DOCSLIB.ORG

Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, 2002. Report of a Rapid

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, 2002. Report of a Rapid Report of a Rapid Biodiversity Assessment at Dapingshan Headwater Forest Nature Reserve, East Guangxi, China, 24 to 27 September 1998 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Department Guangxi Institute of Botany South China Normal University Guangxi Normal University Xinyang Teachers’ College South China Institute of Botany November 2002 South China Forest Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 19 (Online Simplified Version) Report of a Rapid Biodiversity Assessment at Dapingshan Headwater Forest Nature Reserve, East Guangxi, China, 24 to 27 September 1998 Editors John R. Fellowes, Bosco P.L. Chan, Michael W.N. Lau, Billy C.H. Hau and Ng Sai-Chit Contributors Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden: Billy C.H. Hau (BH) Bosco P.L. Chan (BC) John R. Fellowes (JRF) Michael W.N. Lau (ML) Lee Kwok Shing (LKS) Graham T. Reels (GTR) Ng Sai-Chit (NSC) Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Department: Xu Zhihong (XZH) Tan Haiming (THM) Guangxi Institute of Botany: Li Guangzhou (LGZ) Tong Saichun (TSC) South China Normal University: Chen Xianglin (CXL) Li Zhenchang (LZC) Lu Pingke (LPK) Guangxi Normal University: Lu Liren (LLR) Xinyang Teachers’ College: Li Hongjing (LHJ) South China Institute of Botany: Chen Jisheng (CJS) Voluntary specialists: Keith D.P. Wilson (KW) Background The present report details the findings of a trip to East Guangxi by members of Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG) in Hong Kong and their colleagues, as part of KFBG's South China Biodiversity Conservation Programme. The overall aim of the programme is to minimise the loss of forest biodiversity in the region, and the emphasis in the first phase is on gathering up-to-date information on the distribution and status of fauna and flora. Citation Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, 2002. Report of a Rapid Biodiversity Assessment at Dapingshan Headwater Forest Nature Reserve, East Guangxi, China, 24 to 27 September 1998. South China Forest Biodiversity Survey Report Series (Online Simplified Version): No. 19. KFBG, Hong Kong SAR, ii + 15 pp. Copyright © Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Corporation Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong SAR November 2002 - i - Contents Objectives ………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Methods ………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Location and management …………………………………………………….………… 2 Vegetation……………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Results …………………………………………………………….…………………….. 2 Flora ………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Mammals …………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Birds ………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Reptiles and Amphibians ……………………………………………………………….. 6 Fish ………………………………………………………………………………………... 7 Ants ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 Dragonflies ………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Butterflies ………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Summary of flora and fauna ………………………………………………….………… 11 Threats and problems …………………………………………………………………… 11 Opportunities and recommendations …………………………………………………… 12 Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………….. 12 References ………………………………………………………………………………. 12 Figure 1. Map………………………………………….…………………………………. 15 Translation of some common Chinese geographical terms Romanized Chinese (pinyin) English meaning Bei north Dao island Dong east Feng shui the Chinese system of geomancy Feng, Ding peak Gang harbour Hai sea He, Chuan, Jiang river Hu, Chi lake Keng, Gu valley Kou outlet Ling range Nan south Shan mountain Shi city Tun hamlet Wan bay Xi west Xi, Yong stream Xian county Xiang, Cun village - ii - Report of a Rapid Biodiversity Assessment at Dapingshan Headwater Forest Nature Reserve, East Guangxi, China, 24 to 27 September 1998 Objectives The aims of the survey were to collect up-to-date information on the fauna and flora of Dapingshan Headwater Forest Nature Reserve, and to use this to help determine conservation priorities within South China. Methods Having conducted rapid biodiversity assessments in various sections of Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve (Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, 2002a), the survey team from Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (BC, JRF, BH, ML, LKS, GTR), Guangxi Forestry Department (XZH), Guangxi Institute of Botany (LGZ, TSC), South China Normal University (LZC, LPK), Guangxi Normal University (LLR), Xinyang Teachers' College (LHJ) and South China Institute of Botany (CJS) conducted rapid survey at Dapingshan Nature Reserve on 24 to 26 September. During fieldwork visual searching for plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, ants, butterflies and dragonflies was conducted. Frogs and birds were also located by their calls. Plant records were made by field observation, with some specimens collected. Status of large and medium-sized mammals (excluding Insectivora, Chiroptera and Muridae) at Dapingshan was inferred largely based on interviews with local people, with reference to colour pictures. For purposes of these interviews a list of South China mammals was compiled from various sources including Guangdong Forestry Department and South China Institute of Endangered Animals (1987), Corbet & Hill (1992) and Zhang Y. et al. (1997). Vascular plant records were made by LGZ, and edited by NSC. Records of birds were made or verified by LKS, reptiles and amphibians by ML or LZC, fish by BC & CXL, ants by JRF, butterflies by GTR and dragonflies by GTR and KW of Hong Kong. Nomenclature in the report is standardised based, unless otherwise stated, on the following references: – Flora (Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae excluding Orchidaceae): Anon. (1959-2001); Anon. (1991); Anon. (1996-2001); Anon. (2002a, 2002b); The Plant Names Project (2001); – Mammals (Mammalia): Wilson & Cole (2000); – Birds (Aves): Inskipp et al. (1996); – Reptiles and Amphibians (Reptilia and Amphibia): Zhao E.-M. & Adler (1993); Zhao E. et al. (2000); – Fish (Actinopterygii): Nelson (1994); Wu et al. (1999); – Ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae): named species according to Bolton (1995); unnamed species with reference numbers according to the collection currently held by KFBG. – Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata): Schorr et al. (2001a, 2001b); – Butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera): Bascombe (1995). Information on the global status of species is from IUCN publications, notably IUCN Species Survival Commission (2002). Certain taxa, including orchids, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates, have yet to be properly assessed for global status. Protected status in China is based on Hua & Yan (1993) for animals, and State Forestry Administration & Ministry of Agriculture (1999) for plants. - 1 - Location and management Dapingshan Headwater Forest Nature Reserve is in the northwest of Guiping County, next to Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, in East-central Guangxi. The coordinates have been given as 23º32'-23º34' N, 109º56'-109º59'E (Forestry Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1993) and 23o30’-23o40’N, 109o58’-110o03’E (MacKinnon et al., 1996). The reserve is 19 km2 in area. The region has a southern subtropical monsoon climate with mean monthly temperature range from 11oC in January to 27oC in July. Average annual rainfall is 1,900 mm, of which most occurs from February to September. Rainfall in the remaining months usually exceeds 50 mm, such that there is no pronounced dry season. The rivers drain south into the Qianjiang, which flows east to the Xijiang (West River). The geology is mainly sandstone and conglomerates. The landscape, at the southern tip of the Dayaoshan range, is mountainous with deep ravine valleys and mountain ridges with a mostly northeast-southwest orientation. Altitude in the reserve ranges from about 200 m to 1,158 m at the summit of Dapingshan. The area was designated a nature reserve by the Guiping County Government in 1983 (Forestry Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1993). The major objective is to protect the tree fern Alsophila spinulosa, the tree Apterosperma oblata, and Shinisaurus crocodilurus (Crocodile Lizard) and its habitat (Forestry Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1993). It is listed as a Provincial-level Forest Ecosystem Nature Reserve (Zhang W., 1998), and managed by the provincial Forestry Department. Vegetation The major vegetation in the Dapingshan region is southern subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest, which is also the zonal vegetation (Forestry Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1993). Important families in this vegetation include Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Moraceae, Annonaceae, Areaceae, and Araceae. The forest was dominated in the early 1990s by Castanopsis fissa, Cryptocarya