ESTIMATED POPULATION BY CASTES~I 1951
8. MADRAS
UJftce oj the Registrar (Jenera!, India MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA INTRODUC XI ON·:
1 • In pursuance o£ Government policy there . was limited enumeration and tabulation 6f··castes in 1951 Census. Even in the case of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Glasses, the :figures of each caste wore not separately extracted; only the group totals were ascertained. Tho Backward Classes Commission require the figures of population of· each,individual
ca~te. In order assist them an estlma'te of population .< to. of each caste 1n 1951 has beeo made 00 the basis of the figures of the previous Censuses. 2. The figures have been presented In four ""'tables (1) Scheduled Cas"tes, Hindus only (1i) . Scheduled Tribes (1i.1) Non-Backward Clas,ses, Hindus and Muslims. separately (Iv) Other Castes ,·H:tndus and Muslims separately. Some
minor adjus,:trn~:nts have ,he'en made in' ·the estimated figures of Scheduled Castes, in order to make the totals tally "wi'Ph the .1951 Census' totals of that group. :3 .- No caste-wise ·,.figures arc availablo for 1&41 Census. ·The ta_l>les of 1941 Census give !1gures .£or only a few selected castes and these also for a tew selected districts. 4. Extracts from previous Censuses Reports explaining 'the ·oaUso. for varintions· in the ti~ure,s , i of individual caste have been given. in an Appendix.
----- ... --~...,_-...... - ...... - ....~ --..... - -2-
TABLE I .. SCHSDq~D CASTES
1. ' The rlgures, given in this Table relate to the terr~tory of Madras (before the creat'ion of Andhra State) which includes the former princely stntes of Banganapalle, Pudukkottai and Sandur.
2. The table presents the figures of 77 c~stes as specified in the President's Order of 1950. The population of each caste given in this table refers only to the population of Hindu.s. 3. Column 5 of the table gives the estimated population in 1951. This has been determined by applying the percentage incr(;ase of the genoral population of the state to the latest available census figures of each caste '. The total of the estimated popUlation in 1951 of these castes shows a small excess ,over the ~51 census totals of Scheduled Castes. The estimated fit.ures of the population of each caste have been adjusted in order to make the total population/tally. with the enumerated total popu1atlon of 1951.
======%.@LE 1- ~ Pbpulat10n 'or.. Scheduled c.astos (r,;c:rtif'1od llr , .~ai.dollt' ~ O1t-der, 19!Q) in tM C(tl18USeS ..... - Wll"",W31 and,' c!lt1matod populat1m in 1961.
~
**************************************************************.*~*****~ Estimated Name of Caste Population 'in population Remarks -1911 ~ 1921 I 1931 1951. 1 2 ~ 3 t 4 5 6 -~ 1. Ad1 Andhra * * 649,407 783,538, 2. Ad! .Drav!da * 50 ,015 l,619,227 1,953 ,669 3. Ad! Karnataka * * 644 777 4. Ajl1a * * 659 79€? 5. Aruntl+athlyar * * 17,396 20,989 6. Balra * * 1.)879 2,266 7. Bakuda If!: * 806 972 8. Band1 2,384 2,502 553 667 9. Bar1ki * * 3,695 4,459 a 10. .6avuri 1,560 2,181 42,81b ) 2,894 , 11. Ballara 191 29 87 105 12. Byagar1 '* ' , * 8,459 10,206 13 .. ~Chachat1 * * 5,130 6,l90 14. Chakkil1yan 526,45~ 549,807 606,715 732,101 15. Chnlavad1 * * 3,422 4,129 26. Chamar 710 1,30l 140 169 1'7. Chandala 1,748: :'1,270 2,113 2,549 18 • "'Cheruman , 255,395.' .248 ,397 214,878 259,260 I" ~9. Dandas1 45,274 41,768 ,44,248 53 ,387 I I 20~ Devendrakulathan ' . . * * 4,019 4,849 I 21. Dom or Dombara 116.,939 186,751 114,189 137,774 Pa1d!, Pano 22. Ghasi or Heddi, 49,673 44,936 47,753 'l57,616 Rel11 Baohand1 23. Godaga11 * * 969 '1,169 24'.' Godari 2-,246 1,493 419 506 , 25. Godda * . * l46 l76 26. Gosan,g1 * * 244 .295 21 .. Hasla '468 351 368 444
~~.~ ~r____ - * =-== __**e::t = :0 s ::
28 .. Ho].eyo - 136 .. l.O'6 Q~~5E8 49.,567 59 ,805
29. Jaggall ~280 2,.579 S~.Q20 3,644 30. J')rnbuVll.)..a.l * * 6 .. 70.1. S.0s5 K::tdan 791 722 491 592 32. Kal1a-di * * 5,737 6,922 33. Kanakkan 63,360 'it 22,046 26,600
34. Karlrnpa1an 2,898 3,165 2,~O7 3,387 35. Kodalo * * 28,41.0 34,278 36. Koosa * * 818 987 37. Koraga 4,391 5,287 4,042 4,877 38. Kudub1 10,366 7,285 12 ,011 14,492 '(9. Kudumban * * 827 998 Xurichchan 9,722 7,465 7,122 ~,581 41. lVladar1 * * 6,617 7,~4 42. Madlga e07,986 731,879 60~,1.1.O 725,265 43. Kuravan 109,684 132,365 2,110 2,545 44. Maila * * l,431 1,726 45. Mala (inal11ding - 1,440,650 1.,425,589 794,729 ~58 ,876 Agency Ma~as) 46. Mala Dasu * * 2,399 2,895 1-7. Ma1asnr 4,199 4,928 5,101 6,155 .B. Matangi *- * 623 752 49. Mavilan 2,517 1,137 1,341 1,618
_, ~ Moger. ~9,148 40,544 773 ~33 Much! 6,285 3,741 1,842 2.222 52. lVIundala * * 6,200 7.64l 53. Nalake.ysva 979 1,017 1,489 ' '1,190- 54. Nayadl 535 4],7 520 (S2? 55. Pagadai * * 771 931 r' c., • Painda * * 92 110 bl. Paky ,.. * 2,017 2 t 4a4 58 .. Pallan 866,132 862,685 825 .. 224 995,669 59. Pambada * >I< 335 404 -5-
