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Nation of Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/18/10 8:44 AM

Nation of Islam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ummat al-Islāmu) is a Part of a series on ,ﺃﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ :The Nation of Islam (NOI) (Arabic religious group founded in Detroit, Michigan, by Nation of Islam Fard Muhammad in July 1930 with the self-proclaimed goal of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of the black men and women of America. NOI also promotes the belief that God will bring about a universal government of peace.[1]

From 1978 to the present, has been the leader of a reconstituted Nation of Islam, the original organization having been renamed and dissolved by Warith Deen Muhammad. The Nation of Islam's National Center and headquarters is located in , , Famous leaders and is also home to its flagship Mosque No. 2, Mosque Maryam. · · · As of 2005, the Nation of Islam was included in the Southern Poverty · Louis Farrakhan Law Center's list of active hate groups in the United States.[2]

History and beliefs Saviours' Day · Contents Nation of Islam and · · Yakub · 1 History 2 Beliefs and theology 2.1 Official Platform Publications 2.2 Cosmology · · Message to the Blackman in America · 2.3 Black experience of slavery was prophecy 2.4 Separatism 2.5 Teachings on race 2.6 The Mother Plane and Ezekiel's Wheel Subsidiaries and offshoots 2.7 Criticisms American Society of Muslims · 2.8 Legend of the 1975 death of Elijah Muhammad · The Nation of Gods and Earths · 3 Antisemitism New · 4 Comparison with traditional Islam United Nation of Islam · 5 Actions and programs Your Black Muslim Bakery 6 Noted current and former members and associates of Nation of Islam 7 In Popular Culture 8 See also 9 Audio/video webcasts 10 References 11 External links

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11.1 Nation of Islam Links 11.2 Non-NOI Muslims

History

The original Nation of Islam was founded in Detroit, Michigan in 1930 by Wallace Fard Muhammad also known as Master W. D. Fard Muhammad (1877-1934 or later). The Nation of Islam teaches that W. Fard Muhammad is both the "Messiah" of and the Mahdi of Islam. One of Fard's first disciples was Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975), who led the organization from Elijah Muhammad standing behind microphones at 1935 through 1975. [1] (http://www.noi.org) podium By the time Elijah Muhammad died in 1975, [3] Current Nation of Islam there were 75 centers across America. In leader Louis Farrakhan 1975, Warith Deen Mohammed or W.D. (Wallace) Muhammad was installed as Supreme Minister of the Nation of Islam. Thereupon he renamed the organization "The World Community of Al-Islam in the West" which later became the American Society of Muslims and shunned his father's theology and black separatist views, and accepted whites as fellow worshipers and forged closer ties with mainstream Muslim communities in an attempt to bring the Nation of Islam closer into Sunni Islam.

Beliefs and theology

The main belief of The Nation of Islam and its followers is that there is no other God but Allah. However, they redefine "Allah" by saying "who came in the person of W. D. Fard." Fard founded the Nation of Islam and subsequently installed Elijah Muhammad as the organization's leader. Their teachings are heretical by traditional African American topics Islamic standards which abhor the deification of any person, or the anthropomorphization of God. African American history The official beliefs of the Nation of Islam have been outlined in · books, documents, and articles published by the organization as well Slavery in the United States as speeches by Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, and African American military history other ministers. Many of Elijah Muhammad's teachings may be found · in Message to the Blackman in America and The True History of Civil Rights Movements 1896–1954 and as Taught by the Honorable Elijah Muhammad [4]. Many of 1955–1968 Malcolm X's teachings of NOI theology are in his The End of White · Reparations World Supremacy, while a later more critical discussion of those file:///Sepher/Teaching/Messages/ComparativeReligion/Resources/Nation%20of%20Islam.webarchive Page 2 of 13 Nation of Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/18/10 8:44 AM World Supremacy, while a later more critical discussion of those African American culture beliefs can be found in The Autobiography of Malcolm X, co-written with Alex Haley. African American studies Neighborhoods · Passed down via written lessons from 1930-1934 from W. Fard · Art · Museums Muhammad to his student, Elijah Muhammad, referred to and titled, Dance · Literature · Music The Supreme Wisdom the Nation of Islam continues to teach its followers that the present world society is segmented into three Religion distinct categories. They teach that from a general perspective, 85% · of the world's people of all races and faiths are the deaf, dumb and Black liberation theology blind masses of the people who are easily led in the wrong direction Doctrine of Father Divine and hard to lead in the right direction. These 85% of the masses are Black Hebrew said to be manipulated by 10% of the people who are referred to as Nation of Islam · Rastafari the rich slave-makers of the masses of the people. Those 10% rich slave-makers are said to manipulate the 85% masses of the people Political movements through ignorance, the skillful use of religious doctrine and the mass Pan-Africanism · media. Nationalism · Capitalism Conservatism · Populism The third group referred to as the 5% poor righteous teachers of the Leftism · Black Panther Party people of the world who know the truth of the manipulation of the 85% masses of the people by the 10% and that 5% righteous teachers are at constant struggle and war with 10% to reach and free the minds Civic and economic groups [5] of the masses of the people. NAACP · SCLC · CORE · SNCC · NUL Rights groups · ASALH · UNCF Official Platform NBCC · NPHC · The Links · NCNW