chingii, Litsea monopetala, Ficus auriculata, Saurauia tristyla and Macaranga henryi (Forestry Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1993). In ravines below 600 m, tropical monsoon rainforest dominated by Erythrophloeum fordii, Madhuca pasquieri, Endospermum chinense and Mischocarpus oppositifolius could be found (Forestry Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1993). The present study surveyed a secondary forest between 300 and 600 m. The forest canopy was about 10-20 m in height, with individual trees up to 30 m and over 1 m dbh. Some of the natural forest had been replaced several decades earlier by fir plantations. Results Flora Earlier surveys of the Dapingshan area had recorded 1,015 vascular plant species in 164 families. They included a number of globally Threatened plants, such as Erythrophloeum fordii, Madhuca pasquieri, Apterosperma oblata, and Zenia insignis (Forestry Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1993). The present
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Southwest Guangdong, 28 April to 7 May 1998
    Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangdong Provincial Forestry Department South China Institute of Botany South China Agricultural University South China Normal University Xinyang Teachers’ College January 2002 South China Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 4 (Online Simplified Version) Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Editors John R. Fellowes, Michael W.N. Lau, Billy C.H. Hau, Ng Sai-Chit and Bosco P.L. Chan Contributors Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden: Bosco P.L. Chan (BC) Lawrence K.C. Chau (LC) John R. Fellowes (JRF) Billy C.H. Hau (BH) Michael W.N. Lau (ML) Lee Kwok Shing (LKS) Ng Sai-Chit (NSC) Graham T. Reels (GTR) Gloria L.P. Siu (GS) South China Institute of Botany: Chen Binghui (CBH) Deng Yunfei (DYF) Wang Ruijiang (WRJ) South China Agricultural University: Xiao Mianyuan (XMY) South China Normal University: Chen Xianglin (CXL) Li Zhenchang (LZC) Xinyang Teachers’ College: Li Hongjing (LHJ) Voluntary consultants: Guillaume de Rougemont (GDR) Keith Wilson (KW) Background The present report details the findings of two field trips in Southwest Guangdong by members of Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden (KFBG) in Hong Kong and their colleagues, as part of KFBG's South China Biodiversity Conservation Programme. The overall aim of the programme is to minimise the loss of forest biodiversity in the region, and the emphasis in the first three years is on gathering up-to-date information on the distribution and status of fauna and flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalog of Fishes Queries April 2017 Dennis Polack Fishwisepro Lineolatus, Apogon Rüppell [W
    Catalog of Fishes Queries April 2017 Dennis Polack Fishwisepro lineolatus, Apogon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:47, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. •Permanently invalid, preoccupied by Apogon lineolatus Cuvier 1828 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Synonym of Archamia lineolata (Cuvier 1828) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Current status: Synonym of Archamia lineolata (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine. Taeniamia lineolata : maculatus, Liparis Malm [A. W.] 1865:412 [Förhandlingar vid de Skandinaviske Naturforskarnes. v. 9; ref. 17596] Bukn, Bohüslän Island. No types known. Syntypes: NHMG 963 (1), 1233 (1) •Synonym of Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804) -- (Chernova 1991:28 [ref. 23263], Chernova et al. 2004:27 [ref. 27592], Chernova 2008:832 [ref. 30236]). Current status: Synonym of Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804). Liparidae. Habitat: marine. This record appears to be marked as not available but no mention of in synonymy. : crosnieri, Chirolophius (Pyrenophorus) Le Danois [Y.] 1975:77, Figs. 52, 59 [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Serie A Zoologie v. 91; ref. 2732] Of northwestern Madagascar, 12°44'08"S, 48°10'06"E, depth 563-570 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1973-0023. Paratypes: MNHN 1973-0024 to 0026 (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Pietsch et al. 1986:135 [ref. 6339]. •Synonym of Lophiodes insidiator (Regan 1921) -- (Caruso 1981:527 [ref. 5169], Caruso 1986:364 [ref. 6290]). Current status: Synonym of Lophiodes insidiator (Regan 1921). Lophiidae. Habitat: marine. Off : carpophaga, Chalceus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:252 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v.
