The Eternal Horizon: Landscapes from the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery

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The Eternal Horizon: Landscapes from the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Sheldon Museum of Art Catalogues and Publications Sheldon Museum of Art 1991 The Eternal Horizon: Landscapes from the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery Daphne A. Deeds Curator at Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, University of Nebraska- Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sheldonpubs Part of the Art and Design Commons Deeds, Daphne A., "The Eternal Horizon: Landscapes from the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery" (1991). Sheldon Museum of Art Catalogues and Publications. 66. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sheldonpubs/66 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sheldon Museum of Art at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sheldon Museum of Art Catalogues and Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE ETERNAL HORIZON Landscapes from the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery THE ETERNAL HORIZON George Henry Bogert Arthur B. Davies 1864-1944 1862-1928 Sunset Moonlight Sonata n.d., oil on canvas c. 1890, oil on board 22 x 30 in. 4 1(2 x 8 5/8 in. UNL-Giftof NAA-Gift Mr. & Mrs. Thomas of JoAnn Kimball C. Woods in memory of 1953.U-131 Curtis Kimball Jr. 1979.N-655 Gary Bowling Lyonel Feininger 1948- 1871-1956 Minnesota Farm, Brooding Sky Puffy Clouds 1946, watercolor 1986, oil on canvas on paper 24 x 31 in. 123/8 x 183/4 in. UNL-OlgaN. UNL-Sheldon Bequest Sheldon CollectioI' 1950.U-l11 1986.U-400l William Bradford Alan Gussow 1823-1892 1931- Seascape, Terrace in the Sun Cliffs at Sunset n.d., oil on panel n.d., oil on board 95/8 x 13 in. 9 x 14 in. UNL-Olga N. Sheldon Loaned by Collection Carl Rohman 1973.U-3290 1988.L-250-88 Ralston Crawford Marsden Hartley 1906-1978 1877-1943 Easthampton Bridge Altar Boulder, 1940, oil on canvas Dogtown 16 x 22 in. 1931, oil on board UNL-F.M. Hall I 18 x 241/8 in. Collection UNL-Bequest of 1965.H-954 Bertha Schaefer 1971.U-821 Jasper Francis Cropsey 1823-1900 Doune Castle 1848, oil on canvas 14 x 21 in. Childe Hassam NAA-Giftof 1859-1935 Gloucester Harbor Mr. & Mrs. Frank H. Woods, in memory of 1894, oil on canvas Nelia Cochrane Quick 13 3/8 x 25 1/4 in. 1959.N-116 NAA-Thomas C. Woods Memorial Collection 1968.N-193 THE ETERNAL HORIZON: LANDSCAPES FROM THE SHELDON MEMORIAL ART GALLERY It is significant that the van Ruisdael and his student, landscape painters who worked earliest recorded historical docu­ Meindert Hobbema, provided in Fontainebleau paved the way mentation of landscape, as such, the influence that eventually for the Impressionists of the occurred in the same quarter dominated 19th-century land­ 1870s. And, it was certainly century as the Europeans' discov­ scape painting.3 The Dutch those Impressionists who ery of the New World. In 1494 artists also are credited with changed the concept of not only the German painter and print­ having created the first easel landscape, but all painting for maker, Albrecht DUrer, produced paintings that allowed for small generations to come. In the watercolor landscapes, probably renderings of the landscape to be words of Monet, the impression­ on site, in single sittings. Even shown in private homes. In the ist landscape is "a spontaneous PREFACE though Renaissance character­ mid-17th century, Nicolas work rather than a calculated Since man first gazed into the istics such as new techniques in Poussin, often considered the one," as exemplified by the re­ distance, landscape has defined the handling of light, atmos­ most important French painter of peated attempts by Impressionist us. The vertical human form pheric perspective and space are his century, followed the tradi­ artists to capture the transitional measured against the horizontal present in his work, DUrer's tions of recording ancient, effects of light. Simultaneous earth are the most constant co­ classical concepts. Painters with the Barbizon influence in ordinates by which we secure the watercolor sketches of pure influenced by Poussin favored a France, American painters such human condition. Standing on landscapes did not influence the the earth man surveys the world, art of his time. It was another classic linearity as opposed to the as Homer Dodge Martin were and applies meaning to the German, Albrecht Altdorfer, who subtleties of color. However, recording 'transitional' land­ expanse. "is credited with the first pure Poussin's contemporary, French scapes in the time period The enormous subject of landscapes--both in painting and landscape painter Claude between those of the Hudson landscape can be comprehended in prints. Altdorfer etched a Lorraine, favored the ideal, or River School in the 1820s and on many levels. Landscape can series of nine landscapes pastoral tradition that emphasizes the Impressionists in the mid- be a literal reference to a specific between 1517 and 1520 ... "1 light and atmospheric qualities. 