An official Nation of Islam platform referred to as "The Muslim Sports Program" was written by Elijah Muhammad in his book Message to the Blackman in America, published in 1965. The itemized platform CIAA · SIAC · MEAC · SWAC contains two sections; What The Muslims Want consisting of 10 points and What The Muslims Believe consisting of 12 points. [6] Ethnic sub-divisions Black Indians · Cosmology Languages The NOI teaches that the Earth and Moon were once the same, and English · Gullah · Creole that the Earth is over 76 trillion years old.[7] The entire land mass on African American Vernacular the Earth was called "Asia". This was, Elijah Muhammad claims, long Diaspora before Adam.[8] Liberia · Nova Scotia · France Sierra Leone · United Kingdom Black experience of slavery was Bible prophecy Lists The NOI teaches that constitute a nation and that African through the institution of the Atlantic slave trade they were African-American firsts systematically denied knowledge of their past history, language, First mayors · US state firsts culture, and religion and, in effect, lost control of their lives. Central Landmark legislation to this doctrine, NOI theology asserts that black people’s experience file:///Sepher/Teaching/Messages/ComparativeReligion/Resources/Nation%20of%20Islam.webarchive Page 3 of 13 Nation of Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/18/10 8:44 AM

Landmark legislation to this doctrine, NOI theology asserts that black people’s experience of slavery was the fulfillment of Bible prophecy and therefore, black Related topics people are the seed of Abraham referred to in the Bible, in Genesis Black and African people 15:13–14: Category · Portal

And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I Part of a series on judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance.

—King James Version

Separatism

In an interview on NBC's Meet the Press, Louis Farrakhan was asked by Tim Russert to explain the Nation of Islam's view on separation: "Tim Russert: Once a week, on the back page [of your newspaper] is The Islam Muslim Program, "What the Muslims Want," [written in 1965]. The first is in terms of territory, "Since we cannot get along with them in peace and equality, Beliefs we believe our contributions to this land and the suffering forced upon us by white America justifies our demand for complete separation in a state or Allah · Oneness of God territory of our own." Is that your view in 1997, a separate state for Black Muhammad · Other Americans?" Practices "Minister Louis Farrakhan: First, the program starts with number one. That is number four. The first part of that program is that we want freedom, a full and Profession of faith · Prayer complete freedom. The second is, we want justice. We want equal justice Fasting · Charity · Pilgrimage under the law, and we want justice applied equally to all, regardless of race or class or color. And the third is that we want equality. We want equal membership in society with the best in civilized society. If we can get that Texts and laws within the political, economic, social system of America, there's no need for point number four. But if we cannot get along in peace after giving America 400 years of our service and sweat and labor, then, of course, separation would Qur'an · Sunnah · Hadith be the solution to our race problem." [9] Fiqh · Sharia · Kalam · Sufism

