Ifs Annual Report

IFS ANNUAL REPORT

2018 IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 1 IFS – DEVELOPING SCIENCE, SCIENCE FOR DEVELOPMENT The IFS Annual Report has a style which is designed to match our ten-year strategy and includes sections relating to the specific objectives to improve planning of research by early- career scientists, increase production of relevant, quality research in low- and lower-middle-income countries, and increase the use of quality research results produced by IFS. We hope you enjoy the report!

IFS Annual Report

Produced by IFS, 2019 Production and Graphic Design by Global Reporting Sweden Cover photo: Research of Hina Siddiqui aims to synthesize novel tyramine derivatives with resistance reversal potential against multidrug resistant strains of E. coli. Photo: Private All photos according to bylines or by IFS. Printed by Emprint, Sweden, 2019. 2 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ...... 4 Mission statement ...... 5 Summary ...... 6 Résumé en français ...... 7

IMPROVING PLANNING OF RESEARCH BY EARLY-CAREER SCIENTISTS ...... 8 Positioning IFS in the changing landscape of scientific knowledge and innovation ...... 10

INCREASING PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH IN LOW- AND LOWER-MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES ...... 14 Individual grants approved in 2018 ...... 16 A selection of new individual research grants given in 2018 ...... 17

INCREASING USE OF RESEARCH RESULTS PRODUCED BY IFS ...... 26 Putting research into use ...... 28 Travel grants ...... 30 A selection of research results and achievements of IFS grantees ...... 31

DONORS...... 38 The support of IFS...... 38 Donor highlight ...... 39

PEOPLE, FINANCES, AFFILIATES, AND GRANTS ...... 42 Impact of IFS on my life: Dr Vanvimon Saksmerprome...... 41 IFS Board of Trustees ...... 42 IFS Staff ...... 42 IFS Ambassadors ...... 42 Financial statement ...... 43 Affiliated organisations...... 45 Individual research grants awarded in 2018...... 47

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 3 Foreword As we embark on the planning for our new strategy for 2021-2030, with processes in place to help us understand the responsibilities of IFS in the rapidly-changing world, we are proud of the role we have played as a science-focused organisation for the past 46 years. In 2018 we realized that as we look ahead strategically we need to focus on our long-term and newly-emerging strengths of Individual, Renew- al and Collaborative Research Grants, in conjunction with our niche area of capacity-building with early-career scientists in low- and lower-middle-income countries, strengthened with new mentorship initiatives.

e live and work in a world where much Director General of the National Institute for Medical Research well-funded science propaganda is pro- (NIMR). At the same time, we congratulate and welcome as duced by many vested interests to suit Trustees Prof. Dr. Ir. Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem of the Faculty their own agendas. Science capacity- of Agronomic Sciences at the University of Abomey-Calavi in building is needed more than ever to Benin, and from Bolivia, Dr. Mónica Moraes R. of the Instituto enable young scientists to be well placed to help others make de Ecología - Unidad de Botánica. Winformed choices about their lives, to educate and inform them In addition to our grantees and alumni, our work would about how science shapes their experiences, and to empower not be possible without the unwavering support of our Board people so that they can influence change. of Trustees, Donors Group, Scientific Advisory Committees, In this Annual Report for 2018, we draw attention to our Secretariat staff and funding partners. For all that each of you programmatic strengths and to the achievements and results of do, we are thankful, and we look forward to what we will ac- the 200 scientists who were awarded individual research grants complish together in 2019 and the years ahead. out of the 1,305 who submitted applications in the three areas of biological resources in terrestrial systems; water and aquatic resources; and food security, dietary diversity and healthy livelihoods. Given our continuing efforts to support women scientists, we are pleased that almost 40% of the grants were given to women. Travel grants, equipment procurement services and feedback from advisers and reviewers rounded out our assistance to individual grantees and applicants. In 2018 IFS engaged with a variety of individuals and partners representing features of the science landscape, ranging from specific research projects to national science goals and policy, from issues of investment in science to contributing to dialogues on scientific advances and in the writing and sharing of guidelines and policy briefs, for example on collaborative research. Activities included international gatherings, training events and a mentoring workshop on collaborative research in PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: PHOTO: MAGGIE BEVERIDGE MAGGIE PHOTO: climate change adaptation and mitigation, co-organized with Malcolm Beveridge Nighisty Ghezae the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Chair of the IFS Board of Trustees IFS Director Research in Agriculture in the Philippines. We also continue to interact with our grantees after they become IFS alumni, en- gaging with them as they support other scientists and potential grantees through seminars, training and professional relationships. We are grateful for the contributions of two members of the IFS Board of Trustees after completing eight years of service. Dr. Edith Taleisnik is from Argentina, where she is presently a Research Fellow at the National Research Council of Argentina Malcolm Beveridge Nighisty Ghezae (CONICET), and Prof. Yunus Daud Mgaya of Tanzania, the Chair Director

4 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Mission statement The need The mission Science can be a significant driver of economic IFS shall contribute towards strengthening the and human development. Used properly it capability of young men and women scientists can help to strengthen the human condition in developing countries not only to conduct globally through improved livelihoods, food relevant and high quality research, but to en- security, health and wellbeing. The scientists of hance opportunities to put it into use in their tomorrow must contribute to securing acces- home environments. sible and affordable food, water and energy for a rising population within a scenario of en- The strategy vironmental sustainability, as directed by the In its 10-year strategy, IFS aims to support ex- 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. cellent individual and collaborative research, to While low-income countries produce a build capability of early-career scientists in the sizeable number of scientists, they experience developing world, and to facilitate the process significantly high rates of brain drain as scien- of innovation for the sustainable use and mana tists migrate in search of facilitated conditions gement of biological and water resources. An in the most developed countries. The Inter- important goal is to enable young scientists to national Foundation for Science holds that a contribute to a global research community that sound basis for contributing to the establish- is aiming to reduce poverty and support sus- ment and expansion of developing country tainable development. The primary focus will science and to help these countries retain be the promotion of excellent science through scientific talent is to identify, select and sup- early-career research grants and capability- port promising early-career men and women enhancing support to researchers in developing scientists, and offer them opportunities in countries. However, the interlinked develop- their home countries to plan, produce and put ment challenges that humanity faces increa- knowledge and technology into use. singly require scientists to work with each other, In the next decade, individual and collabo as well as with other professions and specialists. rative research conducted by developing country Therefore, the phased introduction of a colla- scientists needs to contribute to global efforts borative research approach will provide support to reduce poverty and support sustainable de- for research teams, which will combine resear- velopment to deliver on the global Sustainable chers’ strengths, expertise, and experience, to Development Goals. Support by the Interna- address a broader topic or research issue where tional Foundation for Science will strengthen more than one discipline is required. A major the possibilities for early-career men and women change in our agenda is not only to aspire to scientists to productively engage in innovation strengthen the capability of those embarking on and policy domains of relevance and use in a research career in the developing world, but their own countries. also to support young scientists in the actions Over a period of 46 years, IFS has sup- they undertake to bring about change, in terms ported 8000+ grants from 105 countries, many of their values and objectives. In other words, of whom are now leading scientists or science to promote the individual agency of men and leaders. Guided by its 2011–2020 strategy, IFS women scientists, early in their career in deve- will continue to facilitate research on biologi- loping countries, to put their science into use. cal and water resources, with a focus on physical, chemical, and biological processes, as well as relevant social and economic aspects important in the conservation, production, and renewable use of natural resources.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 5 Summary Research Planning Looking Back and Looking Ahead IFS was jointly engaged in 2018 with a variety of strategic In this year’s Annual Report, we are pleased to recognize the partners in sharing experiences about supporting early-career long-standing support of the Government of Belgium, one scientists to stay in science, shaping national scientific goals, of our strategic partners from soon after IFS was founded in increasing investment in science, operating in the interface 1974. We are also appreciative of Dr Vanvimon Saksmerprome, between policy and science, participating and contributing to a well-established scientist in Thailand and IFS alumna, for al- the latest advancements in science, and developing guidelines lowing us to tell the story of how IFS grants played a part early and policy briefs on collaborative research. These activities in her research career. included five international gatherings and three training events In October 2018, a joint meeting was held with the Board of with a total participation of 92 researchers. Trustees, Scientific Advisory Committees and Donors Group. Of note was the IFS-SEARCA Mentoring Workshop on Together they considered how IFS’s work can be expressed in a Collaborative Research in Climate Change Adaptation and Theory of Change statement, as an element of 2019’s year-long Mitigation, organized by the Southeast Asian Regional Center strategic development and planning process that will culminate for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) in a new ten-year strategy for 2021-2030. As this process pro- and IFS. The agriculture-focused workshop helped address ceeds, we will: common setbacks experienced by the 27 early-career researchers from eight Southeast Asian countries, including delays in • Remain responsive to requests to organize and partici- project implementation and in processing receipt of funds, pate in conferences, seminars, workshops and other institutional differences that brought about challenges in how strategic activities, events and gatherings different team members carried out plans, and inability to meet • Support and stay connected with our alumni and their set goals due to various factors including deadlines, research associtions objectives, competing priorities, as well as practical or logisti- • Return to our usual schedule of individual research cal challenges in project implementation. Teams developed grants work plans based on inputs from the ten experts who men- • Offer travel and equipment grants as funds allow tored them. • Expand our collaborative research approach We supported our alumni to associate and support other • Strengthen our efforts to fully implement our approach potential grantees through training on statistical tools, propos- to putting research results into use al writing, PowerPoint design, oral presentation and scientific • Monitor and evaluate our work in accordance with the article writing. IFS alumni participated in several meetings and requirements of our funding partners, and conferences and they coached MSc and PhD candidates for • Seek new and diversified sources of financial support. IFS’s individual grant applications.

Research Production In 2018 we attracted 1,305 applications for individual research grants, for which 421 independent scientists provided 1,103 detailed reviews. Out of the total proposed projects, 200 grants were awarded, of which 90 dealt with biological resources in terrestrial systems, 44 with water and aquatic resources, and 66 with food security, dietary diversity and healthy livelihoods. Women scientists represented 39.8% of the individual research grant awardees and men were 60.2%. In addition to the early-career scientists receiving research grants, the other 1,105 applicants were given feedback by well-qualified IFS reviewers and advisers as part of our capacity-enhancing activities. Equipment procurement services were also provided to 63 grantees.

Research Use As a part of IFS’s efforts to support research capacity-building, 14 early-career scientists received travel grants to increase their international exposure, networking and collaboration opportunities. We chose 17 impactful projects from 2014 to highlight how grantees’ research is being put into use, representative of topics, countries, regions, women and men.

6 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Résumé en français Planification de la recherche et conférences et ils ont encadré des Gouvernement Belge, l’un de nos En 2018, l’IFS a été engagé conjointe- candidats titulaires d’un master et d’un partenaires stratégiques peu après la ment avec divers partenaires straté- doctorat pour les demandes de subven- fondation de l’IFS en 1974. Nous som- giques pour le partage d’expériences tion individuelles à l’IFS. mes également reconnaissants au Dr concernant le soutien aux scientifiques Vanvimon Saksmerprome, scientifique en début de carrière afin qu’ils poursui- Production de recherche bien établie en Thaïlande et ancienne vent dans la science, pour la définition En 2018, nous avons attiré 1,305 can- boursière de l’IFS, pour nous avoir des objectifs scientifiques nationaux, didatures pour des subventions de re- permis de dire comment les subven- l’augmentation des investissements cherche individuelles, pour lesquelles tions de l’IFS ont joué un rôle au début dans la science, le fonctionnement à 421 évaluateurs indépendants ont été de sa carrière de chercheur. l’interface entre les politiques et la sci- recrutés. Sur le total des projets propo- En octobre 2018, une réunion con- ence, la participation et la contribution sés, 200 subventions ont été accordées, jointe s’est tenue avec le Conseil aux dernières avancées scientifiques ainsi dont 90 concernaient les ressources d’Administration, les Comités Con- que le développement des lignes directri- biologiques dans les systèmes ter- sultatifs Scientifiques et le groupe des ces et des notes de synthèse sur la recher- restres, 44 portant sur les ressources en donateurs. Ensemble, ils ont examiné che collaborative. Ces activités compre- eau et les ressources aquatiques et 66 la manière dont le travail de l’IFS peut naient cinq réunions internationales et sur la sécurité alimentaire, la diversité être exprimé dans une déclaration sur trois évènements de formation avec une des régimes alimentaires et des moyens la Théorie du Changement, en tant participation totale de 92 chercheurs. de subsistance sains. Pour chacun de qu’élément du processus de dévelop- On pouvait noter l’Atelier de Con- ces trois domaines de recherche, nous pement et de planification stratégique seiller IFS-SEARCA sur la Recherche mettons l’accent sur dix projets qui en 2019 qui aboutira à une nouvelle Collaborative portant sur l’Adaptation sont maintenant en cours. stratégie pour les dix années à venir et l’Atténuation des Changements Cli- Les femmes scientifiques représen- 2021-2030. Au fur et à mesure que ce matiques, organisé par le Centre régio- taient 39,8% des boursiers individuels processus avance, nous allons: nal d’Asie du Sud Est pour les Études et les hommes, 60,2%. En plus des Supérieures et la Recherche en Agri- scientifiques en début de carrière re- • Rester à l’écoute des demandes culture (SEARCA) et l’IFS. L’atelier axé cevant des subventions de recherche, d’organisation et de participation à sur l’agriculture a permis d’aborder les les 1,105 autres candidats ont reçu des des conférences, séminaires, ateliers difficultés communes rencontrées par commentaires par des évaluateurs et et autres activités stratégiques, évé- les 27 chercheurs en début de carrière conseillers IFS qualifiés dans le cadre nements et réunions de huit pays d’Asie du Sud-Est, include nos activités de renforcement des • Soutenir et rester en contact avec ant des retards dans la mise en œuvre capacités. Des services d’acquisition d’ nos anciens boursiers et leurs as- des projets et dans le traitement de la équipement ont également été fournis sociations réception des fonds, des différences in- à 63 boursiers. • Retourner à notre calendrier habi- stitutionnelles qui ont apporté des défis tuel de subventions de recherche dans la façon dont différents membres Utilisation de la recherche individuelles de l’équipe ont réalisé des projets et Dans le cadre des efforts de l’IFS visant • Offrir des subventions de voyage et l’incapacité à atteindre les objectifs à soutenir le renforcement des capacités d’équipement dans la mesure des fixés en raison de divers facteurs, de recherche, 14 scientifiques en début fonds disponibles notamment les délais, les objectifs de de carrière ont reçu des subventions • Élargir notre approche de recherche recherche, les priorités en compétition, de voyage pour accroître leur visibilité collaborative ainsi que les défis pratiques ou logisti- internationale, leur mise en réseau et • Renforcer nos efforts pour mettre ques dans la mise en œuvre du projet. leurs possibilités de collaboration. Nous pleinement en œuvre notre appro- Les équipes ont élaboré un plan de tra- avons choisi 17 projets percutants en che visant à utiliser les résultats de vail basé sur les contributions des dix 2014 pour souligner la manière dont recherche experts qui les ont conseillées. la recherche des boursiers est mise en • Suivre et évaluer notre travail con- Nous avons aidé nos anciens étu- application, qu’elle soit représentative formément aux exigences de nos diants à mettre en relation et soutenir des thèmes, des pays, des régions, des partenaires financiers et d’autres bénéficiaires potentiels par le femmes et des hommes. • Chercher des sources nouvelles et biais d’une formation aux outils sta- diversifiées de soutien financier. tistiques, à la rédaction de projets, à la Regarder en arrière et regarder conception de PowerPoint, à la présen- en avant tation orale et à la rédaction d’articles Dans le Rapport Annuel de cette an- scientifiques. Les anciens boursiers de née, nous sommes heureux de recon- l’IFS ont participé à plusieurs réunions naître le soutien de longue date du

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 7 Improving planning of research by early-career scientists

It is a declared objective of IFS to improve planning of relevant research by early-career scientists in low- and lower-middle-income countries. We aim to do this by:

• Providing un-bureaucratic granting opportunities and capability-building support to young scientists to do research in the developing world; • Recruiting and using numerous independent reviewers; • Attracting large numbers of applicants; • Providing all applicants with detailed feedback; and • Holding dedicated training, supporting alumni to associate, supporting others planning research, and empowering other research councils to do the same.

