See You in Indy!

July — September 2004

Vol. 37 • No. 3 July — September 2004 Issue #183 SEE YOU IN INDY! Fellow NAVA Members! Write an article or send Since you elected me as in interesting material your president for the for NAVA NEWS or first time in 1998 in RAVEN; you don’t have Quebéc City, much has to be a professional happened to benefit your writer; our editorial staff organization. We have is crackerjack at helping put ourself on the map, whip material into excel- having successfully pro- lent shape for publica- moted our State and Pro- tion. vincial Flag Survey with Present a paper or pre- hundreds of mentions of sentation at the Annual Vexillology in print and Meeting, or display your broadcast media. rect result of the hard work by many, collection. Bring Vexibits or even In addition, we have published a many volunteers. I especially want just attend the meeting. Interested landmark book on the city flags of to thank (in no specific order) Peter attendees really help us. the United States. Work has com- Orenski, Mason Kaye, Tru Pope, In short, there are many support- menced on a companion volume Andy Biles, Carita Culmer, Philippe ing jobs members can do that really dealing with Canadian city flags. Rault, Jon Radel, Nick Artimovich, help NAVA in its mission. Don’t de- There have been other achieve- Sophie Rault, John Purcell, Harry lay! Volunteer today! ments as well, a general improve- Oswald, Tex Aitchison, Dean Tho- As for me, I plan to stay on as NAVA ment in the quality of our publica- mas, Gus Tracchia, Kin Spain, Luc NEWS editor and database manager tions as well as a major effort to bring Baronian, Jim Croft, Earl Williams, for the near future, as long as the them out on time. These specific and many others who have made next president wants me to. I hope achievements have been given a big this job much easier than it would you will join me in helping NAVA and signal of approval by the large in- have otherwise been. thanks for your support. crease this past year in the number I also want to especially recognize Dave Martucci of members who are renewing for Peter Ansoff, Ted Kaye, Kevin July — September 2004 multiple years. Murray, Rich Monahan and Dev All in all, I am very happy with the Cannon, who have volunteered to INSIDE THIS ISSUE: state of NAVA as I end my six years serve in critical roles on the Execu- See You in Indy! as your president. In fact, most of tive Board. I hope you will join me Flag & Arms of Republic of Z in offering all the support you can the achievements I have listed here, as well as many others, are the di- to the new Board, who have the Flag for the Healing Lodge toughest jobs in NAVA. The Sun and the Stars Which brings me to you, dear NAVA NEWS/RAVEN Index reader. If NAVA is going to continue 2010 Winter Olympics Contest to grow and improve, it will be be- XX ICV Proceedings cause of the continuing volunteer Letters efforts of our members. You can New Member’s Flag NAVA 38 help! Volunteer to serve on a com- INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA mittee. These entities do many criti- Chumley 8-10 October 2004 cal jobs and always need more help. VexiloBaires 2005 —1— NAVA News 37/3 - #183 THE FLAG AND ARMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF Z by Peter Ansoff Modified from a presentation given at NAVA 37 in Montréal, October 2003

“I’m not making this up” – Dave Barry

INTRODUCTION imagination and resources can make training facility in Arlington, Vir- The George P. Shultz National For- it. It has consular seals, stamps, ginia.) The move was initiated by eign Affairs Training Center is lo- flags, files and all major consular President Zing, who “heard that ev- cated in Arlington, Virginia (Figure machines … The consulate lacks only erybody else was doing that, and … 1). The NFATC is the home of the the crowd-packed waiting areas of didn’t want to be unfashionable.” Foreign Service Institute (FSI), which most large consular offices.2 Although the ministry of Foreign Af- is the US Government’s primary The annual graduation ceremony fairs has been relocated to Zug, most training institution for diplomatic for trainees is billed as the Indepen- government ministries remain in personnel. The FSI offers more than dence Day celebration for the Repub- Rosslyn pending the ability of the 500 courses, including approxi- lic of Z, and features ceremonies in- government to afford moving them. mately 60 foreign languages, to more volving the symbols of the nation. Zyxia was settled by Polynesians than 30,000 enrollees a year. Stu- (Figure 2).3 from Tahiti and the Marquesas dents come from the US State around 1200 AD. European Department, the military ser- settlement began in 1756, when vices, and other government Captain Zook’s expedition of agencies.1 three ships ran aground on the island and claimed it for Zandorra.5 Zyxia remained under Zandorran domination throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries and achieved independence from Zandorra on 1 April 1977 under President Figure 2 Zeremiah Zununu. The official Honor Guard at the Republic of Z Independence account of this event is as fol- Day Celebration (Note ceremonial uniforms and traditional weapons) lows: Source: The Washington Post, 30 March 1996 Zununu and several fellow Zian graduates of Zale University had Figure 1 THE REPUBLIC OF Z The National Foreign Affairs Training returned to Z on an American … The Republic of Z4 (Figure 3) com- Center (Home of the Foreign Service tramp steamer that arrived off Institute) Arlington, Virginia prises the east central part of Zyxia, Rosslyn late in the evening of March a large South Pacific tropical island. 31, 1977… Zununu and his buddies, One of the major missions of the Zyxia, with an area of 1.15 million including the current president, FSI is to train diplomats for service square kilometers (about three times Zammy Zing, proceeded to overin- in U.S. embassies and consulates. the size of New Zealand), is located dulge in zulque, the national drink, Since 1977, the Institute has oper- just south of the equator, about and decided to swim ashore. They ated a special training facility that 3,000 km due west of Lima, Peru. stripped to their underwear and tied simulates a U.S. consulate located Z itself comprises about 312,000 their outer clothing and shoes in in a fictitious nation known as the square km, about the size of New bundles to hold them above the wa- “Republic of Z.” Students are re- Mexico. It is bounded on the north ter as they swam through the surf to quired to be familiar with the laws and west by the Republic of X, a shore. The alert local Coast Guard and customs of Z, and to participate poorer, less populated country, and challenged them, and, thinking they in role-playing activities involving to the southwest by the Republic of were the advance party of an invad- visa applications, passport renewal, Y. Z maintains correct, if frequently ing army … promptly surrendered. asylum requests, and so on. FSI strained, diplomatic relations with As Zununu, Zing and their compan- staff members and students in other its two neighbors and competes with ions were getting dressed, the programs play the roles of foreign Y for worldwide attention. Zandorran Governor General arrived diplomats, applicants, and other key The capital of Z was formerly lo- to surrender his sword. participants. According to former cated in Rosslyn, but was moved to The next day, the Governor General FSI director George S. Springsteen, the city of Zug on 1 January 2002. communicated his surrender to [The facility is as] authentic a rep- (Coincidentally, Rosslyn was also the Zandorran Prime Minister Zatcher, lica of a U.S. consulate general as name of the original site of the FSI’s who didn’t feel like wasting any man- —2— July — September 2004 power on Z … She quickly convinced the Zandorran Parliament that Z wasn’t worth keeping and recognized the new Republic of Z at 5:00 PM (otherwise known as Close of Business) on the afternoon of April 1.6

