51322 Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 195 / Tuesday, October 9, 2001 / Rules and Regulations Code for reading third column: § 73.202 [Amended] Background Emerg.—Emergency; Reg.—Regular; 2. Section 73.202(b), the Table of FM Buchanan (1980), Cummings and Susp.—Suspension. Allotments under New York, is Mayer (1992), Oesch (1995), and Watters Dated: September 28, 2001. amended by adding Granby, Channel (1995) provide descriptions of the Robert F. Shea, 288A, and removing Channel 288A from scaleshell mussel. The shell grows to Acting Administrator, Federal Insurance and Oswego. approximately three to ten centimeters Mitigation Administration. Federal Communications Commission. (one to four inches) in length. The shells [FR Doc. 01–25242 Filed 10–5–01; 8:45 am] John A. Karousos, are elongate, very thin, and compressed. The anterior (front) end is rounded. In BILLING CODE 6718–05–P Chief, Allocations Branch, Policy and Rules Division, Mass Media Bureau. males, the posterior (rear) end is bluntly pointed. In females, the periostracum [FR Doc. 01–25116 Filed 10–5–01; 8:45 am] (the outside layer or covering of the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS BILLING CODE 6712–01–P COMMISSION shell) forms a wavy, fluted extension of the posterior end of the shell. The dorsal 47 CFR Part 73 (top) margin is straight and the ventral DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (bottom) margin is gently rounded. [DA 01–2205; MM Docket No. 00–169; RM– Beaks (the raised or domed part of the 9953] Fish and Wildlife Service dorsal margin of the shell) are small and Radio Broadcasting Services; Oswego low, and nearly even with the hinge and Granby, NY 50 CFR Part 17 line. The beak sculpture is inconspicuously compressed and AGENCY: Federal Communications consists of four or five double-looped RIN 1018–AF57 Commission. ridges. The periostracum is smooth, ACTION: Final rule. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife yellowish green or brown, with and Plants; Determination of numerous faint green rays. The SUMMARY: In response to a Notice of Endangered Status for the Scaleshell pseudocardinal teeth (the triangular, Proposed Rule Making, 65 FR 57800 Mussel often serrated, teeth located on the (September 26, 2000) this document upper part of the shell) are reduced to reallots Channel 288A from Oswego to AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, a small thickened ridge. The lateral Granby, New York and provides Granby Interior. teeth (the elongated teeth along the with its first local aural transmission ACTION: Final rule. hinge line of the shell) are moderately service. The coordinates for Channel long with two indistinct teeth occurring 288A at Granby are 43–17–44 North SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and in the left valve (shell) and one fine Latitude and 76–26–16 West Longitude. Wildlife Service (Service), determine tooth in the right. The beak cavity (a DATES: Effective November 5, 2001. the scaleshell mussel (Leptodea cavity located inside the shell that FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: R. leptodon) to be an endangered species extends into the beak) is very shallow. Barthen Gorman, Mass Media Bureau, under the Endangered Species Act of The nacre (the interior layer of the shell) (202) 418–2180. 1973, as amended (Act). The scaleshell is pinkish white or light purple and SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a mussel historically occurred in 55 rivers highly iridescent. in 13 states in the eastern United States. synopsis of the Commission’s Report Life History and Order, MM Docket No. 00–169, Currently, the species is known to exist adopted September 12, 2001, and in 14 rivers (and may occur in 6 others) The biology of the scaleshell mussel released September 21, 2001. The full within the Mississippi River Basin in is similar to the biology of other text of this Commission decision is Missouri, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. Its bivalved mollusks belonging to the available for inspection and copying abundance and distribution have family Unionidae. Adult unionids are during normal business hours in the decreased markedly due to habitat loss filter-feeders, spending their entire lives FCC’s Reference Information Center at and adverse effects associated with partially or completely buried in the Portals II, CY–A257, 445 12th Street, water quality degradation, stream bottom (Murray and Leonard SW., Washington, DC. The complete sedimentation, channelization, sand and 1962). The posterior margin of the shell text of this decision may also be gravel mining, dredging, and reservoir is usually exposed and the siphons purchased from the Commission’s copy construction. extended to facilitate feeding. During contractor: Qualex International, Portals DATES: This final rule is effective on periods of activity, movement is II, 445 12th Street, SW, Room CY–B402, November 8, 2001. accomplished by extending and contracting a single muscular foot Washington, D.C. 20554. ADDRESSES: The complete file for this between the valves. Extension of the List of Subjects in 47 CFR Part 73 rule is available for inspection, by foot also