    [Show full text]
  • Deoxycalyciphylline B, a Hepatotoxic Alkaloid from Daphniphyllum Calycinum
    Molecules 2012, 17, 9641-9651; doi:10.3390/molecules17089641 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Deoxycalyciphylline B, a Hepatotoxic Alkaloid from Daphniphyllum calycinum Xiaopo Zhang 1, Junqing Zhang 1, Yinfeng Tan 1, Qibing Liu 1 and Mingsheng Liu 2,3,* 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (Y.T.); [email protected] (Q.L.) 2 Hainan Provincial Institute of South and Li Medicine Development, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China 3 Guangzhou Unversity of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +86-898-6689-3826. Received: 2 July 2012; in revised form: 1 August 2012 / Accepted: 7 August 2012 / Published: 13 August 2012 Abstract: Daphniphyllum calycinum (DC), a main component of Chinese patent drug Fengliao-Changweikang, is effectively used to cure bowel disease in the clinic. It was recorded that DC possessed slight toxicity, which was caused by the alkaloids existing in its extract. Unfortunately, to date the toxicity level and toxic constituents are still unclear. The present study is designed to illustrate the acute toxicity and induced organ damages of the total alkaloids as well as to determine the toxic constituents. Based on the above studies, not only was the acute toxicity determined but also hepatic toxicity was characterized by increased plasma biomarkers of ALT and AST and liver cell inflammatory infiltrate as well necrosis that was firstly observed. Significantly, deoxycalyciphylline B exhibited exactly the same hepatic toxicity so it was identified as the main toxic constituent in DC.
    [Show full text]
  • Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
    Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE 1. DAPHNIPHYLLUM Blume, Bijdr. 13
    DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE 交让木科 jiao rang mu ke Min Tianlu (闵天禄 Ming Tien-lu)1; Klaus Kubitzki2 Dioecious trees or shrubs; branchlets with leaf scars and lenticels. Leaves alternate, usually conferted at apex of branchlets, sim- ple, entire, long petiolate, exstipulate. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, solitary, bracteate at base. Flowers unisexual, sometimes ster- ile. Calyx 3–6-parted, persistent or deciduous. Petals absent. Male flowers: stamens 5–12(–18), 1-whorled, radially arranged; filaments shorter than anthers; anthers luniform with lateral-longitudinal dehiscence, connective ± exserted. Female flowers: staminodes absent or 5–10; ovary ovoid or ellipsoidal, 2-locular; ovules 2 per locule, anatropous, pendulous; style very short; style branches 2, recurved or circinate, persistent, adaxially with decurrent stigmas. Drupe ovoid or ellipsoidal, tuberculate or indistinctly tuberculate-rugose on surface, often glaucous; mesocarp fleshy. Stone hard; testa membranous; endosperm fleshy; embryo small; cotyledons semiterete; rad- icle terete. One genus and 25–30 species: India and Sri Lanka to Australia, but centered in E and SE Asia; ten species (three endemic) in China. Ming Tien lu. 1980. Daphniphyllaceae. In: Cheng Mien & Ming Tien lu, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 1–11. 1. DAPHNIPHYLLUM Blume, Bijdr. 13: 1152. 1826–1827. 虎皮楠属 hu pi nan shu Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those of the family. 1a. Calyx absent. 2a. Female flower with staminodes around ovary. 3a. Staminodes 10; leaf blade not papillate below, lateral veins slender and dense, visible on both surfaces ...................................................................................................................................................... 1. D. macropodum 3b. Staminodes 5; leaf blade finely (or minutely) papillate below, lateral veins laxly arcuate, slightly impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Plant List of Shing Mun Arboretum
