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Robert Hayden: a Critical Look at the Criticism Peter E Fall 1987 /Winter 1987-88 Diversity: A Way to Unity Editorial Robert Hayden: A Critical Look at the Criticism Peter E. Murphy A Portfolio of Poems Introduced and Selected by Herbert Woodward Martin Canada's Earliest Baha'i History Will. C. van den Hoonaard VOLUME 22, NUMBERS 1 & 2 •PUBLISHED QUARTERLY Editorial Board: FIRUZ KAZEMZADEH BETTY J. FISHER HOWARD GAREY IN THIS ISSUE JAMES D. STOKES 2 Diversity: A Way to Unity Consultant in Poetry: Editorial HERBERT WOODWARD MARTIN 4 Interchange: Letters from and to the Ediror Subscriber Service: CANDACE MOORE HILL 7 Robert Hayden: A Critical Look at the Criticism by Peter E. Murphy WORLD ORDER is published quarterly by 17 A Portfolio of Poems the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States, 415 Linden Avenue, Wil­ Introduced and Selected mette, IL 60091. POSTMASTER: Send ad­ by Herbert Woodward Martin dress changes to WORLD ORDER, 536 Sheridan Road, Wilmette, IL 60091. The views 39 Canada's Earliest Baha'i Hisrory expressed herein are those of the au tho rs and by Will. C. van den Hoonaard do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the publisher, the National Spiritual Assembly of 50 Authors & Artists the Baha'is of the United States, or of the Ed­ itorial Board. Manuscripts can be typewritten or computer generated. They should be double spaced throughout, with the footnotes at the end. The contributor should send three cop­ ies-an original and two legible copies-and should keep a copy. Return postage should be included. Send manuscripts and other editorial correspondence ro WORLD ORDER, 415 Linden Avenue, Wilmette, IL 60091. Subscription rates: U.S.A., Canada, Mexico, l year, $10.00; 2 years, $18.00; single copies, $3 .00. All other countries, 1 year, $15.00; 2 years, $28.00; single copies, $3.00. Airmail, l year, $20.00; 2 years, $38.00. WORLD ORDER is protected through trade­ mark registration in the U.S. Patent Office. Copyright© 1990, National Spiritual Assem­ bly of the Baha'is of the United States. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. ISSN 0043-8804 2 WORLD ORDER: FALL 1987 / WINTER 1987-88 Diversity: A Way to Unity AVE YOU ever noticed that in reading books, watching films, listening H to music, looking at the products of graphic artists, the more spe­ cific the work of art is, the more you seem, without having begun with that intention, to learn about the human condition? The descent to the particular may concern time (as when one contem­ plates the artistic products or other artifacts of the Middle Ages, for ex­ ample). Or it may be the differences and the disagreements between gen­ erations that inform a novel. Or perhaps it is ethnicity in its condition as a minority in an alien place (as for example the Chicano in Los An­ geles), or in a culture embodying a place, race, language, and religious environment quite different from our own (as found in certain Japanese films) that commands our attention. It may even be more or less profound variations from a social norm (mental illness, homosexuality, obesity) within our own society that we find uncomfortable to contemplate. In any case the more particular the treatment of such a subject, we come to realize, the deeper is one's perception of the universal situation of human beings. It is in the light of the greatest differences possible within the parameters of being human that the universal characters of humanity come most clearly into view. Further, you may have noticed that the reading of works in a foreign literature is more deeply felt, that the empathy with the characters and the understanding of the situations are more vivid if these works are read in the original language. In fact, the experience of thinking in a foreign language is another door t0 the understanding of peoples and thence to the understanding of people. Is it not possible that the kind of understanding promoted by ac­ quaintance with "other" kinds of people would prevent the excesses of nationalism, racism, religious prejudice that seem to go with the new freedoms that have been declaring themselves while the old rotalitarian regimes are crumbling? 