Teachings on race History and leadership The Nation of Islam teaches that Black people were the original humans. Louis Farrakhan has stated that " are potential humans…they Timeline of Muslim history haven’t evolved yet." [10] However, Farrakhan further expounded by saying, Ahl al-Bayt · Sahaba Sunni · Shi'a "If you look at the human family — now, I'm talking about black, brown, red, Rashidun · Shi'a imams yellow and white — we all seem to be frozen on a subhuman level of existence. In Islam and, I believe, in Christian theology and Jewish theology as well, there are three stages of human development. The first stage is called Culture and society the animalistic stage of development. But when we submit to animal passions, then we can do things to one another in that animalistic stage of Academics · Animals · Art development. But when moral consciousness comes and we have a self- file:///Sepher/Teaching/Messages/ComparativeReligion/Resources/Nation%20of%20Islam.webarchive Page 4 of 13 Nation of Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/18/10 8:44 AM

Academics · Animals · Art development. But when moral consciousness comes and we have a self- Calendar · Children accusing spirit, it is then that we become human beings. Right now, we have Demographics · Festivals the potential for humanity, but we have not reached that potential, because we Mosques · Philosophy are functioning on the animalistic plane of existence." [11] Science · Women Politics · Dawah "The Blackman is the original man. From him came all brown, yellow, red, and white people. By using a special method of birth control law, the Islam and other religions Blackman was able to produce the white race. This method of birth control was developed by a Black scientist known as Yakub, who envisioned making and teaching a nation of people who would be diametrically opposed to the Christianity · Original People. A Race of people who would one day rule the original people Hinduism · Sikhism · Jainism and the earth for a period of 6,000 years. Yakub promised his followers that he would graft a nation from his own people, and he would teach them how to rule his people, through a system of tricks and lies whereby they use deceit to See also divide and conquer, and break the unity of the darker people, put one brother against another, and then act as mediators and rule both sides." [12] Criticism · Islamophobia In an interview on NBC's Meet the Press, Louis Farrakhan said the following Glossary of Islamic terms in response to host Tim Russert's question on the Nation of Islam's teachings on race: Islam portal

"You know, it’s not unreal to believe that white people — who genetically cannot produce yellow, brown or black — had a Black origin. The scholars and scientists of this world agree that the origin of man and humankind started in Africa and that the first parent of the world was black. The Qur'an says that God created Adam out of black mud and fashioned him into shape. So if white people came from the original people, the Black people, what is the process by which you came to life? That is not a silly question. That is a scientific question with a scientific answer. It doesn't suggest that we are superior or that you are inferior. It suggests, however, that your birth or your origin is from the black people of this earth: superiority and inferiority is determined by our righteousness and not by our color."[9]

Pressed by Russert on whether he agreed with Elijah Muhammad's preaching that whites are blue-eyed devils, Farrakhan responded:

"Well, you have not been saints in the way you have acted toward the darker peoples of the world and toward even your own people. But, in truth, Mr. Russert, any human being who gives themself over to the doing of evil could be considered a devil. In the Bible, in the Book of Revelation, it talks about the fall of Babylon. It says Babylon is fallen because she has Meeting where Elijah Muhammad become the habitation of devils. We believe that that ancient Babylon is a addresses followers symbol of a modern Babylon, which is America."

While Malcolm X was a member of the Nation of Islam, he preached that black people were genetically superior to white people but were dominated by a system of .

Thoughtful white people know they are inferior to Black people. Even [Senator James] Eastland knows it. Anyone who has studied the genetic phase of biology knows that white is considered recessive and black is considered dominant. ..The entire American economy is based on white supremacy. Even the religious philosophies, in essence, white supremacy. A white Jesus. A white Virgin. White angels. White everything. file:///Sepher/Teaching/Messages/ComparativeReligion/Resources/Nation%20of%20Islam.webarchive Page 5 of 13 Nation of Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/18/10 8:44 AM

But a black Devil, of course. The "Uncle Sam" political foundation is based on white supremacy, relegating nonwhites to second−class citizenship. It goes without saying that the social philosophy is strictly white supremacist. And the educational system perpetuates white supremacy.[13]

The Nation of Islam teaches that intermarriage or race mixing should be prohibited. This is point 10 of the official platform, "What the Muslims Want" published 1965.

The Mother Plane and Ezekiel's Wheel

Elijah Muhammad taught his followers about a Mother Plane or Wheel, a UFO that was seen and described in the visions of the Ezekiel in the Book of Ezekiel, in the Hebrew Bible.