THE FLAG OF Z Mr. David Abell, a former instruc- tor in the Division of Consular Train- ing, has conducted detailed research on the Zian flag, which he summa- rizes as follows: … the flag of Z was designed by Betsy Zoss sometime in the late 19th century. [Note: the origins of the Zian flag are discussed further in Appen- dix B.] The design is simply a purple Z on a field of white [Figure 4]. Other, more complex designs were rejected when it was pointed out that beet root juice (one of Z’s traditional foods) could be used to color the flag, and the symmetrical design would make it unnecessary to hoist the flag in- verted to indicate distress. The pres- ence of a Zian flag always indicates distress. All private and government entities Figure 3 fly the same basic design of the Na- Official Map of the Republic of Z Source: State Department Briefing Book tional Flag, however there are some slight differences in specifications given to manufacturers. The Zian National Army … require[s] that the purple Z be attached by means of white Velcro fasteners. This relieves the embarrassment, often experi- enced by our Army in the past, of not having a surrender flag handy when they needed one. The Zian Navy specifies that their flags must be cer- tified waterproof in at least 200 fath- oms of seawater, somewhat simpli- fying the salvage efforts that seem to immediately follow the launching of any of their new ships.7 There is apparently some confu- sion as to the correct proportions of the Zian flag. A response to a re- cent inquiry8 stated that the dimensions of the official version of the flag were 3’ by 5’. However, the graphic sample provided in the same correspondence had proportions of 17:22. Figure 4 Interestingly, this discrepancy may 17:22? The National Flag of the Republic of Z shed light on certain aspects of the 1977? - Present legendary origins of the flag; this is- Purple “Z” on White. sue is further examined in Appen- dix B. —3— NAVA News 37/3 - #183 Motto: Pecunia Omnia Vincit [ac- One nation in purple cording to the source invitation, this Not green, not yellow, not red, but Current research has not yet un- is a quotation from the Zian National covered any documentary evidence purple Poet, Zergil Zaucer. Loosely trans- Unequivocally, unmistakably, and of when the flag of Z was officially lated, it means, “you better be good, adopted (if, indeed, it ever was). certainly indivisible, Zaint Nicholas is watching!” With zitizenship, some justice, and The symbol of the “two left shoes” liberty for most Zians, apparently commemorates an inci- But not Xians and certainly not dent that took place at the time of Yians.12 Zian independence in 1977. As pre- APPENDIX A viously recounted, Zununu and Zing removed their shoes before swim- NOTES ON THE TAXONOMY ming ashore to their destiny: OF THE ZIAN FLAG Convinced that Zing’s shoes, which Taxonomy is the branch of science he was holding high above his head that deals with classification of ob- while wading ashore, had mysteri- jects according to general laws or Figure 6 ously enabled them to liberate the principles. Its best-known applica- Anecdotal evidence indicates country, Zing’s comrades enshrined tion is in the field of biology, in which that it has been used for most the shoes as national historical monu- it is used to infer evolutionary rela- of the Republic’s independent ments at the country’s main religious tionships among organisms based history. However, a graphic shrine near Ziff.11 on their characteristics. Recently, dating to the time of Zian in- Pierre Gay in France and Phillip L. dependence in 1977 (Figure Nelson in the USA have proposed to 9 5) appears to show an early apply a similar concept to flags. 13 variant of the national flag. (This effort is strongly opposed by The image is a black-and- believers in Creationist Vexillology, white drawing showing the who hold that all flags were created flag hanging limp from its at the same time 5,000 years ago by staff; however, it appears to Whitney Smith.) display a white letter “Z” on From a taxonomological stand- Figure 5 a dark background, with the point, the Zian flag possesses two “Z” surrounded by a circle of distinguishing characteristics: white stars. Figure 6 is a conjec- 1. It represents an imaginary tural reconstruction of this historic country Zian flag. Possibly this design was 2. It contains the letter “Z.” adopted temporarily at the time of Figure 7 Extensive research indicates that Zian independence and later re- The “Ancient Arms of Z” only one other known flag possesses placed by the current design for the Source of illustration and blazon: Zian these characteristics: the flag of Oz. National Day Invitation, 29 March 1996 reasons indicated above by Mr. Abell. Figure 8 depicts the Oz flag as illus- While the design would meet the cri- The Arms’ reference to two left trated in the Wogglebug map of terion of being the same when in- shoes, however, is puzzling. Possi- 1920.14 verted, it would require a much bly Zing inadvertently exchanged a larger quantity of beet root juice to shoe with one of his followers. Other manufacture. aspects of the Arms also require fur- THE ARMS OF Z ther research. For example, it is The Zian national arms and offi- surprising that the administrators of cial blazon are shown in Figure 7. the FSI are not more curious about The blazon, while it uses somewhat the identity of the “Zian vegetation.” non-standard terminology, is largely CONCLUSION self-explanatory:10 Figure 8 It would seem appropriate to close The Wogglebug Flag of Oz Field argent; fess, bend sinister this brief survey of Zian symbols by and watchamacallit at the bottom, recording the official Pledge of Alle- (It should be made clear that the purpure: bend hung with a chain, giance to the flag of the Republic: “Oz” referred to here is the kingdom en or, with one weak link. I pledge allegiance to Z flag described in the novels written by L. Dexter: two left shoes, improper. Of the United Integrate Coalesced Frank Baum, Ruth Plumly Thomp- Sinister: itching royal palm. Inseparable and Harmonious Re- son, and others. This is significant Coronet: pith helmet adorned public of Z because there is another land known with Zian vegetation. And to Z Republic for which it as “Oz,” which is reputed to be a Bearers [sic]: smung [sic] boar, waits large island continent in the south- crashant; social lion, redundant. ern hemisphere, populated by fan- —4— July — September 2004 tastic creatures and people who speak with funny accents. There are those who assert that this Oz (the one in the southern hemisphere) is not imaginary. We can safely dis- count this theory: It is simply not credible that things like wombats and platypuses could really exist, or that people would actually walk around saying things like “barby” and “gudday.” The issue is irrelevant in any case, because the latter Oz does not have a “Z” on its flag.) Since there are two flags in the “Imaginary/Letter Z” category, it would appear to be a worthy addition to the scheme developed by Gay and Nelson; presumably as an ad- Figure 9 ditional category in the “Other Flags” taxon. It is to be hoped that further research will establish the appropri- again. However, the memory of Although not addressed in earlier ateness of the Imaginary/Z category Betsy’s painting (which Ross had of accounts, the current proportions of of taxonomological vexillology.15 The course shown to his neighbors be- the Zian flag may furnish a clue as possibility that there may have been fore taking it to the office) lingered to the historicity of the Betsy Zoss an ancestral “missing link” (Figure