NAHA's Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3

The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy Aromatherapy Journal In this Issue: ● Beyond Aromatics Conference Review ● Attentive and Calm ● A Year with Morphology: Wood ● Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ● Tocopherol, Carotene, Phenolic Contents and Antibacterial Properties of Rose Essential Oil, Hydrosol and Absolute and Much More!

Aromatherapy E-Journal Autumn 2014.3

Aromatherapy Journal A Quarterly Publication of NAHA Table of Contents Autumn 2014.3 AJ555 Editors Note...... 3

The National Association for Holistic Beyond Aromatics Conference Review...... Aromatherapy, Inc. (NAHA) A non-profit educational organization Boulder, CO 80309 Beauty and Self Care Wood Morphology...... 14 Adminstrative Offices: by Katie Vie PO BOX 27871 Raleigh, NC 27611-7871 Materia Medica Tocopherol, Carotene, Phenolic Contents and Antibacterial Office Phone: (919) 894-0298 Properties of Rose Essential Oil, Hydrosol and Absolute Fax: (919) 894-0271 by Seyhan Ulusoy, Gulgun Bosgelmez-Tinaz, and Hale Email: [email protected] Secilmis-Canbay...... 21 Website: www.NAHA.org

Chief Editor: Men and the Road to Aging Gracefully and Healthy ...... 28 Haly JensenHof by Maria Tabone

Co-Editors: Sharon Falsetto & Roots of Herbalism Kelly Holland Azzaro Attentive and Calm ...... 42 by Juliet Blankespoor

Cover Art: Autumn Immunity: Five Unique Essential Oils for Autumn NAHA Image Database: Andrea Butje Rose petals by Dorene Petersen...... 50

Article Submissions Roll-on Relief with Aromatherapy...... 58 Please send article by Kelly Holland Azzaro proposals to: Haly JensenHof NAHA Community Interview with An Aromatherapist...... 64 Advertising by Sharon Falsetto For advertising information please email: [email protected] Feature Articles The opinions expressed by the authors are their own and do not necessarily Polycystic Ovary Syndrome...... 32 reflect the views of the editor or of by Jean Bokelmann, M.D. and Annette Davis, C.N NAHA. NAHA and the editors do not accept responsiblity for the use or misuse of essential oils mentioned in Menopause...... 54 these articles. The Aromatherapy Journal by Colleen Harte reserves the right to accept or reject any advertisement or article submitted and does not necessarily endorse products advertised in this journal. NAHA Market Place ...... 67

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 3 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 Editor’s Note Autumn Transitions. It seems I notice the transition from summer to autumn much more than I do any other seasonal change. I think it is because, in Wyoming, the transition from summer to autumn is a long, beautiful, colorful, stimulating, busy time of year. The days remain quite hot, with temperatures in the upper 80’s and low 90’s, the evenings and nights are cool, if not cold, with temperatures dipping to the low 50’s. The skies are a vibrant azure with islands of billowy white clouds. It rarely rains, and if it does rain the sun is usually shinning. The weather can stay like this well into October. It’s magical! Observing the trees, grasses, herbs and flowers make their transition from summer splendor to autumn harvest is amazing. Everything changes color: trees begin showing off their blazing reds, yellows, oranges, and browns; flowers are bursting with the last vestige of color before fading; and the grasses slowly begin to fade from seas of green to waves of golden yellow.

It is a time to gather and harvest. I am blissfully busy harvesting herbs, flower seeds, vegetables, and the last wild berries of the season. There is an energy to gathering foodstuff, but it is a calm, soothing, comforting energy. Everything; plant, animal and human is beginning to slow down, to make the transition from the hot days of summer to the lazy days of autumn and to prepare for the long quiet time of winter.

Autumn marks life-cycle transitions. Young children are leaving their parents to embark on the adventures of being in school; young men and women leave home to attend college; middle-aged people begin to notice changes in their physiology. This issue of The Aromatherapy Journal includes an article by Colleen Harte addressing a woman’s transition into menopause and how essential oils can assist a woman through this stage of life. Maria Tabone’s article, Men and the Road to Aging Gracefully and Healthy, is an article all men would benefit from reading because it thoroughly covers health issues men face when they reach middle-age.

Let’s not forget the aromas of autumn! The warm smell of freshly picked apples, the earthy aroma of squash and gourds, and all of the amazing odors of harvested herbs provide an olfactory experience that is quite pleasurable. Dorene Petersen has written an article about the wonderful essential oils that not only remind us of autumn, but also provide us with immune system support.

We are looking for articles! If you are an aromatherapy student, or teacher of aromatherapy students, please submit your papers for publication in The Aromatherapy Journal.

We hope you enjoy this autumn issue of the NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal.

- Haly JensenHof, MA, RA

I’m going to attempt to encapsulate the 7th All the presenters and some of the volunteers International Conference of the National Association were housed in the uber green student village on for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA), titled Beyond the edge of a forest. Each morning I would rise Aromatics. The soiree was held on the glorious early and take a leisurely walk through the vast campus of Bastyr University in Seattle, Washington garden on my way to the communal breakfast in from September 12th-14th, 2014. the cafeteria.

The congregation in Seattle felt very heartfelt and intimate with a range of speakers and attendees Appropriately coined “the Harvard of natural from distillers, health practitioners, educators to medicine” by author Gabriel Mojay, the University is many friends including Miss Sunshine, Heidi Nielsen located within a tranquil forest park near Seattle. The pictured below. site, with its gorgeous organic herb and vegetable garden, was the perfect setting for a gathering of devotees of nature and wholistic healing.

Presentations began Friday morning with an insightful view of the global landscape of Aromatherapy delivered by Dr. Kurt Schnaubelt, who had us all chuckling as he retold the creation story from the perspective of aromatic molecules.

David Crow, my first teacher of aromatics, enchanted us with a dialogue on Cosmic Chemistry challenging us to a collective awakening with an intention of creating a sustainable spiritual culture. In the presentation he included footage of growers and distillers of Helichrysum italicum that he has been working with in Corsica. Although the region is known for abundant amounts of the golden flowering shrub the plant is suffering due to ecological factors. David shared how even the smallest shifts in a culture can have dramatic affects on the plants. For example, helichrysum is happiest when it has lots of space and is alone. If the sheep are present, they will eat all the shrubs and weeds that grow around helichrysum, giving her plenty of room to branch out while remaining in solitude. However, the goat and sheep herders of Corsica have now taken on work as tour guides rather than herding, thus the plants that used to be cleared by the animals now infringe on the helichrysum, impeding her abundant growth.

On Saturday afternoon I presented The Tree of Life: A On Sunday, the last day of the conference, I was Mystical Approach to the Art of Botanical Perfumery, able to catch two morning presentations. The first a rather esoteric impression on art, alchemy was Staying Healthy through the Seasons with and perfume, offering an alternate perspective Aromatherapy and Ayurvedic Principals with Jade on learning. I began with the history of botanical Shutes. The interactive workshop began with an perfume, going all the way back to the 1st scent introduction to the Five Element Theory of Ayurveda molecules produced by the conifers, progressing followed by a four page questionnaire to ascertain to todays modern botanical perfumers which hold our particular dosha. Most of us were a combination the seeds of aromatherapy, art, herbalism and of two, such as Vata/Pitta. Of all the wonderous alchemy. The tree, with its abundant use in spiritual information gathered throughout the conference, and philosophical doctrines, became the anchor this workshop was the most practical for me, and emblem, as I took the audience on a Delphic journey. I continue to apply these new insights about the The piece was somewhat theatrical in its delivery current season, myself and beneficial practices with a moving feast of imagery orchestrated by my daily. husband, Greg. Following the lecture, I shared my process on how to create a botanical perfume using the systems highlighted in the slide show.

Next was one of my personal favorite authors in the field of Aromatherapy, Gabriel Mojay with Aromasophia: The Symbolic Meanings and Traditional Medicinal Uses of Key Aromatic Plants; The Aromatherapeutic Value of Such Study. “The audience was delighted, almost Gabriel took us on a very in depth overview of stunned, by the beauty and power of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and Rose (Rosa Roxana’s presentation.” damascena), from the arcane to the scientific, with gorgeous imagery to accompany his voice. ~ Gabriel Mojay

Each attendee of the conference was given a organic hemp shopping bag containing a variety of goodies including essential oils, hydrosols and a plethora of wonderful bath and body products.

The Beyond Aromatics conference was such a powerful yet sweet event compromised of healers and those working directly with plants. I feel so extremely grateful to have been part of this There was a total of fourteen lectures and six community and the opportunity to share what I have workshops during the three days, along with gleaned as an artist and promoter of nature. It was an exhibitor area and a lot of opportunities for also a thrill to be amongst my peers and authors I’ve conversation. On Monday, following the conference, admired since 1996, such as Valerie Cooksley and Cathy Skipper from France led a post conference Gabriel Mojay. Greg and I also enjoyed spending workshop titled Looking at the ways essential oil’s time with NAHA Director, Cherisse Gigli! different layers of action help to heal the ‘whole’ person. During part of the class, Cathy gathered the students in the evergreen forest that lines the campus of Bastyr.

- Roxana Villa

Ann Barker Harman, a certified organic farmer, Dr Jean Marie Bokelmann MD, Director botanist, medical herbalist and distiller, and the Endobiogenic Integrative Medical Center founder of Circle H Institute, presents Healing (EIMC) in Pocatello, Idaho, presents Women’s Waters; Chemistry & Practice of Hydrosols. Health Conundrums: PMS & Menopause, and Fibromyalgia.

Dr Florian Birkmayer MD, psychiatrist and Jennifer Pressimone, holistic aromatherapist, founder of the Birkmayer Institute in Albuquerque, herbalist, educator, NAHA Public Relations New Mexico, presents Essential Oils for Post- Director, and author from Claremont, Florida Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Series and presents a workshop entitled Aromatherapy Review of the Science. Spiritual PhytoEssencing.

Cynthia Brownley and Joy Musacchio, co- Lora Carbo Cantele, clinical aromatherapist, Swiss founders of Stillpoint Aromatic Studies, School of Reflex therapist, author and Editor of the International Essential Oils and Energetics in Sedona, Arizona Journal of Professional Holistic Aromatherapy, present The Chemistry, Therapeutics and Energetics Boulder, Colorado, presents Enhanced Care for of Some Misunderstood Essential Oils. Developmentally Disabled Children.

, pioneer in integrating Indian and Melanie Sachs Cathy Skipper, medical herbalist and clinical Tibetan Ayurvedic bodywork techniques in the spa aromatherapist, instructor at Ecole Lyonnaise industry, from San Luis Obispo, California, presents de Plantes Médicinales, France and principal Ayurveda for Health: In Practice and Self Care, with coordinator for the international herbal network, the help of Dr Florian Birkmayer. Herbalistes sans Frontières, presents Essential Oils and Infectious Diseases.

Shanti Dechen, clinical health practitioner, Valerie Cooksely (with Roxana Villa), Holistic certified massage therapist and director of Aroma aromatherapist and nurse, director of the Institute Apothecary Healing Arts Academy in Crestone, of Integrative Aromatherapy presents Aroma- Colorado presents a workshop entitled Five Element Balneotherapeutics: Aromatic Medicinal Bath Aromatherapy. Therapies.

Andrea Butje, founder of the Aromahead Institute, NAHA’s Beyond Aromatics Conference was a huge School of Essential Oil Studies presents a workshop success filled with community, education, and entitled How to Design and Present An Engaging passion. NAHA thanks our sponsors, attendees, 3-hour Talk On Aromatherapy. volunteers, and exhibitors who made this conference such a beautiful experience for all!

To order the World of Aromatherapy Conference Proceedings, click here!

To order audio and/or visual recordings of conference presentations, please visit: BackCountry Recording.