Now as I looked at the living creatures, I saw a wheel on the earth beside the living creatures, one for each of the four of them. As for the appearance of the wheels and their construction: their appearance was like the gleaming of beryl. And the four had the same likeness, their appearance and construction being as it were a wheel within a wheel. When they went, they went in any of their four directions without turning as they went. And their rims were tall and awesome, and the rims of all four were full of eyes all around.

—Book of Ezekiel Chapter 1:15-18, Bible, English Standard Version

Louis Farrakhan, commenting on his teacher's description said the following:

The Honorable Elijah Muhammad told us of a giant Mother Plane that is made like the universe, spheres within spheres. White people call them unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Ezekiel, in the , saw a wheel that looked like a cloud by day but a pillar of fire by night. The Honorable Elijah Muhammad said that that wheel was built on the island of Nippon, which is now called Japan, by some of the Original scientists. It took $15 billion in gold at that time to build it. It is made of the toughest steel. America does not yet know the composition of the steel used to make an instrument like it. It is a circular plane, and the Bible says that it never makes turns. Because of its circular nature it can stop and travel in all directions at speeds of thousands of miles per hour. He said there are 1,500 small wheels in this Mother Wheel, which is a half mile by a half mile (800 m by 800 m). This Mother Wheel is like a small human-built planet. Each one of these small planes carry three bombs.

The Honorable Elijah Muhammad said these planes were used to set up mountains on the earth. The Qur'an says it like this: We have raised mountains on the earth lest it convulse with you. How do you raise a mountain, and what is the purpose of a mountain? Have you ever tried to balance a tire? You use weights to keep the tire balanced. That's how the earth is balanced, with mountain ranges. The Honorable Elijah Muhammad said that we have a type of bomb that, when it strikes the earth a drill on it is timed to go into the earth and explode at the height that you wish the mountain to be. If you wish to take the mountain up a mile (1.6 km), you time the drill to go a mile (1.6 km) in and then explode. The bombs these planes have are timed to go one mile (1.6 km) down and bring up a mountain one mile (1.6 km) high, but it will destroy everything within a 50-square-mile (130 km²) radius. The white man writes in his above top secret memos of the UFOs. He sees them around his military installations like they are spying.

That Mother Wheel is a dreadful-looking thing. White folks are making movies now to make these planes look like fiction, but it is based on something real. The Honorable Elijah Muhammad said that Mother Plane is so powerful that with sound reverberating in the atmosphere, just with a sound, she can crumble buildings.

—Minister Louis Farrakhan, The Divine Destruction of America: Can She Avert It?[14]

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Criticisms

The first book analyzing the Nation of Islam was The Black Muslims in America (1961) by C. Eric Lincoln. Lincoln describes the use of doctrines during religious services.

Often the minister reads passages from well-known historical, sociological, or anthropological works, and finds in them inconspicuous references to the Blackman’s true history in the world.... Occasionally the minister chides the audience for its skepticism: “I know you don't believe me because I happen to be a Black man. Well, you can look it up in a book I’m going to tell you about that was written by a white man.” He then reads off references that his hearers are challenged to check.

Legend of the 1975 death of Elijah Muhammad

Members of The Nation of Islam have long held that Elijah Muhammad did not die, but instead escaped a death plot, was restored to health, and is aboard “that huge wheel-like plane that is even now flying over our heads.” Among Muhammad's passengers on the Mother Wheel is the mysterious figure named W.D. Fard.[15]

Antisemitism

A number of Jewish organizations, Christian organizations, and academics consider the Nation of Islam to be antisemitic. Professor David W. Leinweber, Ph.D. of Emory University asserts that the Nation Of Islam has engaged in revisionist and antisemitic interpretations of the Holocaust and that they exaggerate the role of in the trans-Atlantic slave trade.[16]

The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) alleges that NOI Health Minister, Abdul Alim Muhammad, has accused Jewish doctors of injecting Blacks with the AIDS virus,[17] an allegation that Dr. Abdul Alim Muhammad has denied.