on, and provided the inspiration for story. As noted in the main text, the 9) between the flags of Z and Oz is the flag that was eventually adopted sample of the flag furnished by the an intriguing prospect. after Zian independence in 1977. FSI had proportions of 17:22, which APPENDIX B The legend of Betsy Zoss was first correspond closely to those of a stan- brought to light in 1966 in a paper dard sheet of white paper. If it could BETSY ZOSS: FACT OR by William Zanby, a great-nephew be established that American-stan- FICTION? of Ross Zoss. In his paper, Zanby dard paper was used in Z in the 19th The legend that Betsy Zoss de- indignantly denied that his family century, the possibility of the signed the flag of Z has been firmly might have been associated with legend’s veracity would be enhanced. entrenched in Zian lore for several anything as ridiculous as the Zian (Note: The information in this ap- decades.16 The essential points of the flag. Historians, however, remain pendix is summarized from an in- legend are as follows: Betsy’s father, divided on the question. On one terview with Mr. Zkandalous Zmith, Ross Zoss, was an employee of the hand, Zanby presented some strong conducted on 1 April 2001 at the Zandorran postal station in Zug in arguments against the legend; for “Bottom Zup” tavern in Rosslyn. the late 19th century. A devoted fa- example 1) there was no Zandorran After being provided with several li- ther, he was in the habit of reading postal station in Zug, so Ross Zoss bations, Mr. Zmith admitted that he to his young daughter to improve her could not have worked there, and 2) was a descendent of Betsy Zoss and education. Among the many works “The Mark of Zorro” was not pub- had intimate knowledge of her his- that he read to her, she was particu- lished until 1924 and could not have tory. He also admitted to having in- larly intrigued by the novel “The been the inspiration for young timate knowledge of the identity of Mark of Zorro” and was fond of imi- Betsy’s artwork in the 19th century. Jack the Ripper, the cause of the tating the slashing motion of carv- On the other side, it has been Reichstag fire, and the location of the ing a “Z” with an imaginary sword. pointed out that 1) Zanby was writ- Iraqi weapons of mass destruction.) One day, while finger painting with ing his paper at a time when the ADDENDUM beet root juice upon a sheet of white Zandorran authorities frowned on After the presentation of this pa- paper, Betsy produced a zip-zip-ZIP expressions of Zian nationalism, and per at NAVA 37, some additional in- image that roughly resembled a let- he might have simply been protect- formation has come to light concern- ter “Z.” ing his family’s reputation, 2) if ing the origins of the Zian flag. When Like many parents, Ross was Zanby really did not wish his family the Zian capital was moved form proud of his daughter’s handiwork, to be associated with the story, he Rosslyn to Zug in 2002, a large num- and displayed it on the wall of his would have had no motive to publi- ber of old government records (some office at the postal station. He was cize it in the first place. Betsy her- dating back to colonial times) were promptly arrested by the Zandorran self was killed in a surfing accident overlooked in a dark corner of the authorities for fomenting Zian na- in 1964, and is not known to have basement, and were not rediscov- tionalism, and neither Ross nor the left any statements about the verac- ered until early in 2004. Two of the incriminating artwork was ever seen ity of the story. Continued on Page 14 —5— NAVA News 37/3 - #183 A FLAG FOR THE HEALING LODGE OF THE SEVEN NATIONS: THE EVOLUTION OF A DESIGN When I received the “Help by Sophie Rault for the change in behavior that Design a Healing Lodge Flag” would enable the person to start e-mail sent by NAVA to its a new life. It is noteworthy that on members in late December the Lodge’s website one can see 2003, I immediately went to the the seven flag poles arranged in a Lodge’s website, in search of “Circle of the Seven Nations”, more information. Right away, which dovetails well with the sym- I was impressed by the work bolism illustrated by the Medicine being accomplished at the Wheel: Seven Nations uniting to Lodge in Spokane, Washington; aid a young person to heal and helping Indian youths to over- change. come the infernal spiral of The symbolism of this flag, drugs and alcohol, and to un- which remained constant dergo a profound change by ac- throughout all my subsequent quiring new life habits. I was proposals, is: immediately enthusiastic The Healing Lodge of The Seven about aiding this organization Nations is dedicated to effecting to create its own flag, and de- change, by rebuilding strength and cided to dedicate myself to this Ms. Harris, on the right in the photo, is shown proudly hope in young people afflicted by venture. displaying the new flag on the first day of its arrival. substance addiction. Hence the Ms. Jennifer Harris, head Note the design on the building. color and symbolic elements of my nurse at The Healing Lodge of flag design reflect the Lodge’s ba- The Seven Nations (HL7N) and cham- dian tribes, crosses touching at a cen- sic values of change, hope, and pion of the flag idea, had initially con- tral point as illustrated. newfound strength. tacted NAVA for design help, specify- Accordingly, my first proposal (1.) Derived from the four traditional sa- ing that the flag should symbolize both consisted of a Medicine Wheel divided cred Indian colors—yellow, red, black, hope and change. To illustrate, Ms. in two halves, arms radiating from the and white—the stylized medicine Harris provided several hints, suggest- center, with the wheel’s upper white wheel symbolizes each person initiat- ing a possible yellow field and specific half resting on a red background, while ing a process of change or healing, Native symbols such as the Medicine the lower black half was contrasted aided and supported by the Seven Na- Wheel. against yellow. I did not use a uniform tions and the Healing Lodge staff—rep- It was then time to start working yellow field, preferring a divided red- resented by the circle—uniting to toward the defined goal: create a flag on-yellow background. The yellow por- achieve that goal. both simple and ‘telling’, while respect- tion represented the hope of the youth An ailing young person (symbolized ing the basic principles of good flag arriving at the Lodge, while red stood by black) arrives at the Healing Lodge design laid out by Ted Kaye in Good in the hope (represented by yellow) of Flag, Bad Flag at (available online at being healed and overcoming sub- www.NAVA.org). stance addiction. The person is trans- In choosing colors I chose the four formed, undergoes a change in behav- traditional sacred Indian hues: yellow, ior (denoted by white), and starts a new red, black and white. The Medicine life (symbolised by red) full of unsus- Wheel seemed a perfect representation pected possibilities. for an organization like HL7N dedi- At first the young person has hope cated to help young people. So I de- of overcoming a problem, then follows cided to use only this symbol, without a treatment which causes a change in adding other Native symbols that the person’s behavior, leading to a fresh would only have increased the com- start in a life marked by new horizons. plexity of the flag. Yellow stands for the hope of heal- My research on Medicine Wheels led Above, Medicine Wheels. ing and change and the confidence that me to crosses used by numerous In- Below, basket design. the staff at the Healing Lodge, through