8 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Dzavi Jean is measuring pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature of water in the field.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 9 PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: IMPROVING PLANNING OF RESEARCH

Positioning IFS in the changing landscape of scientific knowledge and innovation

y convening, brokering and participating in scien- Many young African researchers working in Europe wish tific and policy discussions with colleagues from to pursue their careers in their home countries, and thus con- all over the world, IFS provides its own perspec- tribute to the development of science and technology in Africa. tives, expertise and advice in support of science But they wonder, back in Africa after a few years in a European quality, relevance and influence about issues of country, how can they integrate into the higher education and major concern to both scientists and society. In 2018, IFS was research systems, or private companies? How can they main- Bjointly engaged with a variety of strategic partner organisations tain international collaborations? How can they overcome the in sharing experiences about supporting early-career scientists lack of experimental set-ups? Which collaborations could they to stay in science, shaping national scientific goals, increasing develop from Europe? These and many other questions were investment in science, operating in the interface between policy debated. and science, participating and contributing to the latest advance- IFS made a presentation of its history and shared its experi- ments in science, and developing guidelines and policy briefs on ence on the advantages and disadvantages of research collabo- collaborative research. These included (descriptions follow): ration. IFS was present together with two former grantees: Prof Kalep Bulus Filli from Nigeria and Prof Paul Malumba Kamba • YASE (Young African Scientists in Europe) Conference from The Democratic Republic of Congo. The two grantees • World Water Week shared their experiences about their continued international • Tropentag 2018: Global Food Security and Food Safety – collaborations with the European universities where they were The role of universities trained in their PhD studies. Dr Kalep Bulus Filli, a food sci- • Strengthening Linkages between STI and ODA Policies entist, is from Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria, in Order to Address the Grand Challenges and Promote and is a visiting fellow at RISE and Chalmers University, Göte- Inclusive Growth borg, Sweden. Prof Paul Malumba, a food scientist, is affiliated • Science Forum 2018 (SF18): Win More, Lose Less – Cap- with the University of Kinshasha and is collaborating with Uni- turing synergies between SDGs through agricultural re- versity of Liège, Belgium, where he is also now teaching and search doing research. • Scientific Research Paper Writing Training Workshop • IFS-SEARCA Mentoring Workshop on Collaborative Re- World Water Week, Stockholm (August) search in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation World Water Week is the largest annual global meeting focu- sing on water and development. It is organized by the Stock- YASE (Young African Scientists in Europe) Conference, holm International Water Institute (SIWI). In 2018, World Wa- Toulouse (July) ter Week addressed the theme “Water, Ecosystems and Human Organised by Afriscitech.com, the Institut de Recherche pour Development”. IFS participated in several events during the le Développement and l’Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi- week, as follows: Pyrénées, in connection with the 8th edition of EuroScience Open Forum, the conference highlighted the role of young Securing Water Tenure: Legal Protections for Indigenous and African scientists in the development of science in Africa and Local Communities ~ Showcase Event gave African PhD candidates and post-docs in Europe the The Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI) and Environmen- information and insight they need to pursue their scientific tal Law Institute (ELI) engaged a broad set of stakeholders to careers in Africa. develop a Water Tenure Tracking Methodology to analyze the

10 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 PHOTO: IFS PHOTO: Participants of IFS-SEARCA Mentorship Workshop on Collaborative Research on Climate Change, Adaptation and Mitigation. strength and resilience of legal rights and entitlements related • Rural Communities on the Move: Facing Water Scarcity to community water use and governance. This Showcase Event and Migration featured a presentation of the study’s innovative methodology • #SIWI Sofa: WASAG – Global Framework on Water alongside initial preliminary findings, and a chance for par- Scarcity in Agriculture ticipants to provide insights into how to apply these findings • Better Water Scarcity Management for Food Security and in various contexts around the world to advocate for com- Nutrition-sensitive Agriculture munities’ water rights. IFS was on the panel and, together with • Innovative Financing Mechanisms for Water Scarcity in other esteemed panelists, explored the numerous implications Agriculture of the study, including: 1) trends and challenges regarding the • The Global Framework on Water Scarcity in Agriculture: recognition of indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ Achievements freshwater rights; 2) the nexus between communities’ land, for- • 3rd WASAG Partners Meeting est and water rights with respect to communities’ conservation and management of freshwater resource systems, sustainable Tropentag 2018: Global Food Security and Food Safety – economic development and gender justice; and 3) the study’s The role of universities, Ghent University (September) contribution to discourse surrounding “water tenure”. The annual interdisciplinary conference on research in tropical and subtropical agriculture, natural resource management and Global Framework on Water Scarcity in Agriculture (WASAG) rural development (TROPENTAG) is a development-oriented WASAG seeks to catalyze international cooperation on water and interdisciplinary conference. It addresses issues of resourc- scarcity in agriculture in the context of climate change and es management, environment, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, growing competition for water resources. By partnering with food, nutrition and related sciences in the context of rural organizations in different sectors, IFS has joined this concerted development, sustainable resources use and poverty alleviation effort to support countries in implementing their nationally worldwide. IFS organized a workshop on “How to Develop a determined contributions (NDCs) and other plans and pro- Winning Research Proposal”, shared information and joined in grammes related to agriculture and water, and in achieving the different sessions. food-security- and water-related targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. WASAG events at World Water Strengthening Linkages between STI and ODA Policies in Week where IFS was present included: Order to Address the Grand Challenges and Promote In- clusive Growth, Seoul (September) • Interim Steering Committee and Steering Committee This international workshop explored the challenges and oppor- Meeting, where IFS was chosen to be a Member of the tunities of bringing together two policy communities – science, WASAG Steering Committee technology and innovation (STI) and Grand Challenges such

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 11 IMPROVING PLANNING OF RESEARCH

as climate change and loss of biodiversity – to develop mutually- for research to position itself and connect more effectively with beneficial solutions for their respective missions. It explored policy processes to operationalize sustainable food and agricul- ODA (official development assistance) policies, and funding ture systems? How is the “best scientific evidence” interpreted and governance challenges, including the need to engage with by policy-makers from different sectors? How is the global po- other development actors such as philanthropies and charities. litical economy of food and agriculture systems transforming? It also addressed measurement issues as well as the role of frontier and digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, Scientific Research Paper Writing Training Workshop, blockchain and the internet of things. IFS was represented Nairobi (November) on an expert panel on achieving a common understanding In partnership with Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa- between the ODA and STI communities on definitions and International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI), IFS measurement for policy-making. co-organized this interactive hands-on training during which participants developed their own manuscripts with the goal Science Forum 2018 (SF18): Win More, Lose Less – of submitting to a journal for publication within three to six Capturing synergies between SDGs through agricultural months of completing the workshop. Participants brought research, Stellenbosch, South Africa (October) along a project report for conversion into a paper, and/or figu- SF18 was organized by CGIAR’S Independent Science and res and tables and any other illustrative material that had been Partnership Council (ISPC) and was co-hosted by the South generated from data analysis. African Agricultural Research Council. The objective of SF18 was to identify substantial interactions between the Sustainable IFS-SEARCA Mentoring Workshop on Collaborative Re- Development Goals (both positive and negative), the role of search in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation, Los agricultural research in augmenting synergies and managing Baños, Laguna, Philippines (November) trade-offs, and the ensuing implications for the science-policy Twenty-seven young scientists and ten experts / mentors from interface. IFS brought five representatives from its alumni as- eight Southeast Asian countries met in a two-day workshop sociations to participate in several sessions and to contribute to to enhance ongoing collaborative research on climate change the discussions on how to position research and build research adaptation and mitigation in the agriculture sector. Held at systems to provide evidence on interactions that policy-makers the headquarters of the Southeast Asian Regional Center for can utilize. For example, how do policy-makers use evidence Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), the from agricultural research to effectively influence or inform workshop was organized by IFS and SEARCA’s Knowledge cross-sectoral policy (with a particular focus on how to leverage Management Department-Training Unit. The participants synergies and address trade-offs)? How can the policy relevance comprised 12 collaborative research teams from various gov- of research be improved, i.e., what are the most effective means ernment, research, academic and private institutions in the PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO:

IFS participating in the KOREA –OECD CSTP Workshop.

12 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO:

IFS collaborative research grantees discussing their projects with their mentor. region that received a research grant financed by the Carolina Mac Gillavry endowment and SEARCA. This workshop was part of the Memorandum of Agreement for an IFS-SEARCA Collaborative Research Grants Pilot. Outputs from the workshop will include mentorship guidelines, a policy brief on mentorship in collaborative research, and a concept note for future joint projects and programs in collaborative research. This was the third batch of collaborative research grants administered by IFS but the first one in Asia. The first and second pilots were implemented in Africa in 2013 and 2014, respectively.

IFS Alumni Activities: Spotlights on Benin and Ghana In 2018, our Benin alumni organized a workshop on proposal writing and scientific manuscript writing and seminars on plagiarism, auto-plagiarism and forest resources management. They also held several-day training events on mathematical modeling for epidemiology, ecology and conservation; geographical information systems, forest modelling, and introduction to geostatistics; data analyses, processing and generalized linear models in R; and analysis of sensorial data. Ghana alumni were active in 2018 in developing proposals for donor funding, creating awareness of IFS funding opportunities and reviewing budgets for IFS grantees, reading and commenting on members’ articles for publication and mentoring young scientists, contributing to the development of Ghana’s science agenda, and networking with the Global Research Alli- ance (GRA).

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 13 Increasing production of research in low- and lower-middle- income countries It is a declared objective of IFS to improve production of relevant research by early-career scientists in low- and lower-middle-income countries. We aim to do this by:

• Providing competitive research grants and capability-enhancing support; • IFS-funded researchers being supported with equipment procurement services; • Well-qualified IFS advisers and reviewers evaluating and feeding back to researchers; • IFS grantees receiving travel grants to increase international exposure, networking and collaboration; and • IFS alumni associations nurturing and supporting research with early-career scientists.

IFS contributes to increased production of research by supporting the research of early-career scientists in low- and lower-middle-income countries, and by building capability to conduct research and engage with others in their research.

14 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Smallholder farmers sampling in Mbire, Zimbabwe, with instruction from UZ Research Team.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 15 PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: INCREASING PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH

Individual grants approved in 2018

Geographic Distribution of the Grants

4% North Africa and 1,5% the Middle East Latin America 26% South and S E Asia 68,5% and the Pacific Sub-Saharan Africa

1,105 individual research applications were received, for which 421 independent scien- 60% tists provided 1,103 detailed reviews. Out of the total proposed projects, 200 grants 40% were awarded, of which 90 dealt with biological resources in terrestrial systems, 44 with water and aquatic resources, and 66 with food security, dietary diversity and healthy livelihoods.

16 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 A selection of new individual 1 research grants given in 2018 Biological Resources in Terrestrial Systems Researching Biological Resources in Terrestrial Systems helps us to explore sustainable management of such systems. It is not just focused on exploiting nature for the benefit of humankind, but also doing so in a way which will not jeopardise the well-being of future generations. Natural resources and ecological management is a complex and difficult issue to balance with social and economic de- mands; it is about managing people as much as nature.

MR NOUHOUM DIBO, MALI In some agro-ecological zones of Benin, However, little research has been done Study of the genetic polymorphism of tset current production systems no longer on their potential to buffer against such se species most encountered in Mali using guarantee small- and medium-sized problems associated with climate change microsatellite markers farmers sufficient production for food as increased pests, diseases, drought and self-sufficiency. Poor agricultural practi- salinity. This study will use salinity as an Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes that ces coupled with low initial soil fertility abiotic stress to understand the diversity cause African animal trypanosomosis have led already marginal lands to a high of morphological and physiological re- (AAT), a debilitating livestock disease. level of physical and chemical degrada- sponses to high salt environments and AAT is an obstacle to the development tion. In the context of climate change, changes in expression levels of genes of more efficient and sustainable live- where rainfall is scarce or abundant, associated with salt tolerance in African stock production systems in West Africa, Benin’s soils bear the brunt of the harm- nightshades. The data will be a base- against which vector control remains ful effects of water erosion. The only line to identify tolerant lines and genes widely used. In Mali, tsetse flies occupy sustainable way to reduce the effects of which can be disseminated to small- four regions with agricultural potential. soil degradation is the adoption of low scale farmers and used to demonstrate To organize an efficient control campaign soil degradation practices. This study will favorable traits that can buffer against against this vector, it is crucial to iden- be conducted in central Benin and aims climate change. Information on genes tify and target isolated populations to to determine the effect of direct seeding associated with salinity tolerance can be prevent any reinvasion risk. This study under vegetal cover on physicochemical used by breeders to develop new lines, updates basic entomological data and soil properties, maize productivity, and transferred to other species, or provide provides genetic information on different physical and chemical soil degradation. additional information for taxonomy of tsetse fly populations, including isolation, An experiment in a farm environment Solanum nigrum complex. which could be used to adapt struggle following a Split plot device coupled to strategies. The general objective is to an erosion device will enable evaluation MR MARCEL HOUNGBEDJI, BENIN study the genetic polymorphism of the of the efficiency of direct seeding under Safety assessment of lactic acid bacteria tsetse species most encountered in Mali, vegetal cover in soil and water conserva- and yeasts and development of multi supported by a morphometric study that tion. functional starter culture for the produc applies geometrical morphometry on the tion of nutritious and safe cereal-based tsetse wings. This will make it possible MS ROSE KIGATHI, KENYA fermented foods to establish the vectorial capacity of the Characterization of salt tolerance in different species of tsetse flies and their African nightshades (Solanum nigrum Mawè is a West African spontaneous parasite-vector affinity relationships. complex) fermented cereal-based dough used for preparation of several cooked or un- MR TOBI MORIAQUE AKPLO, African nightshades (Solanum nigrum cooked dishes. The production process BENIN complex) are recognized as African Indi- of mawè and derived foods is based on Evaluation of the effects of direct seeding genous Vegetables expected to play a role uncontrolled fermentation dominated by under vegetative cover on soil moisture in diversifying diets and improving nu- natural microorganisms. The resulting erosion and maize productivity in Benin trition due to their micronutrient levels. fermented products are not totally safe

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 17 INCREASING PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: Nouhoum Dibo checking if there was capture of tsetse by the trap. Klogbodji Paterne (Technician) is collecting some data on maize.

and have short shelf-lives with unde- of the world’s top 25 most endangered agricultural production system and soil sirable organoleptic properties. There- primates, with only 250 individuals re- carbon sequestration potential. With the fore, there is a need to develop a starter maining in the wild, of which about 120 support of local farmer networks, the culture that could be used to control individuals live in Khau Ca. The study study will inventory the types of agrofo- the fermentation. However, the micro- will assess the relationship between SPCs restry systems in the study areas through organisms used to develop the starter and infections with potentially patho- farm surveys and soil sampling. The culture must be safe, and able to provide genic parasites and will clarify climatic study will help to understand the condi- desirable nutritional, technological and influences on temporal patterns of para- tions under which Malagasy agroforestry sensory properties. This study aims to site infections. It will examine temporal systems offer a reliable and stable level of establish the safety of lactic acid bacteria associations among parasites infecting income for small farms, and the manage- and yeasts associated with the mawè va- the monkey population, as well as within ment methods and pedoclimatic condi- lue chain using the concept of Qualified monkey hosts. The study will also iden- tions that offer better carbon sequestra- Presumption of Safety. Further, the safe tify parasites infecting the monkeys that tion potential in the soil. microorganisms will be used to monitor have zoonotic and pathogenic potential a defined starter culture for safe and nu- to pose a public health risk in this loca- DR ALEJANDRA DOMIC RIVADE- tritious mawè and derived products that tion close to human settlements. NEIRA, BOLIVIA will meet the requirements of urban and Climate change and anthropogenic impact European markets. DR NARINDRA RAKOTOVAO, effects on the distribution ofPolylepis MADAGASCAR woodlands in the South Central Andes of DR ANH NGUYEN, VIETNAM The agroforestry systems of the Central Bolivia during the last 10,000 years Gastrointestinal parasite infections and Highlands and the East Coast of Mada self-medication of the Tonkin Snub-nosed gascar: Economic performance analysis Polylepis (Rosaceae) is an endangered Monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) in and study of the carbon sequestration endemic tree genus of the Andes. Its Ha Giang Province, Vietnam potential unusual distribution pattern, characte rized by isolated patches often exceeding This study will investigate the role of Agroforestry is recognized to improve the highest tree lines, has been termed self-medication as a functional response the living conditions on small farms and the “Polylepis problem”. Botanists and to gastrointestinal parasitic infection contribute to carbon storage in soil. In geographers have discussed if Polylepis in the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Madagascar, the adoption of agroforestry distribution is a consequence of parti- (TSNM) (Rhinopithecus avunculus), is not recent, but its orientation towards cular microclimatic conditions or past and evaluate the interaction between associations of food crops with high human impact. Although it is well docu secondary plant compounds (SPCs) value-added fruit trees has become more mented that recent human activities and gastrointestinal parasites of the important. The objectives of this study have negatively impacted distribution, monkey at Khau Ca Species and Habitat are to assess the impact of agroforestry how old and intense these effects were Conservation Area. R. avunculus is one systems on economic impact in the remains uncertain. It seems more likely

