE TRE L ES TE VI LLAJO YOSA MAIMONA ELCOGAS CANTALAR PEÑARRUBIA PETREL UNIVERSIDAD CABO HUERTAS SIBALBOA ALTET ALICANTE BALBOA NOVELDA BIENVENIDA S.VICENT SALADAS RABASA ARROYOVALLE PALMERAL BROVALES N.SALADAS ELCHE2 TALQUEVA SANTAPOLA ROCAMORA ALQUEVA JAN DULA BAJO SEGURA ARNEVA ROJALES ANDUJAR ULEA GUADAME TORREMEN TORREVIEJA UB EDA TORREMEN SMSALINAS N. LANCHA MURCIA SMSALINAS S. AZAHARA MO NTEBAJO PALMAR BALSICAS PALMAR CAMPOAMOR CASILLAS ARENAL ARENAL S.P.PINATAR ALMODOVAR TOTANA ALCOLEA OLIVARES PUEBLA DE GUZMAN HOYAMORENA GUILLENA CARMONA CARMONA ASOMADA MA R MENO R NESCOMBRERAS FAUSITA SALTERAS ESCOMBRERAS CASAQUEMADA BAZA IL IPA SUPERNORTE EMPALME CABRA MAZUELOS VNUEVREY STAJUSTA CRUZCAMPO SANTIPON PUENTE GENIL STABARBARA ONUBA N.CENT ENAR ENCE ESPARTINAS CENTENAR RANILLAS VIRGENRO S.ELVIRA ALCORES CARRIL PITAMO SID ERAND URSO GUADAIRA QUINT OS ENSANCHE ALJARAFE GUADAIRA ENTRENUCL EOS CAPARACENA DOSHMNAS COSTALUZ N C.COLON PALOMARES CORBONES ILLORA
DRODRIGO PA LOS ATALAYA CORNISA PALACIOS TORARENILLAS ARCHIDONA ROCIO RODANDAL ATARFE FARGUE LA RIBINA RODANDAL HUENEJA GIBALBIN PA DUL GABIAS ANTEQUERA COSARIO TABERNAS LITORAL TABERNAS MO NTEALEGR E LITORAL TAJOENCANTADA ORGIVA SANLUCAR ANTEQUERA 2 BENAHADUX
L.MONTES BERJA CARTAMA NERJA PURMARIA CARTUJA CARTAMA CARTUJA LOSRAMOS ARCOSFRT MONDA CENTRO ATANASIO EUROPA TORREMOLINOS JORDANA POLIGONO JORDANA ALHAURIN CADIZ PTOREAL VENTILLA GAZULES COSTASOL BENAHAVIS TCASARES MANILVA N.CASARES CASARES PARRALEJO
PINARREY
S.ROQUE
BARRIOS MARISMAS ALGECIRA ACERINOX FACINAS GBRALTAR PTOCRUZ TARIFA
Particular significance: Spain-France interconnection
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
5 RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Development of the Spain-France Interconnection: A priority
Spain –and Portugal- form a peninsula, also electrically, with weak electrical interconnections with the European Union. The development of Spain-France Interconnection with a new 2 x 1000 MW DC unddderground line -Prioritary Project with “European Coordinator” -1st step for objective of 4.000 MW of commercial capacity -Necessary for building the IEM -Fundamental for RES integration in Spain (& Portugal)
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 11
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA The transmission grid development in Europe The Ten Tear Network Development Plan (TYNDP) is being elaborated by ENTSO-E
RES integration is a main motivation: representing > 25% of investment
Presented by ENTSO-E at Florence forum
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
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Access and Connection : Overview
Procedures for Access and Connection are managed by REE
Main Features Main Perspective Object - Scope Access System Operation System behaviour Connection Transmission Engineering and Physical Feasibility Procedures
Access Application y Connection to Transmission >>> SO (REE) 2m y Connection to Distribution (> 10 MW.) > DO> SO (REE) REE issues a report evaluating access feasibility, fulfilling system security criteria
Connection Application >>> Trans.Co. Agent submits engineering Project and Programme y Trans.Co. elaborates Report of Technical Conditions for Connection 1m y SO (REE) supervises and issues a report 1m
Agent < TECHNICAL ACCESS CONTRACT> Transmission Company 13 REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Planning and access studies for special generation The planning and access studies are carried out with different analysis perspectives and different time horizons, resulting in connection capacities which enable location optimization: TOPOLOGICAL SCOPE NATURE OF LIMITATION • Transmission node (and associated ¾ Load flow capacity distribution) ¾ Short-circuit power (Scc) ¾ Stability /ΣCapNode > CapReg : Nodal capacities are not mutually compatible and resulting grid development needs are not coherent • Electric zones (and associated distribution) ¾ Load flow capacity sharing constraint ¾ Short-circuit power (Scc) ¾ Stability . Regional and Zonal Capacities are the “reference” for Regional Administrations (competent fAAfSRG)dffor AA of SRG) and for access management • Power System ¾ Feasibility Balance P+jQ ¾ Stability This scenario validates up to the regional level and avoids persistent constraints within this scope However, lack of national coordination does not prevent potential constraints when regional plans are developed up to their limits REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 14
