5 Where is the source of the Ribble? And What part of the river system does Explain the formation of the mouth? 6 Settle mark the beginning of? 10 Stainforth Force.

What middle course features Close to the source on Gayle Fell, the Ribble winds around the 11are found in 1 Where is the River Ribble River Ribble interlocking spurs of the Dales, through the area known as Bottoms? Why are they found located? . At the edge of the dale, sits Stainforth Force, the here? The River Ribble rises 246m above sea level in the Dales, Ribble’s only significant waterfall has formed because softer close to Viaduct and flows SW for 75 miles to the sandstone beneath the limestone has been eroded away. at Lytham. Human activity is evident along the entire course of the Ribble, including on the Settle-Carlisle Railway. What is the primary land This area is largely sheep farming, moving into the middle course the 2 use of land in the Ribble land is given over to cattle farming, becoming urban at Preston before watershed? ending between the arable farms of and the tourist resort of Ribblehead Viaduct Interlocking spurs on Gayle Fell Lytham, on coast.

The medieval market town of Settle, is the first along the Ribble, and marks the change in features from upper to middle course. Sinuous, looping

meanders can be found in Rathmell Bottoms to the SW of Settle, along with Stainforth Force What industries can be meander scars and ox-bow lakes created by meander migration across this 12 found here? Why are they Widening into the middle course at wide valley floor. The area is undeveloped, due to regular winter flooding, important? Sawley Abbey, the flood plains, and leading to the formation of extensive natural levees along the river. Rathmell meanders river meandering mean much of the Why do you think the At , the Ribble is large, powerful and historically strategically area is pastoral, with industrial 3 Romans chose Ribchester as important for the Romans, who established the fort of Bremetennacum efforts focused on a limestone quarry a site for a fort? here. The Ribble winds across the valley floor in a sinuous, sweeping at . , SW of pattern towards the M6. Here the Ribble sweeps around the edge of Clitheroe marks the Ribble’s major Brockholes Nature Reserve, where the visitor centre sits on floating confluences with the Hodder and pontoons to protect the buildings during flooding. Ribchester Calder respectively.

What efforts are being Sawley Bridge 4 made to protect the Ribble’s Where does tidal River Ribble Preston Docks Brockholes Nature Reserve 9begin? environment? Lytham BAE Warton Fishwick Bottoms mark the beginning of the Arable farming Ribble Estuary tidal Ribble. The river meanders along the The River Douglas, the last tributary of the Ribble, joins just southern edge of Preston to , before Hesketh Marsh, the site of a canal lock between the Tarleton Lock where the river been heavily managed. Levees Leeds-Liverpool canal and the Ribble estuary. This opens out along the channel, which shows evidence of into the Irish Sea, to the south of the coastal seaside resort of straightening to give access to Preston Docks. Lytham. Sedimentation in the area led to land reclamation, The wide flat flood plains of the lower Ribble especially on the southern banks of the Ribble, where the fertile were utilized as a WW2 aerodrome at Hesketh Marsh alluviums are turned over to arable farming. Warton, still in use today by BAE Systems.

Which man-made water feature joins the Ribble Why is the management of the lower Ribble important? 7estuary? Why does this link exist?. 8