18 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 that climate change played a role in Po safe alternatives is currently of interest. combination with β-lactam antibiotics. lylepis distribution over longer temporal The study will provide a foundation for Selected compounds will also be studied scales. Paleoecological studies in the others related to alternative strategies for for their mechanism of resistance rever- eastern Andes have shown that Polylepis the treatment of hypercholesterolemia sal at cellular and molecular levels. abundance fluctuated through time with and cardiovascular diseases in the face of variations in precipitation, but it is un- side effects of available synthetic drugs. DR ELIAS DANYI KUUSAANA, GHANA certain if this pattern also holds for the This study will also investigate the plants Green infrastructure as a catalyst of green western side of the Andes. This study of Nepal for the anti-oxidant and anti- growth and urban resilience in secondary will reconstruct past dynamics of Polyl inflammatory assays that are indicators cities of the developing world epis woodlands by assessing the impact of the therapeutic potential of the in- of climate change and human impact vestigated plants. By 2050 more than 80% of urban popula- over the last 10,000 years in the Andes of tion growth will happen in the developing southern Bolivia. DR HINA SIDDIQUI, PAKISTAN world’s secondary cities. They are thus Synthesis of novel tyramine analogues as important in efforts to catalyze green eco- DR TRISHNA MANANDHAR, NEPAL potent inhibitors of multi-drug resistant nomic transitions and growth. Emerging Exploration of selected medicinal plants of (MDR) Escherichia coli literature shows how green infrastructure Nepal for anti-HMG CoA reductase, anti- (GI) can provide multiple economic be- oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities Escherichia coli is an extra-intestinal nefits, contributing to urban resilience, pathogenic bacteria which causes serious human well-being and green economic Increased concentration of plasma infections such as urinary tract infec- growth. However, economic valuation of cholesterol is a risk factor for the deve- tions and bacteremia. The emergence of GI benefits tends to be fragmented, with lopment of coronary heart disease and multidrug resistance in E. coli is a global little information available, and a lack of atherosclerosis. The 3-hydroxy-3-met- concern, mediated by the extended- capacity among policy-makers and urban hyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reduc- spectrum β-lactamases family which practitioners to appreciate GI’s potential to tase enzyme, a rate limiting enzyme in bacteria produces against the antibiotics. catalyze green growth, let alone integrate the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol There is a need to discover new anti- it meaningfully into urban development biosynthesis, is a target to reduce human biotics against resistant bacteria, as well plans. Focused on Kumasi, Ghana, this cholesterol levels. Several HMG-CoA re- as resistance reversal agents. This study study’s research questions are how to value ductase inhibitors, including the statins, aims to synthesize novel tyramine (a na- the economic benefits of GI and how to are available for the treatment of hyper- tural product) derivatives with resistance develop cost-effective GI scenarios through cholesterolemia. However, these drugs reversal potential against multidrug re- the involvement of multiple stakeholders. are reported to pose various adverse side sistant strains of E. coli. Novel libraries of It will provide a cross-sectional analysis effects, especially associated with myo- tyramine derivatives will be synthesized of the potential benefits of GI in radically pathies and life threatening rhabdomyo- and evaluated for their resistant reversal different developing contexts, to influence lysis. Hence, exploration of medicinal activity against resistant strains of E. coli evidence-based policies and offer practical plants and natural products to identify in the cell based MTT assay, alone or in solutions. PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: Dr. Trishna Manandhar, Ms. Sami Paudel and Mr. Sunil Shrestha performing HMG-CoA reductase assay. Dr. Siddiqui explaining the synthesis of tyramine deriva- tive.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 19 INCREASING PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH

A selection of new individual 2 research grants given in 2018 Water and Aquatic Resources According to the World Bank, 2.8 billion people live in areas of high water stress, which takes many forms. At least 1.2 billion people do not have access to safe water, and pollution of water affects not just people but whole biological communities. Some of IFS’s projects that relate to good water management are highlighted here, as well as projects related to sustainable use of natural aquatic resources.

MR LUIS GUIZADA DURAN, The importance of understanding broad- In Kenya, lagoon fishing is an important BOLIVIA scale patterns of biodiversity is becoming activity for artisanal coastal fishers who Distribution and habitat suitability mo more urgent, as landscapes, ecosystems depend on seagrass meadows for food delling for Inia boliviensis in the Bolivian and communities are transformed by and income. However, seagrass loss has Amazon processes such as habitat loss, invasion been experienced due to sea urchin po- by exotic species, eutrophication and pulation explosions, although the impact The Bolivian river dolphin, or bufeo climate change. However, regional know- on fish assemblages and their habitat use (Inia boliviensis), is one of four species of ledge of biodiversity is the first step in is scarcely known. This study will deter- South American river dolphin restricted preserving and restoring ecosystems mine how seagrass habitat degradation to fresh water. Endemic to the upper ba- against anthropogenic disturbances. This affects the diversity, structure and fun- sin of the Madeira in the Bolivian Ama- study examines the spatial variation in ction of fish assemblages associated with zon, this species is categorized as “vulne- macroinvertebrate assemblage structure Thalassodendron ciliatum beds. The study rable” by the Bolivian Government, with and diversity across natural environ- will be conducted at six sites in Diani- high conservation priority as threatened mental gradients, aiming to use such Chale Lagoon where two areas within by human activities. This study covers information as the basis of stream resto- each site will represent degraded and the largest distribution area (60%) of the ration and conservation. Fifty headwater healthy seagrass. Data on seagrass cha- species in rivers not previously studied streams will be sampled across Nigeria’s racteristics will be determined through or with sporadic data, covering different six geopolitical zones. Environmental, habitat assessments while fish assembla- hydroclimatic stations. Standardized geographical and regional variables mea- ges will be determined by underwater methodologies of linear transect and surements, and riparian and physical-in- visual surveys. Additionally, fish habitat innovative non-invasive methods (dro- stream measurements, will be performed use will be determined in degraded ver- nes) reinforced with environmental cova- simultaneously with macroinvertebrate sus healthy meadows using functional riates will determine habitat preferences sampling. The data will be subjected to guilds to establish the role of seagrass and estimate occupation models through various Multivariate Analysis of Ecologi- meadows. This study will contribute the analysis of general linear models cal Communities in R. The outcomes of towards understanding of fish stocks (GLM) and occupation models in R this research will lead to understanding within seagrass beds and enhance know- software packages. The results respond of ecological and evolutionary processes ledge on impacts of seagrass degradation to the current needs of South American driving species richness, and establish- on fish assemblages. action plans for the conservation of river ment of better conservation, monitoring dolphins to have evidence for the autho- and restoration programs. DR SYED ZAKIR HUSSAIN SHAH, rities to take more accurate conservation PAKISTAN measures, and to avoid the loss of this MS LILLIAN DAUDI, KENYA Dietary zinc requirements of Cirrhinus national heritage. Spatio-temporal patterns of fish assem mrigala fingerlings blages and habitat use related to habitat MR UNIQUE KEKE, NIGERIA degradation within Thalassodendron ci- Zinc (Zn) is considered an important Exploring the spatial patterns of benthic liatum meadows in Diani-Chale Lagoon, mineral in growth and health of fish macroinvertebrates biodiversity in Nige Kenya as more than 200 metalloenzymes are rian streams functionally dependent on Zn. Natural

20 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 waters do not have sufficient quantities benthic macrofauna and hyphomycetes DR MINH HOANG LE, VIETNAM of Zn, making dietary supplementation in forested streams. Such a pioneering Heat wave impacts on the seed produc necessary to meet daily Zn requirements. study in a protected area of Cameroon tion of Waigieu seaperch (Psammoperca However, Zn bioavailability mainly de- will lead to results that could be included waigiensis) pends on the source of supplementation. in the referential matrix for the characte- It is predicted that extreme temperatures In the present study, dietary Zn require rization and functioning of watercourses. associated with climate change will oc- ment for Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings cur more often, at higher intensity and will be determined by using Zn-glucona- MR YAOVI HOUNMANOU, BENIN for longer durations. However, know- te as a source. At the end of the trial, fish Implication of tilapia in the emergence ledge on how heat waves affect repro- will be weighed for growth purposes. Zn and transmission of progenitors of toxi ductive success and seed production of requirement will be determined on the genic Vibrio cholerae in the aquatic en aquaculture fish species is limited. This base of percentage weight gain, ALP and vironment during non-cholera outbreak study will investigate heat wave impacts TBARS levels and Zn concentration in periods in Tanzania on seed production of Waigieu seaperch, different tissues. The resulting data will an economically important aquaculture be subjected to one-way analysis of vari- Tanzania has consistently been affected species in Vietnam. Two hypotheses ance (ANOVA). The results will be help by cholera, with a majority of cases oc- will be tested: One, whether exposure to ful for the formulation of cost effective curring around the lake zones, with oc- heat wave in the broodstock will reduce and environment-friendly feed. currence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in the quality and quantity of sperm and tilapia from Tanzania. It is unclear how eggs, negatively affecting embryonic de- MR JEAN DZAVI, CAMEROON toxigenic strains are maintained in fish velopment and hatching success? If yes, Ecological status of the few rivers in the during inter-epidemic periods. The pre- to what extent can food levels modulate forest zone in Cameroon: Diversity of ben sent study will investigate genetic, eco- heat wave impacts, especially when en- thic invertebrates and aquatic hyphomy logical and host-pathogen factors that ergy acquired from food to deal with cetes, decomposition of litter and physico- enable toxigenic strains to persist in tila- thermal stress is limited? Two, whether chemistry of water pia during inter-epidemic periods and exposure to heat wave in the juvenile sta- favor amplification during outbreaks. ge will reduce growth rate and quality of A study of the structure of benthic ma- This work includes seasonal sampling seed at commercial size? The results will crofauna, hyphomycetes and decomposi- of tilapia in Lake Tanganyika for detec- provide insights on how climate change tion of litter, coupled with the physio- tion of toxigenic V. cholerae for one year. may affect seed production of an marine chemistry of water, will be carried out Obtained isolates will be whole genome aquaculture species in Vietnam. in the forest zone of Central Cameroon sequenced and compared to clinical through physicochemical and hydrologi- outbreak strains and those of Lake Vic- MR GEBREKIDAN WORKU TEFERA, cal analyses and sampling of benthic ma- toria to identify genetic evolution and ETHIOPIA crofauna according to a multihabitat ap- emergence of novel toxigenic strains in Optimal watershed management scenarios proach. The results will make it possible fish. Results of this study will be useful under climate change in Beressa Waters to assess the physicochemical quality of in devising strategies for cholera control hed of Jemma Sub-basin, Blue Nile Basin the waters, the dynamism of the basal in Tanzania since fish is often overlooked detrital trophic network, the importance in existing prevention strategies. This study will incorporate current and of the carbon fluxes in these rivers, and future climate change impacts into wa- the structure of the water population of tershed management planning to ensure PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: Phytoplankton and water samples collection as part of the project activities on Jean Dzavi measures the physicochemical parameters of water using the HydroTest the Lake Victoria and Tanganyika in Tanzania for environmental surveillance of photometer. Vibrio cholerae.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 21 INCREASING PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH INCREASING PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH

sustainability of water resources availa Hydrogeological studies of the Olézoa Water distribution is irregular in time bility and agricultural production in catchment have shown that the laterite and space; as such, water security is an the watershed. Global regional climate reservoir is an important source of water issue in many parts of the world. Climate model data are available but they provide for the population. Its hydrodynamic change poses an additional threat because less reliable information and are difficult characteristics present spatial heterogen- changes in precipitation and other climatic to use for adaptation decisions at regio- eities essentially related to the relief model, variables may lead to significant changes nal and local scales. This study will apply the inertial nature of the aquifer, and the in water supply. This research will evaluate robust statistical transformation methods physical and hydraulic properties of the the potential impacts of climate change to remove biases of regional climate model terrain. The spring waters present a mi- on future water availability and droughts outputs under different emissions to de- neralization that seems related to the age in the Niger and Ouémé basins in Benin. velop reliable climate change scenarios. of lithological formations and anthropic The focus is on spatiotemporal changes The anticipated outputs will be used for activities. In a context of constant anth- of hydrological components and on me- hydrological modelling to study water ropic pressure coupled with climatic ha- teorological, hydrological and agricul- resources availability and soil erosion zards, it is important to understand the tural droughts. Observed and simulated under different climate change scenarios. functioning of the aquifer and its vulne data will be generated to characterize Current and potential future climate will rability to human activities to better spatiotemporal changes of water through be assessed; the water and soil resources manage this resource to ensure its safety baseline and projected periods of at least base of the watershed under a changing and durability. This study will characte- thirty years until 2100, using drought climate will be estimated; and watershed rize, by means of a multi-tracer approach indices. A field survey will be conducted management scenarios which can pro- coupled with hydrodynamic informa- with farmers to assess their perceptions vide optimal benefits for climate change tion, the hydrogeological processes of of climate change and their adaptation resilience will be developed in Beressa an urban watershed confronted with the and mitigation responses. The study’s Watershed. problems of drinking water supply. findings can inform policy-makers and resource managers about beneficial DR ANDRÉ FIRMIN BON, DR EZÉCHIEL OBADA, BENIN courses of action to ensure sustained CAMEROON Assessment of contemporary and future water availability. Contribution of geochemical tools and water availability and droughts: Case isotopes of strontium to characterize the study of Niger and Ouémé basins in Benin hydrogeological processes of the Olézoa (West Africa) catchment, Yaoundé-Cameroun PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO:

IFS grantee Andre Firmin Bon and owner of the well, measuring the parameters on the ground.

22 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 INCREASING PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH

A selection of new individual 3 research grants given in 2018 Food Security, Dietary Diversity and Healthy Livelihoods Food security exists when people have access at all times to sufficient, nutritious food in order to be able to lead an active and healthy life. There are many angles to food security – food safety, nutritional aspects, and simply securing entitlement to food. Below are some of IFS’s projects dealing with these aspects.