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Wood Morphology: Using Plant-Based Origins to Inspire Aromatic Blending

by Katie Vie

Katie Vie shares her passion for designing and creating aromatic products based upon the Morphology Blending Technique.

In the spring edition of NAHA’s Aromatherapy direction. We direct our focus downward and inward, Journal, I introduced the theme of Morphology: an getting ready to rest, heal, and regenerate during approach to blending based upon the part of a plant the dark, dreamy stillness of winter. Trees always from which the aromatic substance is extracted, represent this energy perfectly for me. The trunks and the meaning prescribed to that plant part. I look like funnels, directing energy gained from the discussed seeds in the spring edition, and then leaves back down through the wood, or trunk, to be I covered flowers in the summer edition. For the stored as nourishment in the roots. autumn edition, I am discussing woods. Autumn is a natural time to assess which areas in I, for one, have been very inspired to incorporate your life need to rest and regenerate. Let’s say your these “plant parts” into my self-care regimen and life is a forest; there are deciduous trees sending professional concoctions, using the energy of the their energy downward for the winter and conifers season combined with the morphology to boost the keeping their green needles alive with a constant, blends. upward flow of essential oil. Look at your life; your

Last year I focused a lot on the energy of the seasons in my Seasonal Self Care series. Following the cycle of the year, it never ends. I mean, it’s a cycle. To ride the cycle of the year like a carousel is a reverent, efficient way of being. Sure, we are all working and creating and resting and dreaming in micro-rhythms throughout the year. But it is a beautiful thing to connect with the main rhythm; the energy and flow of nature itself.

I think of spring and autumn as seasons of transition, whereas summer and winter seem like seasons of immersion. In springtime, our energy is moving up and out, getting ready to grow, proliferate, express and bloom during the bright, warm months of summer. In autumn, we are moving in the exact opposite

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 14 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Wood Morphology continued - projects, your relationships, your vacations and The mature trees have been “used up,” and there travel, your home, your dreams. Which of these was no foresight to stagger plantings so that each need a break? Which of these do not? Let the wood generation of aromatherapists could have access essential oils help you determine this and see it to these essential oils. Trees take a long time to through. mature, and so we have to wait. I’m saving my pennies so that when I’m an old woman I can buy Let’s define our perimeters in regard to wood rosewood essential oil again. I included agar wood, essential oils. We are not talking about trees, in rosewood and sandalwood in this list to honor them general. A tree produces essential oils from many as wood oils. I do not condone using them until it of its parts. We can find resins; leaves and needles; is safe for their species. It appears that there are flowers and fruits; and wood from trees. For currently other species of Santalum on the market example, essential oils like spruce (Picea mariana), that are not threatened, but I have not used them fir (Abies alba) and petitgrain (Citrus aurantium var. yet and cannot speak of them. bigaradia) are obtained from needles and leaves. All of the citrus essential oils are obtained from a The function of the tree’s trunk can provide us with tree’s fruit. We also have essential oils like neroli some of the morphological significance. The trunk is (Citrus aurantium var. amara) that is obtained from like a highway. In the spring, the energy is moving a tree’s flower. In this edition, I will specifically cover upward; nutrients and water move up, focusing the essential oils distilled from the wood, or the trunk, tree’s energy on leaf and flower production to ensure of a tree. that the tree grows, breathes and reproduces. In the autumn, when the light begins to diminish, the tree Let’s look at some aromatics that are wood based, sends its vital energy down into its roots where it meaning that the essential oil is found exclusively will remain throughout the cold of winter. Conifers, within the wood of the plant: however, maintain a hearty flow of essential oil through their needles. A tree’s trunk is a place of ◦ Agarwood/Oud (Aquillaria agollocha) movement and flow. While we may perceive a tree trunk as still or quiet, it is not. ◦ Atlas cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica) ◦ Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) “But though to the outer ear these trees are now ◦ Ho wood (Cinnamomum camphora) silent, their songs never cease. Every hidden cell is throbbing with music and life, every fiber thrilling ◦ Palo santo (Bursera graveolens) like harp strings, while incense is ever flowing from ◦ Rosewood (Aniba roseodora)* the balsam bells and leaves.”- John Muir. ◦ Sandalwood (Santalum album* or S. species) There is nothing that suggests stature quite like the It is worth noting that many of the essential oils trunk of a tree. I have spent a lot of my life in forests: listed above are expensive and nearly impossible old growth poplar groves in North Carolina; arid and to find. Here’s why: to harvest the essential oil sweet pine barrens in the low country; the majestic from the wood of a tree means that the tree is, redwoods and sequoias of California; pinion pines “destructively harvested.” The tree is killed in order in New Mexico; and the deep, dark woods of to obtain the essential oil. In cases like rosewood, Maine. I have seen tree trunks shoot straight out this species has been so over-harvested that the of the ground and rise hundreds of feet into the air. Brazilian government is currently not releasing any I have also seen them twisted around and around rosewood essential oil to the market. Sandalwood from relentless winds, adorned with giant burls, is also in a state of over-harvest. This does not spliced with barbed wire and sprawling over rocky mean that these species are extinct, rather that outcroppings. In each of these scenarios, the trunk they are considered “threatened” or “endangered.” suggests perseverance, flexibility, grace under

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 15 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Wood Morphology continued - pressure, and resilience. It will go through great Let’s look at a young man. He is in his late 20’s (and lengths so that top and bottom will thrive. going through his Saturn return, for the Astrologers reading). He is quite creative and tends to have The trunk of a tree is its center, its connection a lot of ideas, and yet has not had any particular between top and bottom, heaven and earth. Trees success carrying them out. He can be “spacey” and are at once grounded and soaring. They are forgetful. He has a strong desire to make something intimate with depth and height equally. It is the wood of himself, and yet is not interested in just going and that provides this simultaneous experience, like a “getting a job.” He wants to see his ideas manifest, translator or a courier. and eventually support him. This young man is always on the go, working several jobs and living in With this morphological information in mind, some more than one place. He is always moving, like the indications for using wood essential oils would be: branches and leaves of a tree in the wind.

◦ A lack of connection between the “brain and So, you might read this and think, “This dude is body.” ungrounded. He needs a ‘root oil’.” I agree, but ◦ A desire to be more centered. he has to get to his roots before he can support or ◦ Help focusing energy toward rest vs. production. nourish them. Wood essential oils will help escort ◦ For stability. his vibrant, prolific ideas from the canopy down to ◦ Improved core strength. his roots, then he can begin to physically manifest. ◦ Structure – like bones. While a birth metaphor is not totally applicable to ◦ Movement of energy. a guy, I believe in terms of energy, it’s spot on. ◦ Conductivity/ conduit. We begin, generally, with conception. If we look at the Chakras, this can begin all the way up in our Now for a couple of case studies. “crown,” where we dream up ideas and think up

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 16 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Wood Morphology continued - grand schemes. The idea then moves downward fruit (as in the “fruit of one’s labor”). I would like to through each of the Chakras, developing and gaining blend a massage oil for him that can double as an strength, until finally it “births” or manifests through anointing oil. the root Chakra; and then you have a business, or a book, or a farm. Men and women both experience Into a 1 oz. glass amber bottle blend the following this. Our bodies are our trunks, and we move energy essential oils: up and down them just as a tree does. 7 drops Atlas cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica) OK, now take someone who is in the opposite 1 drop Angelica root CO2 (Angelica archangelica) situation. I’ve just finished reading The Artist’s 1 drop Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) Way by Julia Cameron, so let’s look at a “blocked 6 drops Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) creative;” someone who is stuck in a rut, can’t see the forest for the trees, and is hiding from their own To this add enough of your favorite organic carrier creative self. Another way to say it is that they are oil(s) to fill up the bottle. settled, still, void of movement; like someone sitting in their idling car waiting for a train to pass, except I would recommend that he applies a teaspoon of the train never passes because it’s Life, and it just the blend to his feet twice daily, and anoint the very keeps going. This person needs to be escorted up top of his head with just a drop twice a day. and out. They need the sun and the movement of the canopy. They need photosynthesis, they need For the lady who is stuck in a rut, I am going to blend to drink up some sunlight and turn it into energy. a spritzer. I’m choosing a spritzer because the action of misting your face is invigorating and enlivening. So rather than just giving her essential oils from In addition, spritzing doubles as a topical application needles, leaves, fruits, or flowers, let’s also help her and as an olfactory application, directly stimulating up the trunk. the brain. I want to help her “up her trunk” and into the creative spaces of her heart and head. I want I really love to work with Atlas cedarwood (Cedrus to help her get moving. Again, I am using Atlas atlantica) essential oil. It is easily available and cedarwood as the core oil for this blend, and to this affordable. While this species has endured over- I am adding a seed oil for, “new beginnings,” a fruit harvest in some areas in Northern Africa, it is still for the protection its peel offers as it develops, and prolific in Morocco. It has a delightful aroma that my favorite essential oil, clary sage (Salvia sclarea), blends easily with other essential oils. for its ability to help us tap into our dreams, bring euphoric happiness, and relax in stressful situations. In past articles I have woven morphology in with aromatherapy actions, indications and To a 2 oz. amber glass spritzer bottle add the contraindications. Now let’s design some blends following essential oils: based on morphology alone. 10 drops Atlas cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica) For the young man with his head in the canopy, I 3 drops Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) am going to use Atlas cedarwood as my primary 6 drops Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) essential oil. My goal is to help this guy get “down 3 drops Clary sage (Salvia sclarea) his trunk” so he can access the energy of his roots, Fill the remainder of the bottle with distilled water. and have a prayer of physically manifesting his ideas and supporting himself. He needs wood to I would recommend that she mists her face and hair translate his heavenly ideas into earthly delights. I at least once a day, and to keep the blend on hand am going to use essential oils that are root based, for moments when she feels particularly stuck or and also one essential oil that is from the peel of a creatively immobilized.

So, now we have two examples of wood blends — About Katie Vie one that encourages downward, grounding energy Katie Vie has been immersed in the fragrant and another that encourages upward, growth- world of aromatherapy for nearly half of her oriented energy. Both cases require movement life. Katie’s work is a marriage of therapy and and communication between top and bottom. I beauty; a delight for the senses. She lives used the same core essential oil to achieve this, in the mountains of Western North Carolina and supplemented it with either root, seed or fruit with her dogs and a Pirate. Currently, Katie essential oils depending upon the desired result. designs and blends a body care line called river island apothecary. She offers aromatherapy I wish you all a beautiful autumn. May you certification classes as an instructor with The East-West School of Herbal and Aromatic embrace the growing darkness; may your aromatic Studies. This autumn Katie will be moving into concoctions bring you nourishment and peace. her newly built apothecary in Asheville, NC where she will debut her Sacredness of Self *Editor’s note: Rosewood (Aniba roseodora) program; a journey for women into the world and Sandalwood (Santalum album) are on the of Archetypes using her signature anointing threatened and endangered list. Until these trees oil collection. Please visit her website to learn are no longer in danger, NAHA does not recommend more: www.katievie.com their use; however, other essential oils can be used in their place. Ho wood (Cinnamomum camphora ct. linalol) is an excellent essential oil to use in place of rosewood. In place of Santalum album we recommend Santalum spicatum or Santalum austrocaledonicum, which are two species of sandalwood with similar properties as Santalum album.

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 18 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 © Copyright 2014 NAHA 19 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 © Copyright 2014 NAHA 20 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 Tocopherol, Carotene, Phenolic Contents and Antibacterial Properties of Rose Essential Oil, Hydrosol and Absolute by Seyhan Ulusoy, Gulgun Bosgelmez-Tinaz, and Hale Secilmis-Canbay

This article has been reprinted with kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media: from Current Microbiology, (2009) 59:554–558.