J. I g: I ~ I 5 C) ; : : ~ .1 I 60. Pam1di * * 424 51~ 6l. Panan 14,717 12,936 * ~7 ,167 62~ Panc~arna *' :-* ' 68,845 83,064 63. Panniand1 * * 54 65 64. Paralyan 2,363,803 2,337,036 l,ll7,197 1,347,948 65. 'Paravan 5,396 5,766 826· 997 66. Pulayan 4,831 3,683 23,378 28,207 67. Puthlrai Vannan * * 74 89 6B. Heneyar * * 1,480 1,786 69. Samagara 1,620 1,038 2,018 2,435 70. Samban 2 * 557 672 71. Sapari * * 462 557 -.., Semrnan 1,660 2,020 1,198 1,445 73. Thoti * * ].,639 1,977 74. Tiruval1uvar * • 207 249 75. Val~uvan 63,493 59,163 . 59,202 71,430 76. Valmlk1 '* * 4t~9 5,175 77. Vettuvan 79,372 . 83,008 28,325 34,175
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Notes:- (1) * Figures not available. (n) GanJam figures are also included. Estimat10n has been done on the basi,s or 1921 figures. . . (2) , The total estimated population of Schedulsd Castes in 195~ aCQording to the above table came to 9,031,953 while the enumerated populatlon ot" the Scheduled Castes in 1951 is e,533J632~ The excess has been proportionate~y deducted from each caste in order to tally the total with 195~ Census figures •
...... ------------!r@LE II - SCHEDULED TRIBES
l.. The tab1e presents ~~gures of 40 tribes, as specified in the President's Order of 1950. Out of
these 40 tribes the popu~ation rigures £or 16 tribes
are not available in the previous Census tabl~v1z,
(1) Goudus-Bato, Bhiri~hya Dudhokourla Hato, Jatako and
Joria; (2) Kosalya Goudus - Bosothor~ya Goudus, Chitti GoUdus, Dangayath Goudus, Doddu Kamariya, DUdQ Kamaro, LadlYa Goudus and Pullosorlya GoudUs; (3) Magatha Goudus Bernia Goudu, Boodo Magatha, DongaYath Goudu, Ladya Goudu; Ponna Magatha, and Sana Magatha; (4) Holva; (5) Jadapus; (6) Khattls, Khatt1, Kommarao and Lohara; (7) Kodu; (8) Kommar; (9) Konda Kapus; (10) Kondareddis
(1~) Manna Dhora; (12) Mukha Dhora - Nooka Dhoraj (13) Paigarapu; (14) Palas1; (15) Reddi Dhoras ;
(16) Inhab1~ants of Laccadive, Minicoy and Am1ndivi Islands who and both of whose parents were born in
these ls~ands.
The estimates of 195~ popu1atlon ~ this
table have been·· made in the Same manner as 1n Tab1e I.
The' total or the estimated population in 195~ o£ these castes Shows an excess over the 1951 Census tota1s or Scheduled Tribes. On account of the wide variations 1n the two totals, no attempt has been made to adjust the
estimated population ~lgures.
------....---- TABT.£._Il ~ Pepu1ation or Goh~duled Tribes ,(Notified under President's Order,1950) in the Censuses of 1911... 1931 and estimated population in 1951.
, ¥ADRA§ ******~~~***********************.****************************************.~ a ' . . ~Estimated Q Name of Caste ! Population in PopII1ation~Remari;:s .~ 1911 o· 1921 n 1931 19S1 l _ 1 G 2 ~ 3 J 4 5 ~
1. A.ranadan 182 119 60 77 20 Bagata 33,021 34,291 34,309 43,813 3. Bhottadas ... 62,101 65,686 558 713 Bodo Bhottada, Mur1a Bhottada and Sano Bhott-ada • 4. Bhumi-as-Bhuri Bhura1a 21,891 24,480 34,386 and Bodo Bhumia S. Chenchu 7,449 6,281 8,064 10,304 , Gadabas-Boda Gadaba, 45,115 55,770 46,639 59,558 Cerllarn Gadaba ,Franji Gadaba, "~di~ GadQb~; Olnro-Gadaba, ~g1 Gadaba nnd Prange Gadaba. -~.-::.1d1-Modya Gond and 25,596 40,823 25,005 31,931 Rajo Gond. ' 8. G04d~s-;Bato, Bh1ri thya Dudhokour1a Hata, * * * '" Jatako and Joria. 9. Kosalya Goudus-Bosothorlya * Goudus, Ch1ttl Goudus, * * * Dangayath Goudus~Doddu K~ariya, Dudu Kamaro, Ladiya Goudus -and Pullosoriya Goudus. 10. Magatha Goudus, Bernia * G-oudu-, Boodo ,iv1agatha, * * '" Don-gayath Goudu, Ladya- Goudu, Penna Magatha 'and Sana Magatha • ... :olva * * * * 12. Jadapus * . * * * 13. Jatapus 80,930 72,477 70,610 90,169 14. Kammara 129,738 129,341 * 187,789 2,475 4,017 1,001 2,019 --; ... Khattls, Khatt1, Kommara 0 .. and Lohar * * * * -, "7 *' .. :. r.. Kodu * '* * * J.8 r. Kommar * * * I9!1 Konda Dhora$ 84,452 62,496 82,126 104,875 f?O " Konda Kapus * * * ~l~ Kondaredd1s * * * * -s- : 1 , .. :: ::'2. Kondbs, Desaya Kondhs" 179,657 304 ,929 186,394 238,025 Dongria 'Kondhs, Kutt1Ya . Kondhs, Tlkirla Kondhs and Yenity Kondhs. 23. Kota 1,163 ].,204 1,121 1,432 24. Kot1a-Bart1ka, Beptho 19,801 2,594 3,644 Oriya, Dhu11a or Dulla, Holva ·Pa1ko, Put1ya, Sanrona and Sldho Palko. 25. Koya or Goud, with its 79,422 74,084 95,793 12~ subsects - Raj or Rasha Koyas, Llngadhari Koyas (ordinary) and Kottu Koyas. 26. Kudiya 4,120 6,706 3,497 4,466 ~7. Kurumans 9,772 10,988 10,447 13,341 28. Manna Dhora * * * * 29. Maune 1,623 1,384 * 1,944 30. Mukhe Dhora, Nooka Dhora * * * * 31. Murla 1,099 l,148 '" 1;612 32. Palgrapu * * * * 33. Palasi * * * 34. Paniyan 34,574 36,328 32,410 41,368 35. Porjas, Bodo Bonda, 92,737 87,019 123,092. 1.57,:iS8 DarUVBt DidUa J~dia, Mundl11, Pengu, Pydl and Sallya 36. Reddi Dhoras * * * 37. Savarasl Kapu 3avaras, 59,002 150,276 Khutto ~avaras and IvIa11ya Savaras 38. Sholaga 1,944 2,77i 2.,957 3,770 39. Toda 748 640 597 ?62 40. Inha b:1. t ants of the . Laccad1ve, Minicoy and Am1n1d1v1 Islands who, and both o~ whose parents, were born 1n these Islands. -- ...... ------~------.... -~-.... Note : .. Figures not available.