DR CHIMEDTSEREN BAYASGALAN, monitoring of camels in a found hotspot tradition will enhance food security and MONGOLIA to better understand its epidemiology conserve heritage as pastoralists are the Epidemiology of brucellosis in Bactrian that may become central in brucellosis main repository of knowledge relevant camels in eastern provinces of Mongolia – elimination. This complementary study to their lifestyle, while also conserving An important complementary study will add to past epidemiological data, the genetic resources of native animals future demographic and transmission and maintaining the border for national Brucellosis is a classic neglected zoono- modeling of different intervention and security. However, the number of yak- sis caused by Brucella spp. bacteria. It surveillance scenarios, and policy deci- rearing households is declining because causes debilitating disease in people and sions based on a future framework on of high mortality caused by diseases like economic livestock production losses. assessment of camel brucellosis. gid (coenurosis). With no in-depth stu- Therefore, a national ruminant vaccina- dies on gid and associated control and tion is ongoing in Mongolia but does not DR YOENTEN PHUENTSHOK, prevention interventions, this study aims include camels, which remain important BHUTAN to understand gid disease by comparing for pastoralists. Camels are spill-over Prevalence of gid (coenurosis) in yak from knowledge, attitude, practices and cul- hosts and it is unknown if they can gid-endemic and non-endemic districts of ture of pastoralists with regards to yak- maintain the infection alone. It is crucial Bhutan and its associated risk factors farming and yak-dog management in a to monitor the situation in camels after region where gid is not reported, with a four years of livestock vaccination to Yak rearing is a traditional Bhutan prac- region where gid is endemic, applying answer the question of whether camels tice which plays an important role in the the findings in recommending efficient can maintain brucellosis and thus could life of high-altitude pastoralist communi- gid control and prevention options. re-infect other ruminants once no longer ties which also guard and utilize vast al- vaccinated. This study contributes to the pine rangeland resources. Promoting this PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: Dr Chimedtseren Bayasgalan, Mongolia. A Yak in its natural habitat.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 23 INCREASING PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH

DR KHALID MOHAMMEDSALIH, starters, which in living microorganisms storage pests, changes in temperature and SUDAN exert a beneficial health effect. Among humidity, and tolerance of insect pests to Evaluation of albendazole, levamisole and these microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria pesticides. Cowpea losses are estimated ivermectin efficacy as well as resistance and yeasts, mainly responsible for the na- at about 70% if no chemicals or hermetic status against gastrointestinal nematodes tural fermentation of milks and dairy pro- bags are used during storage. However, of cattle, sheep and goats in South Darfur ducts, are the focus of scientists’ attention information on nutritional losses of maize State, Sudan because of their use as industrial starter and cowpea is limited. This study develops cultures, their nutritional, probiotic and a predictive model for their postharvest Gastrointestinal nematode resistance is pharmaceutical potential, and their posi- nutrient and economic losses. It will deter- an alarming worldwide scenario in ru- tive effect on consumer health, improved mine losses in the postharvest value chain, minants. Recently, benzimidazole-resis- organoleptic quality of foods, increased and evaluate technologies for storing grain tant Haemonchus contortus populations bioavailability of macro-nutrients and and the effects of climate and/or insects on have been detected in goats in South micro-nutrients, food preservation and degradation of nutrients. Darfur State of Sudan, but there are no inhibition of pathogens. Given the role data for other anthelmintic classes. This and importance of these microorganisms, MS ANOOJA NAIR, BHUTAN study will evaluate the efficacy and resis- it would be interesting to know the fer- Detection and enumeration of Listeria tance status of albendazole, levamisole mental flora of camel, goat and cow curds monocytogenes from datsi, homemade and ivermectin in cattle, sheep and goats from Burkina Faso. Thus, this study in- cheese from Thimphu, Wangdiphodrang naturally infected with gastrointestinal tends to evaluate the biodiversity of lactic and Punakha dzongkhag in Bhutan nematodes in four study areas using phe- acid bacteria and curd yeasts and the notypic tests and molecular approaches. selection of probiotic starters. Datsi, homemade soft cheese prepared The study also aims to find the best from raw cow milk by small-scale farmers, anthelmintic combinations for the treat- MR PATRICK NGWENYAMA, is a popular ingredient in Bhutanese coo- ment of resistant nematode populations ZIMBABWE king. Since datsi is produced from raw in each animal, using the fecal egg count A predictive model for postharvest nu milk, the probability of listeria monocy- reduction test (FECRT) based on the trient and economic losses of maize (Zea togenes contamination is high because mini-FLOTAC technique. In vitro tests, mays L.) and cowpeas (Vigna ungui- of animal feces, feeds or unhygienic egg hatch and micro-agar larval develop- culata L. Walp) equipment or handling. Further, the lack ment tests will also be conducted. of awareness among producers and con- Maize is a staple food and source of calo- sumers about food-borne pathogens in- MR CISSE HAMA, BURKINA FASO ries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Cowpea creases risk factors. Therefore, this study Molecular characterization of probiotic is a legume grown throughout SSA, often investigates the prevalence and concen- potential microorganisms isolated from intercropped with cereals. High posthar- tration of Listeria monocytogenes in datsi camel, goat and cow milks in Burkina vest losses are incurred by smallholder and determines the antibiotic susceptibi- Faso farmers despite the use of synthetic pesti- lity of the isolates from it, in three phases: cides, leading to risk of food poisoning by ALOA count and confirmation, antibiotic Curd milks possess a rich and complex increased application doses and frequency. sensitivity testing, and informing food microbiota. Its knowledge is essential Cereal losses are estimated at about 18% inspectors about the findings, food safety in the search for functional probiotic across the postharvest value chain, due to and implications for human health. PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: DNA amplification. Research team sampling in Mbire, Zimbabwe - Patrick Ngwenyama and Shaw Mlambo.

24 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 MR YOUNES NOUTFIA, This study will generate information to livelihoods-related activities were gene- MOROCCO improve soy cheese production for the rated for local ethnic people, but with the Processing and determination of the phy benefit of South Benin’s women proces- influx of powerful actors, the socioeco- sicochemical and sensory quality of a yo sors. Typology of production units and nomic benefits are lower than the costs, gurt made from goat’s milk and dates market needs will be elaborated for the pushing them into the margin. evaluation of the financial profitability of The Moroccan oasis is a vast territory that transforming soybeans into cheese. The MR MACIRE KANTE, MALI associates goat farming with other plant capital rate of return of current produc- An exploratory study of the use of ICTs crops such as date palm. Women’s groups tion units will be determined, as will to disseminate extension services towards buy fresh goat milk (and sometimes cow consumers’ willingness to pay for soy farmers in Mali: An ICT-based extension milk) and turn it into cheese, a source of cheese using the experimental choice adoption model by public extension of- income for them. This study will develop method. The comparison will make it ficers a new local dairy product based on da- possible to appreciate the financial ad- tes and goat milk, to diversify the range vantages resulting from satisfying the Effective and timely delivery of exten- of dairy products, support initiatives of expectations of the market. sion services is the basis for small-scale women’s cooperatives to conquer regional farmers to improve agricultural produc- markets, and contribute to the generation MS TAM TA, VIETNAM tivity for better livelihoods. Such services of additional income. Two categories of The role of border markets in improving are mainly done by public extension yogurt based on syrup and date fibers will local ethnic minorities’ livelihoods in the officers in most developing countries -in be elaborated and analyzed on sensory, Vietnam-China borderlands cluding Mali. However, there are few pu- physiochemical and rheological levels. blic extension officers for that purpose. The qualitative storage stability of yogurt This study explores the role of markets in Thus, the use of Information and Com- will also be evaluated. Subsequently, the improving the livelihoods of local ethnic munication Technologies (ICTs) is one results of this study will be valorized and minorities in the Vietnam-China border- way to disseminate extension services returned in real life to cooperatives, agri- lands. Research questions concern the such as farm input information towards cultural advisory and development insti- work and participation of local people in small-scale farmers. Nevertheless, the tutions, and manufacturers. the market chain of goods and activities, use of such ICTs comes with challenges the benefits and costs from the markets and drivers for public extension officers. MR SMITH DOSSOU, BENIN and the development of border markets While they were reported for private Potential contribution of the production during the past two decades, sociocultural extension services, little is known about of soy cheese (tofu) to the improvement of factors that enable people to be more public extension services and officers’ livelihoods of women in South Benin dynamic and overcome competition and use of ICTs. Through qualitative and marginalization, and the market model quantitative methods, a pilot study with Small-scale agro-processing transforma- that brings more benefits and improve- 40 respondents will inform the collections will play a role in contributing to ment in livelihoods. The study hypothe- tion of longitudinal data from a sample poverty reduction and economic growth. sizes that the development of Vietnam- size of 250 respondents. The findings Women processing soybeans into cheese China border markets has made the area will be relevant for researchers, policy- from South Benin are not yet taking socioeconomically dynamic after a variety makers, extension officers and farmers in advantage of this activity’s potential. of government investment policies. More Mali and elsewhere. PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: Doing fieldwork at Can Cau Buffalo Market in Simacai district, While visiting a goat home-farm in Ouarzazate. Lao Cai province, Vietnam.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 25 Increasing use of research results produced by IFS

It is a declared objective of IFS to improve use of research by early-career scientists in low- and lower-middle-income countries that is relevant to those countries. We aim to do this by:

• IFS-funded research being accepted for presentation, or researchers funded by IFS grants being invited speakers at international conferences; • IFS-funded researchers being recognised as experts in their fields and being invited to policy meetings or expert groupings; • Well qualified IFS-funded grantees becoming IFS experts, advisers and reviewers ; • IFS grantees disseminating their approved IFS-funded research results in popular form (TV, radio, workshops, policy briefs, booklets/cartoons); and • IFS grantees’ research results in contributing innovation through being used in new products, services or policies.

IFS contributes to innovation through supporting research of early-career scientists in low- and lower-middle-income countries, building capability to share research and engage with policy processes and by building linkages to those who can support the use of their research.

26 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Khalid Moahmmed Salih taking a blood sample from a calf in Sudan.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 27 PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: INCREASING USE OF RESEARCH

Applying iron foliar fertilizer with farmers for biofortification of staple cereals and legumes in Zimbabwe.

28 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Putting research into use Knowledge of the sustainable management of biological, water and energy resources is not enough. To help to reduce poverty and attempt to solve some of the environmental challenges that we face, we also need to take action. That is why IFS undertakes a range of initiatives that can contribute to innovation and that is why the IFS mandate includes not only strengthening capability but also agency to put it into use.

Linkages between IFS initiatives that contribute to our innovation approach

Alumni Associations Facilitated Building Advocacy Networks End Open Access Users Publishing

E-learning Science Information Approach 3: Communications Dissemination Contributing Innovation Accessing Database of Resources IFS Research

Sharing IFS Research Alumni Associations

The Innovation Links with Process Approach 1

Policy Capability Links with Domains Building Approach 2

Market Chains

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 29 PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: INCREASING USE OF RESEARCH INCREASING USE OF RESEARCH Travel grants

This year’s 14 travel grants were awarded to grantees and repre- • The roles of young African scientists in the development of sentative of IFS alumni associations to attend conferences and science in Africa, and information and insights for African meetings that highlighted issues related to: PhD candidates and post-docs in Europe about pursuing their scientific careers in Africa. • Global food security and food safety issues, and the role of universities and grantees We believe that supporting early-career scientists to attend such gatherings enables them to grow professionally, to improve the • Identification of the substantial interactions between the ways they approach their work, to broaden their views of the Sustainable Development Goals and the role of agricultural world, and to appreciate international diversity. For our grantees research in augmenting synergies and managing trade-offs, and alumni, such experiences open up opportunities to network and the ensuing implications for the science-policy interface, with colleagues, to meet researchers working in similar areas and and people who can offer advice, to learn how to present research to an audience, and to know about current and future research. PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO:

Dr. Olujimi Olanrewaju Olusoji at the SETAC North America 39th Annual Meeting, in Sacramento, CA, USA. PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO:

Enagnon Bruno Lokonon preparing his presentation during Former grantees Kalep Fili and Paul Malumba participating in Young African Tropentag 2018 conference in Belgium. Scientists in Europe Conference.

30 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 INCREASING USE OF RESEARCH A selection of research results and achievements of IFS grantees

FS grantees are contributing significantly to changes processing end of the agricultural cycle, freeze-dried cultures around the world, through their commitment to sci- are being used in cereal fermentation and food packaging is entific advancements, their enthusiasm to learn and to being optimized. work with others, and their attainment in getting their Animal husbandry research is leading to improved chicken research results put into use at local, national, regional and egg production with rising incomes for farmers, increased and global levels. As gleaned from 95 grantee responses to a knowledge of antibiotic use in farm animals, and the establish- surveyI question about how their results are being used, numer- ment of a laboratory for animal epidemiology. In aquaculture ous impacts are evident from IFS’s support for the research of and fisheries research, project outcomes are decreasing disease early-career scientists, in immediate, near-term and long-last- transmission in shrimp and producing genetic information in ing ways, in villages, forests, fields, policy discussions, govern- prawn breeding, using bass as a bioindicator of declining fish ment practices and the global scientific community. populations, exposing the risks of formalin use in fish farming, At the human level of health and well-being, grantees are and improving fish by-product treatment. improving the management of untreated drinking water and IFS grantee projects are also contributing to lessening the sensitizing communities to water quality issues. Their results detrimental effects of industry on the environment. They are are being used to remove toxic materials from, and improve detecting heavy metals in industrial effluent, using plant-based cholera prevention strategies for, water sources. They are also synergism and green-based sorption to treat it, and even wheat using biopolymers for water purification and determining arse- straw to dispose of effluent from energy production. They are nic levels in drinking water, groundwater and food crops. Oth- also modifying a method for depositing polonium onto copper er researchers are seeing their work translated into the medical foil and using biochar to dispose of solid waste. field through harvesting of medicinal plants and the manufac- In their home countries, grantees are designing workshops turing of plant-based pharmaceutical products; specifically for on sanitation, dairy food chain and poultry / egg contamina- cancer treatment, medicinal plant compounds with cytotoxic tion; presenting papers at national malaria and traditional effects are being isolated. Outcomes are as wide-ranging as medicine forums; and writing reviews of acacia species. They growing the lophira plant for human disease treatment and us- are publishing articles in local daily newspapers on climate ing fish needles to deliver drugs transdermally. change and other subjects, awareness guides on hygiene prac- Grantees’ research is having an effect on agricultural, for- tices, manuals on land use impact, maps of transhumance estry and water resources management. Carbon footprints in routes for wildlife corridor management, and a delineation of agriculture are being evaluated, carbon sequestration is being mahogany tree species. Their practical results are being shared estimated, and models to predict the impact of forest exclo- with lake management agencies, posters about fruit tree con- sures are being developed. Trees are being planted, native for- servation are being distributed, and their photos of plants are ests are being restored with local species, and research plots are being included in taxonomy collections. On regional and global being established to learn more about forest regrowth. At the scales, they are uploading data to international atomic energy interface of humans, animals and forests, sustainable farming databases, and publishing articles in and being cited from such practices are being used to reduce land degradation, pastoral- well-known journals as Agroforesty Systems, Conservation Af ists are being included in land conflict transformation efforts, rica, Medicinal Chemistry and Nomadic Peoples. the effects of forest fire intensity on wildlife populations are From the micro-level of sequencing RNA to improve prim- being monitored, and forest and endangered species protection ers in certain animal species and discovering medical applica- measures are being enhanced. tions of in-vitro cell compatibility in animals, to the ultimate On lands cultivated by humans for food production, farmer macro-level of satellite remote sensing to understand oceano- awareness of organic fertilizer benefits is being enhanced, crop graphic processes, IFS grantees are making an impact in tiny varieties are being introduced for diversification, field burning and vast environments alike. practices are being changed, and artisanal production of such Difficult though it is to choose which impactful projects to products as peanut oil is being improved, as are indigenous highlight, presented here are 17 that are representative of top- cabbage genetics. High-yielding local seed varieties are being ics, countries, regions, women and men, and of all of the many identified and seeds are being registered in national catalogues. early-career scientists who IFS is honored to include among For natural pest control, resistant tea varieties are being created, those who work to support its mission, especially to enhance planting and pest cycles in other crops are being coordinated, opportunities to put their own high-quality research into use in and ants are being used for orchard protection. At the food their home countries.

30 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 31 INCREASING USE OF RESEARCH

MS THAO SUONG NGUYEN Division of Experimental Biology, Research Institute for Aqua- culture, Ho Chi Minh City PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: VIETNAM

Impact of host stress hormones on virulence factors of Vibrio para- haemoliticus, the infectious agent of shrimp Early Mortality Syn drome (EMS) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Our results showed that catecholamine stress hormones Dopa- mine and Norepinephrine increase the motility (an important virulence factor) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Therefore, to prevent the provocation of EMS, we have advised farmers to avoid the stress condition for shrimp as much as possible, especially during the initial culture stage. Given that catecholamine sensing seems to control virulence factors that are important in the early stages of infection (motility), interfering with it might be a Discussing EMS disease with farmers at their pond. way to decrease transmission of EMS between animals.

DR QUANG HANH HAN Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquacul- ture, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi VIETNAM PRIVATE PHOTO:

Welfare quality, productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens kept in different production systems in North Vietnam: An assess ment on household farms and an experimental farm

My research results indicated that providing perches and dust baths for broilers is of great benefit for chickens in terms of both animal welfare and economic outcome. Therefore, when I went to farm households, I gave them advice about this. Many chicken farms (in the free-range production system) have now applied perches and dust baths for broilers. The feather cover- age of the chicken is better and farmers can sell their chickens for a higher price. Welfare assessment of slow-growing broiler (Crossbred Ho x Luong Phuong chicken) at farm (outdoor access system).

MR ANICET GBAGUIDI Laboratoire BIORAVE, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Dassa , Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Dassa-Zoumè BENIN

Morphological characterization and agronomic evaluation of Benin bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea L.) varieties for their con servation and sustainable use in the actual context of climate change PHOTO: WIBOWO DJATMIKO, WIKIMEDIA DJATMIKO, WIBOWO PHOTO: We identified five high-yielding local varieties (Azigokouiv- ovo, Tintablana, Souhouloumankpa, Tamapoika and Tinco- couanpépiatou) and produced their seeds to make available to producers. A breeding program will be set up to produce high-yield, short-cycle varieties. Vigna subterrenea.