Abstract The antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and total phenolic contents of Rosa damascena Mill. flower extracts (absolute, essential oil and hydrosol) were investigated. The chemical compositions of these extracts were analysed by GC-MS. Phenylethyl alcohol (78.38%) was found to be the main constituent of rose absolute, while citronellol and geraniol were the major compounds ([55%) of rose essential oil and hydrosol. Tocopherol and carotene levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The levels of beta carotene (422.3±35.6 ppm), alpha tocopherol (2397.1±72.5 ppm) and gamma tocopherol (343.1±28.4 ppm) of rose absolute were found to be higher than that of essential oil and hydrosol. Their total phenolic contents were also evaluated. The total phenolic content of the tested extracts varied from 5.2 to 2134.3 GAE/mg L-1. Rose absolute and essential oil contained high levels of phenolics and demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 12472) and Erwinia carotovora (ATCC 39048) strains.

Introduction In recent years, numerous studies have been also Rosa damascena Mill., commonly known as Damask published on the antioxidant, antibacterial activities rose, is a member of the Rosaceae family with pink and chemical composition of rose essential oil [9– flowers and a perennial shrub indigenous to Europe 13]. However, to our knowledge, no report on the and Middle East countries, Iran and Turkey [1]. It is antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and total commercially cultivated for its essential oil. Besides phenolic contents of Rosa damascena Mill. hydrosol rose essential oil, hydrosol and absolute are the and absolute is available to date. abundant materials that can be obtained from R. damascena Mill. [2]. Rose essential oil is widely Rose essential oil has a high market value because used in perfumery and cosmetic industry. In addition of its use in perfumery and cosmetic industry. In to its perfuming effects, it was reported to posses a comparison with rose oil, hydrosol and absolute wide range of biochemical activities, such are less expensive. Therefore, the purpose of the as analgesic, hypnotic, antispasmodic, anti- present study was to investigate and compare inflammatory and anticonvulsant [3–5]. Rose tocopherol, carotene, phenolic contents and extracts have some other benefits such as cooling, antibacterial properties of rose essential oil, hydrosol soothing, astringent and anti-inflammatory functions and absolute which are used as raw materials in which allow them to be used in medicine, food and various cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. cosmetic industries [6–8].

Experimental Antibacterial Assay Antibacterial activities of rose essential oil, rose Rose Extracts absolute and hydrosol were screened by well- Rose essential oil, absolute and hydrosol (obtained diffusion assays in five different concentrations. The from Sebat Ltd., Isparta commercial producers of microorganisms were grown overnight at 37C in 10 rose oils and aromatic substances) were used in the ml of Luria Broth (10 g/l tryptone, 5 g/l yeast extract, present study. 5 g/l NaCl). Turbidity of the cultures were adjusted to McFarland no 0.5 standard with sterile saline Bacterial Strains solution. Five millilitre of molten LB agar (0.7% w/v) Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, were inoculated with 1 ml of culture strain and representing a wide group of pathogenes, were used immediately poured over the prewarmed plates. Up to test the antibacterial properties of rose extracts. to 75 ll of the products (rose essential oils, absolute Microorganisms were obtained from the Department and hydrosol) were pipetted into the punched-wells of Biology, Su¨leyman Demirel University, Isparta, in the solidified agar. The plates were incubated Tu¨rkiye. Three strains of Gram-negative bacteria; for 24–48 h at 37C. Antibacterial activity was Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 12472), determined by the diameter of inhibition zones (mm) Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas around the wells. Hexane was used as a negative aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and two strains of Gram- control and gentamicin (200 lg/ml) was used as a positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and positive control. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and a plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora (ATCC 39048) were The rose essential oil and absolute were sterilised used. by filtration through a 0.45-lm membrane filter. All petri dishes were sealed with sterile laboratory Bacterial cultures were stored on appropriate agar parafilm to avoid the evaporation of test samples. slants at 4C during whole study and used as stock The plates were left at room temperature for 30 min, cultures. and then they were incubated at 37C for 24 h. After

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 22 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Rose damascena continued - incubation, the zone of inhibition was determined 330 nm) for tocopherols. The Luna Silica (250*4.6 with a calliper. Studies were performed in triplicate. mm) 5 l (Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA) column was used. The mobile phase was consisted of heptane/ MIC Assay THF (95/5) (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and the Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were injection volume was 10 ll. For carotene analysis, determined by broth dilution assay [14]. The assay detection and quantification were carried out with was performed 0.5% (v/v) Tween-80 (Sigma) Shimadzu SCL-10Avp System controller (Kyoto, Japan), LC-10ADvp pump, CTO-10ACvp column incorporation into broth to enhance oil solubility. oven and SPD-M10Avp (Diode Array Detector A series of each rose products diluted for twice, (450 nm) for beta carotene. The YMC-Pack ODS- ranging from 4 to 0.03% (v/v), was prepared in Luria AM (250*4.6 mm, 5 lm) column was used. The Bertani broth. Inoculated tubes were incubated at mobile phase was consisted of Methanol/ACN/THF 37C for 24–48 h and the MIC was determined. (73/20/7), (v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and the injection volume was 20 ll. Data were integrated Experiments were carried out in triplicate. The MICs and analyzed using the Shimadzu Class-VP were determined as the lowest concentration of oil Chromatography Laboratory Automated Software inhibiting visible growth of each organism in the test system. Tocopherol isomers (Sigma Chemical tubes. Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) were dissolved in mobile phase and used for identification and quantification Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC– of peaks. The amount of tocopherols and carotene MS) in the rose essential oil, absolute and hydrosol were The rose oil, hydrosol and rose absolute were calculated as ppm using external calibration curves. analysed by Shimadzu GC-MS QP 5050 (Kyoto, Japan) gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer Determination of Total Phenolics system. Separations were carried out by a CP WAX Total phenolic contents of the extracts were 52 CB capillary column (50 m 9 0.32 mm ID, df :1.2 determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method [16]. Gallic acid lm) purchased from Varian. Helium (99.999%), was (GA) was used to construct standard curve (0–70 used as carrier gas at a constant head pressure of mg/l). The results are expressed as milligrams of 10 p.s.i (1 p.s.i = 6894.76 Pa). Injection volume was gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per litre of samples 1 ll. The GC oven was programmed as follows: the and calculated as mean value ± SD (n = 3). initial column temperature was 60C, the column was heated to 220C at a rate of 2C min-1 and held at Results and Discussion 220C for 20 min. The GC–MS interface and injector were kept at 250 and 240C, respectively. The mass GC–MS Analysis of Rose Products spectrometer was run in the electron impact mode Among the 15 constituents identified by GC–MS at 70 eV. analysis of rose essential oil, citrenellol was found to be the major compound (35.23%) and followed HPLC Determination of Tocopherol Isomers and by geraniol (22.19%), nonadecane (13.85%) and Beta Carotene nerol (10.26%). Trace amounts of other chemical In the tocopherol analysis, the HPLC method of compounds were also identified. These results are Lampi et al. [15] was modified. Tocopherols (a-, in agreement with the previous studies [9, 12, 17– b-, c- and d-tocopherol) were evaluated by HPLC 19]. Recently, Gochev et al. [13] reported citrenellol, with direct injection of samples in a mixture of geraniol and nonadecane as the major constituents heptane:tetrahydrofuran (THF) (95:5) solution. in the Turkish, Bulgarian and Chinese rose oil. Detection and quantification were carried out with a Shimadzu LC-20AT prominence System GC–MS analyses of rose absolute showed that controller (Kyoto, Japan), SIL-20AC prominence phenyl ethylalcohol (78.38%), citrenellol (9.91%), Autosampler, LC-20AT prominence pump and RF- nonadecane (4.35%) and geraniol (3.71%) were the 10AXL Fluorescence Detector (Ex 295 nm, Em major compounds.

In a similar study, the chemical composition of rose Table 1 GC–MS analysis of rose extracts % major absolute was determined as phenyl ethylalcohol components and their retention times (72.73– 73.80%), citrenellol (10.62–11.26%), nerol Compound rt Rose oil Rose Rose (2.42–2.47%) and geraniol (5.58–5.65%) [20]. (%) Absolute Hydrosol Finally, hydrosol was found to be consisting of four (%) (%) constituents; geraniol was the major compound alpha pinene 7.2 0.80 * * (30.74%) followed by citrenellol (29.44%), phenyl linalool 35 0.53 * * ethylalcohol (23.74%) and nerol (16.12%). To Citronellol acetate 42.3 0.70 * * our knowledge, there is no published data on the Heptadecane 44.3 0.90 * * chemical composition of rose hydrosol. Germacrene-D 45 0.45 * * The major components and their retention times are Geranyl acetate 47.9 2.00 * * summarised in Table 1. Citronellol 48.2 35.23 9.91 9.91 Nerol 50.4 10.26 1.43 16.12 The Total Phenolic Contents Geraniol 53 22.19 3.71 30.74 The rose oil, absolute and hydrosol were examined Nonadecane 55.9 13.85 4.35 * for their total phenolic composition. Total phenolic Phenylethyl 57.1 2.30 78.38 23.7 contents varied from 5.2 to 2134.3 GAE/mg/L-1. alcohol Total phenolic contents in rose oil, absolute and Methyl eugenol 62.5 1.97 0.69 * hydrosol were 839.5 ± 59.5, 2134.3 ± 91.4 and Heneicosane 66.7 4.85 * * 5.2 ± 0.3 GAE/mg/L-1, respectively. Total phenolic Eugenol 70.5 1.18 1.52 * content of absolute was found remarkably high. * Not detected. O¨ zkan et al. [12] found 276.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g in fresh rose flower extract and 248.97 mg GAE/g in spent rose flower extract. Several studies have reported on the relationships between phenolic content and antioxidant activity in some Rose species [21, 22].

HPLC Analysis of Tocopherol and Carotene rose extracts. HPLC analysis of rose oil, absolute Levels and hydrosol showed that tocopherol and carotene Antioxidant effects are very important due to the levels of rose absolute were significantly higher than destructive role of free radicals in biological systems that of essential oil and hydrosol (Table 2). Because and foods. Vitamin E active compounds are part of of solvent extraction yields about 5–10 times that the antioxidant system inactivating free radicals obtained by steam distillation [2], the composition of and take part in the oxidative stress [23]. It was the absolute depends on method. High tocopherol reported that carotenoid orb-carotene-rich diets and carotene levels of rose absolute suggest that may prevent cardiovascular disease [24]. Therefore, it can be used a potent natural antioxidant for we examined tocopherol and carotene levels of commercial exploration.

Table 2 HPLC analysis results of rose extracts Sample α-Tocopherol β-Tocopherol γ-Tocopherol δ-Tocopherol β-Carotene (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Essential oil * * 9.6 ± 0.56 * * Absolute 2397.1 ± 72.5 * 343.1 ± 28.4 33.6 ± 2.1 422.3 ± 35.6 Hydrosol * * * * * * Not detected

Antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial activities of rose products were determined by agar diffusion and MIC tests against six pathogenic bacteria. Hexan (control) had no inhibitory effect on the strains while rose oil and absolute had showed high antimicrobial performance against microorganisms (Tables 3, 4). C. violaceum 12472 was the most sensitive microorganism against rose oil and absolute with the highest inhibition zone ([25 mm) and lowest MIC values 0.25 and 0.5%, respectively. E. coli 25922 was also sensitive against rose essential oil and rose absolute with MIC values of 0.25 and 0.5%, respectively. According to MIC values rose essential oil showed higher efficiency compared to absolute. However, hydrosol had no antimicrobial activity against any of the microorganisms. Antimicrobial activities and MIC levels of rose essential oil, absolute and hydrosol were given Tables 3 and 4. These results suggested that the antibacterial activity of the tested extracts were mainly due to their phenolic contents.