The total of estimated popula~JOQ 'of Scheduled Tribes in 1951 according to the above table O'3Ine to 1,229,964 while the enumerated population or the Scheduled Tribes in 1951 is ,635,979, As there is wide variation in the two ' totals no attempt has been made to adjust the estimat.ed figure~. ------_------9-
This table dents figures tor, 42 castes, which co.mprise the list of' t non-backward classes' prepared by the State Government at the time o£ the last census. This list was used to e11e1 answer to one or the census questions 1n the 1951 Census enumeration. Out or 42 castes 23 are included under Hindus and 19 under Muslims. 2. The table has been presented in two parts - (i) Hindus (ii) Muslims. 3. The estimate of" 195J. population· in this table has been made in the same manner as in Table I. The total of the estimated population 1n 1951 of all castes shows a decrease over the 1951
.Census totals of Non-backward Classes. On account of' wide variations in the two totals no. ·attempt h~f; been made to adjust the estimated figures.
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I~ ,,*l}: - Popf.l].at.ion of' Non-Backward C~asses in the Censuses 19l1-1931 and Esti1l'lated Populat1on in 1951 - (1) HINDUS. MADRAS
~*.***.******.***************.******************************************* I IEstimated ~ Name of' Caste I Po~u~ation in IpopulationARemarY~ ~31 n i I 1951 l 3 "::: :: 1:::i::j::1 ::f: 3 :5 6 l. Adi - Va~ama * * * * 2. Ba11ja 1,021,214 1,015,977' * 1,427,041 3. Brahman 1,162,887 1,312,869 1,096,400 1,400,103 4. Bunt 126,296 131,390 147,405 lEB ,236 5. Gounder * * * * 6. Grammani * * * * 7. Kamma 1,126,095 1,],60,984 * ].,630,718 B. Kapu 2,502,251 2,463,566 * 3,460,325 n. Karkaters * * * * "".0. Kavara * * * * ·.l. Llngayat 134,592 171,023 * 240,205 <")'. Mudaliar * * * * ~adar * 655,252 * 920,367 . 4. Nattukotta1 •• . Chett1yar * * * 15. Nayar 412,102 489,563 537,618 686,538 l6. Padma Velama * 433,943 * 609,516 17. Raju (Raja) ~O2,845 52,325 69,979 89,363 18. Reddi. * 3,351 * 4,707 19. Teloga 441,791 554,880 649,413 829,300 20. Thiyya * * * * 2J.. Udayar 12,489 1.6,186 * 22,735 0?_ Vaisya (Chett1 824,183 860,151 409,717 523,209 Komatl) 23. Vellales 2,535,79J. 2,653,775 * 3,727,492 ------.--- Noj;e~u • Figures are not avai1ab1e. The total estimated popUlation of Non-Backward Classes in ],951 (Hindus and Muslims both) according to the above tab~ came to 17,615,084 while the enumerated census populat1on or the Non-Backward Classes 1n 1951 1s 28,130,176. As there is wide variation in the two totals, no attempt has been made to adjust the est1mated figures.
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TABLE III - Population o~ Non-Backward Classes in the Censuses 1911-1931 and estimated population in 1951 - (1i) MUSLIMS
MADRAS *****************************************************************~******** I ~Estimated I Name of casta I PO:Ulation in §populationIRemarks. ::: I ::: : : I ~!::::: ~ J:g§~ I ~~1: I::: ,51 I ::'6 --
1. Arab 5,513 788 * 1,107 2. Bora 182 148 * 208 3. Dakui 37 40 * 56 4. Jonagan 8,780 6,780 * 9,523 5. Khilji * * 6. Khoja 26 58 * 81 7. Lodi 44 * * 63 8. Marakkayar 2,461 2,579 * 3,622 9. Memon 447 340 * 478 10. Moghal 18,628 18 ,457 * .,25,925 11. Musalman 28,837 1,447 * 2,032 12. Navayat 1,761 2,202 * 3,093 13. Pathan L06,920 119,961 * 168,497 14. Ravuttar * 17,034 * 23,926 15. Saiyad 170,125 175,588 * 246,631 16. Sait * 227 * 319 17. Sharif 1.,712 535 * 75l , lB. Sheik ssg ,553 929,064 * 1,304,963 19. Other Mu:slims * 45,532 * 63,954
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Notes:.
* Figures are not availaO'.t~.;;.; Please also see note on page No.lO. ------12-
TABLE IV - OTHER CASTES~
This tab~e prssant.s ~1gures of 334 castes. The list has been prepared with referenee to the castes given in 1911, 192~ and 1931 Censuses a£ter e1iminating the castes given in Tables I, II and III. Out o£ these 334 castes 331 are included urtder Hindus and 3 under Muslims. The table has been presented in two parts - (1) Hindus (i1) Muslims. 3. The estimate of 1951 population in this table has been made in the same manner as in rable I.
As the total or the estimated popu1at1on in 1951 o~ these castes shows a considerable excess OVer the \ 1951 Census totals of these castes no attempt has been made to adjust the estimated figures, -13-
l'ABI&. -Dl ... P~p~1Qtion of Oth6r castes in the Censuses of 1911 - 1931 and estimated population in 1951. (1) HINDUS.