32 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 INCREASING USE OF RESEARCH

MS MUNETA GRACE MANZEKE Dept of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, Harare PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: ZIMBABWE

Agronomic fortification with zinc fertilizers for enhanced nutritional quality of staple cereals and legumes in Southern Africa

Through use of farmer learning alliances, we demonstrated the benefits of using organic nutrient resources (cattle ma- nure and woodland leaf litter) in grain legume (cowpea) production, a practice which farmers only employed in staple maize production. Currently, the number of smallholder farmers practicing integrated soil fertility management on grain legume production has increased over the past few years due to promotion of such technologies by the Soil Fer- tility Consortium for Southern Africa (SOFECSA), under whose auspices this study was conducted. Now smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe are also aware of the benefits of organic nitrogen fertilizer use on improving grain zinc content Showing the difference between nitrogen + Fe treatment and the control treatment without nitrogen in an iron biofortification field. of their predominantly plant-based diets.

DR SOUINA DOLINASSOU Dépt des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, CAMEROON PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: Evaluation of the genotype x environment interaction of some physicochemical characteristics of groundnut seeds (Arachis hy- pogaea L.) in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Cameroon

The results of our work are widely used by farmers in the growing area for the artisanal production of peanut oil for the market and local consumption, especially through the ongoing popularization of the Gobo variety in Mayo-Da- nay and the Blanc variety in the northern region around Pitoa. In addition, the national development society for cotton (SODECOTON) was interested in our project and Dr. Souina Dolinassou receiving her graduation cap. allowed us to realize the characterization of oils.

MS HARISOA NARINDRA RAKOTOVAO Laboratoire de Radio-Isotopes, Service de la Radio-Agronomie Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, MADAGASCAR PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: Farm carbon footprint and soil carbon sequestration following adoption of agroecological practices on farmland in Itasy Region, Central High lands, Madagascar

The TropiC Farm Tool has been applied to evaluate the carbon footprint of agricultural sectors such as beans in the Itasy Region and vanilla in the Atsinanana Region of Madagascar. This tool will also soon be tested and adapted to other African countries such as Benin, Cameroon and Cote d’Ivoire as part of a project called SoCa (Soil C Sequestration to Sustain Family Farming in the Tropics). In the laboratory engaged in soil sample preparation.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 33 INCREASING USE OF RESEARCH

DR MUHAMMAD AFZAL Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic

PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: Engineering, Faisalabad PAKISTAN

A plant-bacterial synergistic strategy to improve degradation of synthetic textile dyes in constructed wetlands

In this project, plant-bacterial synergism was developed in constructed wetlands for the degradation of synthetic textile dyes and dye-rich textile effluent. It was applied in one of the biggest sock producing in- dustries in Faisalabad, Pakistan, for the remediation of dye-rich textile industry wastewater. About 50,000 litres of wastewater were treated by the developed constructed wetlands having the plants and bacteria. The treated wastewater met the national wastewater discharge standards of Pakistan. Moreover, this project helped to develop constructed floating wetlands that have been applied in the sewage and industrial wastewater stabilization ponds of Faisalabad and the wastewater stabilization pit of an oil and gas exploration company for the remediation of crude oil con- Installation of improvised rain gauges. taminated wastewater.

MS RAHILA MERIBAH YILANGAI The A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, University of Jos Biological Conservatory

Amurum Forest Reserve, Laminga WIKIMEDIA PHOTO: NIGERIA

Role of forest cover and species diversity in watershed services in a protected Nigerian reserve

Plant photos obtained from the project are being used to produce picture collections of medicinal plant specimens for the Department of Pharmacognosy at the University of Jos. The results of streamflow, rainfall and plant diversity are being used by APLORI as baseline data for developing a vegetation monitoring project for the Amurum Forest Reserve, and also as an anchor for grant-seeking for aspects of watershed management and capacity-building to establish solar- powered boreholes for neighbouring communities to reduce pressure on watersheds. Herbarium specimens are used by students and other researchers for plant identification, and hydrological processes are being monitored continuously for collection of long-term on site descriptive data for future analysis of hydrological processes. Faisalabad, Pakistan.

34 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 35 MS MONDUKPÈ VICTORINE OLODO Department of Agricultural Economics and Sociology Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou, Parakou PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: BENIN

Analysis of technical and economic performances of some cultural practices of agricultural soil fertility conservation in Northern Benin

LARDES used the results of this project as inputs to select potential interventions / actions of a newly approved project on sustainable land management in north Benin. Currently in its inception phase, the project is funded by the Fonds National pour Environement et le Climat (FNEC) and is aimed at supporting smallholder farmers in using sustainable practices to restore, improve or maintain soil fertility and reduce land Research work on soil fertility management in Northern Benin. degradation.

DR GIDEY YIRGA ABAY Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational Sciences (CNCS),

Mekelle University, Mekelle Tigray PRIVATE PHOTO: ETHIOPIA

Abundance, conflict, diet and human perception of lion (Panthera leo) conservation in Awash, Nechisar and Chebera Churchura Na tional Parks, Ethiopia

The results are now being used in developing a management plan for Awash and Nechisar national parks. We are developing an article (on the population of endangered lions found in Ethiopia) for the widely-read Conservation Africa, a site that solicits news articles from academics and makes them accessi- Call-up survey for lion population assessment in Nechisar national-park. ble to the public. The site is active in Australia, the UK and the US and has recently launched in Africa.

DR O ISIDORE AMAHOWE Centre de Perfectionnement en Sciences Agronomiques- CePeSA, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou

PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: BENIN

Linking functional traits and population dynamics of Afzelia africa- na across disturbance and ecological gradients in Benin, West Africa

The results on the effect of climatic zone on population structure showed the weakness of the regeneration in the dry region. There is ongoing negotiation with the forestry department to set up specific protection measures for the monitored populations. This has led the forest manager in the dry region to enhance protection efforts for small trees. Furthermore, Afzelia occurrence data collected during this project have been used by another project to model the species distribution under a climate change scenario. Measuring leaf area.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 35 INCREASING USE OF RESEARCH

MR YIHEW BIRU WOLDEGIORGIS Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agri- culture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa PRIVATE PHOTO: ETHIOPIA

Studying the interaction between livestock and wildlife in Awash National Park, Eastern Ethiopia

By bringing together all the stakeholders during the training sessions and discussions, participants agreed that smoother conflict management strategies needed to be implemented during conflict situations. Pastoral communities were convinced that they should be part of conservation activities and they are ready to live in harmony with the park. The authorities also changed their negative perceptions of local communities and now consider them as stakeholders rather than threats to wildlife conserva- Gene amplification by PCR instrument. tion activities. DR HUY THUAN NGUYEN Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research and Develop- ment Center, Duy Tan University, Danang VIETNAM PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO:

Biosynthesis and optimization for production of two flavonoid glycosides by statistical algorithms

Since my practically-oriented project was successful in synthesizing the bioactive compound astilbin using recombinant Escherichia coli, we are thinking to scale up the experiment as a pilot. In addition, we have collabo- rated with a pharmaceutical company called Novaco JSC in Dongda District of Hanoi to pilot fermentation conditions, purification and packaging of the product. Studying grass species compostion with the help of livestock herder.

MR MUKTI RAM PAUDEL Annapurna Research Centre , Annapurna Neurological Institute & Allied Sciences, Tanka Prasad Ghumti Sadak, Kathmandu NEPAL PHOTO: WIKIMEDIA PHOTO:

Micropropagation and anticancer activities of in vitro callus and in vivo Dendrobium longicornu Lindl

Dendrobium longicornu is the most traded orchid species of Nepal, leading to decline in its population in natural habitats. Micropropagation is an alternative tool to conserve this endangered species, which is a medicinal plant used by people as a tonic to treat cough and fever. The project studied the plant’s micropropagation and anticancer properties, with the results helping to conserve its natural population and exploring its anticancer properties against human cancer cell lines. This species may also be used to isolate anticancer compounds, which would add a new avenue in medicine. Dendrobium longicornu.

36 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 MS CLARA EUGENIA ROA-GARCÍA Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Abastecimiento de Agua, Saneamiento Ambientaly Conservación del Recurdo Hi-

PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: drico Ciudad Universitaria Meléndez, Cali COLOMBIA

Plantation forest’s impacts on soil water retention and water yield

The results of the differences between natural and plantation forests have been used by the manager of Tribunas Corcega ESP, the community water organization whose water source is located in an area of influence of the plantation forest. Scientific data helped him to convince local authorities of the long-term benefits of restoring native forests instead of plantation forests.

Study of soil infiltration capacity (with Edinson Suarez-Arevalo).

DR GEORGES DJOHY Département d’Economie et Sociologie Rurales Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou

BENIN PRIVATE PHOTO:

Socio-economic appropriation of the mobile phone in the pastoral societies of North Benin

The results were published in the well-known journalNo madic Peoples. In addition to already being cited by other researchers, we were recently contacted by a researcher affiliated with an American university to collaborate on research that she plans to perform in various pastoralist communities in Africa. The Civil Service for Peace of the German Agency for International Development Coopera- tion used our article to look for elements that could enable it to improve and strengthen its program to support trans- boundary transhumance governance in northern Benin. A Fulani in Pariki (Gogounou) checking on his herd during transhumance.

DR SELLY JEMUTAI KIMOSOP Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science, Masinde Muliro University of Science

PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: and Technology, Kakamega KENYA

Phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants: A case study in Western Kenya

The study was modified to remediation of pharmaceuticals using green-based sorption technology. The modified adsorbents have been used in prototypes within the university’s wastewater treatment plant (in the final treatment stage) for removal of pharmaceuticals and other persistent organic pollutants. One of the adsorbents is being tried for use in filtering drinking water. Sampling of wastewater and sludge from Nabongo treatment plant in This will provide an alternative water treatment technology. Kakamega, where water hyacinth is used for phytoremediation.

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 37 DONORS The support of IFS A range of donors and funders support the work of IFS, or parts of it:

IFS Approach 1 Project funding Individual Research Development donors: core funds Individual bequests IFS Approach 2 Restricted Collaborative Research funding Academic donors: core funds Co-financing IFS Approach 3 Contributing Innovation Other donations

As an individual or a representative of an organisation, if you share the mission of IFS, and wish to help, please contact us about: core funding of IFS, financing general or themed research calls, supporting capability building, collaborating on approaches or projects, co- funding our work, commissioning us to deliver research calls or capability building events, providing or sponsoring travel or placements for grantees, tools, equipment or software licences.

To make a bequest or legacy in your will is a valuable and enduring way of assisting and a personal investment to benefit early-career scientists in the developing world. If you or someone you know would like to make a bequest of financial support to IFS, please contact, in the first instance, the IFS director.

IFS donors/sponsors in 2018: • Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) • Carolina Mac Gillavry endowment, The Netherlands • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany • Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), France • Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (MAE), France • Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), The Netherlands • Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH), Pakistan • Podio Project Management Software Citrix Systems Inc. • Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Department for Research Cooperation, Sweden • Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland • The European Commission, Research Directorate-General

38 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 DONORS Donor Highlight

IFS and Belgium Cooperation with the collection, model, research and valorisation activities Within a few years after IFS was founded in 1974, Belgium of the Belgian Federal Scientific Institutes or of the research became one of our strategic partners, collaborating with IFS teams which were funded in one of the BELSPO research pro- through various Belgian agencies in the funding of individual grammes. The financial contribution of BELSPO was €100,000 and collaborative grants, and the involvement of Belgian sci- for each of the years 2013-2017. Due to some delays at the start entists in our grant-making and governance processes. The of the project, the first activities began in 2014, and the agree- overlapping of the IFS mission and the priorities for Belgium’s ment was extended into 2018. bilateral development cooperation (i.e., mitigating brain drain, supporting less-developed countries with a view toward pov- A Call for Collaborative Research on Biodiversity erty alleviation, and prioritising Africa, including francophone Following agreement with BELSPO that their funds could be countries) have been the basis for our collaboration over the used for collaborative grants, IFS launched a call for proposals years. The Government of Belgium, through the Federal Pub- on conservation and management of biodiversity in 2014 with lic Service Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development grants planned to be awarded in early 2015. Our aim was to Cooperation – Directorate-General for Development Coop- build awareness of the value of biodiversity and how to con- eration (DGDC), provided annual funding totalling approxi- serve and manage terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems related to mately €750,000 (unadjusted for inflation) to IFS for 20 years human health, livelihoods and wellbeing in equitable ways. IFS from 1978-1997. Also supporting the IFS mission have been and BELSPO believe it is important to integrate such thinking many volunteer experts and scientists from Belgium who are into development and poverty reduction strategies, including well-established in their fields and who currently review grant ways to eliminate harmful subsides, prevent extinction, and applications and provide valuable comments that are provided control invasive species and detrimental pollution. We were to all applicants. Belgian colleagues have also long been part especially keen to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations of the IFS Board of Trustees and Donors Group, providing of taxonomists, ecologists and social scientists to research to- guidance and input into policy decisions, even when Belgium’s gether on ecosystem services for sustainable development and financial support of IFS was interrupted for some years. poverty alleviation. The schedule and processes were designed based on IFS’s IFS-BELSPO Cooperation experiences with an earlier collaborative research call, and the In April 2013 Belgium came back on board as a funding part- grantees were typical IFS scientists, i.e., early-career research- ner through the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, known ers from IFS-eligible countries. Teams would consist of 3-5 as BELSPO, the federal government body responsible for re- members with collaborative research grant amounts ranging search policy in Belgium. It designs and implements research accordingly from USD 45,000-75,000 for research projects of programmes and networks and manages the participation of one to three years. A team’s annual budget for research activi- Belgium in European and international organizations. Through ties could be up to 70% of the total, with the cost of adminis- this collaboration IFS was able to expand its support to early- tering the collaboration at 20%, and 10% for planning, moni- career scientists as BELSPO also shared IFS’s values about how toring and evaluation. grantees independently decide on and carry out their research. After launching the call, hundreds of young scientists IFS and BELSPO both believe that it is vital for researchers to expressed interest and joined our online social networking have opportunities to propose projects which they identify as platform where 45 teams were built (many combining franco- having potential to address problems in their country of origin, phone and anglophone scientists). Of the 26 teams who sub- relevant to the needs of the country, and supported through a mitted proposals through IFS’s online application process, 13 demand-led, long-term, predictable research granting and ca- passed pre-screening and attended a workshop on collabora- pability-enhancing programme. IFS and BELSPO also believe tive research in Benin in December 2014. that enrichment of knowledge through cooperation is in our common interest, and can be intellectually conducive to build- Getting Started in Benin ing capability. Where it is useful to do so, developing-country A four-day Collaborative Research Workshop on “Getting science can also draw on the wealth of scientific knowledge Started” was organized by IFS in conjunction with the Univer- in other parts of the world. Our two organisations also have sity of Abomey Calavi through the Benin IFS alumni associa- relationships with scientific institutions in the global north and tion, in Ouidah in December 2014, with financial support from south, and aim where they can to broker and support mutual- BELSPO, the Carnegie Corporation and the Carolina Mac ly-beneficial linkages. Gillavry Fund. The workshop brought together 45 researchers A five-year cooperation agreement was signed between anticipating to become involved in collaborative research on BELSPO and IFS for 2013-2017, with 2013 being a transition biodiversity, along with nine researchers already actively in- year. Its purpose was to provide financial support to IFS to or- volved in an earlier IFS collaborative research pilot, who acted ganise a range of activities which would allow early-career re- as resource people. The participants came from eight countries searchers from developing countries to familiarize themselves in Sub-Saharan Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire,