4 WORLD ORDER: FALL 1987 / WINTER 19 87-88 Interchange LETTERS FROM AND To THE EDITOR THIS ISSUE is very much about promises­ another distinguished American poet, kept and pending. WORLD ORDER has al­ William Stafford, served for a time as po­ ways been committed to including poetry etry editor. In the Summer 1983 issue he and other of the arts within its pages. Be­ produced the magazine's third portfolio, a tween 1968 and 1980, under the guiding collection gathered-in the tradition es­ hand of Robert Hayden, our distinguished tablished by Hayden- to reflect a balanc­ first poetry editor, a succession of fine ing of ideal and artistry. poems appeared in the magazine. During With the present issue we are pleased that time Hayden also compiled two major to announce that a new poetry editor, Dr. portfolios of poems, which appeared re­ Herbert Woodward Martin, has come on spectively in the Spring 1971 and Summer board. His first considerable task (with lit­ 197 5 issues. tle time to catch his breath!) was to as­ As Hayden wrote in his introduction to semble WORLD ORDER'S fourth portfolio the first portfolio, "The making of a poem, of poetry, which you can read in this issue. like all other creative endeavors, is in the Dr. Martin is himself a poet and a pro­ Baha'i view a spiritual act, a form of wor­ fessor of English at the University of Day­ ship." Thus in selecting poems he chose ton. He has published four books of po­ them not on the basis of whether they were etry, a monograph on Paul Laurence Dun­ "secular" or "religious" in theme but bar, and poems in numerous journals and whether they were good works of art. He magazines. In a bit of historical irony two also acknowledged the presence of a va­ of Dr. Martin's own poems appeared in riety of schools, modes, and voices- each Hayden's second WORLD ORDER anthol­ reflecting the "vitality of contemporary ogy in our Summer 1975 issue. Thus with American poetry.'' One has only to look his appointment WORLD ORDER reestab­ through his two portfolios to be amazed lishes contact with a poet whose work at the extent to which they reflect the har­ Hayden admired and renews our own ef­ monious balance of these two values­ forts to publish works by poets who, in quality and diversity-that guided his se­ Hayden's words, "are committed to some lections. integrative vision of art and life." After Hayden's death in February 1980, INTERCHA NGE 5 READERS will also find two other articles In regard to the knotty ques tion of the his­ in this issue. The first is an omnibus re­ toricity of the Universal Intellect, I think Pro­ view by Peter E. Murphy of recent books fessor Saeidi should consider the schema of Av­ icenna (Ibn Sina) as part of the background to about Robert Hayden, whose reputation Baha'u'llah's Tablet of Wisdom and :Abdu'l-Baha's continues to grow. Some Answered Questions. Avicenna considered all The second, by Will. C. van den Hoo­ things either preexistent (qadfm) or originated naard, is a valuable contribution to our (hddif..b_), and in turn divided each of these cat­ understanding of how the Baha'i Faith egories inro two further types, essential (dhdt{) and temporal (zamdn{). Only God is essentially was established in Canada and of the ac­ preexistent or entirely uncreated. The primary tivities of the first Canadian Baha'is. Both emanation from God is the Universal Intellect or articles, thus, involve historical assess­ the Word of God. It is thus originated, but not ments of great achievements, reflecting in time, only in essence. Ir has always existed, for the theme of promise and fruition that God was never without the attribute of Mind and Speech. Thus, if Professor Saeidi means by animates this issue. the hisroriciry of the abstract Universal Intellect that it is subject co remporality, I think the Baha'i texts weigh against this idea. On the other hand, the Universal Intellect emanates its rays upon the human minds of the Manifesrarions of God, and To the Editor that emanation or interaction clearly occurs in FAITH, REASON, AND SOCIETY hiscory. I am nor sure it affects his argument, but On every single point, whether the relativity I would therefore argue for the hisroriciry of the rather than absoluteness of religious truth, the emanations of the Universal Intellect, but for the democracy of belief in a religion without dogma aremporaliry of the Universal Intellect as an ab­ or clergy, or the hiscoricity of reason in Baha'i stract principle. (I make this argument at greater thought and praxis, Professor Saeidi [in "Faith, length in my "The Concept of Manifestation in Reason, and Society in Baha'i Perspective," the Baha'i Writings," Baha'i Studies 9 (1982}: Spring/Summer 1987, pp. 9-22} manages co be 6-8.) both true to Baha'i scriprure and relevant co con­ This minor-some would say absrruse­ temporary philosophical and sociological thought quibble aside, I find Professor Saeidi 's article a (especially the Frankfurt school and post-mod­ fine, and exciting, starting-point for the devel­ ernism). I can think of nothing World Order has opment of a serious Baha 'i systematic rheology, published since its revival in 1966 that better and a task I hope he will address.
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