MADBAS .. *************~**********************************************************~ I ~Est1rnated I, I"" . " PEulat~Oi:i in " Ip.oPl11at1onlRemar~ : : i '1" ':'"-?-~1::::J7 '19f1 r: :7f:: :1, -::l: ,I j.~
1. Agamudaiyan 349,753 368,639 * 517,790 2. Agaru 9,87 1,352 * 1,899 3. Agarwa1a 12 * * 17 4. Agasa 16,628 16,226 19,926 25,445 5. Aiyarakam 16,687 14,928 * 20,968 6. Alavan 1,406 1,201 * 1,687 7. Alayan 2 3 • * 8. Alia" _ ~' 22,179 21,839 * 30,675 . , , 11<" 9. Amba1akaran 185,177 164,748 * 231,405 10. Ambalavasi 20,218 15,381 * 2l,604 11. Ambattan 213,050 227,224 10,242 13,079
12. Anappan ~5,677 9,664 * 13,574 13., And! 82,123 -' 70,270 * 98,701 14. Anduran 9,894 4,526 * 6,357 , . 15. lI.rakal 778 514 * 722 . 16. Arasu 261 * \376 17. Arayan 5,424 ... 5 t l58 * 7,245 lB. Ariya 595 8~e
19. Arl.lva 8,755 10,555 * 14 t e26 20. Ashtaloh1 192 41 * 56 21. Avittan 91 * * 126 22. Badaga 38,180 40,329 43,075 QQ,007 23. Badhoyi 18,616 20,331 * ae.551 24. Bairagi 3,661 3,496 * 4t9~O 25. Ballala 332 ~52 * ~13 26. Banajiga 11)640 9,930 * 1at~4e 27. Baniya 3,666 3,097 * 4,350 28. ijarber * * 1,026' l,~l0 -14-
.1 :- , : :1 2: : _£: :p": 3 I::: :4 0_ 29. Bedaru 49,893 40,1.2B * 30. Belasali 6 * • 8 31. Bengali 54 ~64 * 2aO 32. Benia 3,522 2,521 * 3.541 33. Bepari 689 708 * 994 34. Bestha 47,676 48,838 ... 68 ,598 35. Bhandari 951 799 * 3.,122 36. Bhatrazu ~5, :;La7 ~7 ,847 * 25,066 37. Bhattia 91 ].32 * 185 38. Bhay1puo 654 1,894 * 2,660 39. Bhandari 22,362 19,657 24,934 31,641 40. B111ava ~57,O71 J.66,751 * ~4,218 41. Bing1 36 5· * 7 42. Boda 5,688 3,205 ... 4.002 43. Bogam 27,507 26,9,57 * ~'.ee4 44. Boishnobo 1,094 1.,105 * .,552 45. Bolas1 10,304 8,332 * .~.g'75 46. Bondhia 508 401 * 563 47. Bondi11 9,771. 11.,064 It' 1.5,04~ 48. Banka 1,756 755 ... .,060
49. BosantlYA 2,467 1,917 ... ~,69~ 50. Boya 425,862 440,29S 54-5.06g e9C,Q49 5],. Budubud!lkala 2,000 2,045 * '.~12 52. Chakkan 36,801 28 ,929 * 4Q,Q~4 53. Chaliyan 3~,324 29,4~ 4.,~'1e .... * 54. Chaptegara 1,652 2,134 ~.99' .' * 55. Charog.~ 1,075 2,335 '* a,260 56.. Chembq'\it1.. 354 35 * 49 57. Chinda 622 84 * US 58 • Chud1t1ya 2,J.O~ 4,233 * 5.946 59. Chuvano 9 * • 1.3 60. Dammula ].,250 3,737 * 5,249 61. Dasar! 33,438 35,025 * 49,196 -15-
- t § 2 § 3 A 4 I. : :-~. I :: 9 2. Dasi 4,981 13,090 18,386 .... * '3. Devadiga 25,62l. 30,028 * 42,],77 v34. Devanga 260,273 273,560 * 384,242 65. Dhakkado . 2,646 1,37J.. * 1.,926 -"...o. Dher 15 * * 22 ...., Dhobi 33,265 29,692 9,014 1].,511 68. Dhuliya 1,439 3,589 * 5,041. 690 Doluva 17,099 20,228 * 26,412 70. Dudekula 277 4,175 * 5,864 71. Eka1i * * 3,092 3,948 72. Gama11a :14:9,,127 253,847 * 300,553 73. GandJ.a 35,986 36,250 29,39l. 37,532 ?4. Ganiga 17,584 17,473 22,292 28·,467 -."" Gatti 2,232 2,21.5 * 3,111 ..... :::l • Gauda 45,599 '50,083 * 70,347 Gaudo 40 ,36]. 26,728 * 37.542 3. Gaul1 ,280 3,021 4,243 : ~ • 79" Gavara 60,515 €?4,394 * 90,4-:18 '''I Gay1nti 1,665 1,978 2,718 , * '1.... Ghana 12 * * 17 '2. GhontnX:a 1,245 503 III 707 '3., Godiya 1:0,604 16,937 • aa.790, ) 1. Gokha 120 156 * 21~ 55. Golla 833,121. 832,386 ia6,773 94.0,Soo -;6. Gosayi 299 699 * 1,263 ~7 • Guda+a~ 4,442 2,946 .. 4,J,3e .., Gudigara... 430 1,358 * ,1..907 9. GUjarat1 424 1.,313 • 1,844 1. Guni 1,523 1,348 * 1,893 I L.. Halepa"1Jt. . 6,102 2,084 . * ,2,927 9-". Heggade, 3,452 2,860 * 4,017 )3. Ha~oboleua 285 * * 41.0 >'1.. Idaiyan4: Yadava) 734,771 ?43,603 899.,677 1,~4S.888 .,-16-
6 • J :~ : I ?3 1 j [. I :s:: I 95. Id1ga (Arya Hihda 26J..,2a5 153,23? ·21.5,237 Setti Belija) '. 96. I ll.amaj an 7,160 8,650 * 12,150 97 .. Iluvan, 121,1.38 1.49,95~ * 2J.o..s2~ 98 .. Indra (Arya Rlhlda 56,774 66,O~7 92,727 Setti Bel1ja) * 99. Irula 100,659 99,874 * 140,283 ".00. Ita * 35 * 49 J0:" .. Ja].arl 23,560 16,341 * 22,953 102 .. Janappan 42,707 4~,297 * 68 ,006 103. Janagam ],06,401 114,298 .. 160,543 J.04. Jetti 622 558 * 784 105. Jog1 18 ,297 ]'6,67S ,.. 23,422 106. Kabbera 20,101 13 ,24.1 ,.. lB,598 107. Kach1 1 * * 1 108. Kadu - Kankani 36 * * Q2 109. Kaduppattan 19,97], 21,207 * 29,787 1.10. Kahar 91 516 .. 725
1_11. Ka1kOlan(Sengunthar~ 368,347 406,638 4.4.,31 ~9,611 Sengunder, Kshatr1ya 1l2. Kallngi 24,609 23,182 33,013 42,1&3 113. Ka11nj1 411 1,],26 41,173 52,576 114. Kal1an 535,227 533,972 509,eS9 653,,090 1.15. Kammalan (Panohala 994,245 1,062,768 66e.147 l.1QS.624 Kamsa.1a, V1sva Brahman, Visvakarma) l16. Kamunchii 87 86 * 20,121 ll7. Kanisan 16,689 l4,446 .. 20,2~l 118. Kan1yan l,074 1,399 1,4TC l,e77 1.19. Kannadiyan 28,375 32,402 * 40,012 l20. Kappl1iyan 38,493 28,927 * 40fga~· 1~21. Karaiyan 4,565 13,71.3 • ~,agl 122. KaI.Uabatt~ 9,477 4,1B8 * 5,S82 1_23. Ka.rnam 22,975 89,094 46,314 59,143 124. Karumpurattan 1l,620 3,556 * 4,995 ' ~25. Katasan J.,325 '1,230 ,* .1,?28 ~. Kat1ke 1,243 707 * e!)3 - J<; . ~ _g 3· ':1: :: 4
