DOCSLIB.ORG

SEX OFFENSES a Report to the Alaska State Legislature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SEX OFFENSES a Report to the Alaska State Legislature SEX OFFENSES A Report to the Alaska State Legislature April 5, 2019 An overview on the data, research, law and policies relating to sex offenses in Alaska. The Alaska Criminal Justice Commission http://www.ajc.state.ak.us/alaska-criminal-justice-commission The Alaska Criminal Justice Commission Created by the Alaska State Legislature in 2014, the Alaska Criminal Justice Commission reviews Alaska’s criminal justice laws with the goals of reducing recidivism and improving cost- effectiveness within the criminal justice system. The Commission has 14 members: o Matt Claman, Chair, House of Representatives, Non-Voting o Joel Bolger, Chief Justice, Alaska Supreme Court o Sean Case, Anchorage Police Department o Kevin Clarkson, Attorney General Designee (formerly Jahna Lindemuth) o Shelley Hughes, Senate, Non-Voting (formerly John Coghill) o Adam Crum, Department of Health and Social Services Commissioner Designee, Non-Voting (formerly Valerie Davidson) o Nancy Dahlstrom, Department of Corrections Commissioner Designee (formerly Dean Williams) o Amanda Price, Department of Public Safety Commissioner Designee(formerly Walter Monegan) o Gregory Razo, representing the Alaska Native Community o Stephanie Rhoades, District Court Judge, Ret. o Brenda Stanfill, Victims’ Rights Advocate o Quinlan Steiner, Public Defender o Trevor Stephens, Superior Court Judge o Steve Williams, COO, Alaska Mental Health Trust Authority i Table of Contents I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 II. Data on Sex Offenses .......................................................................................................................................... 5 A. Victimization in Alaska ....................................................................................................................... 5 1. Victimization Survey .................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Reports to Law Enforcement .................................................................................................................... 7 3. Alaska compared to the rest of the United States ........................................................................ 11 B. Criminal sex offense case processing in Alaska ......................................................................... 14 1. Reports to Law Enforcement by Count/Statute Violation .......................................................... 15 2. From Report to Referral or Arrest ........................................................................................................ 17 3. From Referral or Arrest to Criminal Charging ................................................................................. 18 4. From Charge to Conviction .................................................................................................................... 19 5. Sex Offense Case Processing: Key Takeaways ................................................................................ 24 6. Incarceration ................................................................................................................................................ 25 7. Evidence in Sexual Offense Cases........................................................................................................ 27 8. Case Characteristics .................................................................................................................................. 30 C. Cases Involving Minors ................................................................................................................... 34 1. Cases involving victim minors ............................................................................................................... 34 2. Cases involving defendants who are minors ................................................................................... 36 3. SAM Cases in which the Defendant is Age 21 or Younger ........................................................ 38 D. Sex offender criminal histories and recidivism rates in Alaska............................................. 42 1. The difference between prior criminal history and recidivism ................................................. 42 2. UAA Recidivism Study .............................................................................................................................. 43 3. DOC Recidivism Data ............................................................................................................................... 46 4. Sex Offender Recidivism in Context ................................................................................................... 49 ii III. Alaska’s Sex Offense Sentencing Laws ..................................................................................................... 53 A. Sentencing in Alaska ........................................................................................................................ 53 B. Laws pre-2006 ................................................................................................................................... 56 C. 2006: Senate Bill 218 ........................................................................................................................ 57 D. Incarceration Trends and Research since 2006 ......................................................................... 58 1. Changes in Incarceration ........................................................................................................................ 59 2. Updating the Research ............................................................................................................................ 60 E. Victim Advocate Concerns about Alaska’s Sex Offense Laws ................................................ 