—6— July — September 2004 their dedication and care, will aid him In this way I arrived at the next set or her to conquer substance addiction. of designs. I didn’t include the central 6B: Same, but with the small black Red signifies the joyous rediscovery of cross in design 3B because I felt the and white cross in the middle. new strength and zest for life in a drug- result would have been too busy (3C). For the designs 6A and 6B, I took free environment. The small central cross denotes the my inspiration from a Native Ameri- A message full of optimism, which I following: A young person, who comes can pattern signifying “Wedding Bas- hope comes across in this flag! to the Healing Lodge suffering from sub- ket, Man/Woman, Cloud Points, This first design found a favorable stance addiction, has the inborn capac- Night/Day and Mountains/Sky”. reception; Ms. Harris wrote, in part, ity to escape addiction; this is shown All of these proposals were pre- “The flag is beautiful and the mean- with the white half of the little central sented by Ms. Harris to the Lodge’s ing wonderful. Thank you for taking cross—a small flame, a spark of hope— Board of Directors in order to choose the time to visit our website and de- embedded in the black area (symboliz- one of the designs, and perhaps sug- sign a stunning flag. I look forward to ing addiction or the young patient). gest some slight modifications to it. working with you.” But I was asked to Several anxious weeks passed ... and change the contour of the Medicine then (after some last-minute delays) Wheel slightly in order to have it closer thanks primarily to the enthusiasm, resemble a traditional design. Ms. Har- skill and tenacity of Ms. Harris, who ris said, “The nurse in me sees the was determined to see this project to radioactive sign in the medicine wheel, fruition, a final decision was made at I wonder if you could cut the lines to the end of April 2004: Proposal 2B was be more of an outline of a traditional unanimously chosen by the Board! medicine wheel?” To illustrate her As with most successful design idea, Ms. Harris sent me two designs, projects, this was a team effort be- “that we use for T-shirts, business tween a designer and a project cham- cards, etc., things that we are used to pion, in this instance separated by seeing. Just so you have an idea of thousands of miles but united by a the kind of designs we typically use.” common dedication to create a flag Right away I noticed with some sat- that would express the hopes and as- isfaction that the colors at the four pirations of the staff of The Healing cardinal points of their Medicine Wheel Lodge of The Seven Nations in simple, were the yellow/red/black/white I had powerful symbols and colors. chosen from the start. And, even At the beginning of May 2004, the though numerous Indian tribes use a project entered its final stage. Ms. Medicine Wheel with a cross whose Harris contacted a NAVA commercial arms radiate from the center—form- member to define Pantone specifica- ing four triangular sections (the sym- Healing Lodge designs tions for the red and yellow hues, de- bol for radioactivity only has three) used on tee shirts, ciding on Old Glory Red (Pantone 193) that impart a certain visual dynamism business cards, etc. and a medium yellow (Pantone 116). to the cross—I abandoned this con- Twelve 3 x 5 foot grommeted flags were cept and restarted work, orienting my When the person is healed and leaves ordered and delivered to the Lodge efforts toward a Medicine Wheel with the Lodge, there always remains a cer- within a few weeks. a ‘straight’ cross. tain fragility—shown by the black half The flag was officially inaugurated Inspired by the Medicine Wheel used of the small cross in the white area on June 30, 2004 in a special cer- at the Lodge, I created a number of (symbolizing change or the rehabili- emony, after which the new flag new designs (see centerfold chart): tated youngster)—a reminder to stay proudly took its place amid the stan- 2A: Straight cross alone. ever-vigilant and avoid relapsing into dards of Seven Nations: Coeur d’Alene, 3A: Straight cross with “V” on the previous bad life habits. Colville, Kalispel, Kootenai, Nez Perce, edges of the cross. In addition, noticing that the HL7N Spokane, and Umatilla. 3B: Same, but with bigger “V”. logo had a relatively thick cross while This article would not be complete 4: Straight cross with “T” on the mine was comparatively more delicate, without expressing my heartfelt edges of the cross. I made additional proposals: thanks to Ms. Jennifer Harris for the But one can say the middle of the 5A: Bigger straight cross, with “T” help she provided during the entire medicine wheel looks quite “empty”… patterns from the edges of the process of creating this new flag. Her so the little cross in the center of the cross to the external circle. determination, perseverance and en- HL7N logo could perfectly well be 5B: Same, but with the small black thusiasm were contagious and were placed in the center of my designs, all and white cross in the middle. key ingredients in the success of this the more so because this central sym- 6A: Wide, straight cross with differ- project. bol is widely used at the Lodge, even ent patterns on the edges of the Together then, let’s wish to OUR flag sculpted on building walls. external circle. ‘Long life!’