The Nation of Islam has repeatedly denied charges of anti-Semitism,[18] and NOI leader Minister Louis Farrakhan has stated, "The ADL .. uses the term 'anti-Semitism' to stifle all criticism of Zionism and the Zionist policies of the State of and also to stifle all legitimate criticism of the errant behavior of some Jewish people toward the non-Jewish population of the earth."[19]

Responding to the widely reported assertion that he referred to Judaism as a dirty and "gutter religion", Farrakhan wrote a June 18 1997 letter to a former Wall Street Journal associate editor, Jude Wanniski, stating in part:

Countless times over the years I have explained that I never referred to Judaism as a dirty religion, but, clearly referred to the machinations of those who hide behind the shield of Judaism while using unjust political means to achieve their objectives. This was distilled in the New York tabloids and other media saying, "Farrakhan calls Judaism a gutter religion." As a Muslim, I revere Abraham, Moses, and all the Prophets who Allah (God) sent to the children of Israel. I believe in the scriptures brought by these Prophets and the Laws of Allah (God) as expressed in the Torah. I would never refer to the Revealed Word of Allah (God) -- the basis of Jewish Faith -- as "dirty" or "gutter." You know, Jude, as well as I, that the Revealed Word of Allah (God) comes as a Message from Allah (God) to purify us from our evil that has divided us

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and caused us to fall into the gutter. Over the centuries, the of Christians, Jews and Muslims have dirtied their respective religions. True Faith in the laws and Teaching of Abraham, Jesus and Muhammad is not dirty, but, practices in the name of these religions can be unclean and can cause people to look upon the misrepresented religion as being unclean.[20]

Jude Wanniski also defended the Nation of Islam against charges of and anti-Semitism, writing, "I've met dozens of men and women who belong to the Nation of Islam, attended many of their conferences, and prayed with them in their Chicago mosque to the God of Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Mohammed. I've concluded beyond any reasonable doubt that there is not an ounce of anti-Semitism or bigotry in Farrakhan."[21]

The Nation of Islam has had friendly relations with the Neturei Karta, a small, controversial Jewish group that is well-known for its association with and support for anti-Zionists. Neturei Karta stressed that NOI leader, "Minister Louis Farrakhan is an extraordinary force for good in the Black community. His followers are responsible, industrious, modest and moral. And for this he and they have our respect."[22]

In a letter responding to ADL Director Abraham Foxman's insistence that black leaders distance themselves from the Nation of Islam, hip hop mogul Russell Simmons wrote, "Simply put, you are misguided, arrogant, and very disrespectful of and most importantly your statements will unintentionally or intentionally lead to a negative impression of Jews in the minds of millions of African Americans", he continued, "For over 50 years, Minister Farrakhan has labored to resurrect the downtrodden masses of African Americans up out of poverty and self-destruction" and indicated that he had personally witnessed Farrakhan affirm, 'A Muslim can not hate a Jew. We are all members of the family of Abraham and all of us should maintain dialogue and mutual respect.'" [23]

Comparison with traditional Islam

The Nation of Islam preaches adherence to the Five Pillars of the Islamic Faith: shahadah, or profession of faith; salat, or prayer, five times daily facing toward Mecca; zakat, charity to the poor; sawm, fasting during the holy month of Ramadan; and hajj, a pilgrimage to Mecca required of every Muslim financially and physically able to go, at least once in his or her lifetime. The NOI also teaches morality and personal decorum, emphasizing modesty, mutual respect, and discipline in dress and comportment. NOI adherents do not consume pork, frown upon the consumption of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco, and stress a healthy diet and physical fitness. However, the Nation of Islam argues that because of the unique experience of the oppression and degradation of slavery, Elijah Muhammad used unique methods for introducing Islam to his people. Traditional Islamic beliefs however, stand in stark opposition to the entire theological and creedal foundation of the Nation of Islam.[24]

Other doctrines of the Nation of Islam are disputed, specifically:

God's incarnation NOI teaches that "Allah (God) appeared in the Person of Master W. Fard Muhammad, July 1930; the long-awaited Messiah of the Christians and the Mahdi of the Muslims. Traditional Sunni and Shi'a Muslim doctrine is that it is heretical file:///Sepher/Teaching/Messages/ComparativeReligion/Resources/Nation%20of%20Islam.webarchive Page 8 of 13 Nation of Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/18/10 8:44 AM

and blasphemous to believe that God would manifest Himself in human form (or any material form). Likening any individual(s) to [25] God is a form of shirk—a major sin in Islam. A little mosque of Nation of Islam in Baton Rouge, Relations with whites , United States, NOI teaches that the Black man is the original man, and from 2005. him came all brown, yellow, and white people. By using a special method of birth control law, the Blackman was able to produce the white race.[12] Traditional Islam teaches that all races are equal. One of the influences in Malcolm X's decision to leave NOI and join traditional Islam was witnessing this equality of races during the Hajj (pilgrimage in Makkah). Islam recognizes the Biblical and Qur’anic figure, the patriarch Jacob, but this Jacob is viewed by Muslims as a prophet, and is not connected to the Yakub of the NOI. Traditional Islam does not teach of the Yakub featured in Nation of Islam theology.

Perspectives on the Quran. The vast majority of Muslims, worldwide, believe that it was Allah's final revelation to mankind and that it was given to the Islamic prophet Muhammad between the years of 610 and 632. The NOI states that they believe in the Qur'an and the writings of all the prophets of God.[26]

Status of the Islamic prophet Muhammad vs. other prophets. Mainstream Islam teaches that Muhammad was the last of the messengers that Allah has sent to mankind--there would be no more, and the one for all to follow. The Nation of Islam believes that Elijah Muhammad was also a messenger and was taught by God Himself (W. D. Fard).[27]

Practice of Friday prayers: For decades the Nation of Islam ignored the Jumuah, a pillar of practice for Muslims. This was changed in 2002, when W. Deen Mohammed, an orthodox Muslim opposed to , delivered the Friday sermon at the Convention Center.[28] Actions and programs

The NOI has a do-for-self philosophy that resulted in the NOI owning and operating hundreds of businesses nationwide, employing thousands of people. The NOI has purchased and now operates food-industry services, bakeries, and restaurants. It owns a large amount of farmland in . It owns and operates hair-care shops. Some of these business ventures have been success stories. Others have been criticized as Amway-style marketing schemes that have not benefited most of their employees. NOI preacher in 1999, in The NOI has worked to clean up drug addicts, reform prostitutes, and keep England. black youth out of gangs. It has helped some newly released ex-convicts make a new start and stay out of jail.

In The Fire Next Time, James Baldwin wrote:

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Elijah Muhammad has been able to do what generations of “ welfare workers and committees and resolutions and reports and housing projects and playgrounds have failed to do: to heal and redeem drunkards and junkies, to convert people who have come out of prison and to keep them out, to make men chaste and women virtuous, and to invest both the male and the female with pride and a serenity that hang about them like an unfailing light. He has done all these things, which our Christian church has spectacularly failed to do. (James A Nation of Islam member Baldwin, The Fire Next Time, New York: Vintage sells copies of the Final Call International/Random House, 1963) ” newspaper and what looks to be assorted oils and perfumes. During the 1980s when crack cocaine became very common, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development employed several private firms run by members of the Nation of Islam to provide security in housing projects in black neighborhoods. The Anti-Defamation League was successful in its controversial lobbying of Congress to sever the HUD contracts [29]. Noted current and former members and associates of Nation of Islam

Elijah Muhammad Louis Farrakhan Malcolm X - Later converted to mainstream Islam Muhammad Ali - Later converted to mainstream Sunni Islam Benjamin Chavis Muhammad Betty Shabazz - Later converted to mainstream Islam Khadijah Farrakhan - Was associated with the Nation of Islam, but never a regular member.[30] MC Ren - Later converted to mainstream Islam Michael Jackson Jermaine Jackson Busta Rhymes Kam (rapper) John Allen Muhammad - The Beltway Sniper, Gulf war veteran, former NOI member [31] Khalid Abdul Muhammad - Spokesperson of the Nation of Islam until 1993 Warith Deen Mohammed Dogg[32] In Popular Culture