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 39 DONORS PEOPLE, FINANCES, AFFILIATES AND GRANTS

Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda), with to a non-scientific audience. Although there was a recognition more than 40% of the applicant-participants being women. that collaborative research is needed in Africa, there is also a perception of there being little political will or commitment to The workshop was appreciated by all participants and achieved support it. Examples of relatively small steps that could lead to its expected outputs in that it generated increased awareness of: significant change include the facilitation of visas for scientific exchange, the transport of experimental samples and equip- • Opportunities and challenges in doing collaborative re- ment, and the transfer of funds to research and educational search institutions. • Issues in biodiversity and conservation in African contexts Individual Research Grants to Early-career Scientists • Donor assessment of research proposals Another activity carried out under the IFS-BELSPO coopera- • Strengths and weaknesses of the projects discussed dur- tion was the awarding of ten new individual grants to researching the workshop ers from the Belgian Federal Scientific Institutes or research • Opportunities for early-career African biodiversity re- teams funded in one of the BELSPO research programmes. searchers to widen and strengthen their scientific net- Applicants were invited to submit research proposals under the works, and three thematic clusters of: • Participants’ own capacities to successfully apply for future individual and/or collaborative research grants. • Biological Resources in Terrestrial Systems • Water and Aquatic Resources, and After a thorough assessment by IFS advisors and following a • Food Security, Dietary Diversity and Healthy Livelihoods meeting of the IFS Collaborative Scientific Advisory Commit- tee, the teams were informed in early 2015 about the results of Applications were processed by the IFS Secretariat, reviewed their project reviews. Nine teams of 35 early-career scientists by a pool of selected external evaluators, their recommenda- were conditionally recommended for funding and four teams tions considered by the IFS Scientific Advisory Committees, were not accepted for funding. and feedback was provided to both successful and unsuccessful applicants. Sixteen relevant, purpose-driven research projects Collaborative Research Conference that demonstrated high standards of scientific merit were ap- In February 2016, IFS hosted a Collaborative Research Con- proved for funding. Among them were projects on pest man- ference at the African Academy of Sciences in Nairobi, with agement in Senegal, conservation of Bale monkeys in Ethiopia, support from BELSPO, the Carnegie Corporation and the snails as vectors of parasites in Zimbabwe, biodiversity of mac- Carolina Mac Gillavry Fund. The conference’s objectives were roinvertebrates in a lake in Benin, and diversity of amphibious to showcase the pilot approach and engage with organisations fauna in a reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. which wished to fund or support research collaboration using a similar approach. Early-career scientists representing Achievements: Present, Future and Past the IFS-supported collaborative research teams came from IFS and BELSPO embarked on a five-year cooperation agree- Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Tanzania and Uganda to present ment with the hope to achieve outputs on: the progress of their research through professionally prepared posters and to interact with participants from other organiza- • Collaborative research on biodiversity and enhancing the tions. Wide-ranging discussions and suggestions were made on capacity of early-career scientists to learn how to collabo- collaborative research and the differences between it and in- rate across disciplines dividual research; crossing boundaries of languages, countries • Support for individual research under the three IFS and disciplines; sharing of equipment; mentorship and risk research clusters, working together with BELSPO-sup- management; relevance and dissemination of the research; and ported institutions in Belgium, and defining success and sustainability. The collaborative research • Sharing of experiences between IFS and BELSPO in ad- team representatives gave presentations on forming groups, ministering and managing collaborative grants, and in conceptualising research topics, meeting face to face, carry- providing guidance and mentoring to grantees. ing out the research, and taking what they learned into their workplaces, careers and countries. Representatives of other IFS and BELSPO have certainly benefitted from our increased organisations also spoke about their own programs, efforts and interactions and the lessons we have learned from each other. interests in collaborative research. We look ahead to more since our collaboration is ongoing and A widespread feeling among the conference-goers was that some grantees are still doing their research with the support of the collaborative research projects brought together women BELSPO. We also thank the Government of Belgium and the and men from across disciplines, languages and regions to many Belgians who have been a part of IFS for more than 40 find African solutions to development issues on the continent. years. While there was a clear professional benefit to each young researcher in terms of what they were learning and experienc- ing, and also a potentially wide scope to disseminate their results, it was acknowledged that efforts are needed to make clear the economic benefits of the research and the approach

40 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 PEOPLE, FINANCES, AFFILIATES AND GRANTS

Impact of IFS on my life Dr Vanvimon Saksmerprome: IFS grants played a part early in my research career

ince 2008, I have been research is applicable to industry by appreciative of being developing the RNA interference awarded a number of na- platform at a multidisciplinary col-

tional and international PRIVATE PHOTO: laborative research unit between grants for early-career BIOTEC and the Faculty of Science scientists, including two individual at Mahidol University, the Center of Sgrants from IFS in 2010 and 2013. Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Bi- Receiving my first IFS grant was ology and Biotechnology (CENTEX a rewarding experience because it Shrimp). The RNA interference was my first international one as a platform enables the application young researcher. The IFS grants of RNA-based silencing and other enabled me to pursue my work in nucleic acid-based technology for Thailand, my home country, and led aquaculture disease control. to a number of international publi- Our RNA-silencing techniques cations and patents that allowed me were tested on a pilot-scale farm and to apply for national funding. Sub- proved to be successful in mitigat- sequently, I have authored 26 peer- ing slow-growth shrimp virus. This reviewed experimental and review project signified the culmination articles which have more than 263 of six years of research, recognized citations and I have submitted four and awarded in 2017 and 2018 by Thai patents, four innovation pa- the National Research Council of tents and one prototype. One never Thailand in the field of agricultural knows where early small grants may science and biology. The awards lead! Dr Vanvimon Saksmerprome. acknowledged my research on the I am now a Principal Investigator management of Laem-singh virus- at the National Center for Genetic associated monodon slow-growth Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) based at the National syndrome in black tiger shrimp using RNA interference tech- Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) in Bang- nique, and the discovery of random genome fragments of IHHNV kok, Thailand. I completed my PhD in Biochemistry from Indiana (Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus) in University and was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Mas- the giant tiger shrimp genome, and its implication for developing sachusetts Medical School. In the field of aquaculture, I specialize more accurate and sensitive viral diagnosis. I was also recently in RNA-based silencing and other nucleic acid-based technologies awarded the international Newton Advanced Fellowship by the for disease control in aquatic animals. Royal Society in the United Kingdom to pursue further research The shrimp farming industry is of huge importance to Thailand on the establishment of RNA-based algal technology for sustain- and neighbouring Southeast Asian countries. It is one of Thailand’s able disease control in shrimp aquaculture. I attribute my success largest export earners, employing many people and producing up partly to formal and long-term international collaborations that I to 400,000 tons annually. Viral disease outbreaks cause massive have cultivated throughout my years in science. damage in terms of both economic losses and food supply. I have I consider the fundamental importance of collaboration as a developed novel and effective methods to prevent and control viral key factor for success in science. Collaborations with productive infections, with my research aimed at producing solutions for sig- partners and the creation of effective research teams are essential nificant challenges faced by the shrimp farming industry in Thai- factors that have helped me achieve my career goals. In contrast, land and other countries. I specialize in two distinct approaches finding sources of sustainable funding – not only for research- that are involved in RNA silencing-based antiviral technology and based expenses, but also for the financial support of research as- diagnosis of infection of shrimp parvovirus. I ensured that my sistants and students – has been a significant barrier to overcome,

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 41 PEOPLE, FINANCES, AFFILIATES AND GRANTS

highlighting the importance of grants-making organizations such time researcher and parent. I do not have much free time, so I as IFS. I believe that to strengthen connections among scientists, must manage my schedule efficiently. I recognize that women research institutions and funding organizations, all parties require researchers with children have to work harder to achieve their a common vision and shared understanding of current issues and goals because of extra time constraints, which is perhaps not the challenges facing an industry. Policy-makers are sometimes una- case for many men and women without children. As a principal ware of priorities and the relative importance of local problems, investigator, I have noticed the increasing difficulty of obtaining resulting in the allocation of funds not necessarily reflecting actual national government grants and therefore have had to rely more needs. on international grants. I encourage young scientists to look for With two young children I find it challenging to be a full- such opportunities as offered by IFS.

IFS BOARD OF TRUSTEES IFS SENIOR

Prof Berhanu Abegaz, Ethiopia, Member of the African Union High Panel of Emerging Technologies AMBASSADORS Prof Malcolm Beveridge (Chair), UK, (Institute of Aquaculture) University of Stirling, Scotland Dr Nighisty Ghezae, Sweden, Director, Stockholm (Ex-officio) Prof Kjell Havnevik, Norway, (Dept of Global Development and Planning) University of Agder,

Kristiansand PRIVATE PHOTO: PRIVATE PHOTO: Dr Thammarat Koottatep, Thailand, Associate Professor, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani Prof Harriet Kuhnlein, Canada, (Human Nutrition) McGill University, Montréal Prof Anders Malmer, Sweden, Director, SLU Global, Uppsala Prof Yunus Daud Mgaya, Tanzania, Director General, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) DR. EDITH PROF YUNUS Ms Elisabeth Schenker, Switzerland, Scientific Officer, Swiss National Science Foundation, Berne TALEISNIK DAUD MGAYA Research Fellow, Director General , Prof Beatriz da Silveira Pinheiro, Brazil, Retired EMBRAPA Researcher National Research National Institute for Dr Edith Taleisnik, Argentina, Research Fellow, National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Cordoba Council of Argentina Medical research Dr Bishnu Upreti, Nepal, Executive Director, Nepal Center for Contemporary Research (NCCR), Kathmandu (CONICET), Cordoba (NIMR), Tanzania Prof Patrick Van Damme (Vice Chair), Belgium, (Centre for Sustainable Development) University of Ghent IFS AMBASSADORS IFS STAFF Since its establishment in 1972, and as a result of its support of early-career Ms Heli Andersson, Manager, Database and Statistics scientists across the world, IFS has Mr Ulf Edin, Head of Administration generated and nurtured professional Ms Annika Eriksson, Programme Administrator, Animal Production and Aquatic Resources and personal goodwill among thousands Dr Nighisty Ghezae, Director of people. Many of them have arrived at Dr Ingrid Leemans, Scientific Programme Coordinator, Animal Production, Aquatic Resources and Water places in their own careers where they Resources have a voice and influence on matters of Ms Josiane Lindberg, Purchasing Manager importance when it comes to the support of scientific endeavors of all kinds. Ms Ingrid Lindhe, Programme Administrator, Crop Science and Forestry/Agroforestry Mr Elvis Bahati Orlendo, Web Editor, Social Media and Information Manager The IFS Secretariat will invite volunteers Ms Nathalie Persson Andrianasitera, Scientific Programme Coordinator, Food Science and Social Sciences to be Ambassadors from among past and Ms Louise Heegaard, Fundraiser present Trustees and Scientific Advisers, Ms Jill Wallin, Office Manager, Purchasing Manager and Adminstrator and the growing numbers of alumni, who Ms Sirilak Pongpatipat, Accounting Administrator themselves are now forming into associations in particular countries. Ms Eva Rostig, Programme Administrator, Natural Products and Water Resources Ms Pirkko Tolamo, Office Manager

42 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 FINANCIAL STATEMENT

STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSE (in thousands SEK)

1 January– 1 January– 31 December 2018 31 December 2017

Programme Revenue Core and Restricted Contributions 34 360 24 930 Grants Withdrawn 1 304 212 Other Programme Revenue 52 168

Total Programme Revenue 35 716 25 310

Programme Expense Programme Services 32 800 20 135 Fundraising and Partnership Building 2 433 1 720 Management and General 1 659 1 843

Total Programme Expense 36 892 23 697

Programme Income less Expense -1 177 1 613

Result from financial assets Income from other investments held as fixed assets 748 687 Interest Income 87 76 Exchange gain / loss 352 74 Asset Income less Expense 1 187 836

Net Income less Expense 10 2 449

Change of designated funds Net Income less Expense for the Year (see above) 10 2 449 Use of designated funds from previous years 0 0 Designated funds 859 -1 598 Remaining amount/change of equity balance 869 851

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 43 FINANCIAL STATEMENT

BALANCE SHEET (in thousands SEK) 31 December 2017 31 December 2018 Assets Fixed Assets Tangible Assets Equipment, Furniture and Fixtures 94 85 Financial Assets Other long-term investments 15 290 14 542 Long-term Donor Receivables 260 509 Total Fixed Assets 15 644 15 137

Current Assets Current Receivables Donor Receivables 1 151 1 045 Other Current Receivables 814 701 Prepaid Expense and Accrued Income 613 659 Total Current Receivables 2 578 2 405

Cash and Bank Balances 25 130 31 116 Total Current Assets 27 708 33 522

Total Assets 43 351 48 658

Equity and Liabilities Designated funds Board Designated Fund for Contingencies 14 635 14 908 Carolina MacGillavry Fund 12 223 12 809 Total Designated Funds 26 858 27 717

Balanced capital Balance, 1 January -2 123 -5 431 Net Income less Expense for the Year 10 2 449 Total Balanced Capital -2 113 -2 982

Total Equity 24 746 24 735

Current Liabilities Research Grants Payable 15 367 10 975 Deferred Restricted Contributions 573 10 123 Accounts Payable 102 145 Other Current Liabilities 642 626 Accrued Expense and Prepaid Income 1 921 2 054 Total Current Liabilities 18 606 23 923

Total Net Assets and Liabilities 43 351 48 658

44 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 AFFILIATED ORGANISATIONS

NATIONAL ORGANISATIONS COLOMBIA GHANA ARGENTINA Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (ACCEFYN) Físicas y Naturales (ANCEFN) Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas GUINEA Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria Direction Nationale de la Recherche Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (CIPAV) Scientifique et Technique Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la AUSTRALIA Ciencia y Tecnología (COLCIENCIAS) GUINEA BISSAU Australian Academy of Science (AAS) Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa (INEP) CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE) AUSTRIA Direction Générale de la Recherche GUYANA Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Scientifique et Technique, MENRST Institute of Applied Science and Technology Forschung (FWF) Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften COSTA RICA HONDURAS (ÖAW) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Consejo Hondureño de Ciencia y Tecnología Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICIT) (COHCIT) BANGLADESH Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial CÔTE D’IVOIRE INDIA Research (BCSIR) Académie des Sciences, des Arts, des Cultures Indian National Science Academy (INSA) d´Afrique et des Diaporas africaines BELGIUM INDONESIA Académie Royale des Sciences d’Outre Mer CUBA Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) (ARSOM) Academia de Ciencias de Cuba (ACC) Académie Royale des Sciences des Lettres et des Ministry for Foreign Investment and Economic ISRAEL Beaux Arts de Belgique Cooperation The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België (KVAB) DENMARK JAMAICA Akademiet for de Tekniske Videnskaber (ATV) Scientific Research Council (SRC) BOLIVIA Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia (RDVS) JORDAN (ANCB) Royal Scientific Society (RSS) ECUADOR BRAZIL Fundación para la Ciencia y la Tecnología KENYA Academia Brasileira de Ciencias (ABC) (FUNDACYT) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Kenya National Academy of Sciences (KNAS) Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) EGYPT Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Academy of Scientific Research and Technology KOREA DPR (NORTH) (ASRT) Academy of Sciences of DPR Korea BURKINA FASO Ministère des Enseignements Secondaire, EL SALVADOR KOREA R (SOUTH) Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología National Academy of Sciences (NAS) (MESSER) (CONACYT) KUWAIT CAMEROON ETHIOPIA Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) Ministry of Scientific and Technical Research Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission (ESTC) LATVIA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Latvian Academy of Sciences (LAS) l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche FINLAND Scientifique Delegation of the Finnish Academies of Science LESOTHO and Letters The National University of Lesotho (NUL) CHAD Direction de la Recherche Scientifique et FRANCE LIBERIA Technique, MESRS Académie des Sciences University of Liberia (UL) Centre de Coopération Inter-nationale en CHILE Recherche Agronomique pour le MADAGASCAR Academia Chilena de Ciencias Développement (CIRAD) Académie National Malgache Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Tecnológica (CONICYT) (INRA) MALAWI Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) National Research Council of Malawi (NRCM) CHINA Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) GERMANY MALAYSIA Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Malaysian Scientific Association (MSA) Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 45 MALI SAUDI ARABIA VENEZUELA Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology The Ministry of Popular Power for Science and Technologique (CNRST) (KACST) Technology Comité National de la Recherche Agricole (CNRA) SENEGAL VIET NAM Délégation aux Affaires Scientifiques et Ministry for Science and Technology (MOST) MEXICO Techniques, MRST Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología ZAMBIA (CONACYT) SEYCHELLES National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Seychelles Bureau of Standards (SBS) Research (NISIR) MONGOLIA Mongolian Academy of Sciences SIERRA LEONE ZIMBABWE Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) Scientific and Industrial Research and MOROCCO Development Centre (SIRDC) Centre National de Coordination et de Planifica- SOUTH AFRICA University of Zimbabwe tion de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique National Research Foundation (NRF) (CNR) REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II SRI LANKA AFRICA National Science Foundation (NSF) Association for Strengthening Agricultural MOZAMBIQUE Research in Eastern and Central Africa Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) SUDAN (ASARECA) The Scientific Research Association of National Centre for Research (NCR) Association of African Universities (AAU) Mozambique (AICIMO) Centre Regional pour l’Eau Potable et SWEDEN l’Assainissement à faible coût (CREPA) NEPAL Ingenjörsvetenskapsakademien (IVA) Institut du Sahel (INSAH) Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Kungliga Skogs och Lantbruksakademien The African Academy of Sciences (AAS) Technology (RONAST) (KSLA) West and Central African Council for Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien (KVA) Agricultural Research and Development NETHERLANDS (WECARD/CORAF) Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van SWITZERLAND Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Wetenschappen (KNAW) Council of the Swiss Scientific Academies Association (WIOMSA) (CASS) NIGER Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Université Abdou Moumouni Centro Agronónomico Tropical de Investigación TANZANIA y Enseñanza (CATIE) NIGERIA Tanzania Commission for Science and The Caribbean Academy of Sciences (CAS) Federal Ministry of Science and Technology Technology (COSTECH) Caribbean Agricultural Research and (FMST) Development Institute (CARDI) The Nigerian Academy of Science (NAS) THAILAND National Research Council of Thailand (NRC) INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS NORWAY Thailand Research Fund (TRF) BioNET-INTERNATIONAL (The Global Det Norske Videnskaps¬Akademi (DNVA) Network for Taxonomy) TUNISIA International Organisation for Chemical PAKISTAN Direction Générale de la Recherche Sciences in Development (IOCD) Pakistan Council for Science and Technology Scientifique et Technique, MES International Union of Forest Research (PCST) Organisations (IUFRO) UGANDA The Academy of Sciences for the Developing PANAMA National Agricultural Research Organisation World (TWAS) Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia e (NARO) Consultative Group on International Agricultural Innovación (SENACYT) Uganda National Council for Science and Research (CGIAR): Universidad de Panamá Technology (UNCST) CGIAR Secretariat Bioversity International PAPUA NEW GUINEA UNITED KINGDOM Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical The University of Papua New Guinea The Royal Society (CIAT) Natural Resources Institute (NRI) Centre for International Forestry Research PERU (CIFOR) Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología URUGUAY International Centre for Agricultural Research in (CONCYTEC) Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Basicas the Dry Areas (ICARDA) (PEDECIBA) International Centre for Research in PHILIPPINES Agroforestry (ICRAF) National Research Council of the Philippines USA International Water Management Institute (NRCP) American Academy of Arts and Sciences (IWMI) (AAAS) World Fish Center POLAND National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS)

