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2011 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Summary Published October 2011 Copyright © 2011 Mo Ibrahim Foundation

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2011 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Summary Published October 2011 Copyright © 2011 Mo Ibrahim Foundation 2011 Ibrahim Index of African Governance Summary 2011 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Summary published October 2011 copyright © 2011 Mo Ibrahim Foundation The Mo Ibrahim Foundation is committed to making data on governance quality in Africa freely available and accessible to all citizens of the continent and interested stakeholders. We welcome and encourage any accurate reproduction, translation and dissemination of this material. The material must be attributed to the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, but not in any way that suggests that the Foundation endorses you or your use of the material. We also welcome any feedback and comments on the Ibrahim Index. To request additional copies of this or other publications, to provide feedback or to discuss use of the Ibrahim Index please email [email protected] Printed and bound in Swindon, England Designed and typeset by Text Matters (www.textmatters.com) Data used in the 2011 Ibrahim Index are from 2000 to 2010, prior to South Sudan’s secession from Sudan. Foreword—2 About the Ibrahim Index—3 Structure of the Index—4 Methodology—6 Ibrahim Index: from raw data to final scores—7 Overall Country Results—8 Key Findings—10 Country Case Studies—11 Category Results—13 Safety and Rule of Law—14 Participation and Human Rights—17 Sustainable Economic Opportunity—20 Human Development—23 Data Providers—26 Indicators—27 Appendix 1: Executive Elections in Africa—31 Appendix 2: Ibrahim Index Timeline (2007–2011)—32 Project Team—33 Acknowledgements—34 About the Mo Ibrahim Foundation—35 Centre-spread pull-out page: 2011 Ibrahim Index of African Governance Country Rankings and Scores Foreword We are pleased to present the 2011 Ibrahim We are also continuing to refine the structure Index of African Governance. of the Index. The growing consensus around In a year when governance has dominated physical infrastructure as a crucial tool for global as well as African headlines we hope that development – which I have seen first-hand the findings of the 2011 Ibrahim Index will help through my participation in the G20 High Level to establish a constructive basis towards the Panel for Infrastructure Investment – has been achievement of an increasingly peaceful and reflected in the inclusion of new indicators. prosperous Africa. Similarly, we have enhanced our assessment of soft infrastructure (telecoms and IT) to reflect The findings of the 2011 Index present a their political dividends. The Foundation is Dr Mo Ibrahim complex yet hopeful picture for African also working to improve our assessment of Founder and Chair of the governance. An optimistic story is emerging Mo Ibrahim Foundation sustainable economic opportunities. We are 2 from our continent’s successes. A clear link can particularly focused on capturing the inclusivity be observed between a balanced, equitable and sustainability of the economic programmes 2011 IBRAH2011 and inclusive approach to all categories of “We hope that pursued by governments. Sound economic governance and national progress. These management must be about equity as well the findings of findings strongly challenge the narrative that as growth. supposes governments should pick and choose I the 2011 Ibrahim M INDEX OF which areas to focus on at the expense of But the patchiness of data concerning Africa Index will help others as a natural and unavoidable trade-off of continues to be a major challenge in the to establish a leadership. The events of this year have clearly compilation of the Index. The Foundation is constructive shown the possible consequences of a skewed working on a number of projects to help fill A focus that selectively denies citizens some of some of these gaps as well as advocating for FR basis towards the public goods and services they are entitled all stakeholders to focus attention on this I CAN GOVERNANCE: SUMMARY achieving an to expect. The dramatic progress being made by crucial issue. increasingly countries embracing the whole basket of public Whatever the issue, we continue to welcome peaceful and goods and services are also examples that other feedback to ensure that the Index is the countries might find useful. most robust, relevant and user-friendly prosperous assessment possible. Africa.” We are delighted to see the evident economic growth across Africa but we are concerned We have also this year seen the birth of two about the stagnation, and in many cases new African states, South Sudan and Sudan, the reversal, in the rule of law and citizens’ born from the split of former Sudan. In the 2011 rights. We sounded alarm bells last year Index which covers