7 RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Prospects for SRG. Recent regulation
New national regulation oriented to gradual control of generation to be connected per year, securing economic and technical sustainability: Non PV: RDL6/2009 (7may09): Register and mechanism (9 requisites, incl A&C) ResMin 19Nov09 (CM Agreement13nov09): Identification of generation projects with annual contingent s: for Win d Plan ts (≈ 1. 700 MW) an d So lar-Therma l pltlants (≈ 500 MW) {in adition, ≈ 500 MW in Solar PV }
EOL_TOTr 22715 18719 EOL_TOTp 27511 18719 EOL_RdTr 14734 12115 EOL_RdTp 18719 12115 PES EOL_RdDr 7982 6604 CTA pte PES (RdT) EOL_RdDp 8792 6604 AutCon pte PES TS_TOTr 2421 331 AutAcc pte PES TS_TOTp 5157 331 Preasig pte PES RDL 6/2009 TS_RdTr 1669 250 TS_RdTp 4254 Acumulado PES ÷Aut. Acceso 250 Acumulado PES ÷Aut. Preasig. TS_RdDr 752 81 MW 903 TS_RdDp 81 0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 15
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Main Technical Requirements
Need to identify and regulate requirements, carried out in coordination with the Wind power industry
Technological vulnerability (voltage dips leading to disconnections).
Situations where Voltag sttftart of e (pu) disturbance generators must 1 0,95 pu 0,8 remain connected
0,6 2 ph isolatedfault Minimum Requirement 0,2 proposed for Solar PV Fault length Clearance of the fault 0 0,5 1 15 Time (sec) The “grid code” (PO 12.3) establishes the required Real Time Risk Assesment level for Low Voltage ThroughCappyability
Very good response from the wind generators (adaptation except <1,000 MW)
New requirements associated to the increasing need for contribution to stability: specially dynamic control of voltage
Other challenges: protection equipment and philosophy
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
8 RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
The contribution to power supply. Records in 2009 (i) Wind generation may have a very relevant contribution to the power demand supply
Some Maximum Records: 12.948 MW 24/02/10 11:21 h 11.074 MW 24/02/10 11-12 h 278.507 MWh 04/05/10 Maximum contribution to demand: 54% 08/11/09
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 17
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA The contribution to power supply . Records in 2009 (ii) … but the contribution to demand supply may also be very low
Some Minimum Records: 164 MW 03/06/10 11 h Minimum contribution to demand: <1% 03/06/10
In consequence, fluctuating nature of wind power is translated in a low contribution to power supply guarantee REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
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Needs for real time operation
Dispatchable Generation is required to:
supply the demand (D) System Operability depends on +Є ¾ compensate for nondispatchable gener. (NDisG) managing power resources: ‐ Forecast prevent contingencies ‐ Observability and Control , what implies sufficient and fast enough reserves ¾ existance of resources
Disp.Gen.Requirement= (D+ЄD) ‐ (NDisG+ЄNDG) +/‐ Contingencies
45000 Demand and Requirement (Winter Week) 3,2 Evolution of Requirement Ratio (= Daily RequirMax/RequirMin) 3,0 40000 2,8
35000 2,6 2,4
30000 2,2 MW Ratio 2,0 25000 1,8
1,6 20000 1,4
15000 1,2 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 59% 69% 79% 89% 99% Lunes Martes Miércoles Jueves Viernes Sábado Domingo 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Prevision 2011 (realizada en 2006) REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 19
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Generation Forecast
Despite production programs/forecasts from generators, REE must elaborate own preditions as a guarantee for security of operation, in particular for RES:
WIND: : REE has improved forecasting accuracy for wind by evolution of SIPREOLICO, although there seems to be limitations due to the difficuties of metheorological predictions
SOLAR: REE is using a very approximated estimation tool based in irradiation forecasts. Shortly, a specific tool using real time meteo data and real time generation measures
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
10 RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Control Need and Actions upon Special Generation
Special Generation has to be dispatched with priority over Ordinary Generation.