61 IV. Sex Offender Treatment and Reentry ....................................................................................................... 62 A. In-Custody Programming ............................................................................................................... 62 B. Out of Custody Programming ....................................................................................................... 64 C. Probation and the Containment Model ...................................................................................... 66 1. Polygraph testing ....................................................................................................................................... 67 2. Risk-Needs-Responsivity ........................................................................................................................ 69 3. Probation and Parole Conditions ........................................................................................................ 70 4. Results of the Containment Model ..................................................................................................... 71 D. Reentry for Rural Alaskans .............................................................................................................. 71 E. Sex Offender Registry ...................................................................................................................... 73 1. State and federal law and the history of registry statutes ......................................................... 73 2. Effectiveness of registry statutes ......................................................................................................... 75 V. Victim Services and Safety ............................................................................................................................. 78 A. Victim Services and Safety: Urban Areas and Rural Hub Communities ............................. 78 1. Sexual Assault Response Teams (SART) ............................................................................................ 78 2. Child Advocacy Centers (CACs) ............................................................................................................ 80 3. The Office of Victims’ Rights ................................................................................................................. 81 iii B. Victim Safety in Rural Alaska ......................................................................................................... 82 1. Data ................................................................................................................................................................. 82 2. Testimony ..................................................................................................................................................... 84 C. Alaska Native Perspectives ............................................................................................................. 87 D. A Need for a New Approach ......................................................................................................... 90 E. Prevention programs ....................................................................................................................... 92 VI. Substance Abuse and Sexual Violence ..................................................................................................... 96 VII. Conclusion: Future Tasks and Opportunities ........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FINAL Joint Ad Trade Letter in Opposition to Alaska HB 159 And
    April 12, 2021 Alaska Governor Mike Dunleavy Office of the Governor P.O. Box 110001 Juneau, AK 99811-0001 The Honorable Senator Peter Micciche The Honorable Rep. Louise Stutes President of the Alaska Senate Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives State Capitol Room 111 State Capitol Room 208 Juneau, AK 99801 Juneau, AK 99801 The Honorable Senator Shelley Hughes The Honorable Senator Tom Begich Alaska Senate Majority Leader Alaska Senate Minority Leader State Capitol Room 30 State Capitol Room 11 Juneau, AK 99801 Juneau, AK 99801 The Honorable Rep. Chris Tuck The Honorable Rep. Cathy Tilton Alaska House of Representatives Majority Leader Alaska House of Representatives Minority Leader State Capitol Room 216 State Capitol Room 404 Juneau, AK 99801 Juneau, AK 99801 RE: Letter in Opposition to Alaska HB 159 and SB 116 Dear Governor Dunleavy, Senate President Micciche, House Speaker Stutes, Senator Hughes, Senator Begich, Representative Tuck, and Representative Tilton: On behalf of the advertising industry, we oppose Alaska HB 159 and SB 116.1 We and the companies we represent, many of whom do substantial business in Alaska, strongly believe consumers deserve meaningful privacy protections supported by reasonable government policies. However, HB 159 and SB 116 contain provisions that could hinder Alaskans’ access to valuable ad-supported online resources, impede their ability to exercise choice in the marketplace, and harm businesses of all sizes that support the economy. To help ensure Alaskan businesses can continue to thrive and Alaskan consumers can continue to reap the benefits of a robust ad-supported online ecosystem and exercise choice in the marketplace, we recommend that the legislature undertake a study of available approaches to regulating data privacy before moving forward with enacting the onerous, and in some cases, outdated provisions set forth in these bills.
    [Show full text]
  • TEBUGHNA HENEK Tyonek Native Corporation Newsletter June 2018 from the CEO