In Showtime's Weeds, Heylia falls for Nation of Islam member Joseph. She later uses the religion as a cover for her drug trafficking when she is tipped off about a DEA drug raid in her home. In HBO's , contract killer Brother Mouzone is a devout member of the Nation of Islam, expresses black nationalist sentiments, and dresses in a style very similar to dress of common NOI men. In Jeffrey Eugenides novel Middlesex, the character Desdemona is employed as a silk maker at NOI's Mosque Number 1 in Detroit. file:///Sepher/Teaching/Messages/ComparativeReligion/Resources/Nation%20of%20Islam.webarchive Page 10 of 13 Nation of Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/18/10 8:44 AM

See also

Black separatism Black supremacy The Final Call Fruit of Islam (FOI) History of the Nation of Islam Islam in the African diaspora List of topics related to Black and African people Moorish Science Temple of America (MGT) The Nation of Gods and Earths Nation of Islam and antisemitism Zebra Audio/video webcasts

Saviours' Day 2007 Webcast: 'One Nation Under God' by Minister Louis Farrakhan, Feb. 25, 2007 (http://www.sd2007.com/webcast/) Messenger Elijah Muhammad's Theology of Time Lecture Series (http://www.seventhfam.com/audio/tot/) Messenger Elijah Muhammad's Classic Lectures (http://www.seventhfam.com/audio/lectures/) Mr. Muhammad Speaks Radio Broadcasts (http://www.seventhfam.com/audio/broadcasts/) Messenger Muhammad's Saviour's Day and other Historic Videos (http://www.seventhfam.com/video/) March, 2006 Havana, Cuba Press Conference (http://www.finalcall.com/media/cuba/) Let us make man (http://video.google.com/videoplay? docid=3900067876008104453&q=farrakhan&pl=true) BBC Video (http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/video/38042000/rm/_38042916_farrakhan_hiphop1_vi.ram) May, 2004 National Press Club Press Conference (http://www.finalcall.com/pressconference/) (Nation of Islam's Position on Iraq and the "War on Terror") (http://www.millionsmoremovement.com/news/detroit_fox-news.htm) (FOX News Interview) Nation of Islam's Position On the of Malcolm X (http://www.finalcall.com/webcast/malcolmx/) Malcolm X Reloaded: Who Really Assassinated Malcolm X (http://www.malcolmxreloaded.podomatic.com) References

1. ^ The Emergence of Islam in the African-American Community, http://www.islamfortoday.com/africanamerican02.htm 2. ^ "Active U.S. Hate Groups in 2006". Southern Poverty Law Center. http://www.splcenter.org/intel/map/hate.jsp? T=32&m=5. Retrieved on 2007-09-15. 3. ^ Muhammad's Temple of Islam (http://www.muhammadspeaks.com/Temples.html) , Information taken from the October 4, 1974 edition of Muhammad Speaks Newspaper 4. ^ Chicago: Coalition for the Remembrance of Elijah Muhammad, 1992 file:///Sepher/Teaching/Messages/ComparativeReligion/Resources/Nation%20of%20Islam.webarchive Page 11 of 13 Nation of Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/18/10 8:44 AM