Antibacterial effect of major components of rose oil (citrenellol, geraniol and nerol) was reported previously [9, 13]. To date, the bacterial activity of R. damascena Mill. absolute and hydrosol has not been evaluated. Our results indicated that rose absolute also possess antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial properties of rose absolute can be attributed to its high phenylethyl alcohol content (PEA). The antimicrobial properties of alcohols have been known for a long time [25]. Because of rose-like aroma of PEA, it is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide variety of cosmetic products and foods such as beer, wine, olive oil, grapes, tea, apple juice and coffee [26].

In conclusion, our study showed that because of strong antibacterial effects of rose oil and rose absolute, and high tocopherol, carotene content of rose absolute, they could be used as natural preservative additives in food industry and medicine production and antibacterial agent for disinfection of various surfaces.

Acknowledgements We thank to the Sebat Ltd., Isparta for kindly providing rose essential oil, hydrosol and rose absolute.

Table 4: Minimum inhibibitory concentration (MIC) of rose extracts (% v/v) Sample S. aureus B. subtilis E. carotovora C. violaceum P. aeruginosa E. coli Rose oil 0.5 0.25 0.5 0.25 >4 0.25 Rose absolute 2 1 0.5 0.5 2 0.5 Hydrosol * * * * * *

Gentamicin 12 3 12 12 6 12 (ppm) Gentamicin as a positive reference standard * Not detected

References 14. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV (1999) Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol 1. Kaul VK, Singh V, Singh B (2000) Damask rose and marigold: 86:985–990 6 prospective industrial crops. J Med Aromat Plant Sci 22:313– 15. Lampi AM, Kataja L, Kamal-Eldin A, Piironen V (1999) 318 Antioxidant activities of a- and c-tocopherols in the oxidation of 2. Ku¨rkçuög˘lu M, Bas¸er KHC (2003) Studies on Turkish rapeseed oil triacylglycerols. J Am Oil Chem Soc 76:749–755 rose concrete, ‘‘absolute and hydrosol’’. Chem Nat Comp 16. Singleton VL, Rossi JR (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics 39:457–464 with phosphomolybdic–phosphotungstic acid. Am J Enology 3. Boskabady MH, Kiani S, Rakhshandah H (2006) Relaxant and Vitic 16:144–158 effects of Rosa damascena on guinea pig tracheal chains and 17. Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Shahabi M (2002) Comparative its possible mechanism(s). J Ethnopharmacol 106:377–382 investigations of essential oils and their SPME headspace 4. Rakhshandah H, Hosseini M (2006) Potentiation of volatiles of Rosa damascena from Bulgaria and Rosa centifolia pentobarbital hypnosis of by Rosa damascena in mice. Indian from Morocco using GC-FID, GC–MS and olfactometry. J J Exp Biol 44:910–912 Essent Oil-Bear Plants 5:111–121 5. Kheirabadi M, Moghimi A, Rakhshande H, Rassouli MB 18. Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Stoyanova A, Balinova A, (2008) Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activities of Rosa Guangjiun Z, Xihan M (2005) Solid phase microextraction/ damascena on the PTZ induced seizures in wistar rats. JBS gas chromatographic and olfactory analysis of the scent and 8:426–430 fixative properties of the essential oil ofRosa damascena L. VF. 6. Tabrizi H, Mortazavi SA, Kamalinejad M (1993) An in vitro Flavour Fragr J 20:7–12 evaluation of various Rosa damascena flower extracts as a 19. Loghmani-Khouzani H, Sabzi-Fini O, Safari J (2007) natural antisolar agent. Int J Cosmet Sci 25:259–265 Essential oil composition of Rosa damascena Mill cultivated in 7. Kumar N, Bhandari P, Singh B, Bari SS (2008) Antioxidant central Iran. Sci Iran 14:316–319 activity and ultra-performance LC-electrospray ionization 20. Aydinli M, Tutas M (2003) Production of rose absolute from quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for phenolics- rose concrete. Flavour Fragr J 18:32–35 based fingerprinting of Rose species: Rosa damascena, R. 21. Cai YZ, Xing J, Sun M, Zhan ZQ, Corke H (2005) Phenolic bourboniana and R. brunonii. Food Chem Toxicol 47:361–367 antioxidants (hydrolyzable tannins, flavonols, and anthocyanins) 8. Kovatcheva-Apostolova E, Milen G, Mladenka I, Leif S, Anja identified by LC-ESI-MS and MALDI-QIT-TOF MS from Rosa R, Mogens A (2008) Extracts of plant cell cultures of Lavandula chinensis flowers. Agric Food Chem 53:9940–9948 vera and Rosa damascena as sources of phenolic antioxidants 22. Jassbi AR, Zamanizadehnajarib S, Tahara S (2003) for use in foods. Eur Food Res Technol A 227:1243–1249 Polyphenolic antioxidant constituents of Rosa persica. J Chem 9. Arıdog˘an BC, Baydar H, Kaya S, Demirci M, O¨ zbas¸ar D, Soc Pak 25:323–327 Mumcu E (2002) Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition 23. Lindsay DG, Astley SB (2002) European research on the of some essential oils. Arch Pharm Res 25:860–864 functional effects of dietary antioxidants. EUROFEDA. Mol 10. Basim E, Basim H (2003) Antibacterial activity of Rosa Aspects Med 23:1–38 damascena essential oil. Fitoterapia 74:394–396 24. Tavani A, La Vecchia C (1999) Beta-carotene and risk 11. Achuthan CR, Babu BH, Padikkala J (2003) Antioxidant and of coronary heart disease. A review of observational and hepatoprotective effects of Rosa damascena. Pharm Biol 41: intervention studies. Biomed Pharmacother 53:409–416 357–361 25. Etschmann MMW, Bluemke W, Sell D, Schrader J (2002) 12. O¨ zkan G, Sag˘dıç O, Go¨ktu¨rk-Baydar N, Baydar H (2004) Biotechnological production of 2-phenylethanol. Appl Microbiol Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Rosa damascena Biotechnol 59:1–8 flower extracts. Food Sci Technol Int 10:277–281 26. Fabre CE, Blanc PJ, Goma G (1998) 2-Phenylethyl alcohol: 13. Gochev V, Wlcek K, Buchbauer G, Stoyanova A, Dobreva an aroma profile. Perfume Flavor 23:43–45 A, Schmidt E, Jirovetz L (2008) Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity and composition of rose oils from various geographic origins, in particular Bulgarian rose oil. Nat Prod Commun 3:1063–1068

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en and the Road to Aging Gracefully and Healthy M by Maria Tabone

Marie Tabone shares her insights on how men can utilize essential oils to age gracefully in a healthy way!

Men are often overlooked when it comes to issues (Chamaemelum nobile), which is well known for dealing with their health. What we don’t always its calming properties; Geranium (Pelargonium recognize is that they face many of the same graveolens), which is emotionally balancing and concerns as women, especially in the autumn relaxing; Lavandin super (Lavandula hybrid var. of their lives. They aren’t always very good at super) – a study by Dr. Jane Buckle states that expressing themselves, for fear of sounding weak; lavandin (Lavandula hybrid var. super), which is whereas women tend to be much more vocal about a hybrid of two different species of lavender, is their feelings and have a great support system of even more effective for calming anxiety than true friends. The result is men are left to deal with these lavender (Lavandula angustifolia).1 questions by themselves. Ylang ylang (Cananga odorata), which is very Weight gain, aging, heart disease, high blood calming and known for its ability to help lower blood pressure, high cholesterol, thinning hair, aching pressure; Frankincense (Boswellia spicatum), muscles and joints are common issues as men age. which has historically been used for meditation. In addition, many middle aged men find themselves Additionally, it is calming and centering, and even out placed in today’s job market while they still helps with despair and grief. Petitgrain (Citrus have many productive years ahead of them. In aurantium var. bigaradia), which is helpful for cases where they are the primary bread winner, this anxiety, panic attack, heart palpitations and can act can bring on stress, anger, resentment and even as an antidepressant. depression. I asked them to inhale this blend when they felt In my practice I treat mostly women. It is rare that I stressed, as well as placing it on the bottom of have a male client, and when I do it is because his their feet at night for a more restful sleep. Lavandin wife pushed him to see me. Women are usually (Lavandula x intermedia hybrida super) and Roman more open to seeking alternative methods for their chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) can also be health whereas men are not. I recently spoke to used alone, as single oils, to inhale in those times a small group of men asking them what issues of stress if you don’t want to make, or purchase, a concerned them the most as they aged and how blend. they felt about integrative medicine. I also asked them how they felt about the concept of mind, body Another issue men worry about as they age is and spirit being responsible for good health. All prostate cancer. If it is caught in time it can be agreed that stress is the number one issue they successfully treated. As with any health issue the face, but concern about prostate cancer and losing best medicine is prevention. More studies are their hair were close seconds. They also expressed showing that compounds in both green tea and concern over heart disease. I gave each of them pomegranate (Punica granatum) can prevent and an aromatherapy oil blend that I created for stress slow the spread of prostate cancer. Drinking two and anxiety that consisted of: Roman chamomile to four cups of green tea daily has shown to help

nuts, whole grains, seeds and fruit. Making sure you get enough omega three fatty acids is also important for healthy hair growth, in addition to helping with other problems such as inflammation, arthritis, heart disease and depression.6 Foods such as wild Alaskan salmon, sardines, flax seeds or walnuts are very helpful to obtain an adequate amount of omega three fatty acids; however, you may also want to take a supplement every day.

We can’t talk about creating a healthy life without exercise. We should exercise throughout our whole life. As we age exercise helps keep our immune system functioning optimally by warding off disease, and helps keep our muscles and joints flexible so we can avoid the aches and pains that can often accompany aging.

Essential oils are a wonderful aid for muscle and joint paint. Essential oils such as helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis var. cineole), German (or blue) chamomile (Matricaria recutita), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), ginger root (Zingiber officinale) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) all have anti- inflammatory properties while increasing circulation prevent prostate cancer, as well as heart disease. to help relieve pain and swelling. I like using them Recent studies have shown that pomegranate juice in a base of arnica (Arnica montana) infused oil. and extract can slow the growth, and even kill, Arnica is used for bruises, pain, sprains and swelling cancer cells, depending on the dose.2 Saw palmetto of joints and muscles. It is also very beneficial for (Serenoa repens) is also an herb that has been arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis due to its anti- used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (which is the inflammatory properties. slow growth of the prostate). According to James A. Duke, Ph.D., a master herbalist and author of The Muscle/Joint Pain Blend Green Pharmacy, saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) In a two ounce amber glass bottle add the following 3 may also be helpful to encourage hair growth. essential oils:

Hair loss in men can affect their self-confidence. 8 drops Helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum) However, shaving the head has now become very fashionable. But for those men who still prefer a 5 drops Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis ct. healthy head of hair essential oils can also help cineole) encourage hair follicle growth. Marge Clark, from 6 drops German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) Nature’s Gift, makes a blend of these essential oils; 8 drops Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus 6 drops Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale) officinalis), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica).4,5 5 drops Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)

Hair loss can often be the result of nutritional Fill the bottle with the following carrier oils: deficiencies in a person’s diet. There is no substitute 1 oz. Sesame Oil (Sesamum indicum) for a healthy diet full of vegetables, healthy protein,

1 oz. Arnica (Arnica montana) infused oil Apply to the affected area two to three times a day as long as pain persists.