    Plant List of Shing Mun Arboretum Updated as at Aug 2017 Terrace Family Name Scientific Name English Name 梯田 科名 中文名 A THEACEAE 山茶科 Camellia crapnelliana 紅皮糙果茶(克氏茶) Crapnell's Camellia A THEACEAE 山茶科 Camellia granthamiana 大苞山茶(葛量洪茶) Grantham's Camellia A BORAGINACEAE 紫草科 Carmona microphylla 基及樹(福建茶) Fukien Tea A DICKSONIACEAE 蚌殼蕨科 Cibotium barometz 金毛狗(鯨口蕨) Lamb of Tartary A LILIACEAE 百合科 Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum 文殊蘭 Chinese Crinum A FABACEAE 蝶形花科 Crotalaria retusa 吊裙草 Retuse-leaved Crotalaria A CORNACEAE 山茱萸科 Dendrobenthamia hongkongensis 香港四照花 Hong Kong Dogwood A EUPHORBIACEAE 大戟科 Glochidion lanceolarium 艾膠算盤子(大葉算盤子) Large-leaved Abacus Plant A ERICACEAE 杜鵑花科 Rhododendron pulchrum var. phoeniceum 紫杜鵑花 Purple Azalea A ERICACEAE 杜鵑花科 Rhododendron simsii 紅杜鵑 Red Azalea A AGAVACEAE 龍舌蘭科 Sansevieria trifasciata 虎尾蘭 Snake Plant A MELIACEAE 楝科 Toona rubriflora 紅花香椿 B BETULACEAE 樺木科 Alnus japonica 赤楊 Formosan Alder B MYRSINACEAE 紫金牛科 Ardisia crenata 朱砂根 Hilo Holly B THEACEAE 山茶科 Camellia granthamiana 大苞山茶(葛量洪茶) Grantham's Camellia B FAGACEAE 殼斗科 Castanopsis fabri 羅浮錐(白櫞) Faber's Chestnut B EUPHORBIACEAE 大戟科 Croton hancei 香港巴豆(海斯巴豆) Hong Kong Croton B FAGACEAE 殼斗科 Cyclobalanopsis edithiae 華南青岡 Thick-leaved Oak B FAGACEAE 殼斗科 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia 小葉青岡 Small-leaved Oak B FAGACEAE 殼斗科 Cyclobalanopsis neglecta 竹葉青岡 Bamboo-leaved Oak B MORACEAE 桑科 Ficus pumila 薜荔(文頭郎) Creeping Fig B EUPHORBIACEAE 大戟科 Glochidion philippicum 菲島算盤子(甜葉算盤子) Philippine Abacus Plant B ILLICIACEAE 八角科 Illicium dunnianum 紅花八角(鄧氏八角) Dunn's Star-anise B FAGACEAE
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Feng-Liao-Chang-Wei-Kang As a Potential Inducer of Cytochrome P450 3A4 and Pregnane X Receptors
    Assessment of Feng-Liao-Chang-Wei-Kang as a potential inducer of cytochrome P450 3A4 and pregnane X receptors 1 2 3 4 3 3 Yiqiang Xie , Yuhua Li , Mianqing Huang , Qing Wu , Qibing Liu , Junqing Zhang , Huiming Deng3, Mi Liu3 and Ling Huang3* 1The School of TCM of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China 2Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China 4Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China Abstract: Feng-Liao-Chang-Wei-Kang (FLCWK), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, consists primarily of Polygonum hydropiper and Daphniphyllum calycinum roots. As a complex containing several kinds of flavonoids, FLCWK has the potential to impact the drug metabolism enzyme P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and nuclear receptors. The purpose of this research was to probe the effects of FLCWK on CYP3A1, the homolog of CYP3A4 in rats, and to confirm whether FLCWK interferes with PXR and CAR-mediated transactivation of CYP3A4. The effects of FLCWK on Cyp3a1 mRNA, catalytic activity levels, and protein expression in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat liver tissues were examined using real-time PCR, western blotting, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays, respectively. The efficacy of PXR and CAR on CYP3A4 transcriptional activity were detected using luciferase reporter assays and further research of the impact of FLCWK on CYP3A4 gene expression mediated by the PXR pathway was examined by transient transfection of PXR siRNA. FLCWK significantly increased Cyp3a1 mRNA, CYP3A1 activity, and protein expression levels in SD rats.