46 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH GRANTS AWARDED IN 2018

BANGLADESH AYENA, Aimé Cézaire tion des élevages bovins du Nord Bénin face aux HOQUE, Sazedul Profil toxicologique comparatif des organes changements climatiques Quantitative risk assessment of organochlorine (feuilles, écorce de tronc et de racines) de Pte- compound (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane, rocarpus santalinoides L’Hér. ex DC. (Papilio- IMOROU, Lucien DDT) contaminated dried fish consumption in noideae), une espèce médicinale et alimentaire Diversité, caractérisation et amélioration de the coastal area of Bangladesh très utilisée au Sud-Bénin la productivité de Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) au Bénin ISLAM, Md. Shafiqul AZONWADE, François Sero-monitoring and detection of circulating Contribution à la valorisation de la propolis ré- KINGBO, Armand Leptospira species in dairy cattle from milk coltée dans les trois zones phytogéographiques Structure, écologie et biodiversité des éco- producing selected areas of Bangladesh du Bénin: un produit naturel de la ruche aux systèmes forestiers du Sud-Bénin (Afrique de nombreux bienfaits l’Ouest) dans le contexte des changements NOWREEN, Sara climatiques Study on abstraction-induced recharge as an BALAGUEMAN, Rodrigue adaptation response to climate variation for Theoretical, technical and economic assess- KOUSSOVI, Guillaume shallow aquifer in Bangladesh ment of crops and forestry residue potential for Establishment of the biological and zootechnical bioenergy production in Benin (West Africa) bases of a controlled breeding of the freshwater SHAHA, Dinesh Chandra prawn Macrobrachium macrobrachion (Herk- A study on export of saline water and nutrients DAHOU, Nodiet Melody lots, 1851) from the Shibsa River estuary, Bangladesh Comportement du sol et des cultures sous l’action des outils motorisés dans différentes zones KPEGLI, Kodjo Apélété Raoul BENIN agro écologiques du Bénin : cas de la culture du Impacts of future climate and population growth ADECHINA, Adéniran Rodrigue M.A. coton dans la zone cotonnière du Nord-Bénin on the artesian groundwater resources: a case Modélisation du transport des matières solides, study from southern Benin dissoutes et organiques dans le bassin du fleuve DJIHOUESSI, Belfrid Ouémé au Bénin Modelling nutrients transport and their eco- LEDEROUN, Djiman nomic effects on the surface water in the Delta Diversité et ecologie des poissons du bassin du ADJAHOSSOU, Sessi Gilles Christian of Ouémé (Benin) Couffo (Bénin, Afrique de l’Ouest) Evaluation des structures spatiales, des aires prioritaires de conservation et de l’aptitude à DOSSOU, Smith LOKONON, Bruno la multiplication végétative de Isoberlinia doka Contribution potentielle de la production du Regeneration status and variation in seed and et I. tomentosa pour une gestion participative fromage de soja (Tofu) à l’amélioration des seedling morphology of the six most prioritized durable des forêts claires du Bénin (Afrique de moyens d’existences des femmes au Sud-Bénin woody species by the local people of Ouémé l’Ouest) catchment in Benin: implications for selecting FAVI, Gnimansou Abraham superior planting material AKAKPO, Amandine Statut de conservation, variabilité morpholo- Assessing the domestication potential of Co- gique et capacité reproductive des Cochlosper- OBADA, Ezéchiel chlospermum tinctorium A.Rich, a neglected mum spp. au Bénin Title of your research project: Assessment of and underutilized medicinal and food subshrub contemporary and future water availability and species in Benin HOUDANON, Roël droughts: case study of Niger and Ouémé ba- Phylogenetic community structure of locally sins in Benin (West Africa) AKPLO, Tobi Moriaque harvest ectomycorrhizal fungi from “Ouémé Évaluation des effets du semis direct sous Supérieur” Forest Reserve OGOUGBE, Raïmatou couvert végétal sur l›érosion hydrique du sol et Pharmacotoxicological and ecological conser- la productivité du maïs au Bénin HOUNDJO, Bignon Daniel Maxime vation study of Harrisonia abyssinica: medicinal Valorisation des déjections de bovins dans la plant traditionally used for treatment of malaria AÏTONDJI, Akouavi production et la dissémination des semences de and microbial infections in Benin Soil degradation assessment and implementa- légumineuses fourragères au Bénin tion of mitigation measures in gravel quarries PELEBE, Edéya Orobiyi Rodrigue in Benin HOUNGBEDJI, Marcel Amélioration des performances zootechniques, Safety assessment of lactic acid bacteria and nutritionnelles et sanitaires des poissons élevés AMOUSSA, Abdou Madjid Olatoundé yeasts and development of multifunctional dans les retenues d’eau du bassin cotonnier en Isolement et purification bioguidée de molé- starter culture for the production of nutritious vue du développement d’une filière piscicole cules antimicrobiennes de trois espèces du and safe cereal based fermented foods saine et rentable au nord du Bénin genre Acacia utilisées dans le traitement des infections microbiennes au Bénin HOUNMANOU, Yaovi SOSSA, Elvire Line Implication of tilapia in the emergence and Valorisation des résidus de récolte et de trans- ANAGO CODJO, Vêtindo Mélain transmission of progenitors of toxigenic Vibrio formation d’ananas (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) Floristic diversity, stand structure, socio-eco- cholerae in the aquatic environment during pour une gestion durable de la fertilité des sols nomic importance, and ecological role of liana non-cholera outbreak periods in Tanzania in two biodiversity hotspots forest reserves of TONI, Hermann Benin: implications for sustainable management IDRISSOU, Yaya Ecologie de pollinisation et utilisation de Modélisation des stratégies durables d’adapta- l’abeille mellifère Apis mellifera adansonii pour

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 47 améliorer la productivité du karité Vitellaria KIEBRE, Zakaria BELLE EBANDA KEDI, Philippe paradoxa dans le Nord Benin Étude de la diversité génétique et sélection de Eco-friendly synthesis, characterization and variétés de chou africain (Cleome gynandra L.) evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of gold, TONOUEWA, Murielle pour l’amélioration de la sécurité nutritionnelle palladium and silver nanoparticles from Emilia Productivité, caractéristiques anatomiques, des populations au Burkina Faso coccinea physico-mécaniques et dendro-énergétique de Acacia auriculiformis en fonction du sol et de la NARE, Alice BON, André Firmin sylviculture au Bénin Effets de la composition et de l’humidité sur la Apport des outils géochimiques et des isotopes dégradation des pesticides dans un biobed au du strontium pour caractériser les processus TOSSO, Félicien Burkina Faso hydrogéologiques du bassin versant de l’Olé- Exploring soil seed bank in two contrasted zoa, Yaoundé-Cameroun forest reserves in Benin (West Africa) for eco- NIKIEMA, Mahamadi logical restoration Contribution à la valorisation des agro-res- DZAVI, Jean sources : Production de bioénergie à partir de la Etat écologiques des quelques cours d’eau en WEDJANGNON, Adigla Appolinaire digestion anaérobie des déchets de transforma- zone forestière au Cameroun: diversité des Dynamique spatiale des espèces et régénéra- tion de noix de cajou (Anacadium occidentale) invertébrés benthiques et des hyphomycètes tion naturelle dans les îlots de forêts denses en au Burkina Faso aquatiques, décomposition de litière et physi- République du Bénin co-chimie des eaux OUEDRAOGO, Vincent ZANDAGBA, Esdras Babadjidé Josué Evaluation de l’activité anti-quorum sensing et FOTANG, Chefor Gestion Intégrée des ressources en eau du antibiofilm de molécules isolées de l’écorce de Ecology and Behaviour of Wild Nigeria - Cam- complexe lac Nokoué, lagune de Cotonou et tronc de Anogeisuss leiocarpus Guill. & Perr. eroon Chimpanzee in Kom-Wum Forest Re- lagune de Porto Novo au Bénin: modélisation du (Combretaceae) sur Pseudomonas aeruginosa serve and Mbi Crater Kefem Landscape in the fonctionnement hydrodynamique et écologique PAO1 North- West Region of Cameroon et perspectives d’aménagements ROUAMBA, Ablassé GALANI, Borris Rosnay ZAVINON, Fiacre Etude du mode d’action des molécules géno- Effect of the grinding/sieving process on the Association mapping of agronomic and mor- protectrices isolées de la pulpe des fruits de filaricidal activities of three Meliaceae species phologic traits in a population of pigeonpea Detarium microcarpum Guill. et Perr. (Cae- used for the treatment of parasitic hepatitis [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] cultivars from West salpiniaceae) sur le maintien de l’intégrité de Africa l’ADN HAROUNA, Difo Investigation of Some Wild Underexploited BHUTAN SANOU, Lassina Legumes (Vigna species) as Efficient Feed NAIR, Anooja Restauration des habitats et conservation des Ingredient Alternative for Broilers Detection and enumeration of Listeria mono- espèces végétales menacées d’extinction dans cytogenes from ‘datsi’, homemade cheese la forêt classée de Tiogo au Burkina Faso KAMENI, Serge from Thimphu, Wangdiphodrang and Punakha Influence of some natural plant’s extracts on dzongkhag in Bhutan SONDO, Moussa sperm, oxidative stress parameters and fecundi- Diagnostic des bactéries pathogènes associées ty during liquid storage of Blackbelly ram (Ovis PHUENTSHOK, Yoenten aux semences de riz produites dans les écosys- aries) semen at 5°C Prevalence of Gid (Coenurosis) in yak from gid tèmes rizicoles au Burkina Faso endemic and non-endemic districts of Bhutan KAMGA TAGNE, Franky and its associated risk factors TIENDREBEOGO, Josiane Optimisation de l’extraction assistée par mi- Sélection de meilleures variétés de sorgho à cro-onde des composés phénoliques et des BOLIVIA grains sucrés [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] du iridoïdes d’ Asystasia decipiens: Etude phyto- DOMIC RIVADENEIRA, Alejandra Burkina Faso pour un double usage: alimentaire chimique et évaluation des activités antioxy- Climate change and anthropogenic impact ef- et fourrager dantes et antimicrobiennes fects on the distribution of Polylepis woodlands in the South Central Andes of Bolivia during the ZERBO, Issouf MBUYO PAMI, Elvine last 10,000 years Impact of climate, land use and overexploitation Determination of the mechanisms underlying on the conservation of Pterocarpus lucens the antihypertensive effect of Garcinia lucida GUIZADA DURAN, Luis Lepr. ex Guill. & Per.: a threatened useful woody Vesque (Clusiaceae) Distribution and habitat suitability modelling for species from Burkina Faso (West Africa) Inia boliviensis in the Bolivian Amazon MOMO SOLEFACK, Marie Caroline ZERBO, Rockia Marie Nadège Réponse anatomique à l’écorçage de quelques MENDEZ MOJICA, Diego Ricardo Effet des amendements organiques sur le deve- essences d’intérêt économique en vue d’une Movement ecology and conservation of the nir des métaux lourds dans les sols agricoles au gestion rationnelle des ressources naturelles au Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) in the eastern Burkina Faso Cameroun Andes of Bolivia from a sustainable development approach CAMEROON MOUAFFO, Armel Gael AKOUTOU, Etienne Caractérisation des mosaïques agroforestières BURKINA FASO Analyse des facteurs épidémiologiques de la et domestication des essences à haute valeur de CISSE, Hama Gommose sur agrumes (causée par Phyto- conservation et marchande dans la Réserve de Caractérisation moléculaire des microorga- phthora spp.) en zones de forêts humides du Biosphère du dja au Cameroun nismes à potentiel probiotique isolés des laits Cameroun caillés de chamelle, de chèvre et de vache au MAFOUO SONHAFOUO, Vanessa Burkina Faso Étude du régime alimentaire et enquêtes sur le