Let’s also not forget about having a circle of people who you enjoy being with. This can raise your serotonin, which is your happy hormone. We always think of women and their girlfriends when we think of socializing; however, men also benefit from being social. The MacArthur Successful Aging Study found that men with social connections had a lower rate of bodily inflammation which can lead to 7 About Maria Tabone heart disease than men without social connections. Maria Tabone is a Holistic Health Educator, Ayurveda Nutritionist, Registered Yoga Teacher and Author. So for the men out there, eat right, exercise, enjoy She has spent over 20 years studying alternative friends and family, do things you love, and keep medicine and the mind/body/spirit connection. She your medicine cabinet stocked with some of these has a Master’s Degree in Integrative Health and great essential oils! Healing, a certification in Plant Based Nutrition from Cornell University, and has certifications in various References healing practices such as Clinical Aromatherapy, 1. Buckle, Jane, Clinical Aromatherapy: Essential Oils in Practice, Second Edition, June 25, 2003 Ayurveda, Herbalism, Reflexology, Reiki and 2. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/ Chakra Balancing. She is also a Healing Foods prostatesupplements/healthprofessional/page5 chef, who has studied at the Institute of Culinary 3. http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/ART03030/Hair-Loss-Alopecia- Education and the Natural Gourmet Institute. Maria Baldness.html is currently working on her PhD in Nutrition. Maria’s 4. http://www.naturesgift.com/alopecia.htm 5. http://blog.younglivingcircle.com/2010/02/18/essential-oils- first book entitled, “The Holistic Root to Managing for-hair-loss/ Anxiety,” is for sale on Amazon and Barnes and 6. http://www.livestrong.com/article/487815-omega-3-and-hair- Noble.com. She is currently working on her second loss/ book. 7. Time Magazine A-Z Health Guide, National institute on aging, www.nia.nih.gov Maria is a member of The American Association of Drugless Practitioners, The American Herbalists Guild, The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy and The Health & Wellness Professionals Network.

You can contact Maria at: [email protected] or visit her website at: www.theholisticroot.com/

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Jean Bokelmann, M.D. and Annette Davis, C.N.

Dr. Jean Bokelmann and Annette Davis share their Jean Bokelmann, M.D. experience and insights with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycycstic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a relatively common and frequently misunderstood condition with variable clinical presentation. Its key features are irregular or absent menses often followed by episodic heavy and prolonged menses, infertility, central obesity, androgenization (acne male-pattern hair loss and hirsutism), and multiple ovarian cysts. It is estimated to affect 5-10% of women and is thought to have both genetic and environmental roots. Annette Davis, C. N.

Most women with PCOS will present with only two or The most common underlying cause of PCOS is three of the clinical features of PCOS. Approximately insulin resistance which is observed in both normal 70% will have missed periods (oligomenorrhea) or weight and overweight women with PCOS. It occurs 8 lack of periods (amenorrhea). Obesity is present at some level in 50-80% of PCOS patients. Insulin in 70%. Hirsutism to a varying degree is present resistance can occur through multiple mechanisms in roughly 75%, and ovarian cysts – unilateral or including genetic predisposition and lifestyle bilateral - are present in 90%.1-5 Ethnicity plays a impact. Obesity has a well-known correlation with role in the presentation of PCOS. For example, insulin resistance and plays an increasing role in women of Asian descent are less likely to have PCOS given the current obesity epidemic in the hirsutism.6 The variability in presentation in PCOS United States and much of the developed world. reflects heterogeneous causative factors. Thus, the Overweight and obese women with PCOS are more approach for each woman needs to be individualized likely to have glucose intolerance than normal weight based on her particular presenting symptoms and women with the syndrome. However, even normal laboratory findings. weight women with PCOS tend to have altered body fat distribution with more central (visceral) obesity Pathophysiology of PCOS that is associated with elevated insulin levels and 9 In selecting an appropriate botanical prescription for insulin resistance. a woman with PCOS, it is important to understand the pathophysiology behind the symptoms. Insulin resistance in at least 50% of PCOS Research continues to shed light on the more women appears to be related to excessive serine common physiologic and genetic aberrations phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, resulting in 10 leading to this PCOS. Genetic contributions to decreased glucose uptake by muscle cells. The PCOS are evidenced by familial clustering of cases resultant increase in circulating insulin then appears and stronger concordance in monozygotic twins.7 to augment ovarian and adrenal steroidogenesis and pituitary LH release directly through the insulin

receptor.9,10 Serine phosphorylation also appears to cells are resistant to it. Research has demonstrated modulate the activity of the key regulatory enzyme that insulin action in the ovaries is mediated by of androgen biosynthesis P450c17,10 shedding inositolglycan at the post receptor level, and not by light on the co-occurrence of insulin resistance and tyrosine–kinase cascade. Thus, the high circlulating androgenization commonly seen in the syndrome. insulin levels have more direct influence on the Another mechanism for insulin resistance in PCOS ovaries than on other tissues in the body.12 has recently been discovered and is linked to an increase in microRNA11 resulting in decreased Insulin also has a direct impact on the pituitary gland. GLUT-4 activity. GLUT-4 is instrumental in fat The elevated insulin level found in insulin resistance cell responsiveness to insulin. Thus, the GLUT-4 increases the pulse frequency of the gonadotropins deficiency results in elevated glucose levels leading which results in LH over FSH dominance, increased to a compensatory increase in circulating insulin ovarian androgen production, decreased follicular levels.11 maturation, and decreased sex-hormone-binding. In a positive feedback loop, increased androgens The question is raised as to why the ovaries are increase insulin resistance.8 so sensitive to insulin when the rest of the body’s

Estrogen dominance and unopposed estrogen are in part through the insulin receptors on the ovaries. issues in PCOS that pose additional health risks. In addition, elevated prolactin levels are known to Higher levels of estrone and estradiol are derived promote hirsutism. from increased aromatase activity in the excess visceral adipose tissue. Increased estrogen feeds TRH infusions in women with PCOS compared to back to the pituitary to reduce follicle stimulating normal controls have also been shown to produce hormone (FSH), resulting in arrest of ovarian follicle elevated concentrations of LH, testosterone, development (the “cysts” seen in the ovaries are androstenedione and 24-hour urinary estrogen actually arrested follicles). Arrested follicles cause excretion.15 TRH tends to rise during times of anovulation, with the subsequent failure of ovarian stress.15 progesterone production that follows normal ovulation. Early on, prolonged unopposed estrogen PCOS has also been shown to involve increased produces episodes of irregular heavy prolonged inflammation and oxidation, raising risks for bleeding (dysfunctional uterine bleeding). Over time subsequent cardiovascular disease and cancer.16-18 there is an elevated risk for uterine hyperplasia and cancer due to persistently unopposed estrogen. Differentiating PCOS from other medical problems Another route to PCOS is postulated to be through Each clinical feature of PCOS must be run past a list a primary disturbance in androgen production. of alternative diagnostic possibilities. Amenorrhea Increased androgens alone can contribute to the and oligomenorrhea can be caused by pregnancy, a cascade of PCOS through increasing visceral fat30, prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor, primary ovarian leading to insulin resistance, elevated circulating failure, early menopause, stress, rapid weight insulin levels, and ovarian dysfunction. In normal gain, low body mass index (BMI), hyperathleticism, ovarian physiology, androgens produced by LH- and several other less common physiologic and stimulated theca cells undergo aromatization to hormonal disturbances. Heavy irregular bleeding estrogens by FSH-stimulated granulosa aromatase. may be caused by endometrial cancer, cervical As aromatase activity increases and estrogen levels cancer, fibroids, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, increase, ovulation usually follows. In some PCOS and clotting disorders such as Von Willebrand’s patients, the ratio of follicular androstenedione disease. Hirsutism can be caused by primary (theca cell androgen) to estradiol is elevated and adrenal hyperplasia (a congenital disorder), a mutation in the P450 aromatase gene has been androgen-secreting tumors on the adrenal glands found to be a cause of this shift.13 and ovaries, Cushings syndrome, hypersensitivity of hair follicles to testosterone, a prolactin-secreting Elevated prolactin levels have been shown to adenoma, and several pharmaceutical drugs. correlate with PCOS. While very high prolactin levels are usually caused by a prolactin secreting The ovarian “cysts” of PCOS are unique in that they pituitary tumor, mildly elevated prolactin levels can appear as multiple (10-20) small cysts, often forming be triggered by stress. Increased prolactin levels a bubbly ring around the ovary on ultrasound. These can also be caused by the persistently elevated cysts are easily distinguishable on ultrasound from estradiol levels seen in PCOS. An overly sensitive benign solitary ovarian cysts that occur in up to pituitary has been implicated as women with PCOS 20% of women and from complex cysts and ovarian have been shown to have a more vigorous and/ cancer that are also usually solitary. The numerous or prolonged prolactin response to infusions of PCOS cysts are actually ovarian follicles that have TRH (thyroid releasing hormone). PCOS is also been halted in their monthly march toward ovulation. associated with a more vigorous prolactin response These cysts develop a “thick skin” (thecation) under to dopamine blockers.14 Prolactin promotes insulin the stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH). resistance, so again the final common pathway is

Diagnosing PCOS other diagnoses or of co-morbid conditions include When a woman presents with any two features of serum prolactin, HCG, fasting glucose and insulin, PCOS, further evaluation for PCOS is warranted. lipid profile, DHEA-S, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, There are a variety of definitions of PCOS but the and dexamethasone suppression test. DHEA-S two most accepted ones are: levels greater than 700 suggest adrenal dysfunction warranting adrenal imaging. NIH consensus: A woman should have all of the following: oligoovulation, signs of androgen excess Ultrasound will identify polycycstic ovaries, typically (clinical or biochemical), other entities are excluded bilaterally enlarged ovaries with more than eight that would cause polycystic ovaries. follicles per ovary, with follicles less than 10mm in diameter. More than 90% of women with PCOS Rotterdam consensus: Any 2 of the following: have this finding, which also occurs in 25% of oligoovulation and/or anovulation, excess androgen normal women. activity, polycystic ovaries (12 or more 5-7mm follicles) by ultrasound.19 Other common laboratory features of PCOS are elevated LH, estrone, and testosterone in By the Rotterdam criteria, a woman can have one of the presence of normal estradiol (in idiopathic four PCOS syndromes: hyperprolactinemia estradiol levels are suppressed). 24 hour urinary estrogen levels are increased in PO: polycystic ovaries with anovulation PCOS, particularly in response to a bolus of TRH PH: polycystic ovaries with hyperandrogenism (often triggered by stress). and normal ovulation PHO: polycystic ovaries with hyperandrogenism Treating PCOS and anovulation Women who seek treatment for PCOS are primarily HO: Hyperandrogenism and anovulation with concerned with correcting abnormal menses normal ovaries on ultrasound. (particularly when it evolves into dysfunctional uterine bleeding), infertility, weight gain, hirsutism Research has shown that women with the PO and acne. Health care providers have additional syndrome do not show a tendency toward insulin preventive interests with regard to associated resistance and metabolic syndrome in contrast to increased risks for endometrial cancer and women who have all three features of PCOS.20 cardiovascular disease from hyperinsulinism.22 The risk of endometrial cancer is three times higher Laboratory tests in women with PCOS.23 There is also conflicting Serum LH and LH/FSH ratio are significantly evidence for a three-fold increased risk for breast higher in women with PCOS, but these tests are cancer in the postmenopausal years with chronic abnormal in only about 40% of patients with PCOS. anovulation.24 Mean serum total testosterone concentration is significantly higher in about 70% of women with Conventional treatment for PCOS includes the use PCOS. Androstenedione is significantly higher in of behavior modification directed at weight reduction about 50% of women with PCOS. When testing for and glucose regulation, pharmacologic therapy all of the above, an abnormality will be detected directed at presenting complaints and prevention in about 80% of women with PCOS. If serum of complications, and rarely surgical treatment of testosterone levels exceed 150ng/dL, a virilizing the ovaries. Examples of pharmaceuticals include tumor of the ovaries should be ruled out with pelvic metformin to address insulin resistance, clomiphene ultrasound.21 to stimulate ovulation for women seeking pregnancy, bromocriptine or cabergoline to reduce prolactin, Other laboratory tests that may be indicative of progesterone to regulate menses and reduce risk

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 35 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome continued - for endometrial cancer, and spironolactone to block androgens.29 Combined estrogen/progesterone birth control pills are commonly used to regulate cycles, reduce acne and hirsutism, and reduce risks to the endometrium. Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in development of metabolic syndrome25, so Vitamin D supplementation should be provided to women with deficiency.