Consequently, whenever possible the SO must solve the technical constittraints bby iiissuing itinstructi ons to OdiOrdinary GtiGeneration:
Power Output Reduction
Disconnection of Plants
However, it may be necessary to issue Control Actions on Special Generation, by : a) Production Constraints (reduce or disconnect): yLocal zonal congestions (transmission or distribution) ySystem Stability (instruction depending on technical compliance of plants) yG-D balance in power and regulating reserve (specially off-peak and transitions) b) Q/V Management: Set-point from SO substitutes reference for cosϕ (established RD661)
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 21
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Generation Control requirements
Control of RES Generation Plants (GP) by TSO is necessary for maintaning system security and to maximize RES production by reducing preventive restrictions and delay upto real time. This involves in real time:
Observability for “all” plants: GP Ö REAL TIME INFO Ö TSO
(production, voltage, connectivity, …)
Operability for “all significant” plants: TSOÖ INSTRUCTIONS Ö GP production control (active power) provision of system services (reactive, regulation,) For security and efficiency, this interlocution between TSO and GP should not be individual (several hundreds of plants) but via Generation Dispatch Centers with control capability over a number of plants yHuman and technical resources (24 h) y Secure and redundant Connection Dispatching Centre <> REE CC (computer<>computer, telephone) y Connection Dispatching Centre <> Wind Farms-Generators
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
11 RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA REE’s Solution: CECRE
CECRE: Created by REE in 2006, is a control centre devoted to Special Regime Generation and especially to Wind Power:
Integrated in REE’s control structure
Communication with generation Control Centres (SRGCCs) for supervision and control instructions.
According to RD661/2007 all special regime plants >10 MW must be connected to a SRGCC.
CECRE issues generation instructions through the SCADA system to the Control Centres.
CECOEL / CECORE
CECRE Direct Link CECRE‐SRG where Setpoint Instruction is transmitted automatically to be converted by plant ink L
in effective action, was a scenario non used Iccp
CCCONV SRGCC1 … SRGCCn Link and telecommand Link and Link and telecommand telecommand SRGCC: Special Regime Generation Control Centre
CCCONV: Control Centre for conventional generation
686 WPP via 16 GCCs 25 SRCCGs 326 nonWPP via 21 GCCs (June 2010) REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 23
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA INTEGRATION IN CECRE OF OTHER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
In 2009 new information and functionalities have been incorporated
24 REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
12 RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Risks of Insufficient Control: Observability In Spain, an unexpected magnitude of Photo‐Voltaic generation (close to 4 GW) has been connected. However, the plant fragmentation (≤ 100 kW modules due to retribution conditions) has avoided real time tele‐measurements and the plants are “hidden behind ” the demand. Lack of observability involves inefficient reserve ppgrogramming and may become a serious risk for system operation Same forecast from generators 9D and 10D 9D08: Mild&Cloudy Expected
Unexpected 10D08: Clear&Cold
No real time observability Unavoidable errors when and unreliable programming Requirement programmes Needs REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Production mismatch (production vs. forecast )
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
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Integration of RES: Final Remarks and Possible Trends
The many advantages of renewable energy lead to maximize installation. In this context, REE works in the solution of the drawbacks of RES generation (technical, organisational, regulatory) in order to preserve the security and quality of supply in the power system.
¾ In particular, for Solar PV controllability and technical adequacy However, still a number of challenges remains: - Dispatchable Gen: very demanding regime and decreasing running time RES will be submitted to operating conditions including production constraints; specially related to off-peak situations and transitions In the solution, a significant leap forward is needed based on:
¾New flexible generation and enlarging energy storage possibilities
¾ More active participation of the demand side
¾ Incorporation to the electric sector energy consumption currently in other sectors: Electric Vehicles
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
www.ree.es
Juan Francisco Alonso Llorente
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 28
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