127. Kattu .. 'Mahrati 858 1,211 * 1,701 128. Kavan dan 10,311 16,742 * ca3,516 l29. Kavutiyan 6,365 5,219 3,gee 5,067 130. Kayasth 317 2" * 389 13l. Kela . 291 2~ * 355 132. Kelas! 7,a13 5,211 * 7 ,319 133. Kevuto 34,44' 39,605 * 50,910 134. Kharv! 4,984 4,018 • 5,644 1.35. Khatri 5 1,,0'3 * 1,507 136. Kh odura 3,'72 a,201 • 4,496 137. Khoira 965 928 * l,aO~ 1.38. Kichagara 2S * * 4~ 1.39. 'Killekyata 1;~1,9 g~ . * i24 140. Kodagu 4 l46 * 205 1.41.. Kolata l,4~ .,ae~ * 1,941 142. 'Kolayan ~al;901 lO,le,. * l4,196 1.43. Koli 1,215 646 , . • 9J.O I 144. Koliyan l,08l 4,'056 * 5,697 .. . 145. Kondra 6,543 O.esa * 8.~70 l46. Kongan 1,545 7Z4 * l"l7 l47. Konkani 1,690 1,6~ * 2,~4 1.48. Koosari 2,19' 8,4:.34 • l1,846 '. ". 1.49. Koshtl 81 * * 117 150. Kota:ri l.,49' 144 * l,045 151. Kotegara 11,6~2 ., ,tl19 * e ,e59 }.52. Ksh~triya l4'6,458 31.4,7()7 * 44i.037 153. Kudumo 22,772 24,""-18 * aa,7TS 1.54. Kukkundi 35 13 * l.8 ~55. Kuluvan 473 555 * 780 1.56. Kumbara 38,307 49,751. * 69,880 1 : :2 :a ~ : i : '7"C :: af 5: :r tL
'-"7 .. Kumbharo 18,123 29,142 * 40,933 3. Kunbl 1.8 * lie 26 -9. Kunnavan 4,351 4,211 * 5,915 60. Kurni 8,794 8,479 * ~1,9~O -1. • Kuruba 231,819 139,706 * 196,231 '")•• Kurumban 144,095 l50,827 * 211,652
"I ) .. Kusavan 153 ,127 ' 1.57,973 * 221,689 1= • Kuttadi 4,~76 2,52\3 * 3,544
~. 75,620 Lambadi 49 t 418 53,980 * ',66 .. Lohana 58 13 * 18 ;7. Lohara 8,038 4,519 * 6,347 ...., , . Lon1ya, ~57 103 * 145 , . Magura 344 397 * 556 ). Mahanti 7,587 4,36S * 6,127 ., ... Mahar 499 2 * 3 :lIT ~; j ulu 10,643 ',654 * 10,75.1- 05- Malai -, Arasan 86 105 * J,4' '4. Malaiman 57,034 63,385 * 69,~31 ". Malava 2,766 2,551 * 3.66:3 -'6. Malayali 63,487 62,05& ;.; $7,164 '77 .. Malayan 9,602 7,883 * 11,072 ,78. Maleyava J.36 ],54 * 216 .. Mali ~7,413 ' 25,480... * :35,769
~O. blangala 172,666 17~,696 le53,J,ea ~,a66
'Sl. Mannan 32,547 30,894 * 43,~94
~. Maravan 364,762 4S0,0J.3 423,012 540,166 .s3. Marathi 34,442 32,649 34,.053 . 43,466
II • 4 Marayan 14,555 3,852 * 5,411 '~5. Maruthavan * * 152 ~94 4,035 !~6 • Marvar1 1,817 2,873 * '37. Mattia 6,661 6,522 * 9,16~ -19-
:: I : § 2 ~ ~ 0 4 0 5 D G
188. Madara 20,511 21,158 * ~9,719 lE9. Melakkaran 10,925 1,983 . * 2,785 190. MeriA 197 74 * ~O4 191. Moili 3,534 787 * t1,105 192 .. Mandi 1,930 2,1.52 ~ 3,O~ 193. Mudugar 1,210 1,685 * 2,367 194 .. Mukkuvan 19,215 1.6,104 ... 22,620 ].95. Muli 5,243 4,937 * 6,935 196. JVluppan 7,958 1,501 * 2,108 197. Mussad 1,121 494 * 694 198 a Mutracha ~53,422 227,536 * 319,59' 199. Muttan 9,696 9,196 * 1.2 ,920. ·200. Muttiriyan 86,856 100,324 * 140,915 201. IVIUvvari 3,005 l,490 * ·2,893 202. Nagaralu. 14,569 31,848 * 44,734. 203. NagavSlsulu 24,983 25,338 * 35,-590. 204. Nai and Nai lB,8~i' 25,35' _ Brahaman * '" 'JOB. Nattaman 162,786 161-,197 ... ~26,417 206. Nattan 12,751 13 ,258 ... J.8 ,622 207. Nasllran * * 404 516 208. Navithan * * tt>Z,gl5 131,422 209. Nekkara 125 152 213 - . .~ * 2l0. Navut1yan ].,013 -1,294 ,. * * 21l. Nese 850 5,186 * 7,264 ~ , ..: ~ ... 212. Neyyala 11,71.7 12,8~5 * 18,O~ 213. Nokk?n 4,523 3,375 4,741 ,: .. ..'.~, * 2],4. Nol1ya 2,361 2,780 * 3,905 ~~5. 0<:;' chan 5,l77- 9,5e2 * 13,347 216. Odde 542,072 517,389 * 726,725 21.7. Odiya 13 ,522 l4,6l6 * 20,530 2lB. Ojall ~1,653 14,756 * 20,726 219. 01:1a1 to ~1.,50]' 11,756 * 16,512 -20-
-- 1 A- 2 ~ 3 ~ 4 ~ 5 I 6 220. Paliyan .1,452 731 * 1,027 221. Palli - Vann1ya, 2,769,399 2,767,314 2,944,014 a,7Q9,506 Vanniya Kshatr1ya, Vannikula Kspatrlya, Agn1kula Kshatriya. 222. Pamvaikkaran 1,630 1,1.26 * 1,562 223. Fanara 258 * * 372 224. Panasa 903 128 * 180 225. Pandaram 66,868 64,499 * 90,595 226. Pandlto 1,158 5.,530 * 7,761 227. Pannikkan 30,083 * * 43,:329 228. Pand1ther * * 3,914 4,998 229. Panisavan ~,553 13,250 * 18,611 2~O. Par.a,desi 207 170 * 2~9 231. ·~P.ar1 varam 20,785 9,894 * J,3,897 232. Parlyar1 * 15,aw 19,459 233. Parel 1 * * 1 234. P.atel 1 * * 1- 235. Patnulkaran 92,840 * * ~3,71? 236. Patara 18 ,104 15,758 * 2~,.a4 . 237. Patramela 1,078 * * l,~ 238. Pattanavan 35,472 23,792 * aa,4lS . 239. Pattapu 13 ,375 13,375 * 1.8,?e7 240. Patvegara 29 168 * 236 241. 'Pent1ya 4,213 1,594 * 2.239 242. Per ike 24,965 18,687 ., 26,24e 243. Picch1gunta . 8,977 7,874 * 1~.O60 244. Pombada 285 252 * 354 245. Pundra 1.6,914 22,046 * 30,966 246. Pothrlya 501 336 * 472 247. Pujari l.28 1,264 * 1,775 2~. Pul1uvan 8,533 8,556 * 12,016 249. Punjab! 13 17 * 24 250. Rajapuri ~1,420 9,060 * 12,726 -2J..-
_-_:::__ ~ _____'-_:_:::~§~g~~I~_::9~:_:~[_:'~i~:--~r= __ :_-~~: __ :~I~---'~§----
251 • .tta,..J_.put 17,603 18 ,3,61 6,410 8,186 252. Ra,m,p_an 5 * * 7 253. HC!.ll:~ar1 7,140 4,345 .. 6,103 Qi:~. i; . 254. Ravulo 5,702 5,693 .. 7,996 -'r 255. Rona 39,166 26,780 .')f',-:-- * 37,615 , ,'~ \ '( 256. Rong uni 8,169 7,325. .. 10,289 257. Sadar 3,715 1,955 .. 2,746 259. Sakan 5 * .. 7 259. Salva 1,778 3,287 .. . 4,757 260. Salapu 332 626 * 979 261. Sale 345,191 325,675 * 457,443 262. Samantan 4,663 4,663 * 6,550 263. Samantiya 14,750 17,277 .. 24,267 264. Sani 2,056 3,479 .. 4,867
2p5. S~jogi 886 1,995 .. 2~602 ?66. Stj;Oyasi 323 3,587 .. '5,038
