Burgmann Journal R ESEA R CH D EBATE O PINI O N I SSUE II , 2 0 1 3 Burgmann Journal is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed publication of collected works of research, debate and opinion from residents and alumni of Burgmann College designed to engage and stimulate the wider community. Published by ANU eView The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://eview.anu.edu.au ISSN 2201-3881 (Print) ISSN 2201-3903 (Online) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Opinions published in the Burgmann Journal do not necessarily represent those of The Australian National University, Burgmann College, or the Editors. Front cover by Burgmann resident Hilary Hanrahan. According to Hilary, ‘This artwork was created through Photoshop using my own photograph of some new Bougainvillea buds growing on campus. The spray of flowers hanging over the fence looked good enough to eat’. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2013 ANU eView Editorial Team: Patrick Carvalho Editor-in-Chief Matthew Calvin Editor Roderick Murchison Editor Ella Relf Editor Wen-Ti Sung Editor Associate Editors: Vincent Margerin Matthew Randall iii Academic Referees: Dr Shiro Armstrong Dr Michael Platow Research Fellow Professor International Development Economics Research School of Psychology The Australian National University The Australian National University Dr Gregory Barton Dr Marian Sawer Senior Research Fellow Emeritus Professor Centre for Environmental History School of Politics and International Relations The Australian National University The Australian National University Dr Luke Glanville Dr Dale Stephens Research Fellow Associate Professor Centre for Governance and Public Policy Law School Griffith University The University of Adelaide Mr Nishank Motwani Dr Colin Tatz Burgmann Alumni Professor MA Security Studies { ANU School of Politics and International Relations PhD Candidate { UNSW The Australian National University Dr Mark Nolan Dr Katerina Teaiwa Associate Professor Co-Convener of Pacific Studies College of Law School of Culture, History and Language The Australian National University The Australian National University Dr Lindy Orthia Ms Erin Walsh Lecturer PhD Candidate Centre for the Public Awareness of Science Research School of Psychology The Australian National University The Australian National University Mr Aires Pereira Psychologist Tripsi Clinica de Psicologia iv Authors: Brodie Buckland, a former Dean at Burgmann College, is a final year JD student at the ANU College of Law, and Senior Resident of Burgmann College. He holds a BA in History from Harvard University and a Diploma in Legal Studies from Oxford University. He is currently writing his JD Honours Thesis on the defence power in the Constitution. Outside of his academic life, Brodie currently works for the ACT Government Solicitor in their Civil Litigation and Government Law areas, and hopes to continue to hone his interest in public law in the years to come. Charles Deutscher, a Burgmann resident from 2004 to 2007, is completing a Master of Public Policy at the University of Oxford. His present research in South Sudan centres around the provision of support by UN entities to non-UN security forces. He holds Bachelors of Arts (International Relations / French) and Laws (First Class Hons.) from the ANU, and has worked in various capacities for the UN in Dakar and New York, and in private legal practice in Sydney. In 2014, he will commence work as a Delegate for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Lewis Hirst is in his third year of a Bachelor of Asia-Pacific Studies, with an academic focus on the societies and economies of Northeast Asia. Lewis is currently a Policy Analyst in international affairs for the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI), and a founder and Project Director of The Monsoon Project, an ANU-based Asian Studies publishing initiative. Lewis has been a resident of Burgmann College since 2011. Kevin Llewellyn had 14 years of experience as a Norwegian Government employee before moving on to academia in 2010. Upon completing two Bachelor degrees, in Crisis Management at Hedmark University College and in Comparative Politics at the University of Bergen, Kevin chose ANU for his postgraduate studies. After the ANU exchange program with Bjørknes College/PRIO, Kevin has been a Burgmann College resident since the beginning of 2013 and is expected to complete his double Masters in IR and Diplomacy by mid-2014. Daniel McKay is a current resident of Burgmann College and is in his third year of a Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Laws degree, majoring in History and Political Science. His interests in history and politics have been a lifelong passion, and he is contemplating postgraduate studies and a career which captures these interests. The theme of his essay was particularly inspired by his experiences growing up on the family