Dietary measures should focus on weight loss and reduction in circulating insulin levels through carbohydrate restriction, particularly refined carbohydrates. A 2013 scientific review showed improvement in pregnancy rates, menstrual regularity, hyperandrogenism and quality of life with weight loss regardless of dietary regimen26. As a dietary supplement, myo-inositol has been shown to be effective in treatment of PCOS.27 The botanical approach to a woman with PCOS should take into consideration the unique pathophysiology of each woman, addressing as warranted:

1) Insulin resistance 2) Elevated ovarian and adrenal androgens 3) Elevated estrogen 4) Elevated LH 5) Insufficient progesterone 6) Elevated prolactin lot of weight with her last pregnancy and has been unable to lose the excess 30 lbs. Her last menstrual 7) Lactotroph hypersensitivity to TRH period was five months ago. Ultrasound shows 16 8) Anovulation small cysts on the periphery of her ovaries. LH/FSH 9) Inflammation ratio is moderately elevated. Testosterone is upper 10) Oxidation limits of normal. Pregnancy test is negative. 11) Underlying stress 12) Obesity and metabolic syndrome Analysis: Her problem is likely due to the excess weight gain with her last pregnancy, with the In addition, targeting frequently associated co- excess weight producing metabolic syndrome, morbidities such as fatty liver, hypertension, increased circulating insulin levels leading to depression with anxiety31, cardiovascular disease, ovarian dysfuction. She now has anovulation and and dyslipidemia is warranted. unopposed estrogen, placing her at immediate risk of dysfunctional uterine bleeding and at long term Examples: risk of endometrial cancer. Elevated insulin levels 1) A 35 year old woman presents with acne, central are producing hyperandrogenic output from the obesity, diminishing menstrual regularity since the ovaries causing acne. Due to the increased insulin birth of her third child four years ago. She gained a levels she is also at long term risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. © Copyright 2014 NAHA 36 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome continued -

Treatment should be directed at a life-long low- ratio (signifying visceral fat accumulation). Her glycemic or other weight-reduction diet and an serum testosterone level and androstenedione interval exercise program to promote weight level are moderately elevated. DHEA-S and 17-OH- reduction. Botanical support with herbs shown to progesterone and prolactin levels are normal. reverse metabolic syndrome would include herbs like Ultrasound shows numerous 5-7mm cysts on both Cinnamon and Lemon Balm.38, 39 Progesterogenic ovaries. plants such as Chaste Tree would help support the endometrium. Chaste Tree would also be essential Analysis: Her problem is likely a hereditary ovarian in promoting ovulation via prolactin reduction defect resulting in elevated ovarian androgen and reducing excess estrogen levels via FSH production (decreased aromatization or increased antagonism.33,35 In addition, antioxidant and anti- insulin sensitivity). She is less likely to have excess inflammatory herbs, Milk Thistle (for fatty liver)45, estrogen levels or excess insulin levels. Focus and anxiolytics such as Lavender, Bergamot, and should be on reducing her androgens and improving Lemon Balm would be useful to address secondary aromatization. Herbs such as Licorice to balance complications of the disorder.40, 41, 42 aromatization of estrogens and decrease ovarian androgen production would be the mainstay for this 2) A 24 year old woman presents with gradually woman.34,35 Myo-inositol may also be appropriate increasing hair growth on her chin, central chest, in this case.27 Saw Palmetto and African Prune and lower abdomen since menarche at age 12. may also be useful for the hirsutism via reduction She continues to have mild to moderate acne. In of 5-alpha reductase.35,36,37 In addition, she would the past twelve months her menses have become benefit from the herbs noted in Case 1 to prevent increasingly irregular and her last menstrual period secondary complications. occurred about four months ago. She has a normal body mass index but noted increased waist:hip

Herbs That May Be Useful in The Treatment of PCOS Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus castus) Berry Prolactin modulator, reduces TRH-stimulated prolactin secretion, increases mid-luteal progesterone level33, 35 Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Root Reduces testosterone, reduces insulin resistance, anti- inflammatory34,35 African Prune (Pygeum africanum) Bark 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, anti-inflammatory36 Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Leaf Reduces insulin resistance, anxiolytic39, 42 Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Bark Reduces insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Flower Stress relief, anxiolytic Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Peel Mood enhancing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant Spearmint (Mentha spicata) Leaf Antiandrogenic, anti-inflammatory Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) Flower Anti-inflammatory, normalizes LH, increases dominant follicles Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Berry 5-alpha reductase inhibitor Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum, Carduus Hepatoprotective, regenerative, detoxifying, antioxidant, marianus) Seed anti-inflammatory

Sample Phytotherapeutic PCOS Treatment Mother Tincture Blend Chaste Tree Mother Tincture 60 cc Licorice Mother Tincture 60 cc African Prune Mother Tincture 60 cc Lemon Balm (Melissa) Mother Tincture 60 cc Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil 3 cc Lavender Essential Oil 3 cc Bergamot Essential Oil 3 cc Blend all of the above together in an 8 oz glass bottle. Shake well before use. Take 2 cc morning and evening diluted in a small glass of water. Herbal Tea Spearmint Leaf Bulk Herb 8 oz Chamomile Flower Bulk Herb 8 oz Mix tea well and store in an airtight container. Pour 1 liter of boiling water over 4 tablespoons tea. Cover, steep 15 minutes, strain, and drink throughout the day each day. Herbal Extract Capsules Saw Palmetto Milk Thistle Take 1-2 capsules of each morning and evening. Note: This sample phytotherapeutic treatment is intended to be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Optimal results are achieved when treatment plans are customized to each patient.

Tincture Blend

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Milewicz A. “Prolactin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome.” J Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Spring;10(2):497-502. doi: 10.5812/ Reprod Med 1984 Mar 29 (3): 193-6. ijem.3644. Epub 2012 Apr 20. 16. Thozhukat Sathyapalan; Stephen L. Atkin (2010). “Mediators of 36. Schleich S, Papaioannou M, Baniahmad A, Matusch R. “Extracts Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Relation to Adiposity”. from Pygeum africanum and other ethnobotanical species with Mediators of Inflammation (Hindawi) 2010. antiandrogenic activity.” Planta Med. 2006 Jul;72(9):807-13. Epub 2006 17. Fukuoka M, Yasuda K, Fujiwara H, Kanzaki H, Mori T (1992). Jun 19. “Interactions between interferon gamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha, 37. Abe M, Ito Y, Suzuki A, Onoue S, Noguchi H, Yamada S. “Isolation and interleukin-1 in modulating progesterone and oestradiol production and pharmacological characterization of fatty acids from saw palmetto by human luteinized granulosa cells in culture”. extract.” Anal Sci. 2009 Apr;25(4):553-7. 18. Murri, Mora; Luque-Ramírez, Manual et al. (2013). “Circulating 38. Wang JG, Anderson RA, Graham GM 3rd, Chu MC, Sauer MV, markers of oxidative stress and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Guarnaccia MM, Lobo RA “The effect of cinnamon extract on insulin a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Hum. Reprod. Update 19 (3): resistance parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study.” 268–288 Fertil Steril. 2007 Jul;88(1):240-3. Epub 2007 Feb 12. 19. Hart R, Hickey M, Franks S (October 2004). “Definitions, prevalence 39. Weidner C, Wowro SJ, Freiwald A, Kodelja V, Abdel-Aziz H, Kelber O, Sauer S. “Lemon balm extract causes potent antihyperglycemic and

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**This article originally appeared in the International Journal of Professional Holistic Aromatherapy, Spring 2014 edition.

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Attentive and Calm: Herbs, Food and Lifestyle Therapies for Creating Mental Clarity

by Juliet Blankespoor

Herbalist Juliet Blankespoor shares her insights on how to utilize herbs, food and lifestyle therapies to support attentiveness, ability to focus and calmness.

For many contemporary humans, work and play center on electronic devices and continual communication. With conversations that come permanent impairment in their motor and mental in abbreviated snippets, fast-paced scrolling of abilities, as well as behavior problems. Testing images, and memes; continual multi-tasking has found signs of slower development; the children become the norm. We are energetically in three scored, on average, five points lower on IQ tests.1 places at once. No wonder many of us aren’t fully here, and feel challenged staying on task. In addition As children are energetically open beings, they to a busy lifestyle, stress can put a serious damper are even more susceptible to distracting forces; on concentration. It’s likely you can recall a time they are constantly absorbing information and when you were preoccupied with troubles, and you skills, social clues and mores. Their development had difficulty following just a simple conversation or depends on their receptivity and assimilation of completing a project. outside influences. Moreover, children’s mental, emotional and physical growth is mediated by Many people’s schedules are so full that they don’t hormones, which can easily be disrupted by the factor in time for cooking wholesome meals, or sitting aforementioned endocrine disruptors. Another down with loved ones to savor the deliciousness of factor, not to be overlooked, is sugar intake, even in life. Hastily eating food that is devoid of nourishment is a commonplace occurrence. How can we expect our brains to function optimally when our bodies are overfed but nutritionally famished, and we don’t have the proper building blocks for healthy tissue function? Finally, many environmental chemicals can affect hormonal systems, including the hormones that regulate physical and mental development. These synthetic compounds — called endocrine disruptors — have the ability to alter hormone production, metabolism and excretion. There are many studies linking exposure to such chemicals with lowered I.Q. levels and difficulty concentrating. One long-term Taiwanese study followed 128 children who were exposed to high levels of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and furans (both endocrine disruptors) in the womb. The study found that those who were exposed showed

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 42 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Attentive and Calm continued - the form of natural sugars found in fruit juice, honey instructor is not able to tailor lessons to each and maple syrup. student’s optimal mode of absorbing information. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder There are a number of dietary, herbal and lifestyle (ADHD) is characterized by poor impulse control, modifications, which make a big difference in hyperactivity and difficulties with focusing. Of course, the ability to concentrate, assimilate and retain these are hallmarks of childhood behavior — the information. Nutrition, proper sleep, exercise, and relative frequency of these traits is what leads to a training the mind to focus are central to nurturing diagnosis of this psychiatric disorder. Children who attentiveness. Herbs and essential oils are also are diagnosed with ADHD often experience difficulty helpful, but it is important to not miss any underlying with academics and social relationships. ADHD is factors contributing to difficulties with learning and often associated with anxiety, sleep disorders, and focusing. obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Learning differences are sometimes associated with I have included strategies for children with ADHD; ADHD.2,3,4 these same strategies are used for adults with similar challenges. The following information is According to the Center for Disease Control applicable to all people concerned with the ability (CDC)’s latest statistics, in 2011 over 11% of U.S. to learn, focus, and retain information. These basic school-aged children had received the diagnosis of lifestyle, herbal, and nutritional recommendations ADHD by a health care provider.5 The additional should benefit college students, elders experiencing statistics, also from the same CDC study, are memory loss, and anyone who feels s/he suffer from quite startling, and reveal a strong gender bias in “foggy thinking.” prevalence and/or diagnosis: One in five U.S. high school boys, and one in eleven high school girls had Dietary and Lifestyle Strategies for Assisting been diagnosed by a health care provider as having Focus: ADHD. It is estimated that 6% of school-aged children, ages four to seventeen (approximately • After teaching hundreds of herbal students 3.5 million children) in the United States are taking over the past few decades, I have noticed a medication for ADHD. Stimulants are the most direct relationship between the students with commonly prescribed medications. Stimulants work a regular yoga or meditation practice and the by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels ability to concentrate during lengthy lectures. (very similar to adrenaline) in the brain.6 It is my Focus is a skill we can all develop with regular belief that initial approaches to managing ADHD practice. Restorative yoga, with an emphasis on should include diet and lifestyle modifications, breath work and cultivating presence, works well for herbs and essential oils. These natural therapies many people. Even ten minutes of daily focus on need to be thoroughly explored before considering inhalation and exhalation can make a big difference. pharmaceutical treatment. Additionally, long-term Audio recordings of guided meditations can do side effects should be weighed against any short- much to help maintain focus during meditation and term benefits of medications. relaxation. Also, there are many books, videos and classes tailored specifically for children on yoga, I am certainly not the first person to broach the issue relaxation and meditation. Another helpful hint: of our culture’s rigid ideas surrounding appropriate schedule these yoga or meditation sessions into the behavior for children. There are many parents and calendar at a specific time, and they will be more educators who question whether a child should likely to actually happen. be expected to sit at a desk quietly working on a repetitive task for a long period of time. I would • The rhythm of a daily routine is very pacifying add that we differ constitutionally in our ability to to people who are easily distracted or overly sit and focus — some people need more breaks sensitive to stimuli. Ritual creates a form or vessel and movement peppered into their work activities. for energy, and can help to calm over-excitement. Additionally, learning differences are difficult to Some examples include: meals, waking and retiring address in a large classroom setting, where the at the same time each day. Children respond well