    TEBUGHNA HENEK Tyonek Native Corporation Newsletter June 2018 From the CEO Dear Sharehold- The attitude today at TNC is far An exciting part of the annual meet- ers of Tyonek more positive than that which bur- ing this year was the random draw- Native Corpora- dened us in the past few years. ing selecting 4 school students from tion; our shareholder base to attend a Shareholders at our annual meeting National Flight Academy in Pen- th On May 19 the asked several questions, many sacola, Florida this summer where th 44 Annual about lands, but also about divi- they will gain exciting exposure to meeting of Ty- dends. Many queried when TNC will career opportunities in aeronautics onek Native Cor- be healthy enough to pay out a dis- and flight related fields. We are poration Share- tribution, and although it is too early proud to be able to sponsor our holders was held at the Tebughna to say, several indicators and fore- youth for this worthwhile program School in Tyonek. Shareholders casts project profitability for the com- and hope to be able to continue it who chose to cast their votes at the pany in late 2018 into 2019. Once into the future. meeting did so while hearing reports enough profitability has been from management about the perfor- booked, we will then be in a position In closing, it was good to spend the mance of Tyonek Native Corporation for the Board to consider making a day together with Shareholders and for the fiscal year 2017. distribution. their families as we marked a signifi- cant turnaround for Tyonek Native While the financial results for that State of Alaska Commissioner of Corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Transitions in Alaska and the FY 2010 Budget
    Political Transitions in Alaska and the FY 2010 Budget Jerry McBeath University of Alaska Fairbanks INTRODUCTION This report discusses the factors behind the Alaska FY 2010 budget. It treats the Alaska economy in 2008 and 2009, demographic changes, and important movements in state politics, with a special focus on the national rise of one Alaska political leader—Governor Sarah Palin— and the fall of another, Senator Ted Stevens. The 2008 elections brought slight changes in the composition of the state legislature and a large change in the state’s congressional delegation. The report continues a focus on issues affecting Alaska’s future revenue stream—the natural gas pipeline—and its reputation, the state’s predator control policy. The next section of the report introduces the governor’s operating, supplemental, and capital budget requests, their revision and adoption by the legislature. Legislators paid less attention to the expenditure than the revenue side of budgets, and in the short 90-day session wrangled with the governor over federal stimulus funding, and whether it had “strings.” The final section analyzes state revenues and spending planned for FY 2010. THE ALASKA ECONOMY IN 2008 AND 2009 From the start of the state’s fiscal year on July 1, 2008 (FY 09) to the end of the fiscal year, the Alaska economy experienced extreme volatility in oil prices, but because of surplus revenues saved in previous years, Alaska was in better economic shape than most other states. Because the state is primarily dependent on royalties and taxes collected from oil/gas production, we focus on changes in oil prices before considering other resource sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Senate Journal
    SENATE JOURNAL ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE TWENTY-SEVENTH LEGISLATURE SECOND SESSION Juneau, Alaska Friday January 20, 2012 Fourth Day Pursuant to adjournment the Senate was called to order by President Stevens at 11:01 a.m. The roll showed twenty members present. The prayer was offered by the Chaplain, The Reverend George Silides of Holy Trinity Episcopal Church. Senator Hoffman moved and asked unanimous consent that the prayer be spread. Without objection, it was so ordered. With deepest respect for the religious traditions of all Alaskans, I offer this prayer: O God the Creator of the heavens above and the earth beneath, we commend to your Fatherly care all the peoples of this earth, our neighbors near and far; and especially the people of this state and nation. Into this body you have called the people of many tongues and traditions. Some whose cultures are rooted in a relation to this land millennia old, and some who have made this their adopted home. Unite them, we pray in a common vision of the future of this Great Land, where upon every house the same blessings rest, the same opportunities abound, and the same responsibility is shared. Protect with thy heavenly grace all those who serve in the armed forces of our country and keep us ever striving for creative and honorable solutions which 1255 SENATE JOURNAL 1256 January 20, 2012 limit the need for their sacrifice. We give thanks again for the valor and dedication of the men and women who sail the Healy and the Renda; and pray their safety as they make their way home.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DPS QUARTERLY Alaska the DPS Quarterly Welcome a Department of Public Safety Publication Bringing Professionalism and Humanity Together
    SPRING 2007 THE DPS QUARTERLY ALASKA The DPS Quarterly WELCOME A Department of Public Safety publication bringing professionalism and humanity together. SPRING 2007 Welcome home Inside Stories to DPS Deputy Colonel Audie Holloway ..................2 Commissioner John Glass Welcome to Spring in Alaska! Comments from Commissioner Walt Monegan Our DPS management team is almost Newer recruitment strategies are being complete; we recently announced the ap- considered, such as marketing the concept pointment of our new Director of the Alaska of a five-year commitment, as opposed to a Wildlife Troopers, Colonel Gary Folger. For 20-25 year one. I fear too many of today’s Colonel Gary Folger .........................3 many of you, such changes are old hat, and youth are wired differently than many of us you continue to work with little or no hesita- were; it seems more of the youth speak of tion; but for some of you, let me explain a personal goals more than of careers. Offer little about what we, as your management them something that is more a resume build- team, intend to tackle. er and a worthy job that will enhance their I know that DPS is our Nation’s most personal image and bank account, and odds unique state police agency, covering an im- are that after five years, many will decide mense geographic expanse of Alaska with to ride out a career like the rest of us did. little of the infrastructure that all the other Five year commitments are also appealing to forty-nine states take for granted. Fact is, those who have retired from one career, like in miniature, my law enforcement experi- the military, but do not apply now because Track Casting in Snow ...................18 ence more replicates what the rest of country they know that they cannot realistically traditionally understands in the way of the promise those 20-25 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Panel 3: the Role of the Court System: Alaska Native Children Exposed to Violence in the Home, Community, and Juvenile Justice System Response