—7— 1

2A 6B

3A 6A

2B: Adopted as the official flag of the Healing Lodge of the Seven Nations, Spokane, Washington. 3B 5B

3C 5A NAVA NEWS #183 All images © 2004 Sophie Rault Volume 37 Number 3 Except Official Flag of the HL7N July-September 2004 4A © 2004 HL7N ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NAVA News 37/3 - #183 THE SUN AND STARS The Story of the Philippines Flag By Zach Harden

Preface refused to be subjects of the King of For over a century, a distinctive Spain. On August 30, the flag saw flag has represented the Philippine battle with the Spanish at San Juan nation. But the story of national flags de Monte, one of the first major in the Philippines goes back even battles of the Philippine Revolution. further. From the first flags created Soon, however, the Katipunan during the revolution against became divided into two factions. Spanish rule in the late 1800s to the Many other flags created by the The first was the Magdiwang, under many variants of today’s flag, they Katipunan were used as battle flags the Katipunan’s leader, Andres show the spirit of a people and their or as standards of generals. The flag Bonifacio. determination to keep their own flag known as “Bungo ni Llanera,” or The Magdalo faction of the flying over an independent “Llanera’s Skull,” was used by Katipunan was led by Emilio Philippine nation. General Llanera and his troops in Aguinaldo, a town mayor and a First Flags of the Philippines battle. The flag saw action in the much more successful leader in The Philippines came under Philippine provinces of Bulacan, battle than Bonifacio. In the city of Spanish rule in the 16th century, the Tarlac, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija. Kawit in 1896, the Magdalo adopted age of world exploration and That flag had a black background its first flag. It was red with a white conquest. For over 300 years the with a white K at the hoist and a eight-rayed sun. In the center of the Spanish flag flew over the skull and crossbones at the fly. sun was a white K, written in the Philippines. It was not until the rise A version created in 1895 by old Philippine alphabet. After the of Philippine nationalism in the late General Pio del Pilar can be adoption of the flag, a variant was 1800s that there arose the need for considered a predecessor to the flown with the circle of the sun a flag representing the Philippines. current national flag of the outlined in black and the K also in Many flags were created during black. this time, mostly standards of The Katipunan adopted a new parties involved in Philippine flag on March 17, 1897, a sun on independence or the personal flags a red flag. The sun on this flag was of leaders involved in that struggle. similar to the current design used The first such flag flown in the on the Philippine flag, and had a Philippines represented a group human face. called the Katipunan, Filipino for The last flag known to be created association or society. Benita before the American conquest is Rodriguez, assisted by Gregoria de that of General Gregorio del Pilar, Jesus, the wife of the Katipunan’s the “Boy General.” The flag was red leader Andres Bonifacio, created over black with a blue triangle at the flag. It was red with KKK in white Philippines. It had a white triangle the hoist. This flag, patterned after in the center, representing the full on a red background, with three Ks the flag of Cuba, was flown during name of the society: “Kataastaasang at each corner of the triangle, and the Battle of Tirad Pass on Ilocos Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng in the center an eight-rayed sun Sur, when del Pilar bravely Mga Anak ng Bayan”, or “Highest rising over a mountain. confronted American troops trying to Most Venerable Societies of the Sons The founder and leader of the capture his leader, General Emilio of the Nation”. Katipunan had a personal flag with Aguinaldo. The “Boy General” died Other members of the Katipunan a white sixteen-ray sun over three defending the pass on December 2, had different variants of the flag. It white Ks on a red background. On 1899 at the age of 24. American had the same basic design, except August 23, 1896, this flag was first soldiers paid tribute to his heroism. the Ks were in different positions or flown in the city of Kalookan when The National Flag of the differed in number. Two of the most Filipinos tore up their residence Philippines common have three Ks in a triangle cedulas cards, or their , as their General Emilio Aguinaldo created formation or only one K in the center. declaration that henceforth they the current flag of the Philippines in —10— July — September 2004 1897. It was intended to represent all of the Philippines, not factions. At that time, the Spanish still controlled the Philippines, so the flag was created in secret by exiled Filipino leaders in Hong Kong. The first flag was sewn in silk by Mrs. Marcela Marino de Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Mrs. Delfina Herbosa de Natividad, the niece of Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero. The flag was sewn in five days and raised on June 12, 1898 at the mansion of General Aguinaldo (in Kawit in the province Construction Sheet of the Philippines Flag of Cavite) after the Philippine of every government building, the July 4th, 1946, American Declaration of Independence was American and Philippine flags flew Independence Day also became read. side by side to show the growing Philippine Independence Day when By the time the Spanish left the friendship of Filipinos and the American flag was lowered for Philippines, Filipinos were flying this Americans. In 1933, the United the last time in the Philippine flag over a new Republic of the States passed a law saying it would Islands. Philippines; the first in Asia. But the grant the Filipinos independence in The Philippines flag has two equal Philippine Republic was short lived. 1944, and in 1935 established a horizontal bars, blue over red. At the Spain and the United States signed government to prepare for hoist a white triangle extends to the the Treaty of Paris ending the independence, the Commonwealth center of the flag. At each corner of Spanish-American War on December of the Philippines. the triangle is a gold star, 10, 1898. Part of the document During World War II, the Japanese representing Luzon, Visayas, and handed the Philippines over to the invaded and occupied the Mindanao, the three main islands in United States in return for 20 million Philippines. The Filipino flag flew the Philippines. In the center of the American dollars. War soon broke alongside the United States flag in triangle is a sun with eight rays, out between American forces and the Pacific War Council and the representing the eight provinces first their former Filipino allies. American Commonwealth of the Philippines put under martial law by Spain history calls this the Philippine was admitted into the United during the Philippines Revolution; Insurrection, while Filipinos call it Nations. Filipinos and Americans Bulacan, Batangas, Manila, Laguna, the Filipino-American war. fought together and helped defeat Cavite, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, and On April 1, 1901, then-President the Japanese invaders and the Zambales. Emilio Aguinaldo of the Philippines German aggressors in Europe. On The Philippines was still a gave up his struggle and swore commonwealth of the United States allegiance to the USA. On December when the official design of the 21,1903 President Theodore Philippines flag was made legal; Roosevelt declared that the military President Manuel L. Quezon codified gained control of the Philippines. The the exact shape and design of the Filipino flag was banned under the flag. The colors have been Sedition Act of August 23, 1907. traditional, but their exact shade has After the Sedition Act was passed, changed from time to time. The only the United States flag flew over official proportions are 1:2. Flag the Philippines, which became in makers are required by law to send effect a colony of the United States. in a copy of the flag to make sure In World War I, Filipinos sent they are using the construction soldiers to fight side by side with sheet and color code correctly. Americans in Europe as proof of The Philippines also has its own their loyalty to America. In part to code of usage: the Flag and Heraldic thank the Filipinos for their Code of the Philippines approved as commitment to the fight for Republic Act Number 8491 on democracy, the Philippines flag was February 12, 1998. made legal again on October 30, Section 25 of the code specifies the 1919, and that day was celebrated Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine as Flag Day until the eve of World Philippine Independence Ceremony, July flag: War II. From 1919 to 1941, in front 4th, 1946 —11— NAVA News 37/3 - #183 Ako ay Pilipino Buong katapatang nanunumpa Sa watawat ng Pilipinas At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang Maka-Diyos Maka-tao Makakalikasan at Makabansa. In English: I am a Filipino And with all valor do pledge To the flag of the Philippines And to the Nation it represents Honorable, Just and Free For whom we strive to be Respectful of God Respectful of each other Respectful of the Environment And Patriotic. It further states that “Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand with palm open raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making such pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the pledge is being rendered by Philippines from Spain was formally Credits standing at attention.” proclaimed on June 12, 1898 and Philippine Historical Flags: Flags of the Philippine flag was raised. In the World Website: 1899, the poet José Palma wrote Other Symbols of the Philippines http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/ words for the anthem in Spanish. In Coat of Arms ph-histo.html The coat of arms is the symbol of 1919, a young educator, Camilo Embassy in the Philippines in the government of the Philippines. Osias, translated the words into Canberra, Australia: It became official when the English. In the 1940s, the words http:// Philippines achieved independence were translated into the Filipino www.philembassy.au.com/ on July 4, 1946. It represents the language, and by the 1950s, Philippine flag, and the ties of history Filipinos regularly sang their Filipino lyrics officially translated and friendship between Filipinos and national anthem in their own from the Spanish lyrics of Jose those that used to rule them. It has language. Today, the Philippine Palma by Surian ng Wikang the sun, stars, and colors of the national anthem is called “Lupang Pambansa (Institute of National Philippine flag, and the bald eagle of Hinirang” or “Land of the Morning.” Language); the United States and the lion of http://www.msc.edu.ph/ Spain. Recently, the law was National Motto centennial/marcha.html changed to remove the eagle and The national motto of the Flag drawing by Eric Agoncillo lion, but the government has not yet Philippines is: “MAKA-DIYOS, Ambata. removed them. MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA” or “Pro-God, Pro- Photographs of ceremonies, corrections, and construction The National Anthem - Lupang People, Pro-Environment and Patriotic,” but it is hardly ever used. sheet provided by Manuel Hinirang Quezon III. The national anthem of the Philippines was originally composed Zach Harden of Havelock, North Carolina, has been a NAVA Member by Julian Felipe as a march, with since 2001. He recently attained the rank of Eagle Scout, for which no words. It was titled “Marcha we congratulate him. We encourage you to correspond with him at Nacional de Filipinas,” and first [email protected] about flags. played when the independence of the —12— July — September 2004 THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM “Lupang Hinirang” or “Land of the Morning”