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 43 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Attentive and Calm continued - to structure at school – knowing the schedule helps are found in grass-fed or pastured meat, poultry, them settle into activities, and gives them an idea eggs and dairy. Cold-water fish is another reliable of what to expect during the day. It is also possible source, but it is important to only consume fish that to create reassuring routines at home. However, is low in heavy metals and other toxins. Additionally, structure must be balanced with free time — for play overfishing is another concern when choosing and creativity. If possible, aim to be “unplugged” and healthy fish sources. Wild salmon, trout, anchovies in nature on a regular basis. Even a park in an urban and sardines are some good choices. It may be environment is replenishing to the spirit. necessary to supplement your diet with high quality fish oil if finances or dietary preferences arean • Avoid the ingestion of endocrine disruptors, issue. which are commonly found in: plastic food and beverage containers, and conventionally grown • Anyone observant, who has spent time with meat, dairy and produce. Other sources include the children, has probably noticed how sugar chemicals found in dry-cleaning solvents, synthetic and caffeine can lead to hyperactivity and a housecleaning solutions and body care products. subsequent “sugar crash.” Several studies Fire-retardant pajamas, plastic teething toys have shown there is no correlation between sugar and bottles are common sources of exposure to intake and ADHD symptoms; however, the “control” endocrine disruptors for infants. Bisphenol A (BPA)- group used in these studies was given synthetic free plastic is simply replaced with a closely related sweeteners, such as aspartame, which could have compound, Bisphenol B (BPB), which appears to be a similar affect on the brain as sugar by altering equally toxic. neurotransmitter metabolism, such as dopamine, via chemical reward circuits.8 Sometimes common • Diet should focus on organically grown sense and personal experience prove to be more whole foods: unprocessed vegetables, fruits, enlightening than science. Given sugar’s additional beans, whole grains and pasture-raised meat and role in developing diabetes, obesity, and dental dairy. Zinc deficiency has been linked to ADHD.7 carries, it is prudent to limit the intake of sugar, Good dietary sources of zinc include: oysters, red including natural sweeteners such as honey, maple meat, poultry, cashews, sesame and pumpkin syrup and fruit juices. Avoid high fructose corn seeds, lentils, garbanzo beans and quinoa. Good syrup sweetener entirely. Artificial food coloring quality fats are paramount to healthy nerve and and preservatives have also been associated with cell membrane functioning. Docosahexaenoic ADHD, and should be avoided.9 acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are essential fatty acids that are found in brain and • Limit or exclude the use of electronic devices. peripheral neurons. Deficiency of these healthy According to the most recent guidelines of the lipids is associated with many emotional, behavioral American Academy of Pediatrics, children, aged and cognitive disorders.7 Essential fatty acids six years old and up, should limit their daily entertainment screen time to two hours a day.10 For many children, even this may be too much media time.

• Have you ever noticed a distinct feeling of calm, coupled with clarity, after a burst of physical exertion? If you are a parent you have no doubt noted how exercise can calm a wound- up child, allowing them to relax and focus. Regular movement, especially with a raised heart rate, is one of the most effective lifestyle ingredients for focus Melissa and peace. Obviously, approach intense exercise (Melissa officinalis) with caution if you are unaccustomed to it or have a serious health condition.

• Proper sleep is essential to mental alertness, add one or more of the herbs listed below, which clarity and effective decision-making. It is aid in concentration and memory. The leaves and important to note that the quality of sleep, including flowers of passionflower are the medicinal portion dreamtime, is just as important as the duration. — it can be taken daily as a tea, tincture or capsule. Creating nightly rituals is simple and effective For a 150-pound adult the tincture dosage is two to — try baths, sleepy tea, or something as simple three droppers full three times a day; the tea dosage as placing a few drops of lavender (Lavandula is three cups a day; follow dosage instructions on angustifolia) essential oil on the pillow before the label for capsules. slumber. Chamomile (Matricaria recutita), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), catnip (Nepeta cataria), passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) and skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) are safe to use for children. The preceding list of herbs is in order of their sleep- inducing strength, from mildest to strongest. For adults, valerian (Valeriana officinalis) and hops (Humulus lupulus) may be needed if the milder hypnotics don’t do the trick.

Herbs for Assisting Focus, Learning and Memory:

Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is helpful in managing anxiety and hyperactivity in children, as well as in adults. Passionflower is also combined with milky oats (Avena sativa) and skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) to nurture peaceful and calm states. When supporting focus and learning it is ideal to Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)

Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) is a traditional Ayurvedic and Southeastern Asian remedy used to aid concentration and learning. It has a rich tradition of use, dating back thousands of years, and is enjoyed throughout the world as a medicinal salad green or an herbal addition to smoothies. Gotu kola is an adaptogen, meaning it helps the body adapt to physical and emotional stress. It is considered a rejuvenative in Ayurvedic medicine; imparting a sense of calm and supporting the higher emotions, such as compassion and kindness. Gotu kola is a creeping ground cover in the carrot family; its leaves have a pleasant parsley-like flavor. It can be used in tea, powder, capsule or tincture form. For a 150-pound adult the tincture dosage is one to two droppers full three times a day; the tea dosage is three cups a day; follow instructions on the label for Passion flower capsules. (Passiflora incarnata)

worth at a time. Gotu kola and passionflower leaf powder are also tasty, and can be added to the balls in equal parts. Try adding one teaspoon of herb or herb mixture to each ping pong-sized goo ball — the dosage for a child would be one ball a day; adults can eat two or three balls a day. Schisandra can also be enjoyed as a tea or tincture. For a 150-pound adult the tincture dosage is two to three droppers full; the tea dosage is three cups a day.

Determining Dosage in Children by Weight: To determine the child’s dosage by weight, you can assume that the adult dosage is for a 150-pound adult. Divide the child’s weight by 150. Take that number and multiply it by the recommended adult dosage. For example, if your child weighs 50 pounds, she will need one-third the recommended dose for a 150-pound adult. If the adult dosage is three droppers full of a tincture, she will need one third of that dose, which is one dropper full (1/3 of 3 droppers full). A 25-pound child would need one- sixth the adult dose, so he would receive one half of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) a dropper full (1/6 of 3 droppers full).

Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) is a medicinal References: 1. Y. Guo, G. Lambert, and C.-C. Hsu; “Growth and Abnormalities berry that grows on a vine that is native to China. It is in the Population Exposed to PCBs and Dibenzofurnas;” an adaptogen, and used herbally to treat anxiety and Presented at Children’s Environmental Health Network restlessness. Schisandra supports the seemingly Conference; 1994. opposing qualities of alertness and relaxation. The fruit has a sour zingy flavor that many children enjoy. 2. National Center for Learning Disabilities; http://www. ncld.org/component/com_rssearch/?option=com_rssearc Schisandra powder can be added to homemade h&search=ADHD&view=results&layout=default&module_ goo balls, which are basically dried fruit and nut id=1393&Itemid=2053. Accessed July 27, 2014. balls. There are endless variations when creating goo balls. Try toasted coconut (Cocos nucifera) 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Attention- Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/ flakes, chopped pumpkinCucurbita ( maxima) and facts.html. Accessed July 27, 2014. sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds with dried apricots (Prunus armenicaca), raisins (Vitis vinifera), 4. National Institute of Mental Health. Attention Deficit or cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon). I like to Hyperactivity Disorder. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/ use nut butter — almond (Prunus dulcis), sunflower publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/index. shtml#pub8. Accessed July 27, 2014. (Helianthus annuus) or peanut (Arachis hypogaea) — as a binder. For children who are used to eating 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Attention-Deficit/ ample sweets, try tapering down their sugar intake Hyperactivity Disorder—Data and Statistics. http://www.cdc. with lightly sweetened goo balls —brown rice gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html Accessed July 27, 2014. (Oryza sativa) syrup is a healthy choice. After they 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Attention- become accustomed to lower sugar intake, you can Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder—Treatment. http://www.cdc.gov/ omit this ingredient, and let the dried fruit serve as ncbddd/adhd/treatment.html Accessed July 27, 2014. the sole sweetener. If you have a food processor, you can whip up a batch quickly. Otherwise chop 7. Pizzorno, Joseph & Murray, Michael; The Clinician’s Handbook to Natural Medicine, 2nd edition; 2007. and mix by hand. You can refrigerate a few weeks

8. Johnson, R. J. and Gold, MS, Johnson DR; Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Is it time to reappraise the role of sugar consumption; 2011; Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/21904085. Accessed July 27, 2014.

9. Stevens, L.J.; et al.; Dietary Sensitivities and ADHD: thirty-five years of research; Clinical Pediatrics; April 279- 93; 2011; Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/21127082. Accessed July 27, 2014.

10. American Academy of Pediatrics; Media and Children; http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health- initiatives/Pages/Media-and-Children.aspx Retrieved July 27, 2014.

About Juliet Blankespoor Juliet Blankespoor is the director and primary instructor at the Chestnut School of Herbal Medicine,, where she teaches the traditional art of bioregional community herbalism. In addition, she cultivates a diverse herb garden and apothecary. Juliet also shares her plant obsession, through her herbal articles and botanical photography, in her Blog Castanea. She is currently developing several distance-learning herbal programs, including medicine making and medicinal herb cultivation, which will be available in late 2014. You can contact Juliet at [email protected]. The Chestnut School of Herbal Medicine Roots of Herbalism 100 hours April to October. One weekend a month. Foundational herbal course. Near Asheville, NC Coming in Fall 2014... Distance Learning Course A diversity of online modules with innovative video, full color photography, herbal recipes & raucous humor 828.683.5233 www.chestnutherbs.com Primary instructor: Juliet Blankespoor

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by Dorene Petersen, Dip. NT, Dip. Acu, RH (AHG)

Dorene Petersen shares her favorite essential oils to support immunity throughout the Autumn months.

Summer days are giving way to crisp autumn Ravensara (Cryptocarya agathophylla) evenings. Cozy sweaters are out, and we’re enjoying (formerly Ravensara aromatica) cups of our favorite toasty herbal teas (with added cinnamon spice, of course).

This time of year, surrounded by the wonders of fall, whipping up complementary essential oil blends is one of my favorite things to do. It’s a simple way to bring the ripe colors, aromas, and flavors of the season indoors, while also fortifying my immune system in preparation for the winter months ahead.