    Panel 3: The Role of the Court System: Alaska Native Children Exposed to Violence in the Home, Community, and Juvenile Justice System Response Joanne Shenandoah: Thank you, Val. Panel 3 now we will hear from. And I wanted to remind you to speak clearly and into the microphone. Because what is happening is we are being recorded and then we can be sure to catch everything that you are going to tell us. So panel 3 is the “The Role of the Court System: Alaska Native Children Exposed to Violence in the Home, in the Community, and Juvenile Justice Response.” So again, you’ll have 15 minutes. And we’re going to hear first from Lisa Jaeger, Tribal Government Specialist. Lisa Jaeger: Jaeger. Joanne Shenandoah: Jaeger, sorry. Tanana Chiefs Conference. David Voluck, Tribal Judge, Central Council of Tlingit and Haida Tribes. Michael Jeffery, Superior Court Judge, Second Judicial District, Barrow, Alaska. Walt Monegan, Yup’ik and Tlingit descent, former CEO, Alaska Native Justice Center, Alaska Commissioner of Public Safety, Chief of Police, Anchorage Police Department. We truly look forward to hearing your testimony. Ms. Jaeger, you may begin. Lisa Jaeger: Oh, how about that? All right. Well, first of all, you know, we’d like to really thank the taskforce for being here and coming to Alaska and venturing out into the bush part of Alaska to focus on our unique situations and concerns that we have in Alaska. So that is very much appreciated. I, my name is Lisa Jaeger. I have had the honor and privilege to work for the Tanana Chiefs Conference as a tribal government specialist located out of Fairbanks, serving 37 federally recognized tribes for, since 1979.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Shouldn't Have to Undress in Front of Men. Period
    Women shouldn’t have to undress in front of men. Period. The following candidates, incumbents and past public officials are boldly endorsing Prop 1. They know that women should not have to be exposed to men in private, safe spaces. We appreciate their clarity and leadership on this important issue. Scott Hawkins Mike Dunleavy Loren Leman Chuck Kopp Candidate for Candidate for Former Lt. Gov Incumbent/Candidate Governor Governor State Senator State House Liz Vazquez Dan Sullivan Cathy Giessel Craig Campbell Candidate Former Anchorage Incumbent/Candidate Former Lt. Gov State House Mayor State Senate Fred Dyson Kevin Meyer Dan Saddler Amy Demboski Anchorage Assembly Lt Gov Candidate Incumbent/Candidate Anchorage Assembly Former State Senator Current State Senator State House Member Shelley Hughes Jim Sackett Joe Riggs Gabrielle LeDoux Incumbent/Candidate Candidate Candidate Incumbent/Candidate State Senate State House State House State House Stephen Duplantis Lora Reinbold Craig Christenson Edie Grunwald Candidate Incumbent/Candidate Candidate Candidate State House State House State House Lt. Governor Paid for by Yes on 1 – Protect Our Privacy, Anchorage, AK. Jim Minnery, Chairman of Yes on 1 – Protect Our Privacy, approved this message. The top 3 contributors are Alaska Family Action, Anchorage, AK; Family Policy Alliance, Colorado Springs, CO; and American Family Association, Tupelo, MS. We have done our best to reach out to as many public officials as possible and have listed all of those who have responded. If you notice someone missing, please contact them and ask if they are interested in joining this list of people endorsing Prop 1. Please tell them they can send an email to [email protected] if they would like to be added to the list.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Legislative Digest No
    Bradners’ laska Legislative Digest A- Commentary on Alaska issues and policy PUBLISHERS: Mike Bradner, Tim Bradner / Business Office: (907) 440-6068 / 3037 South Circle Anchorage, AK 99507 / Fax: (907) 345-5683 Digest No. 1/2021 Jan. 22, 2021 Senate: Seasoned hands at the helm The state House, split 20-20, has yet to organize but the Senate organized itself quickly and smoothly last week, dispelling fears that differences among the 13 Republicans would cause delays. Senate leaders include experienced hands Sens. Peter Micciche, R-Kenai, as President; Bert Stedman, R-Sitka and Click Bishop, R-Fairbanks, as Finance Committee cochairs, and Gary Stevens, R-Kodiak, as Rules chair. Sen. Shelley Hughes, R-Mat-Su, is Majority Leader. Senate organizers threw the hard-right crowd a bone by giving Sen. Lora Reinbold, R-Eagle River, chair of the Judiciary Committee. There are seven Senate Democrats. As expected, Sen. Lyman Hoffman, D-Bethel, joined the Senate Majority, as he has in the past. Rural lawmakers representing large districts must be pragmatic and often set aside partisan affiliations to represent constituents. The Senate’s new leaders, all experienced, also know it is better to have the canny Hoffman inside the tent than outside. Fears of control by Mat-Su, governor averted There were fears initially that the Senate would wind up being controlled this year by hard conservative senators from the MatSu with Gov. Mike Dunleavy pulling strings behind the scenes. In that scenario, the key issue would have been the governor’s push for large Permanent Fund dividends, which most senators feel can’t be afforded.