267. Sa.P'ltjl1ga 2,513 2,583 * ~,628 268. Satani(Sattada 43,178 40,43l 56 ,769 Sr1va1shnava) * 269. S·~ &f'~shtra * 90,821 127,567 (~?;~~ashtra Brahmin) ~70. Sayakkaran 2,763 227 * 319 271. Segidi 22,690 22,960 ~2,~50 272. Sembadavan 64,403 (53,055 * 86,561 273. Senakkudaly~ . 38,].33 ].3,61.5 19,1~4 274. Sepp111yan 345 * * 497 275.· Shanan (341,976 .. 9~-4,638
276. S1010 ].,658 210 .. ~95 277. Somara 76 * •• 109 278. Sonagara '339 218 * 305 279. Spndi 36,756 .34,161 47,983 ·f * 280. Sonkari 689 585 .. 622 281. S.t~plka., - 255 * * 367 -22-
1 ~ 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 § 6
282. Sundarm~, 46,707 44,194 * 62,075 283. Suddho 18 ,297 5,576 * 7,832 284. Sudra 1,201 2,450 * 3,441 285. Sunnari 3,690 4,586 * 6,44~ 286. Tamballa 3,433 2,466 * 3,464 287. Tarakan 6,781 6,730 * 9,4(5:3 288. Telikul.a 9,397 29,698 19,414 24,792 289. Telli 22,481 32,802 20,663 26,387 290. Telugu 914 * * ].,316 291. Thakur 13 * * 19 292. Tiyan 639,832 676,395 * 950,064 293. T1Y8ro 3,053 2,661 * 3,738 294. Tegata 67,028 ' 69,723 * 97,933 295. Tohala 1,966 1,068 * 1,500 296. Tolkollan 3,304 689 * 91Sa 297. Tandaman 2,837 3,718 * 5,222 298. Tont1 2,272 2,360 * 3 ,~1.5 299. T~riya 9,974 3,295 * 4,628 300. T8ttiyan 155,748 153 ,741 * 215,945 301. Tsakala 362,748 361,951 383,556 489,601 302. Tudia 76 * * 109 303. Uppara 1l1,S51 108,673 * 152tQ42 304. Uppil1yan 45,331 41,912 * 58,870 305. Ural! 61,747 49,877 * 70,OS7 306. Vadugan 58,124 68,894 * 96,769 307. Vakkallga 80,798 80,300 * J.12,789 308. Vala1yan 353 ,848 345,50~ * 4Sgt~~1, 309. Valanch1an * * 746 9~ 310. Vallamoan 25,322 27,904 * 39,194 3ll. Valuvad1 6,407 7,003 * 9,aa5 312. Vani 747 4,044 * 5,661 313. Van1yan 194,802 200,507 101,637 129,790 (Va1ngavasiya) -23-
':1: : ~ :::: I:K 'g:= :=r ~: 3 I ~ :r 5 : :C_9_,--, :14. Vannan 242,025 250,557 198,891 253,964 15. Vaniger * * 3,297 4,2l0 16. Varam 94 * * 135 ;17. Va dan 46,799 41,264 * 57,959 ']B. Velakkattalavan 10,026 6,836 897 1,145 19. Velama. 495 ,9].3 433,943 * 609,516
~ ~20 • Velan 3,394 3,42+ * 4,805 ::'.1. Ve1uttedan 11,654 8,663 3,419 4,366 ~2. V1prav1nodi 382 595 * 836 -"3. Vettakkattan * * 59 751 ~24. Viramusht1 1,883 2,21.3 * 3,115 '°5;;_, . Vodo 105 107 * l50 "~6 • Yanad1 119,264 134,807 * leg ,260 ~7 • Yata 47,800 42,846 * QO,lal 'q. Yerraltala 2,423 2,029 * 2,S5e 9. Yerukala 88,241 88,631 * la4,491- 30. Yr>gi - Gurukkal 2,688 1,382 * l,941 Unspecified Hindus 398 320 * 44~
------~------
N .. tes:- Figures are not ava11aQle. Tbe total estimated p.pulation ef Other Castes in 1951 (Hindl,ls and M~al1ms brn;bj a ======~ -24- UELE .VL Popu18tion of other Ca!t'tes in the Censuses of' 1911 - 1931 and estimr:rt&d popijlat1on in 1951 - (11) MUSLIMS. . '. ~* ** * * * * * ** ** * ** * ** * * * * * * * * ** ** ** * ** * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * ** * ** * * '* -Ie ** * ** * * ** * ¥ * A IEat1mated I Name of c'aste I tion in §populationIRemar: 19 1921 95 Dudeku1a. 71,335 72,334 * lOl,60f) 2. Labha1 401,703 368,880 351,893 449,367 3. Mappilla 1,032,757 ].,099,453 * 1,544,292 ------~------ Notes:- Figures are net ava11abl•• Please also see note on page 23. -25- APPENDIX Extracts rrom the previous-~~UA re~orts of Madr~s ~or Censuses ~9111 -1921. and 1931. A-- SCHEDULED CASTES Chakk1~iyanl- Chakk11iyans have increased very largely in the Tamil Districts of the East C.ast Central Division, but have decreased in Sluth Arcot and .- ~ the districts south of it (except Madura). This decrease again is probably the er~ect ~f increased emigration, . the increase in Chlngleput, North Arcot and Salem is due to the decline of Malas and Madigas in th.$e district~ J Holexa=- Hi1eyas were 92,000 1n 1921, 50,000 ten years later. They were 155,000 in 1891 and have .. dec11ned steadily.' It may be that the emergence Of 23,000 Pulayans a community not rec~rded ~rem Malabar 1n 1921. acc~unts for some of the missing Holeyas, . ~93l_Madras P'ie~335. • Reg.rt ,. The raIl uader Holeyas eccurs in Bellary, C~1mbatore and chiefly in South Kanara. The tall in Bellary and Ceimbatere reflects the general decrease ~f popu1ation in the districts of Bel~ary and in the taluk of Kollegal where the Coimbatore H.leyas a~e found; the fall in South Kanara is partly made UP by the presence of' 20 ,000 ]\~alas in th8" district. -26- Kudubls~- Th~ K4dub~s, a jungle t~lpe ~ving in· the hi11s o~ South Kanara, have lost nearly e ~rd or their numbers since 2911. Probably either in 1921 or at the. early Censuses there waS con:fuslon between Kupubl and Kuruba. , ];,921_Madras Report Page 157. Kadan:- This interesting tribe shows a marked decrease ~or. 1921-31. Small po~ caused many deaths among them during the decade. In 1921 and 1911 no Kadans were retu~ed under Colmbatore one or the districts with which they·have always been associated, probably because they fel1 belOW the mxnimum population quota. The trihe shows a. considerable excess of women, but in·Coimbatore ma1es .