1870s. These painters--Martin place; it can suggest an ideallo­ Altdorfer's singUlar point of Known as 'Claudian,' this and his French Barbizon counter­ cation, offering an alternative to approach influenced the pictur­ parts--related a "sensitivity to aflawed world. Landscape perspective both in his paintings esque beauty of the painters of atmosphere (that) identifies an refers to historical or mytholog­ and this series of etchings places icallocales, or it can transcend the horizon uncharacteristically the 17th through the 19th cent­ essentially Modernist point of the particular to become a meta­ low. It was during this time, and uries, especially the English view, an openness to sensory phor for human aspirations and by these members of the Danube painters Joseph William Mallord suggestion, a willingness to let fears. School in southwestern Turner and Richard Wilson. the brush define on its own terms In our daily lives, the curva­ Germany, that landscape painting John Constable, the English the character of the experience."5 ture of the earth and our accom­ was first treated as an indepen­ landscape painter of the late 18th In America, landscapes by modating vision conspire to dent genre. However, not until and early 19th centuries, is Thomas Cole in 1825 signaled a render the horizon immutable. the early years of the 19th known to have copied the works time for artists "suddenly able to But in spite of its familiarity and of Claude Lorraine. Constable see the American land as an seeming permanence, landscape century did America claim the is in many ways illusory. The landscape tradition. rebelled against the painting independent subject matter offer­ horizon, like the transitory nature Webster defmes landscape styles of his time and concen­ ing a wide variety of natural of life itself, is a temporary cond­ painting as a "picture represent­ trated on the constantly changing forms."6 Cole, Albert Bierstadt, ition, created by the union of ing a section of natural, inland effects of light and atmospheric Thomas Doughty, and Frederick light and our perceptions of the scenery, as of prairie, woodland, conditions. His influence is seen Edwin Church all traveled with global earth. But our trust in mountains, etc." Taken quite in the idealized works of the surveying expeditions, or traders, that meeting of land and sky is literally, then, it is no surprise Barbizon School in France-­ painting romantic, grandiose only as real as our beliefs. that until the 1800s most land­ where the landscape is an 'un­ interpretations of the natural en­ In the twentieth century, land­ scapes were merely scenes that adorned' subject. Also working vironment so new and wondrous scape can assume both represent­ in the mid-19th century was the to them. Those painters, who ational and abstract forms, and served as background for sub­ thus we can discover a full range jects of an historical nature. For realistic painter, Gustave became known as members of of emotional and intellectual example, historian Kenneth Courbet, whose subjects included the Hudson River School, re­ concepts in the traditional genre. Clark states that " ... the moun­ the landscape. Courbet's visual sponded to the 'call of the land' These twenty landscapes traverse tains of Gothic landscape remain attitude, controversial for the as a new generation of artists the history ofAmerican art unreal (because) medieval man time, was to paint realistically who recorded the entire devel­ history, offering the viewer a did not explore them." Clark what one saw, and thus was opment of the frontier. Cole's synopsis of this most favorite and also informs us that the "land­ consistent with Constable's work personifies the prevailing lasting theme. From these scape of fact," or the landscape philosophy, stated in the phrase, attitude in that American artists' visions we can return to of 17th century Holland "directly "I never saw an ugly thing in my moment when the role of the the local vista with renewed ap­ life! "4 Courbet's vision of nature human was 'sublime' to the preciation for the eternal verities influenced, or even created awesomeness of the natural land­ nature reveals to the observant. nineteenth -century vision ... "2 was different--less idealized-­ The straightforward, naturalistic than that of the Barbizon paint­ scape by which it was surround­ approach by the 17th century ers, and that vision was a major ed. And, additionally, that vast Daphne Anderson Deeds Dutch artists who concentrated factor in changing the course of awesomeness "reminded one of Curator/Assistant Director on the peace and quiet of the art. the power of God. "7 Dutch countryside, such as Jacob Courbet and the Barbizon Jasper Francis Cropsey, Keith Jacobshagen Charles Rain 1941- 1911-1985 Towards Bennet Imperial Dusk 1990, monotype,color 1966, oil on panel 193/4 x 15 5/8 in.
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