Original Spanish version: English version: Filipino Version: Tierra adorada Land of the morning, Bayang magiliw, Hija del sol de Oriente Child of the sun returning, Perlas ng Silanganan Su fuego ardiente en ti latiendo With fervor burning, Alab ng puso, esta. Thee do our souls adore. Sa Dibdib mo’y buhay. Patria de amores! Land dear and holy, Lupang Hinirang, Del heroismo cuna, Cradle of noble heroes, Duyan ka ng magiting, Los invasores Ne’er shall invaders Sa manlulupig, No te hallarán jamás. Trample thy sacred shore. Di ka pasisiil. En tu azul cielo, en tus auras, Ever within thy skies and Sa dagat at bundok, En tus montes y en tu mar through thy clouds Sa simoy at sa langit Esplende y late el poema And o’er thy hills and sea, mong bughaw, De tu amada libertad. Do we behold the radiance, feel May dilag ang tula, Tu pabellón, que en las lides the throb, At awit sa paglayang minamahal. La victoria ilumino Of glorious liberty. Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y No vera nunca apagados Thy banner, dear to all our hearts, Tagumpay na nagniningning, Sus estrellas y su sol. Its sun and stars alight, Ang bituin at araw niya, Tierra de dichas del sol y O never shall its shining field Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim, amores, Be dimmed by tyrant’s might! Lupa ng araw ng luwalhati’t En tu regazo dulce es vivir. Beautiful land of love, pagsinta, Es una gloria para tus hijos, O land of light, Buhay ay langit sa piling mo, Cuando de ofenden, por ti morir. In thine embrace ’tis rapture to lie, Aming ligaya na pag may mang- But it is glory ever, when thou art aapi, wronged, Ang mamatay ng dahil sa iyo. For us, thy sons to suffer and die.