    [Show full text]
  • Explosive Radiation of Malpighiales Supports a Mid-Cretaceous Origin of Modern Tropical Rain Forests
    Explosive Radiation of Malpighiales Supports a Mid-Cretaceous Origin of Modern Tropical Rain Forests The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Davis, Charles C., Campbell O. Webb, Kenneth J. Wurdack, Carlos A. Jaramillo, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2005. Explosive radiation of Malpighiales supports a mid-Cretaceous origin of modern tropical rain forests. American Naturalist 165(3): E36-E65. Published Version http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/428296 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2710469 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA vol. 165, no. 3 the american naturalist march 2005 E-Article Explosive Radiation of Malpighiales Supports a Mid-Cretaceous Origin of Modern Tropical Rain Forests Charles C. Davis,1,* Campbell O. Webb,2,† Kenneth J. Wurdack,3,‡ Carlos A. Jaramillo,4,§ and Michael J. Donoghue2,k 1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Keywords: biome evolution, fossils, K/T boundary, Malpighiales, pe- Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2287; nalized likelihood, tropical rain forest. 2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; 3. Department of Botany and Laboratories of Analytical Biology, Modern tropical rain forests are one of the most important Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, National Museum of and species rich biomes on the planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenneth J. Wurdack 2,4 and Charles C. Davis
    American Journal of Botany 96(8): 1551–1570. 2009. M ALPIGHIALES PHYLOGENETICS: GAINING GROUND ON ONE OF THE MOST RECALCITRANT CLADES IN THE ANGIOSPERM TREE OF LIFE 1 Kenneth J. Wurdack 2,4 and Charles C. Davis3,4 2 Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012 NMNH MRC-166, Washington, District of Columbia 20013-7012 USA; and 3 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA The eudicot order Malpighiales contains ~16 000 species and is the most poorly resolved large rosid clade. To clarify phyloge- netic relationships in the order, we used maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and parsimony analyses of DNA sequence data from 13 gene regions, totaling 15 604 bp, and representing all three genomic compartments (i.e., plastid: atpB , matK , ndhF, and rbcL ; mitochondrial: ccmB , cob , matR , nad1B-C , nad6, and rps3; and nuclear: 18S rDNA, PHYC, and newly developed low-copy EMB2765 ). Our sampling of 190 taxa includes representatives from all families of Malpighiales. These data provide greatly in- creased support for the recent additions of Aneulophus , Bhesa , Centroplacus , Ploiarium , and Raffl esiaceae to Malpighiales; sister relations of Phyllanthaceae + Picrodendraceae, monophyly of Hypericaceae, and polyphyly of Clusiaceae. Oxalidales + Huaceae, followed by Celastrales are successive sisters to Malpighiales. Parasitic Raffl esiaceae, which produce the world’ s largest fl owers, are confi rmed as embedded within a paraphyletic Euphorbiaceae. Novel fi ndings show a well-supported placement of Ctenolopho- naceae with Erythroxylaceae + Rhizophoraceae, sister-group relationships of Bhesa + Centroplacus , and the exclusion of Medu- sandra from Malpighiales. New taxonomic circumscriptions include the addition of Bhesa to Centroplacaceae, Medusandra to Peridiscaceae (Saxifragales), Calophyllaceae applied to Clusiaceae subfamily Kielmeyeroideae, Peraceae applied to Euphorbi- aceae subfamily Peroideae, and Huaceae included in Oxalidales.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: an and Taxonomists Throughout the World Who Have Left Inventory
    United States Department of Agriculture Perennial Edible Fruits Agricultural Research Service of the Tropics Agriculture Handbook No. 642 An Inventory t Abstract Acknowledgments Martin, Franklin W., Carl W. Cannpbell, Ruth M. Puberté. We owe first thanks to the botanists, horticulturists 1987 Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An and taxonomists throughout the world who have left Inventory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, written records of the fruits they encountered. Agriculture Handbook No. 642, 252 p., illus. Second, we thank Richard A. Hamilton, who read and The edible fruits of the Tropics are nnany in number, criticized the major part of the manuscript. His help varied in form, and irregular in distribution. They can be was invaluable. categorized as major or minor. Only about 300 Tropical fruits can be considered great. These are outstanding We also thank the many individuals who