    [Show full text]
  • SENATE RES COMMITTEE -1- March 22, 2017 SHORT TITLE: DEPT of LAW: ADVOCACY BEFORE FERC SPONSOR(S): RULES by REQUEST of the GOVERNOR
    ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE SENATE RESOURCES STANDING COMMITTEE March 22, 2017 3:30 p.m. MEMBERS PRESENT Senator Cathy Giessel, Chair Senator John Coghill, Vice Chair Senator Natasha von Imhof Senator Bert Stedman Senator Shelley Hughes Senator Kevin Meyer Senator Bill Wielechowski MEMBERS ABSENT All members present COMMITTEE CALENDAR CONFIRMATION HEARINGS Board of Game Tom Lamal - Fairbanks, Alaska Karen Linnell - Glennallen, Alaska - CONFIRMATIONS ADVANCED SENATE BILL NO. 58 "An Act relating to the Department of Law public advocacy function to participate in matters that come before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission." - MOVED SB 58 OUT OF COMMITTEE SENATE BILL NO. 88 "An Act authorizing a land exchange with the federal government in which certain Alaska mental health trust land is exchanged for certain national forest land and relating to the costs of the exchange; and providing for an effective date." - HEARD & HELD PREVIOUS COMMITTEE ACTION BILL: SB 58 SENATE RES COMMITTEE -1- March 22, 2017 SHORT TITLE: DEPT OF LAW: ADVOCACY BEFORE FERC SPONSOR(s): RULES BY REQUEST OF THE GOVERNOR 02/13/17 (S) READ THE FIRST TIME - REFERRALS 02/13/17 (S) RES, JUD, FIN 03/20/17 (S) RES AT 3:30 PM BUTROVICH 205 03/20/17 (S) Heard & Held 03/20/17 (S) MINUTE(RES) 03/22/17 (S) RES AT 3:30 PM BUTROVICH 205 BILL: SB 88 SHORT TITLE: AK MENTAL HEALTH TRUST LAND EXCHANGE SPONSOR(s): STEDMAN 03/10/17 (S) READ THE FIRST TIME - REFERRALS 03/10/17 (S) RES, FIN 03/22/17 (S) RES AT 3:30 PM BUTROVICH 205 WITNESS REGISTER TOM LAMAL, Appointee Fairbanks, Alaska POSITION STATEMENT: Appointee to the Board of Game.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2015
    ANNUAL REPORT TO THE ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE ALASKA CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMMISSION February 1, 2016 Overview The State Legislature created the Alaska Criminal Justice Commission as one of several “Smart Justice” measures enacted under SB64. The Commission was given a three-year term to review criminal law sentences and practices and to make recommendations for cost-effective reforms to lower prison populations and reduce recidivism. Commission members - - representing Alaska Natives, crime victims, the mentally ill and the three branches of government -- have now forwarded a total of thirty-two recommendations to leaders in state government. The most recent recommendations sent to the Legislature on December 10, 2015,were developed through the Justice Reinvestment Initiative (JRI). This annual report summarizes past recommendations, data collection and research conducted under Commission direction, and future priorities. Gregory P. Razo, Chair Alaska Criminal Justice Commission I. INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND What is “Smart Justice’? This is the first annual report by the Alaska Criminal “Smart justice” is a name for a 1 Justice Commission to the Alaska State Legislature.0F Its date of move, nationally and in many 2 states, to implement “smart” submission, February 1, marks the halfway point of its term.1F criminal justice reform. This trend is motivated both by the In 2013, strong interest developed in the Alaska State continuing upward trajectory of Legislature in “Smart Justice” and “Right on Crime” evidence- prison costs and by the driven reforms that had been successful in other states. Local recognition that lengthy jail sentences do not decrease legislative interest in these efforts were heightened by reports recidivism and, for some that the Alaska prison population was up 27% over the last offenders, makes it worse.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Department of Public Safety