property during one of the worst droughts on record. v Mimi-Cecilia Pascoe is a current resident of Burgmann College in her second year of a Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Laws degree, majoring in European History and French. Following three further years of Arts/Law, she hopes to complete Honours in French, focusing on French literature, before venturing into the legal field. Emma Roberts is currently in her second year of a double Bachelor degree in Asia-Pacific Studies and Law. She is majoring in Indonesian and Pacific Studies and hopes to work in one of these regions in the future as an advocate for the rights of oppressed peoples, particularly in the areas of gender equality or customary land ownership. Emma has already studied and volunteered in Indonesia on two occasions and will complete some fieldwork in Samoa at the end of 2013. She has been a Burgmann resident since the beginning of 2012. Ana Stevenson is currently undertaking her PhD at the University of Queensland, where her interdisciplinary thesis investigates the social reform movements of nineteenth-century America. As an undergraduate, she pursued her interest in media and cultural studies through a Bachelor of Communication (dist.) (CQU), and extended her interest in American history during Honours (Class I) (UQ). Ana was a resident of Burgmann College (2009-2010) as a Summer Scholar in the College of Arts and Social Sciences at the ANU. Marina Tavleski has been a resident of Burgmann College since 2012, and she is currently completing her Honours in Psychology at the ANU. She has a Bachelor degree in Economics and Political Science from the University of Melbourne, and has more recently obtained a Graduate Diploma in Psychological Studies from the ANU. Marina is working towards a career in research and clinical psychology. Sophie Taylor is a current resident of Burgmann College in her third year of a Bachelor of Science/Bachelor of Laws degree majoring in Neuroscience. She hopes to pursue a career in international public health, with a specific focus on improving health policies in developing countries. Tan Haur was the Artist-in-Residence at Burgmann College from 2006 to 2007. He is an MA graduate (Distinction) of the Australian National University majoring in digital imaging and alternative photographic processes & printing. As a pioneer of the local and regional Digital Art Community, Tan has been actively involved in many of the global digital art activities and research projects. He has received the first prize award in France + Singapore Photographic Arts Competition 2012 as well as the silver award in PX3 Prix de la Photographie, Paris 2011. vi Foreword: One should never judge a book by its cover we are told. One suspects this may apply even more so to an Annual Journal published in 2013 for the second time only. However, Volume Two of the Burgmann Journal goes beautifully beyond its charter of \Research Debate Opinion". It is bookended by the fabulous photoshopping of ANU Bougainvillea by current resident Hilary Hanrahan on the cover, and the renowned work of alumnus and celebrated Singapore artist, Tan Haur's Global Eyes series in the final pages. This seems to me to be most fitting, because bound within is a flow of writing worthy of such a wrap, and mature beyond its years. One might normally expect such an academic journal to be the product of the more experienced academic and yet, in only its second outing, the Burgmann Journal resounds with the energy of youth from no less than five current undergraduates and several others who may be considered young alumni or postgraduates of the College. More importantly, and more engagingly, it resounds with academic rigour, intellectual strength and vitality of interest and analysis. As Principal of Burgmann College, am I entitled to be proud of this production and its many producers? I hope so. It says so much about the direction and the future of Burgmann, its academic culture and strength in this fully flowering return volume. Burgmann College owes Editor-in-Chief Patrick Carvalho, his team, the academic referees, the authors and contributors, a great debt of gratitude. This journal is a true sample of the great intellectual riches of Burgmann residents, past and present. The range and rigour of the College's current research output will be felt both within the Australian National University and well beyond. Dr Philip Dutton BA, MEd, PhD, MACE, AFAIM, MAICD Principal Burgmann College vii Editorial: It is with great pleasure that we present the second issue of the Burgmann Journal. Back in its inception, the venture was designed to showcase the rich and colourful academic output of the broader Burgmann community. The project, however, already transcends its original blueprint of \collected works". The Burgmann Journal has become ultimately a work in itself; borrowing from Koffka's maxim, a whole that is other than the sum of its parts.