48 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 statut de conservation de la grenouille goliath MANSOR, Eman BESSAH, Enoch au Cameroun Low cost effective green metal organic frame Effects of climate and land use change on works and mixed matrix membranes for water hydrological ecosystem services in Pra River NOUKEU NKOUAKAM, Armelle decontamination Basin, Ghana Effet de l’épandage de vinasses de distillerie d’alcool sur le comportement du maïs et ETHIOPIA GUUROH, Reginald quelques propriétés du sol ABRHA, Shushay Land use and climate effects on plant species Patterns of morphological, nutritional and ge- diversity in Ghana SEUMO TCHEKWAGEP, Patrick Marcel netic variations, and seed systems of sorghum A disposable screen printed electrodes mod- (Sorghum bicolor L) in north western Ethiopia KUUSAANA, Elias Danyi ified with silver nanoparticles: application for Green infrastructure as a catalyst of green electroquantification of arsenic(III) in rice BEKERIE, Tibebu growth and urban resilience in secondary cities Evaluation and modelling of riparian buffer of the developing world TAMGNO, Béranger Raoul performance under natural rainfall conditions, Activité insecticide des formulations Ethiopia JORDAN poudreuses de légumineuses et d’huiles essen- ABDELQADER, Anas tielles dans la protection des poissons fumés et GEBREKIDAN, Hanibal Evaluating the nutritive value and the prebiotic séchés au cours du stockage Bed load in African Rivers and its implication activity of the Seaweed Ulva lactuca for broiler on lake sedimentation: a case from Upper Blue chickens ZINGUE, Stephane Nile River Basin (Ethiopia) Evaluation of the antitumoral effects of com- KENYA pounds isolated from Ficus umbellata Vahl GIZAW, Tsyon CHELAL, John (Moraceae) : towards a better understanding of Spatial and temporal composition of birds and Geographical distribution, severity, yield loss its underlying mechanisms its habitat use in Gedeo Indigenous Multi-strata and management of Soybean rust in Western Agroforestry Systems, Southern Ethiopia Kenya CONGO D R BATSA MOUWEMBE, Marcelle Armande MENGISTU, Aramde DAUDI, Lillian Estimation et spatialisation des stocks de car- Impact of Landuse/Land Cover Change on the Spatio-temporal patterns of fish assemblages bone organique du sol suivant les changements habitat quality of Nech Sar National Park: Impli- and habitat use related to habitat degradation d’utilisation des terres et les types de sols dans cation for conservation planning within Thalassodendron ciliatum meadows in le massif forestier du Chaillu (République du Diani-Chale lagoon, Kenya Congo) MIHERETU, Birhan Asmame Implication of landscape enclosure for climate KIAMA, Catherine MBADIKO, Clement change mitigation and enhancing food security Microbial diversity of salty lakes in Kenya Etude phytochimique et évaluation de l’ac- in Wollo area, Ethiopia tivité antidrépanocytaire, antipaludique et KIGATHI, Rose antibactérienne de deux plantes utilisées par NGUSSIE, Haftom Characterization of salt tolerance in African la population locale: Cas de Curcuma longa et Mechanisms by which honeybees in Africa nightshades (Solanum nigrum complex) Scorodophloeus Zenkeri (Ethiopia) cope with pathogens and pests KIMUYU, Duncan NDAMIYEHE, Jean-Baptiste TEFERA, Gebrekidan Worku Impacts of large mammalian herbivores on Prédictions des stocks et flux de biomasse à par- Optimal watershed management scenarios woody vegetation along environmental gradient tir d’une caractérisation tridimensionnelle de la under climate change in Beressa watershed of in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem structure des forêts tropicales Jemma Sub-basin, Blue Nile Basin KUJA, Josiah COTE D’IVOIRE TESFAMARIAM, Seltene Phylogenetic diversity and physiological roles of AKE MOUSSAN, Francine Désirée Breeding groundnut for drought tolerance and Prokaryotes in Lewis Glacier and its foreland on Etude des phytases produites par des levures early maturity Mount Kenya, Nyeri County isolées de sèves fermentées de palmiers : Production, caractérisation et applications TESFAY, Hafte MASANGA, Joel potentielles Plant diversity, carbon pools, selected soil prop- Unraveling host factors responsible for Post-at- erties and livelihood situation in the indigenous tachment resistance to Striga in the wild relative KOFFI, Kouadio Kan Sylvestre agroforestry systems of south-eastern rift valley of maize (Zea diploperennis) Etude du rôle écologique des coléoptères bou- landscapes, Ethiopia siers dans le devenir des graines disséminées MAWIA, Amos par le chimpanzé d’Afrique de l’ouest (Pan GHANA Development of semi dwarf basmati (bs) rice troglodytes verus) dans le Parc national de Taï ABUKARI, Haruna variety using marker assisted selection (Sud-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire) Attitudes of local communities towards protected areas: A comparative study of Mole National MILUGO, Trizah EGYPT Park in Ghana and Tarangire National Park in Evaluating malaria transmission-blocking po- IBRAHIM, Sally Tanzania tential of plant-derived metabolites Deciphering the regulatory mechanism of corpus luteum formation, maturation and re- BADU, Mercy MKARE, Thomas gression in Egyptian buffaloes Chemical characterization of underutilized A first look at effectiveness of marine protected drought-tolerant oil bearing seeds and nuts in areas towards conservation of endangered addressing food security challenges seahorses along the Kenyan coast

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 49 MUSILA, Ruth MALI PAUDEL, Mukti Participatory selection for enhancing adoption DIBO, Nouhoum Exploration of anticancer activity of Dendrobi- of improved rice varieties under rain fed low- Study of the genetic polymorphism of tsetse um longicornu by inducing cell cycle arrest and land ecology in the coast region of Kenya species the most encountered in Mali using regulating key protein molecules microsatellite markers NG’ONG’A, Florence SAPKOTA, Rekha Recombinant expression and Biochemical KANTE, Macire Fruit Fly species diversity and host plant prefer- characterization of tricorn interacting factor 3 An exploratory study of the use of ICTs to dis- ence within a community of the cucurbitaceous homologs in Trypanosoma brucei brucei seminate extension services towards farmers in vegetables in Nepal Mali: An ICT-based extension adoption model OSORO, Enock by public extension officers SHARMA PANDEY, Anusha Assessment of selected polybrominated diphe- Solute transport modeling of quaternary aqui- nyl ethers in Nairobi river drainage basin, Kenya TIMITEY, Aboubacar fer for quality management, Kathmandu valley and study on their photo catalytic degradation Procédé technologique et qualité fonctionnelle, nutritionnelle et organoleptique du couscous de SHARMA POUDEL, Anju OTIENO, Joseph niébé produit au Mali Functional plant traits of Ageratina adenophora Combined influence of livestock grazing and (Asteraceae) along environmental gradients rainfall on structure and function of the her- MONGOLIA and their response to simulated warming baceous vegetation of a moist savannah in the BAYASGALAN, Chimedtseren Lambwe valley Epidemiology of brucellosis in Bactrian camels SHRESTHA, Bijan in Eastern provinces of Mongolia – an important Effect of traditional storage conditions and SHADRACK, Njagi complementary study processing methods on Fumonisins content of Bioassay guided isolation of antiproliferative maize in Nepal compounds from Cassia abbreviata and Vitex TEMUUJIN, Uyangaa doniana Improvement of serodiagnosis for horse Glan- SHRESTHA, Joshna ders Hepatoprotective effect of extract of fruit of WANJAU, Cecilia Pyracantha crenulata (D. Don) M. Roem. Isolation, characterization and potential biocon- MOROCCO trol of plant-parasitic nematodes of finger millet NOUTFIA, Younes SHRESTHA, Rajani in Meru county, Kenya Processing et détermination de la qualité physi- Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of co-chimique et sensorielle d’un yaourt à base du Helicobacter pylori in different drinking water MADAGASCAR lait de chèvre et de dattes sources in Lalitpur, Nepal HANITRINIAINA MAMY, Razafimahatra- tra NEPAL NIGERIA L’agroécologie, un levier pour la réduction de la BHATTA, Rita ADEYEMI, Oluyomi pauvreté Assessing the occurrence of selected antibiot- Evaluation of imidazole-based ligands for activi- ics and their fate in the municipal and hospital ty against Trypanosoma brucei in vivo RAKOTOVAO, Narindra wastewater treatment system Les systèmes agroforestiers des Hautes Terres ADEYINKA, Olawale Centrales et de la Côte Est de Madagascar: BHATTARAI, Keshab Investigation of potential double-stranded Ri- analyse de performance économique et étude Isolation and characterization of antidiabetic bonucleic Acid (dsRNA) as alternative control du potentiel de séquestration de carbone compounds from ethno medicinally used Urtica measure for maize stem borers (Chilo partellus) dioica L. from Nepal in the developing countries RAMAHANDRISON, Andriamirado Tahina Impact des perturbations anthropiques de la BHATTARAI, Shiva AHMED, Jamila végétation terrestre et du milieu aquatique sur Feeding, fecundity and fertility potential of lady Proteomic characterization of insecticidal la diversité des coléoptères aquatiques (Hy- bird beetles (Seven spotted, transverse and toxins from Agelenopsis naevia (Aranaea: dradephaga) de Madagascar convergent ladybird beetles) on artificial and Agelenidae) venom on some selected insects natural diets in laboratory condition l RAZAFINDRAFARA, Mirantsoa Su- AGBELADE, Aladesanmi zanne CHAUDHARY, Ranjana Development of urban forestry web-based in- Mobilité de volaille en relation avec les pestes Detection, enumeration, isolation and char- formation system for managing and monitoring aviaires à Madagascar acterization of Staphylococcus aureus in local of urban climate change in Nigeria food produce “masular” MALAWI BANKOLE, Owolabi CHIPETA, Michael GIRI, Susma Solar-assisted photocatalytic reduction of Genetic characterisation and selection of Diversity of insects across elevations and organic pollutants in wastewater using Metal Bambara groundnuts for improved yield and seasons at Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Oxide-graphitic Carbon Nitride (MO/gCN) nutritional security in Malawi Nepal nanocomposites

MZUMARA-GAWA, Tiwonge MANANDHAR, Trishna ELELU, Nusirat Understanding habitat loss as a threat to Lilian’s Exploration of selected medicinal plants of Ne- Estimating the burden of Q-fever (Coxiella lovebirds and investigating their use of alterna- pal for anti-HMG CoA reductase, anti-oxidant burnetti) and risk factors of infection in cattle in tive cavities in the wild and anti-inflammatory activities Kwara State, north-central Nigeria

50 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 EZENYI, Ifeoma UDDIN, Reaz provided by Aleppo Pine forest in Tunisia: impli- Studies of selected Nigerian plants to isolate Deciphering natural products potential in cations for forest ecosystem management novel antiplasmodial compounds modulating Protein- Protein Interactions (PPI) among the infectious druggable genomes UGANDA KEKE, Unique ARINAITWE, Kenneth Exploring the spatial patterns of benthic macro- SENEGAL Spatial distribution of persistent organic pollut- invertebrates biodiversity in Nigerian streams DIOUF, Aissatou ants in surface sediment of the Ugandan part Effet du compostage ou de la méthanisation des of Lake Victoria; an insight into sources and ODOGWU, Blessing produits résiduaires organiques sur la biodispo- intra-lake mobility Marker assisted breeding for rapid cooking and nibilité des éléments traces métalliques good canning grain quality cowpea in Sun Saha- MASIKA, Fred Incidence and genetic variability of viruses ra AfricaOLADEJO, Ayobami FALL, Fatoumata infecting watermelon and pumpkins in Uganda Effet « plante nurse » de Sporobolus robustus OLADEJO, Ayobami Kunth pour la revégétalisation des terres salées OKELLA, Hedmon Effects of ultrasound pretreatment on the phys- par Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. et Vachellia Bio-preservation of food through novel anti- ico-chemical quality of yellow fleshed cassava seyal Del. dans le delta du Sine Saloum au Sé- microbial peptides from fish mucusBio-pres- chips during convective drying négal ervation of food through novel antimicrobial peptides from fish mucus ONIBOKUN, Adeola SUDAN Genetic modification ofVigna unguiculata (L.) MOHAMMEDSALIH, Khalid OPOLOT, Emmanuel Walp with bacterial phytate and oxalate degrad- Evaluation of albendazole, levamisole and Application of digital soil maps to guide soil and ing enzymes genes for eradication of micronu- ivermectin efficacy as well as resistance status land management planning in Uganda: the case trient deficiencies in developing countries against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle, of Eastern Uganda sheep and goats in South Darfur State, Sudan OWOEYE, Fisayo VIETNAM Activity-guided fractionation and isolation of SRI LANKA BINH, Nguyen Thanh anti-diabetic principles of Dioscoreophyllum WITHARANA, Chamindri A pre-feasibility study on composting of animal cumminsii and Anisopus mannii leaves and their Determination of changes of proteins in sig- waste using the aerated compost system and its effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic naling pathways of anticancer activity with the utilization as a soil fertilizer in Ho Chi Minh City, rats effect of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Vietnam fruit extracts YILANGAI, Rahila DANG, Nhan Feedbacks of land use-water interactions in TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF Scalable preparation and bioactive utilization protected and multi use gallery forest ARON, Yusuph of functional nanocollagen water-resistant Are fish fillet packages honest? Insights from membranes and nitrogen-rich gels from catfish skin discarded from industrial food processing PAKISTAN DNA barcodes of Nile perch and Nile tilapia in Vietnam AHSAN, Aitezaz sold in Tanzanian supermarkets Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of DAU, Pham Salmonella in slaughtered animals in Pakistan KAAYA, Lulu Tunu Sources and distribution of microplastics in Transgenerational effects of thermal extremes and bisphenol A (BPA) on fish using the zebraf- AKRAM, Nadia sediments, water and fishes of Lake Victoria and its main tributaries ish as the model species Synthesis of polyurethanes nanocomposites for waste water purification of textile industry TOGO DINH, Nguyen AGBODAN, Kodjovi Mawuégnigan Léonard, Using molecular methods to identify the host AKHTAR, Nasrin Savoirs locaux et phytoindicateurs dans l’éva- plants of leaf beetles in tropical forests Process development for biodesulfurization of luation de l’état de dégradation des sols dans la crude oil zone guinéenne du Togo DINH, Quang Habitat and resource conservation of Perioph- GUL, Alia TOUNDOU, Outéndé thalmodon genus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam Bioguided phytochemical screening and nutri- Amélioration de la production maraîchère tional asessment of selected ferns from district au sud-Togo par un compost type de déchets HOANG ANH, Hoang Mansehra enrichi en nutriments: approches agro-systé- Development of phage-based product for treat- miques et socio-économiques ment of bacterial pathogens in striped catfish in SATTAR, Sadia the Mekong Delta – Vietnam To test the therapeutic potential of lytic bacte- TUNISIA riophages for cure of multiple drug resistant IBIDHI, Ridha LE, Huong pathogenic E. coli strains of poultry origin as an Water, carbon and land footprints assessment Water decontamination and disinfection by greenly synthesized graphene oxide/Fe3O4/ alternative to antibiotics of meat and dairy products produced in Tunisia under different farming systems Ag nano systems SHAH, Syed Zakir Hussain LOUHICHI, Ghofrane LE, Minh Hoang Dietary zinc requirements of Cirrhinus mrigala Heat wave impacts on the seed production of fingerlings Treatment of vegetable oil refinery wastewater by combination of biological process to mem- Waigieu seaperch (Psammoperca waigiensis) brane technology for safe and sustainable reuse SIDDIQUI, Hina MAI, Huynh Cang Synthesis of Novel Tyramine Analogues as Po- TAGHOUTI, Ibtissem Optimisation of conditions for lycopene separa- tent Inhibitors of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Public preferences for products and services tion from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.) Escherichia coli by-products of Mekong Delta River region in

IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 51 Vietnam using ultrafiltration technique com- VU, Hang bined with enzymatic pre-treatment Differential expression of VirDREB2A gene in two local mungbean varieties at different NGUYEN, Anh growth stages under normal and drought con- Gastrointestinal parasite infections and dition self-medication of the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) in Ha Giang ZAMBIA Province, Vietnam KASOMA, Chapwa Breeding maize for resistance to the fall army NGUYEN, Duc Huy worm and improved farmer-preferred traits Production of recombinant laccase and application on synthesis dyes degradation ZIMBABWE CHIMWETA, Moreblessing NGUYEN, Huy Thuan Optimising maize yield under flood-recession Establishment of co-culture system for produc- cropping in the Zambezi Valley in northern tion of curcumin glycosides in Eschechia coli Zimbabwe

NGUYEN, Thanh MANZEKE, Muneta Grace Determinants of adoption of sustainable land Testing integrated biofortification as an management practices among smallholder approach to harvest more grain zinc under farmer groups in uplands of Vietnam: a case contrasting legume-cereal cropping systems in study in Central Vietnam Zimbabwe

NGUYEN, Thi Thu Tram NGWENYAMA, Patrick Natural products from Vietnamese lichens as A predictive model for postharvest nutrient potential anticancer agents and economic losses of maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) NGUYEN, Thuy Grazing or herbaceous diversity: on the search for sustainable management of an Asian savanna

NGUYEN, Quyen Development of systems for cultivation, propa- gation and biomass and flavonoids production of medicinal Drynaria fern species

TA, Tam The role of border markets in improving local ethnic minorities’ livelihood in the Vietnam-Chi- na borderlands

TRAN, Hoai Determination fatty acid and vicine content in bitter melon (Momordica charantia) seed for oil production rich in α -eleostearic acid (C18:39c11t13t)

TRAN THI BICH, Ngoc Effect of supplementation of probiotics and organic acids in pig diet on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and fecal gas emission

TRAN, Thi Thu Hang Histamine degrading bacteria: from isolation to application as starter culture in reducing histamine content of Vietnamese fish sauce

TUOI, Le Study on ascospore breeding of Cordyceps militaris for mass production

QUAN, Nguyen Effect of different levels of cassava root by-product in practical diets for growing pigs on animal performance, nitrogen balance and ammonia emission from slurry

52 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 53 54 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 *** 55 SUPPORTING YOUNG RESEARCHERS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES The International Foundation for Science (IFS) supports scientific capability building in developing countries. It gives research grants and supporting services to young scientists at the beginning of their research careers. IFS was established as a non-governmental organisation in 1972, is funded by the academic, development and private sectors and has provided more than 8000 grants to researchers in 105 countries.

Karlavägen 108, 8th floor, SE-115 26 Stockholm, Sweden 56 *** IFS ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Phone: +46 (0)8 545 818 00 | Email: [email protected] | www.ifs.se