    Department of Public Safety OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER Walt Monegan 5700 East Tudor Road GOVERNOR BILL WALKER Anchorage, Alaska 99507-1225 Main: 907.269.5086 Fax: 907.269.4543 150 3rd Street PO Box 111200 Juneau, Alaska 99811-1200 Main: 907.465.4322 Fax: 907.465.4362 November 1, 2018 150 3rd Street PO Box 111200 The Honorable Pete Kelly Juneau, Alaska 99811-1200 President of the Senate Alaska State Legislature Main: 907.465.4322 State Capitol Room 111 Fax: 907.465.4362 Juneau, AK 99801 The Honorable Bryce Edgmon Speaker of the House Alaska State Legislature State Capitol Room 208 Juneau, AK 99801 Dear President Kelly and Speaker Edgmon, In accordance with AS 44.41.070, the Department of Public Safety (DPS) prepared the following report on the results of a statewide inventory of sexual assault kits (SAKs) taken as evidence by law enforcement agencies, but never submitted to a laboratory for testing. This report will also address the $2.75 million capital budget appropriation to the state Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory (SCDL), and the Sexual Assault Kit Initiative (SAKI) which are included as part of the DPS overall plan to address untested SAKs. This report serves as an update to the statewide SAK inventory and plan submitted to the Senate President and Speaker of the House on November 1, 2017 (attached for reference). DPS is always available to answer any questions or recommend resources to further your understanding. The Honorable Pete Kelly The Honorable Bryce Edgmon November 1, 2018 Page 2 Updated inventory of untested SAKs On May 22, 2018, each police agency was contacted regarding the renewed requirement to inventory previously untested SAKs in response to the passing of HB31.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Dunlap-Shohl, Anchorage Daily News Dunlap-Shohl Political Cartoon Collection, Anchorage Museum, B2009.017
    REFERENCE CODE: AkAMH REPOSITORY NAME: Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center Bob and Evangeline Atwood Alaska Resource Center 625 C Street Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: 907-929-9235 Fax: 907-929-9233 Email: [email protected] Guide prepared by: Sara Piasecki, Archivist TITLE: Anchorage Daily News Dunlap-Shohl Political Cartoon Collection COLLECTION NUMBER: B2009.017 OVERVIEW OF THE COLLECTION Dates: circa 1982-2008 Extent: 19 boxes; 19 linear feet Language and Scripts: The collection is in English. Name of creator(s): Peter Dunlap-Shohl Administrative/Biographical History: Peter Dunlap-Shohl drew political cartoons for the Anchorage Daily News for over 25 years. In 2008, he won the Howard Rock Tom Snapp First Amendment Award from the Alaska Press Club. Scope and Content Description: The collection contains the original artwork for Peter Dunlap-Shohl’s editorial cartoons, published in the Anchorage Daily News (ADN) circa 1982-2008, as well as unfinished and unpublished cartoons. The original strips from the first year of Dunlap-Shohl’s comic, Muskeg Heights, are also included; the strip ran in the ADN from April 23, 1990 to October 16, 2004. The majority of works are pen-and-ink drawings, with a smaller number of pencil sketches, watercolors, scratchboard engravings, and computer-generated art. Cartoons created after about 2004 were born digital; the collection includes digital files of cartoons dated from February 1, 2005-October 5, 2008. Some born-digital cartoons are only available in paper copies. The collection also includes some examples of original graphic art created by Dunlap- Shohl for specific projects; these are generally undated and oversized.
    [Show full text]