NAVA NEWS & RAVEN ATTENTION: ARE NOW INDEXED! CANADIAN Carita Culmer and Annie make this index as accurate and Platoff, both professional comprehensive as possible, but MEMBERS OF NAVA librarians, have made NAVA’s flag there are bound to be some errors http://www.vancouver2010. research more readily available to or omissions. If you find mistakes, com/GettingInvolved/emblem/ all interested vexillophiles. please note the publication (NAVA Default.htm No more thumbing through News or Raven), date or volume, The above URL is for the page after page, issue after issue, and page. Send corrections to competition to design the emblem looking for that article you know [email protected]. for the 2010 Vancouver Winter you saw, but can’t remember One more thing: Will it be Olympic Games. As long as one when. Sign on to http:// possible to request copies of is a Canadian citizen and/or www.nava.org/nnraven/, and try articles listed in the index? If so, out our new index! what charges will be assessed for resident, one can enter. Look up your own name, and copying and mailing? At this point, This emblem will appear on make sure all of your own we cannot predict the demand for flags, medals, merchandise, etc. published articles are correctly copying services. The index has According to the site, the listed. not yet gone public beyond you, winner will get C$25,000 and Look up your favorite flag topic our members. Feedback from you tickets to the opening Ceremony. and see how much (or how little) will be passed along to the Editorial Dean Thomas is there. Board and the Executive Board for Every effort has been made to their consideration. —13— NAVA News 37/3 - #183 Z Continued from Page 5 clerks assigned to clean out the trash, Peter Zartucci and David Zorenski, discovered a battered folder labeled “Zoss” which proved to be the personnel file of Betsy Zoss’s father, Ross Zoss. Most of the file’s contents were of little interest (personnel evaluations, etc.). However, it contained two photographs (Figures 10 and 11) which, despite their poor quality, may shed some new light on the veracity of the Zoss legend. We can only speculate about why these were placed in Zoss’s file. Possibly the Zandorran authorities saved them as evidence of his supposed nationalistic lean- ings. ENDNOTES Figures 10 and 11 Photo prints discovered in the Personnel File of Ross Zoss, 2004 1 “Foreign Service Institute”, US Source: P. Zartucci and D. Zorenski Department of State web site, www.state.gov/m/fsi, visited 5 July 2003. Photo courtesy of the Asso- ciation for Diplomatic Studies and Training (ADST), www.adst.org. Special thanks to Ms. Veda Engel of ADST for granting permission to use this photograph. 2 “New consular training facility simulates actual setting.” Depart- ment of State Newsletter, April 1977, no. 189, pp. 2-3. Hereinafter cited as “Newsletter.” For an interesting look at how the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks have affected the training program, see Calvin Wood- ward, “New Visa Rules May Not Halt key documents and information. version is rendered entirely in the Risks,” Associated Press, 11 July Letter, Mr. Maloney to the author, 15 lower case. An item in the invita- 2002 (online at www.softcom.net/ April 2003. tion states: “please note: budget webnews/wed/dv/Avisa- 5 “[Zandorra is] a small European realities have led to the furlough of school.Rykk_ClB.html, visited 23 country located in the Zyrenees all nonessential upper case letters.” April 2003). Mountains, which explains the in- 13 “Flag Classification Taxonomy” 3 “A Banner Day for the Nation of competence of Zandorran naval ex- developed by Pierre Gay and Phillip Z; Diplomats-in-Training Celebrate plorers.” Briefing Book, p. 3 Nelson. This paper was formerly the State Department’s Fictional 6 Briefing Book, p. 4 posted on the web in both English Country.” The Washington Post, 30 7 Letter from Mr. David Abell to and French, but is currently only March 1996. the author, 26 April 1996 available in French at http:// 4 The information in this section 8 Maloney letter, loc. cit. perso.wanadoo.fr/pierre.gay/ is summarized from Briefing Book – 9 Newsletter, p. 2 PagesFra/Taxinom.htm. See also Republic of Z published by the FSI. 10 The figure and blazon are re- Don Healy, “Evolutionary (Hereinafter cited as “Briefing Book.”) produced from an invitation to the Vexillography: One Flag’s Influence This document is not dated, but con- Zian independence day celebration in Modern Design”, Raven vol. 1, tains internal references to events of 29 March 1996. The original is 1994, pp. 41-64 that occurred as recently as 2002. printed in black ink on purple pa- 14 Prof. T. E. Wogglebug, A Map Special thanks to Mr. Steve Maloney, per, which explains the low contrast of the Marvelous Land of Oz, Chicago: Coordinator of Consular Training at of the image. Reilly & Britton, 1920. the FSI, for providing the author a 11 Briefing Book, p. 4 15 Say that five times, fast! copy of the briefing book and other 12 Invitation, loc cit. The original 16 Abell letter, loc. cit. —14— July — September 2004 XX ICV Proceedings Now Available

