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Lake Tanganyika Framework Fisheries Management Plan

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Lake Tanganyika Framework Fisheries Management Plan FAO/NORWAYGOVERNMENT GCP/INT/648/NOR COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME Field Report F-2 (En) ies FISHCODE MANAGEMENT LAKE TANGANYIKA FRAMEWORK FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN the Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisher for Responsible of Conduct Code of the Implementation the FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Sub-programme F: Assistance to Developing Countries for improving the.Provision of Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management for Fisheries Advice of Scientific the.Provision for improving Countries to Developing F: Assistance Sub-programme FAO/Norway Programme of Assistance to Developing Countries for for Countries of Assistance Developing to Programme FAO/Norway Rome, April 1999 FAO/NORWAY GOVERNMENT GCP/INT/648/NOR COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME Field Report F-2 (En) FISHCODE MANAGEMENT FAO/NORWAY PROGRAMME OF ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CODE OF CONDUCT FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES SUB-PROGRAMME F: ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR IMPROVING THE PROVISION OF SCIENTIFIC ADVICE FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LAKE TANGANYIKA FRAMEWORK FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN by J. Eric Reynolds Consultant GCP/INT/648/NOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, April 1999 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations or the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -- iii -- PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This document was prepared as a contribution to setting up a Fisheries Management Plan for Lake Tanganyika, in close cooperation with the project Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika (LTR) GCP/RAF/271/FIN. -- v -- TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 B. BACKGROUND ..........................................................................................................................................2 C. CCRF AND LTR RESEARCH INVENTORIES OF LAKE TANGANYIKA FISHERIES................ 3 CCRF principles............................................................................................................................................3 Multi-disciplinary ‘readings’ of fisheries characteristics and management needs .................................... 4 D. BASIC FISHERIES CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................4 D.1 DISTRIBUTION OF CATCH AND EFFORT...................................................................................................4 D.2 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ARTISANAL AND INDUSTRIAL FISHING .....................................................5 D.3 LOCAL ARTISANAL AND TRADITIONAL FISHERS ....................................................................................6 D.4 PROCESSING AND MARKETING ................................................................................................................6 D.5 LOCAL PROCESSORS AND TRADERS ........................................................................................................7 E. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS..........................................................8 E.1 ECOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS ......................................................................................................................8 Pelagic fish production................................................................................................................................. 8 Variations in stocks and yields ..................................................................................................................... 8 E.2 HUMAN WELFARE DIMENSIONS ............................................................................................................10 Fisheries as livelihood ................................................................................................................................10 Increasing demand for fish ........................................................................................................................ 11 Resource access issues................................................................................................................................ 11 Local participation in management decision-making ............................................................................... 12 Equity issues................................................................................................................................................12 E.3 INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL DIMENSIONS.............................................................................................13 Institutional capabilities .............................................................................................................................13 Legislative frameworks ...............................................................................................................................13 Monitoring needs ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Local views on possible options to regulate fishing...................................................................................14 F. LAKE TANGANYIKA FFMP: POLICY CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................... 15 Management policy challenges .................................................................................................................. 15 F.1 PROCESS (1): ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ...............................................................................................16 F.2 PRECAUTION:UNCERTAINTY,COMPLICATION, AND MULTI-DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES..............17 F.3 PARTNERSHIP:CO-MANAGEMENT.........................................................................................................18 F.4 PROPRIETORSHIP:RESOURCE ACCESS AND USE RIGHTS ....................................................................18 F.5 POLICING:COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN MCS.................................................................................19 F.6 PROCESS (2): HOLISTIC MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................20 Process and larger systems .........................................................................................................................20 Fishing and non-fishing sector interactions..............................................................................................20 Micro-level interactions .............................................................................................................................. 21 Coastal area management ..........................................................................................................................21 Macro-level interactions .............................................................................................................................22 G. LAKE TANGANYIKA FFMP: INITIAL MANAGEMENT ACTIONS............................................. 22 G.1 ADOPTION OF CCRF POLICY MATRIX .................................................................................................23 G.2 PARTNERSHIP ARRANGEMENTS AND LOCAL CONTROL OF RESOURCE ACCESS ................................. 23 G.3 INSTITUTIONAL MODALITIES ................................................................................................................24 Modification of CIFA Sub-Committee Terms of Reference......................................................................24 G.4 LEGAL MODALITIES...............................................................................................................................25 General provisions ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Zambia and Tanzania................................................................................................................................. 26 Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi ............................................................................................26 Harmonisation of fisheries regulations .....................................................................................................27 -- vi -- G.5 MONITORING,CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE (MCS) ........................................................................27 Lake Tanganyika Monitoring Programme (LTMP)..................................................................................27 Promoting compliance................................................................................................................................ 27 G.6 POSSIBLE TECHNICAL MEASURES TO REGULATE FISHING..................................................................28 Beach seine restrictions .............................................................................................................................. 28 Purse seine restrictions ...............................................................................................................................29 G.7 POSSIBLE INPUT CONTROLS TO REGULATE FISHING ...........................................................................29
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