the period 2000 to 2010, concerning this issue. If economic progress is Sudan is assessed throughout as a single entity. not translated into better quality of life and Moving forward, the Foundation will endeavour respect for citizens’ rights, we will witness to include the two new entities of Sudan and more Tahrir Squares in Africa. South Sudan in the Index as soon as data In 2011 we have continued the process are available. of engaging the wider African academic The Ibrahim Index is a collaborative project, community through a workshop in Dakar, made possible by tireless work and dedication. hosted jointly by the Foundation and My particular gratitude goes to the Index CODESRIA. Furthermore, we have begun two team at the Foundation. Our special advisor, major projects that will both significantly Dr Daniel Kaufmann, co-producer of the improve the quality and availability of data that Worldwide Governance Indicators and senior can be used to assess governance, and further fellow at the Brookings Institution, as well as entrench African ownership of the Index. We the Technical Committee and the Advisory are supporting the expansion of Afrobarometer Council, have added greatly to the Index. in order to increase the number of African The 23 organisations which provide the data countries in which the organisation collects are essential partners and, last but not least, citizens’ views on a wide range of social and I particularly want to thank the Foundation’s economic issues. With Global Integrity Trust, two African institutional partners: the African we are building a network of experts across Development Bank and the United Nations Africa to provide assessments of key issues Economic Commission for Africa. from an African perspective. We hope these contributions will go some way towards filling the many gaps to be found in data on Africa. About the Ibrahim Index Established in 2007, the Ibrahim Index is the most comprehensive 2011 IbraHim IndeX COuntrY rankings collection of quantitative data that provides an annual assessment of governance performance in every African country. Rank Score (out of 100) 1st Mauritius 82 The Ibrahim Index 2nd Cape Verde 79 is funded and led by an African institution. 3rd Botswana 76 is Africa’s leading assessment of governance. 4th Seychelles 73 provides a framework and tools for citizens, public authorities and 5th South Africa 71 partners to assess progress in governance. 6th Namibia 70 compiles 86 indicators grouped into 14 sub-categories and four 7th Ghana 66 overarching categories to measure the effective delivery of public 8th Lesotho 63 goods and services to African citizens (see pp.4–5 for full structure of 9th Tunisia 62 the Index). 10th Egypt 61 3 uses indicators from 23 data providers. 11th Benin 60 2011 IBRAH2011 is made up of over 40,000 raw data points. 12nd São Tomé and Príncipe 58 13rd Tanzania 58 14th Morocco 58 Partnerships 15th Senegal 57 I The Ibrahim Index is currently compiled in partnership with an Advisory 16th Zambia 57 M INDEX OF Council and a Technical Committee that include experts from a range of 17th Malawi 57 African institutions (see p.33 for Project Team). 18th Algeria 55 The Foundation is also working with Afrobarometer and Global Integrity 19th Burkina Faso 55 20th Uganda 55 South Africa. A 21st Mozambique 55 FR Through partnership with the Mo Ibrahim Foundation and other donors, I 22nd Mali 54 CAN GOVERNANCE: SUMMARY Afrobarometer (which is managed from the Centre for Democratic 23rd Kenya 53 Development Ghana) will be expanding its citizen surveys to cover over 24th Gambia 52 two thirds of African countries, creating the first pan-African databank 25th Rwanda 52 of citizens’ views and voices on a range of governance issues. 26th Swaziland 51 The Foundation will support the Global Integrity Trust (based in 27th Gabon 51 South Africa) to recruit a network of experts in every African country 28th Libya 50 to provide assessments of key social, economic and political indicators; 29th Djibouti 49 those indicators will eventually feed into and bolster the Ibrahim Index. 30th Sierra Leone 48 This is part of the Foundation’s commitment to further entrench the 31st Comoros 47 continent’s ownership of governance issues and to improve the quality and 32nd Mauritania 47 33rd Madagascar 47 availability of data on Africa. 34th Ethiopia 46 The 2011 Ibrahim Index 35th Togo 46 36th Liberia 45 The 2011 Ibrahim Index includes new indicators in the following areas: 37th Burundi 45 physical and telecommunications infrastructure; gender; health; welfare 38th Cameroon 45 service provision; and economic management. 39th Niger 44 40th Congo 42 Data 41st Nigeria 41 The Ibrahim Index is currently compiled using various international and 42nd Angola 41 African sources. Many crucial indicators of governance, such as poverty, 43rd Guinea 38 could not be included as the data are not sufficiently comprehensive. The 44th Guinea-Bissau 37 45th
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