5. ^ Assignment of Mr. Elijah Muhammad, The Supreme Wisdom, February 20, 1934; Power at Last Forever, Minister Louis Farrakhan, Madison Square Garden, New York, October, 1985 6. ^ "The Muslim Program". The Nation of Islam. http://www.noi.org/muslim_program.htm. Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 7. ^ Elijah Muhammad's 1961 " Speech", quoted in Louis E. Lomax's When The Word Is Given... (http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=99006143) 8. ^ Message to the Blackman, Elijah Muhammad, 1965] 9. ^ a b http://www.finalcall.com/national/mlf-mtp5-13-97.html FCN/NBC, 1997 10. ^ Inquirer, 3/18/00 11. ^ Transcript, 10/16/00 12. ^ a b Elijah Muhammad|Message to the Blackman in America, Muhammad's Temple No. 2, 1965 & Dorothy Blake Fardan, Yakub and the Origins of White Supremacy, Lushena Books, 2001 13. ^ Malcolm X The Playboy Interview: Malcolm X, interviewed by Alex Haley, Playboy Magazine, May 1963 14. ^ FCN, 1996 (http://www.finalcall.com/MLFspeaks/destruction.html) 15. ^ Mattias Gardell. 1996. In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Duke University Press. 16. ^ H-ANTISEMITISM OCCASIONAL PAPERS, NO. 1M (http://www.h- net.msu.edu/~antis/papers/occasional.papers.html) 17. ^ Nation of Islam (http://www.adl.org/focus_sheets/focus_islam.asp) 18. ^ Farrakhan and the Jewish Rift; A Historic Reference (http://www.noi.org/statements/statements_press_10-07- 2000.htm) 19. ^ The Final Call, February 16, 1994 20. ^ "Judaism a Gutter Religion" - Farrakhan rebuts canard (http://www.noi.org/statements/rift/Wanniski12-22-1997.htm) 21. ^ Memo, 10-28-98, Fire Abe Foxman! (http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/10-28-98.html) 22. ^ Letter to Journal News 12/31/99 (http://www.nkusa.org/activities/letters/journalnews123199.cfm) 23. ^ Hip Hop Summit Action Network Press Release, May 9, 2005http://www.millionsmoremovement.com/news/russell- simmons05-09-2005.htm 24. ^ The Religion of Islam and the Nation of Islam: What is the Difference?, Mustafa El-Amin, El-Amin Productions, Newark, N.J., 1991 25. ^ Philips, Abu Ameenah Bilal. The Fundamentals of Tawheed (Islamic Monotheism). Al-Hidaayah. ISBN 1898649405. 26. ^ NOI.org: The Official Website for The Nation of Islam (http://www.noi.org) 27. ^ http://www.religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/Nofislam.html.com 28. ^ Daniel Wood. "America's black Muslims close a rift". CSMonitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0214/p03s01- ussc.html. 29. ^ Memo, 3-3-98; And Then There Were None (http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/03-03-98.html) 30. ^ Chillin' with Cube | Film | The Guardian (http://film.guardian.co.uk/Feature_Story/feature_story/0,4120,140252,00.html) 31. ^ Minister Louis Farrakhan addresses sniper arrest (http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_2285.shtml) 32. ^ "Snoop Dogg appears at Nation of Islam convention." (http://home.peoplepc.com/psp/newsstory.asp? cat=Entertainment&referrer=welcome&id=20090301/49aa2460_3ca6_15526200903011036423904) PeoplePC News. Accessed on March 1, 2009.

30. ^http://www.ccky.org/PDF%20Files/prison/Nation%20of%20Islam.pdf External links

Nation of Islam Links

file:///Sepher/Teaching/Messages/ComparativeReligion/Resources/Nation%20of%20Islam.webarchive Page 12 of 13 Nation of Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 5/18/10 8:44 AM

Official Website The Nation of Islam (http://www.noi.org) (N.O.I.) Official Website The Nation of Islam of Canada (http://www.noic.ca) (N.O.I.C.) Nation of Islam affiliated Final Call Newspaper website (http://www.finalcall.com) The New Nation of Islam Website, not affiliated with the 'Nation of Islam' under Louis Farrakhan (http://www.thenewnationofislam.com) Nation de Islam, Paris, France (Français) (http://www.nationdelislam.com) Seventhfam-- Elijah Muhammad's Teachings Online (http://www.seventhfam.com) Millions More Movement (http://www.millionsmoremovement.com) Nation of Islam's "Muhammad Farms" Project (http://www.muhammadfarms.com/) Malcolm X Reloaded Podcast (http://www.malcolmxreloaded.podomatic.com) The Immortal Birth Book, The Nation of Gods and Earths (http://www.immortalbirth.com) (Advertisement) A personal account of the Nation of Islam and its teachings (http://brothermustafaa.com) Walker, Dennis Searching for African American Nationhood: Looking Into the Nation of Islam (Interview) (http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite? c=Article_C&cid=1181062652546&pagename=Zone-English-Muslim_Affairs%2FMAELayout) What is Orthodox Islam? Asked by a follower of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad (http://brothermustafaa.com/prophetmuhammad3.htm)

Non-NOI Muslims

Tawhid and Shirk: A Clear Guide to Islam (http://www.bahagia.btinternet.co.uk/tawhid.htm) The Nation of Islam Exposed (http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/4222/noi.html) The Nation of Islam is not Islam (http://www.muhajabah.com/noi.htm) Learn about true Islam (http://english.islamway.com) "Islamic Internationalist" web magazine (http://www.islamint.org)

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