enables the mussel to wedge appointment, during normal business itself into the river bottom. Their food Radio broadcasting. hours at the Columbia Field Office, U.S. Part 73 of Title 47 of the Code of includes detritus (disintegrated organic Fish and Wildlife Service, 608 East material), plankton, and other Federal Regulations is amended as Cherry Street, Room 200, Columbia, follows: microorganisms (Fuller 1974). Some Missouri 65201. freshwater mussel species are long- PART 73—RADIO BROADCAST FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: lived. Individuals of many species live SERVICES Andy Roberts (at the above address or more than 10 years and some have been telephone 573–876–1911, ext. 110; fax reported to live over 100 years 1. The authority citation for Part 73 573–876–1914). TTY users may contact (Cummings and Mayer 1992). reads as follows: us through the Federal Relay Service at Unionids have an unusual and Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 303, 334, and 1–800–877–8339. complex mode of reproduction, which 336. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: includes a brief, obligatory parasitic VerDate 11<MAY>2000 18:11 Oct 05, 2001 Jkt 197001 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\09OCR1.SGM pfrm02 PsN: 09OCR1 Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 195 / Tuesday, October 9, 2001 / Rules and Regulations 51323 stage on fish. Males release sperm into of 35 individuals, and the Meramec distribution of the scaleshell mussel. the water column in the spring, Basin collection only contained 15 However, the specimens that were the summer, or early fall, and females using females out of 44 living individuals. The source of the St. Lawrence River record the incurrent water flow draw in the reason females appear to be less were later identified as wingless sperm. Fertilization takes place in the common than males in the Gasconade examples of Leptodea fragilis (fragile shell of the female. Fertilized eggs River and Meramec Basin is unknown. papershell), which are often seen in develop into microscopic larvae New York (David Strayer, Institute of Habitat Characteristics (glochidia) and are brooded within Ecosystem Studies, New York, in litt. special gill chambers of the female. The scaleshell mussel occurs in 1995). Given this and that no other Once the glochidia are mature, they are medium to large rivers with low to authentic specimens have been found expelled into the water where they must moderate gradients in a variety of (David Stansbery, Ohio State Museum, quickly attach to the gills or the fins of stream habitats. Buchanan (1980, 1994) in litt. 1995), the historical occurrence an appropriate fish host to complete and Gordon (1991) reported the of the species in St. Lawrence Basin is development. Following proper host scaleshell mussel from riffle areas with doubtful. infestation, glochidia transform into substrate consisting of gravel, cobble, Within the last 50 years the scaleshell juveniles and excyst (drop off). boulder, and occasionally mud or sand. mussel has become increasingly rare Juveniles must drop off into suitable Oesch (1995) considered the scaleshell and its range greatly restricted. habitat to survive. Host fish specificity mussel a typical riffle species, occurring Historically, the scaleshell mussel varies among unionids. Some mussel only in clear, unpolluted water with occurred in 55 rivers. Today, the species species appear to require a single host good current. Conversely, Call (1900), is known from only 14 rivers including species, while others can transform their Goodrich and Van der Schalie (1944), the Meramec, Bourbeuse, Big, glochidia into juvenile mussels on and Cummings and Mayer (1992) Gasconade, and Osage Rivers in several fish species. For further reported collections from muddy Missouri; Frog Bayou and the St. information on the life history of bottoms of medium-sized and large Francis, Spring, South Fork Spring, freshwater mussels, see Gordon and rivers. Roberts and Bruenderman (2000) South Fourche LaFave, and White Layzer (1989) and Watters (1995). collected the scaleshell mussel Rivers in Arkansas; and the Little, Mussel biologists know relatively primarily from mussel beds (areas with Mountain Fork, and Kiamichi Rivers in little about the specific life history a high concentration of mussels that Oklahoma. An additional six rivers requirements of the scaleshell mussel. contain more than one species) with (Cossatot, Little Missouri, Saline, and Baker (1928) surmised that the stable, gravel substrates. The Strawberry Rivers, and Myatt and Gates scaleshell mussel is a long-term brooder characteristic common to these sites Creeks) in Arkansas and Oklahoma may (spawns in fall months and females appears to be a stable stream bed and support the scaleshell mussel, but the brood the larvae in their gills until the good water quality. These habitat existence of the species in these rivers following spring or summer). Glochidia observations are consistent with the is uncertain. With the exception of the found in the gill chambers in current distribution of the scaleshell Meramec, Bourbeuse, and Gasconade September, October, November, and mussel.