Thanks to the diligent work of edi- © 2004 Michael Faul tor Dr. Jan Oskar Engene over the past year, the proceedings of the 20th International Congress of Vexillology are available on CD-ROM. They contain 30 papers presented at the Stockholm congress (plus other related materials) in 589 pages of text and color images. All but one paper is in English, and several Chumley the Vexi-Gorilla™ NAVA members are represented, in- ... Is the creation of Michael Faul, editor of often blessed by humor’s grace, Mr Faul brings a cluding Mason and Ted Kaye, who Flagmaster, the distinguished journal of the Flag delightfully light touch, deep vexillological roots, Institute in the United Kingdom. To a field not and sparkling whimsy. jointly won the flag manufacturer’s award for best papers. The produc- NAVA News tion values are extremely high, and Published quarterly by the North the contents are formatted to print American Vexillological Association out like a hard-copy book. To order (NAVA), PMB 225, 1977 N Olden Ave Ext, the CD, send US$25 in cash to Jan Trenton NJ 08618-2193 USA. ISSN 1053- Oskar Engene, Frydenbolien 24, NO- 3338. Material appearing in NAVA News 5161 Laksevag, Norway, or contact does not necessarily reflect the policy or opinion of NAVA, the executive board, or him at [email protected] for the editor. bank transfer information. No Please send articles, letters to the edi- checks or money orders. Another Member’s Flag tor, and inquiries concerning advertising Mr. John F. Messner, MA, of Manches- rates and permission to reprint articles ter , United Kingdom has sent in the in- to: David Martucci, Editor formation about his personal flag. 240 Calderwood Rd The forward facing blue arrow repre- To the Editor, Washington ME 04574-3440 USA sents forward thinking and progressive (207) 845-2857 Congratulations for the last values, but with roots from the knowledge Nava News 37/1, but there is a [email protected] and teachings of history. The three white Articles may be submitted in hard copy mistake about the flag of stars represent my philosophy of life. or in any Macintosh or PC format (except- Brussels. The emblem is fully Blue is for truth and loyalty. It is also a ing Lotus Word Pro) on 3.5” diskettes, yellow; socialists and liberals did color of the state of Michigan, where I was CDR, or Zip disks. A hard copy showing not want the cross to appear on born. The yellow field represents gener- all formatting preferences should accom- the flag. The flag is often used osity, is a color of Lancashire, England pany the disk. Articles and/or disks ac- companied by a SASE will be returned. longer than wider. where I currently reside. The flag, when viewed vertically, re- NAVA solicits annual bids for format- All the best veals an “M”, which both reflects my sur- ting, layout, and printing of its publica- Michel Lupant name and the state where I was born. tions. Please write to the address below Ottignies, Belgium The arrow motif is also used in the for more information. [email protected] Achievement of Arms of the County of Please send copies or originals of any flag-related newspaper and magazine Lancashire, England. clippings and all non-NAVA News-related Dimensions: 3 x 5 correspondence, including change of ad- NAVA offers its members a registry of dress or changes in email status to the their personal or organizational flags as Association’s permanent address: a service. Please send a line drawing, NAVA sketch or other illustration or a photo- PMB 225 graph for inclusion in the Registry, along 1977 N Olden Ave Ext with its meaning and symbolism to: Trenton NJ 08618-2193 USA NAVA Member Personal Flag Registry, [email protected] PMB 225, 1977 N Olden Ave Ext, Tren- ton NJ 08618-2193 USA. Graphics and Visit NAVA on the web at The flag of the City of Brussels. Red photographs in GIF or JPG format may http://www.nava.org/ over green with a gold silhouette be emailed to [email protected]. ©2004 NAVA - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED emblem. —15— NAVA News 37/3 - #183 VEXILOBAIRES 2005 X X I I C V BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA 1-5 AUGUST 2005

Next year an International gress, has been working very hard will provide a substantial list). Congress of Vexillology will be creating an event which will equal Buenos Aires, a cosmopolitan city held in South America for the or exceed past ICVs. with a population of over 12 million, very first time. The Interdisci- The Congress will begin with reg- is the nation’s capital and offers a plinary Center for Cultural istration and a welcome reception rremendous array of tourism oppor- Studies (CIDEC Foundation of the evening of 31 July. It will open tunities. Argentina) will host an excit- officially in a ceremony the morn- The deadline for submitting paper ing 21st ICV in Buenos Aires, ing of 1 August, with a local regi- proposals (title and abstract) to the Argentina, 1—5 August, 2005, mental band performing. Over the organizing committee is 1 May 2005. co-sponsored by the next five days, delegates will hear For those papers accepted, the dead- Asociación Argentina de over 30 papers (1/2 hour each), par- line for submission of the full text Vexilología (Argentine ticipate in the FIAV General Assem- and images (in electronic form) is 1 Vexillological Association). bly, and enjoy the closing ceremony June 2005. For more information, This is the biennial annual and formal-dress gala reception the e-mail Prof. Aníbal Gotelli, president meeting of the International evening of 5 August. They will tour of the Organizing Comittee, at: Federation of Vexillological the main sights of Buenos Aires, the [email protected]. Associations (FIAV), and the nearby historic city of Lujan (all day Please consider attending and opportunity for flag scholars on 3 August), and other vexillological strengthening the NAVA contingent from around the world to enjoy one attractions and flag exhibitions. in our own hemisphere! Until the another’s scholarship and company. Special tours for accompanying per- Congress website is up and running, Please plan to attend the Congress, sons are planned during the times contact Gus Tracchia, NAVA’s liai- which will take place in the “Centro papers are presented. son to the Organizing Committee Cultural Recoleta” in the fashionable After the Congress ends, an op- with your questions (gustracc@ and historic Recoleta neighborhood. tional full-day tour on Saturday, 6 aol.com, 718-847-2616). Watch the The registration fee will be US$300 August will visit the city of Rosario, NAVA website for more information (with reduced fees for accompany- birthplace of the Argentine flag. . ing persons and those under 21); The organizers recommend mak- The flag of XXI ICV, designed by Pascal Gross. however, the fee will be US$250 for ing travel plans to arrive no later A 2:3 field divided into two vertical stripes: registrations received before 31 than mid-day on Sunday, 31 July, white to the hoist and sky-blue to the fly. A March 2005. The organizing com- and to depart on or after Sunday, 7 “figured” heraldic sun (with a human face) of mittee, having accepted an acceler- August. The many hotels near the sixteen straight rays alternating with sixteen ated schedule last year after Malta Congress venue range in price to fit flaming rays, representing Argentina, is centered on the white stripe; a plain knot had to postpone hosting the Con- any budget (the Congress website displayed vertically on the sky-blue stripe represents FIAV. Some websites to visit: Buenos Aires: http://www.bue.gov.ar Recoleta: http://recoleta.8k.com/ Centro Cultural: http://www.centroculturalrecoleta.org/ The first Argentine CIDEC: http://www.funcidec.org.ar coin, minted in Buenos Aires Flag: http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/ar-bueba.html 1813, provided the Band: http://www.patricios.mil.ar/ model for the sun Lujan: http://www.lujanargentina.com/html/thbasilica.htm, on Argentina’s http://www.lujanargentina.com/html/thmuseo.htm war flag and Rosario: http://www.bunkerciros.com.ar/galerias/monumento/ ensign. —16—