• ' ~e the greater in numbers. - 1931 Mad~as ReBort Pase 364. Kadans are junglB folk in the hills of ~a1abar; the f'a1l. in their number may possibly be due to their migration to Cochin or Tra'V.ancore. - 1921 M?gras Re~ort Page 157. "... ¥.adiga:- The greatest decrease among Uiadigas oceurs in Bel1ary where it is no doubt a result o~ the ramlne· conditions which obtained at the close of the decade, and next in Kistna and Guntur where we have seen a great addition to the Christian populat1on. - 1921 Madras Report Page lPB. ParaiYgQ:- The number o~ Paralyans h~s increased every where: except in Tinnevelly and on the· Nllgiris; in the Nllgiris, the reaSon 1s less recruiting ror the tea estates, the shortage in Tinnevelly 1s probably due to increased emigration to Ceylon. ~921 MadraS ReQort Pages ~58- B - SCHEDULED TRIBES Chenc'hus! - The Chenchus at the time of" the Census of 1921 were, many of them, hiding in the heart o£ the Nallamalai hills rrom the police who were conducting an extensive compaign against them. Tho wonder is not so much that fewer of them should have been counted them in l.91~', but that so many as 6,000 of' them should have been found. 1921 Madras Report Page 157. The numbers 'of this prob~bly the hardest ~1nking and least.attractive cf thq Presidency's , ,.. primitive tribes, have, except in 1921 shown nn increase at each Census. In 1921 a police drive was in progress and, as Mr. Boag remarked, it WaS not the apparent dec1ine in numbers that called ror comment so much as the ~act that it had been possible to edbmerate 6,000 , . odd of' ~hem. This circumstance 'also goes some WClY to ace oun t :for the 28t percent incre'ase which:~ 19'21-31 appears to yie~d. 1931 Madras Report P~ge 3§O~ Gond:- The largest increase in the number or Gonds occured mostly at the Census of 1921; it may be due to migration across the borders from the Central Provinces or it may be due to con:fusion with Kh~nd or Konda Dora, both which tribes have lost population in the last decade. , 1921 Madras Report Page ],58. Qadaba:- Its numbe~ shows a decrease or 12 percent rrom 1921. The :figures for that year were 19 percent over 1911, an unusual note of increase ror an -28- an agency pr1m1.tive tribe or indeed ,any community at al~ ove:._· a deeede troub~ed by ep1dem~e and seare~ty ~n wh~ch the province population increased only 2 percent and the Agency population went down. The Gadaba popu1atien increased steadily from 1881.~921 and this ~s ~ts r1rst recorded decline. - ~931 Madras Repert Page 363. Khond, Jatupus, Koyis and Iru~aS (Others;:- The ~a~l in the strength of Khonds, Jatupus, Key1s, and Iru~as is surfieiently explained by the bag con~itions o£ the c~eslng years of the decade • .. ~,~,l. Madras ReEor-v Page 158. Kenda Dora:- There has been a gpeat fall in the strength .~ Konaa Doras in the Agency partly due to the transfer to Vizegapatam district or certain Agency_ tracts . whieh they inhabit; but ~e tribe as a whele has lost over 25 percent er its numbers in the 1ast years, it 1s un certain whether this is due to mortality or emigration. Koy~:- The Koya figures ·o£rer a ta1e of" steady increase breken only by a 6.; percent decrease over 1911-21. Thej.:r increase rate is much greatly t.han that for the other Chief AgenQY tribes. The Koyas have ne ar1y doub~ed s1nee 1891. Eighty percent o~ Kcyas are ~ound in the Oo~avari Agency. There they show an increase over 19~1 (there are no separate district agency rigures ror 1921) of 6.7 percent wh~1e the much smaller quota from Vizagapatam Agency has gone UP 148 percent. - 193+ Madras Report.,page 3'§h -29- C - NON-BA.CKWaRD CLASSES Brahman:- Among Brahmans, the main increase 1s among ~elugu Brahmans whose number have risen by more than . 15 percent. This increase has occured ch~efly in the distric·ts of' Guntur,Kistna and Vizagapatam. But :Cor the increase in the artisan community in those districts there weuld have been r0ason to suspect that part at ~east ef the increase was due to Kamsalas returned as V1sva ~. : ' Brahman and conrused with Brahmans 1n the abstraction ~fflces. With this pessibil1ty ru1ed ~ut~ it 1s di~ficult to s:r:rer any p~ausible explanation why Brahmans in these distr~cts should have increased £aster than other communi ties and raster than Brahmans who speak the other ...... J.anguages .:r the Presidenc y except Ma1aya1.am and Kanarese. It is among these sma11 communities that the proportion is greatest. ~92~ Madras RepKt P§ge 155. Bant:. Pract~cally the only community to show normal etntinuous growth over the forty years ~s the Bants who ha1~ signiricant~y rrom one of the most rem~e ~egions ef the Presidency, South Kanara. 