read, criti- in one or more of the following: Size, beauty, flavor, and cized, or contributed to various parts of the book. In nutritional value. In contrast are the more than 3,000 alphabetical order, they are Susan Abraham (Indian fruits that can be considered minor, limited severely by fruits), Herbert Barrett (citrus fruits), Jose Calzada one or more defects, such as very small size, poor taste Benza (fruits of Peru), Clarkson (South African fruits), or appeal, limited adaptability, or limited distribution. William 0. Cooper (citrus fruits), Derek Cormack The major fruits are not all well known. Some excellent (arrangements for review in Africa), Milton de Albu- fruits which rival the commercialized greatest are still querque (Brazilian fruits), Enriquito D.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Systematic Study of Colleters and Stipules of Rhizophoraceae with Implications for Adaptation to Challenging Environments
    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172, 449–464. With 7 figures Comparative systematic study of colleters and stipules of Rhizophoraceae with implications for adaptation to challenging environments CHIOU-RONG SHEUE1*, PETER CHESSON1,2, YING-JU CHEN1, SZU-YANG WU1, YEH-HUA WU1, JEAN W. H. YONG3, TE-YU GUU1, CHUNG-LU LIM4, RAZAFIHARIMINA MARIE AGNÈS RANDRIANASOLO5, MIALY HARINDRA RAZANAJATOVO5,6 and YUEN-PO YANG7 1Department of Life Sciences & Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, AZ, USA 3Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 138682, Singapore 4Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 5Department of Biology and Ecology, Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar 6Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany 7Department of Bioresources, Dayeh University, 168 University Rd., Dacun, Changhua 515, Taiwan Received 29 October 2012; revised 16 December 2012; accepted for publication 7 April 2013 Colleters are multicellular secretory structures found on various organs in flowering plants. Colleters on the adaxial sides of stipules have been hypothesized to play a role in protecting the developing shoot. Rhizophoraceae is a stipulate family with a broad distribution from mangrove to montane environments, which makes the family well suited for the examination of this hypothesis, but the colleters of Rhizophoraceae are not well known. We compared species from all three tribes of Rhizophoraceae, including five inland genera and all four mangrove genera. In all species, several to hundreds of colleters, sessile or stalked, arranged in rows aggregated in genus-specific shapes, are found at the adaxial bases of open and closed stipules.
    [Show full text]
  • RHIZOPHORACEAE 1. RHIZOPHORA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 443. 1753
    RHIZOPHORACEAE 红树科 hong shu ke Qin Haining (覃海宁)1; David E. Boufford2 Trees or shrubs, evergreen, without spines, often with aerial roots. Stem nodes swollen. Stipules interpetiolar, sheathing ter- minal bud, caducous. Leaves simple, opposite or distichous, petiolate; leaf blade leathery, usually glabrous, margin entire, serrulate near apex, or completely serrulate. Inflorescences axillary, dense cymes. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic; hypanthium present [or absent]. Calyx lobes 4–16, inserted on rim of hypanthium, free or scarcely connate a base, valvate, persistent in fruit. Petals usually as many as sepals, free, usually caducous, margin entire, lacerate, or 2-cleft. Stamens twice as many as calyx lobes; anther locules 4 to many, dehiscing longitudinally or by an adaxial valve. Hypogynous disk present or absent. Ovary inferior or half-inferior; carpels 2–5(–20), 2–8-loculed; ovules usually 2 per locule, pendulous; style 1; stigma entire, capitate, or lobed. Fruit pulpy or leathery, inde- hiscent. Seeds 1 to few, viviparous; seedling (propagule) 7–80 cm when shed (except in Carallia and Pellacalyx). About 17 genera and 120 species: tropics and subtropics; six genera and 13 species (three endemic) in China. Ko Wan-cheung. 1983. Rhizophoraceae. In: Fang Wen-pei & Chang Che-yung, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 52(2): 125–143. 1a. Trees of inland ecosystems; seeds not germinating while attached to parent plant. 2a. Stipules twisted, overlapping; free part of calyx divided to base; stamens attached to disk ....................................... 5. Carallia 2b. Stipules flat, free; free part of calyx tubular, lobed only apically; stamens attached to mouth of calyx tube ........ 6. Pellacalyx 1b. Trees or shrubs of coastal mangrove ecosystems; seeds germinating and hypocotyls growing from fruit while attached to parent plant.
    [Show full text]