193~ Madras Repo~t PSlse 3~4. L1ngayat:- Next in point of ~ncrease come the Lingayats who now number 171,000 ag~in~t 234,500 in ~9~~ an increase .. of' 27.1' percent • .i:.Iore than half' the sa people are in B~ary District where inspite or the f'act the pepul.a tion of" d1stric t has fallen by l~ perc cnt, the numboI' of' L:1ngayats has risen by 23,000 or nearly 30 percent; tho--- '-30- there are ~lso 3,000 of them in the State of Sandur where in 1911 they were only 200. They have ~ost a little ground ~n COimbatore, but 1n Salem they have more than dOUbled. The Lingayats on the Nilgiris are a section or the Badagas who follow the Llngayat doctrines. - 1921 Madras Report Pages 156-197 Na:'ler:- The Nayars show a cont..L..l.lI.4.l:;;:d inerease but the ~1gure for 1.911 is vory doubtfu1. - 1931 Madras Repo~ Page 3~4. ~elaga:- The increase ameng Telagas occurs • ch~efly in Godavari District, where there 1s a correspending decrease under Kapas and Te~agu speaking Palis. - 1921 Madras Report Page 155. Te1agas doubled them8e1ves in the thirty years lB9~.192~ and record a SUbstantial• increase• 1n the last • <. de.ade th4ugh their rate has been raIling rrom the 30 peroent of' 1891-1931..' T'his caste has its chief' home i.n a reg~.en ~arked by rapid growth in popu1at1.n in recent gecages, the Te1ugu delta districts and its 1nQrease prebabJ.y re:r~ects that nround it.·, Ii" so, the ra~ling rate is .1' serne i.nterest. - .193l Ivlndras 'Report Page 334. Vaisya: - The greatest increase is :i.n the Vais\'- who.have risen rrom 6,042 in 1911 to ].45,968 in 1.921;" tt.., increase is mostly accounted ror by a fa1.1 or 94,523 or 21 percent in the number of Komatis; and the greater PQr~ of this 10S8 is in the district of Gwntur. - '~92~ MRdras Report Page 155. -31- D - OTHER CASTES Ambalakaran, Muttir~yan and Mutr2£ha:- There is another ser~es or Castes between which there is a rush or conrusion - Aroba1akaran, Mutracha and Muttiriyan. Amba~akarans rose ~n 1911, but in 1921 rel1 to the level at which they were in 1901, Mutrachas 1'el1 in 1.921, but in 1921 have r~sen by 48 percent; while Muttiriyans have increased steadily at each Census, A'Muthuraja Sangam~ has recently been started in Trichinopoly, and the preference for the tit1e Mutrncha may be 8scr1bed to.the activities of' this Sangam. ~92! Mndras Repnrt Page 156. ~oYa:- The Boyas would have joined them but :for a rem~rkable leap of' nearly 25 percent in the 1ast decade. - 1931 Madras Rep"rt Page 334. Qamalla,Indra & ldiga (Others):- The next ~argest increase is in the Gamalla Caste. There is at this Census as there has been since ).90J., some interchange between. the Idiga, Indra and Gama11a Castes. The traditional ~cupation of all these castes is the drawing o~ Teddy and the three castes h~VG recently found a commen orga~lsation under the tit1e or Arya H1h1da or Settl Ba1ija Sangam. 1921 Madras ReQort Page 159. ~ummara, Kumbara and Kumbhar:- The nGxt castes to engage attention are the Kummara, Kumbara and Kumbha~~ Evidently either at this Census or in the former years -32- years there has been C onf'usion between the dif'f'erent 1anguages. In as much as the caste sorting was at this census done by language, there ~s at the 1east a probability that the 1921 f1gures may be more accurate. - 1921 :Madras Report Page l.56. K.hatriya~- The noxt most marked increase is in Kshatriyas and for the same reason as in the case of' Va~syas. A desire ror social advancement Dr some more subtle reason induces various bodies such as the Razus of the Circars" the Pall.is (of both the Tamil and Telugu Branches) or the Nadars to return ~he1r caste as Kshatriy 1921 Madras Report Page 155. Lebbai 'Mus~im);- The apparent £a11 in the number of' Labbal ~s accounted for by the common tendency or a Labba! as he rises in the social sca1e, to c1aim membership of the Sheikh, Sanyal, Pathan etc. tribes. - 192~ 1iadras Repert Page ~60. Labbais are a notably high proliric community. They have diminished apparently by 5 percent over a decadr- o£ general increase. I~ we were to examine the number o~ reported Sheikhs and other filusalman Tribes in the Labbai Zone the explanation or this apparent decline of a ~lour1shing community would be explained. - .1931 N[adras ReEort Pages 334. ~33- Maravan: - The Maravans of" Madura and Tinnevel1y have increased by 50 and 30 percent, whi1e in Ramnad their numbers have risen by 9.2 percent. In Madura there is a corresponding decrease o:f Balijas, and in Tinnevelly there is a marked :fall in the number o:f Vellalas and or Paraiyans; but it is unnecessary' if" not impossible to regard this increase and these decreases as caUSe and errect. - 1921 :Madras Report Page 157. MappiJla (Musl.im): - The Mapp11.l.a who si.nce the Census has made himself notorious by this great rebellion is at home only on the West Coast. His numbers have risen by 6t percent since 1911 and we have seen that this increase is at least in part due to conversions :from among the Cherumans. - 1921 Madras Rep~rt Page ~60 Vaniyan: - Vaniyans are hali' ·their· 192~ :figures 0 Some of' this may be liue to confusion with Vannlyans though the sounds o:f the words in Tamil are so dif:ferent that this is not probably a source or much error; particular care waS taken in the abstraction c£rices with terms bearing any possibility of confusi~n •. - 1931 Madras Report Page 334~ ...,.---__.., ..... _------ ...... _------