Some of my favorite essential oils for the season are clove (Syzygium aromaticum), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobilis) or German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), ginger (Zingiber Much like the popular antibacterial and cleansing officinale), and black pepper (Piper nigrum). These eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) essential oil, spicy classics can help to strengthen immunity and Cryptocarya agathophylla essential oil’s dominant protect against nasty bacteria and viruses with their constituent is the antiseptic oxide 1,8 cineole at cleansing properties. approximately 57-60%. The 1,8 cineole coupled with the terpinen-4-ol at approximately 10% provides However, professional aromatherapists also know the notable immunomodulant, antibacterial, that an essential oil should not be used over a antimicrobial, and antiviral therapeutic actions. long period of time without a break of at least the same time (e.g., three weeks on, three weeks off). Ravensara essential oil is a useful ingredient in Consequently, I like to incorporate a few “autumn formulas for respiratory and immunity support. It alternative” essential oils into my wellness routine. is an effective substitute for the popular eucalyptus The following essential oils may not be as frequently essential oil in inhalations and vapor rubs during associated with fall but can create a lovely autumnal cold and flu season (please note that ravensara ambiance, as well as provide effective wellness should not be applied to the nose or face). support for the oncoming cold and flu season.

Marjoram (Origanum marjorana) fragranced soaps as it blends wonderfully with cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis), and all spice essential oils.

Elemi is an immune system toner and can also provide respiratory support against bronchitis and sinusitis. It is a delightful addition to an immune boosting bath. Not to mention, it is also often used as a digestive support for providing relief from diarrhea, ulcers, and dyspepsia.

Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides)

With its warm, herbaceous, and sweet aroma, marjoram is a middle note that can be a lovely addition to your fall fragrances and wellness routine. It is often used as seasoning in spice compounds, meats, and sauces, making it a savory choice for fall cooking.

Marjoram also has a number of therapeutic actions that are desirable as the seasons change. Along with powerful antimicrobial and antibacterial properties, Origanum majorana has demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibitory effects against the following reactive oxygen species (ROS): 2,2’-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide, showing potential as a natural antioxidant.

Elemi (Canarium luzonicum)

Canarium luzonicum has One of my favorite essential oils from the spice an invigorating, lemony islands of Indonesia, the heavily woody and spicy fragrance with balsamic, aroma of vetiver is similar to sandalwood (Santalum peppery, slightly green, spicatum) and also considered one of the finest and sweet undertones. The fixatives in perfumes. It can add a warm and earthy fragrance is created by its addition to your autumn aromatherapy regime. predominant constituent, phellandrene. Elemi is a Vetiveria zizanioides also has known antibacterial, fixative and a fantastic antiseptic, and antioxidant properties, and can be addition to holiday and fall- used to prevent fall allergies, such as hay fever.

Vetiver has notable calming qualities, so it is a Many wellness stores and aromatherapy product welcome addition to a relaxing autumnal essential vendors now sell USB aroma diffusers that can be oil blend. plugged into your computer—a great way to get your dose of autumn aromatherapy and immunity Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus) boost while you work in the office or at home. Some cars even have USB outlets, so you can take your aromatherapy blends to go!

Low-tech solutions: There are many simple and effective ways to incorporate essential oils into a daily routine. For example, you can create a natural dryer sheet by adding a few drops of your favorite fall essential oil to a wet washcloth to put in the dryer with your laundry.

Another low-tech way to spruce up your home and create your “immunity bubble” with essential oils is by placing a few drops of your preferred fall essential oil blend on cotton balls and distributing For those who love the sweet and cleansing aroma them throughout drawers, armoires, closets, and of Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), cistus cupboards. You can also try adding eight drops of essential oil has a similar fragrant, herbaceous, and your favorite antiseptic essential oil to a bottle of balsamic aroma, and is also effective in soothing organic phosphate and fragrance-free dishwashing colds, coughs, and diarrhea. liquid soap—try elemi for a burst of lemony freshness. A 2011 in vitro study2 found cistus (Cistus ladaniferus) effective against pathogenic germs, Autumn Antiviral, Anti-Parasite, and Immune including the strain Listeria monocytogenese, which Stimulant Support causes flu-like symptoms. Essential Oils: Create Your Immunity Bubble: Essential Oils Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus): 60 drops in Everyday Life Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): 40 drops Ravensara (Cryptocarya agathophylla): 40 drops There are a number of ways to incorporate the essential oils listed above (and your staple Add ten drops total of the above essential oil blend to fall essential oils like cinnamon, nutmeg, and 20 milliliters (4 teaspoons) of sweet almond (Prunus eucalyptus) into your everyday routine to create an dulcis) oil and massage into the chest, back, and “immunity bubble,” so to speak. soles of the feet twice a day and once before bed.

High-tech solutions: I love the classic ambiance References and effectiveness of a simple candle diffuser, 1. Mossa, A. & Nawwar, G. (2011). Free radical scavenging and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of origanum majorana l. essential oil. but sometimes it’s nice to take advantage of the Hum Exp Toxicol, 30(10):1501-13. benefits of recent technology! Ultrasonic diffusers 2. Zohra, M. & Atika, F. (2011). Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Cistus ladaniferus L and Lavandula stoechas L. are powerful tools to diffuse oils for fall ambiance, International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3(1): 484- as well as cleansing the air from harmful bacteria 487. Retrieved from http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q= cache:0cgzpR33au0J:sphinxsai.com/Vol.3No.1/pharm_jan- and viruses. mar11/pdf/JM11%28PT%3D80%29%2520pp%2520484-487.

by Colleen Harte

Colleen Harte explores menopause and offers ideas on how to use aromatherapy to relieve some of the conditions that arise.

Menopause represents a time in a woman’s life They matter greatly as they have a very influential when her menstrual periods stop and her hormones effect on the body. The two main hormones to change and begin to deplete. These changes are consider are progesterone and estrogen. normal, natural and inevitable, so let’s embrace them! Menopause brings symptoms of hot flushes Progesterone – or “flashes” as they are sometimes referred too – Progesterone has various effects on the female vaginal dryness, aches, pains and signs of ageing. body: it increases libido; helps to prevent cancer These symptoms can be challenging to manage, of the uterus; protects against fibrocystic breast but there are brilliant health tools which we can use disease; maintains the endometrium; ensures the to help deal with menopause and all its trials. normal functioning of breast tissue to prevent breast cancer; stimulates the osteoblasts and helps with The standard medical approach to menopause is to the storage of calcium in bone, thus building new recommend hormone replacement therapy (HRT). bone; and strengthens skin elasticity. Progesterone HRT needs careful consideration by each individual is also a natural diuretic. It encourages the burning woman facing these decisions. Some women feel of fat and the use of stored energy. Progesterone is the risks that come with HRT are greater than the known to have a normalising effect on the clotting benefits. For example, if a woman takes HRT for process, looks after the foetus during pregnancy, more than five years, her risk of developing breast and is involved in the prevention of stress through cancer increases. There are also higher risks of hormonal pathways. Progesterone is present in wild developing blood clots. yams and is part of the realm of Phytotherapy.

Saying that, menopause does mean that the ovaries Estrogen cease to produce oestrogens and progesterone, Estrogen has the following effect on the body: it therefore, there is the need to replace their effects decreases libido; increases the risks of uterine with adequate nutrition for health and well-being. cancers; encourages the growth of the endometrium; This change in hormone levels can cause various slows down the re-absorption of old bone; side effects, namely; aches and pains, mood encourages salt and water retention in the body; swings, anxiety and insomnia. Not all women suffer and thins skin. Its excess produces depression these side effects, and some only suffer a few for a and headaches, increases blood clotting, and short time. It is so important to acknowledge that encourages fat storage in certain parts of the menopause is each woman’s individual journey and body. Estrogen is a steroid, and it encourages the that their experience of it is unique. Therefore, they development of the ovum and of the fertilised egg. should tackle their specific symptoms and use the best appropriate treatments they feel is best for them.

So why do these hormones matter…

Suggestions for the Symptoms of Menopause Insomnia Try putting five drops of organic lavender (Lavandula Hair Loss angustifolia) essential oil or organic petitgrain bigarde Female hair loss can occur due to hormonal (Citrus aurantium var. amara bigarde) essential oil imbalances, but not just hormonal imbalances due on a cotton pad and place it on your pillow, or on to pregnancy or menopause, we also have the stress your radiator in your bedroom. It is best to do this hormone, cortisol, which can seriously interfere twenty minutes before you go to bed in order to give with the thyroid hormones. Even if your thyroid the aroma a chance to circulate through the air in is functioning effectively stress and cortisol can which you will sleep. The therapeutic benefits of the negatively impact this vital gland causing anxiety, essential oils should aid with a better night’s sleep. depression, memory lapses and hair loss. Stress A good tip is to change the essential oil you use can be heightened when dealing with menopause, every week as your body can get used to the one so hair loss is very common as a symptom of essential oil, therefore becoming less effective over menopause. a period of time, but don’t panic - below is a list of organic essential oils you can use for this purpose. Firstly, addressing the cause is the best place to start when treating hair loss or fragile hair. Reducing stress is vital, and organic foods can help. Foods like pumpkin (Curcubita maxima), basil (Ocimum basilicum), almonds (Prunus dulcis), walnuts (Juglans nigra), wholegrain, seeds, beans and certain seafoods like mussels and oysters are all rich sources of omega 3, vitamins, minerals, and zinc, which is scientifically proven to help rebuild hair.

Aromatherapy, natural and organic plants and ingredients are wonderfully effective to repair, support, and maintain hair. Some of the most powerful ingredients include: aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), chamomile (Matricaria recutita), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), Tools to Tackle Insomnia lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), sea weed, You can make a blend of organic essential oils to pomegranate (Punica granatum), and argan oil help aid with a peaceful night’s sleep. By adding (Argania spinosa). drops of essential oils to an organic vegetable oil you can make a beautiful aromatherapy blend Bone Density for insomnia. You can choose from the following Care for your bones is vital as hormones start organic essential oils to make your blend: lavender to decrease, so a calcium supplement is highly (Lavandula angustifolia), clary sage (Salvia sclarea), recommended; however, consult a health petitgrain bigarde (Citrus aurantium var. amara professional in relation to both bone and joint bigarde), sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) ylang supplements in order to keep your body supple and ylang (Cananga odorata var. genuina) and neroli active. Lifestyle changes can also help here greatly. (Citrus aurantium var. amara flos). Daily walks are great for both your physical and mental health, so get your sneakers on and walk!

Insomnia Recipe 15 ml. Calendula oil (Calendula officinalis) 5 ml. St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) 2 drops Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 2 drops Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) 2 drops Ylang Ylang (Cananga odorata var. genuina)

Adore your Femininity Many women experience feelings of insecurity about their femininity during menopause. Neroli (Citrus aurantium var. amara flos), rose (Rosa damascena) and jasmine (Jasminum sambac) are intensely feminine oils. Neroli (Citrus aurantium var. amara flos) inspires confidence, rose (Rosa damascena) is good to use for the heart and jasmine (Jasminum sambac) is seductive. As these essential oils are diluted in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) oil they may be applied directly to the skin. To boost your sense of femininity, choose one of these essential oils as your daily perfume, and apply behind the ears and to the back of your wrists.

Dry Skin Spritz Recipe Create the perfect body oil for dry, lack lackluster 20 drops Rose (Rosa damascena) skin. Ensure that you always care for your neck when 20 drops Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) moisturizing, as it can sometimes be neglected. This blissful body oil and body spritz will not only fill 10 drops Geranium(Pelargonium graveolens) your skin with essential vitamins and minerals but it 100 ml. cooled boiled water smells glorious. Mix essential oils into water and fill your spritzer Body oil Blend bottle. Spritz body when required. 2 drops Rose (Rosa damascena) Tackle menopause with nature’s goodness in the 2 drops Neroli (Citrus aurantium var. amara flos) form of aromatherapy herbs and vitamins from our 1 drop Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) plants. You cannot stop menopause, nor should you 10 ml Sweet Almond oil (Prunus dulcis) want to. You should face it with a positive mental attitude. It is another chapter in the wonderful world of womanhood, and I like to call it, “Growing Old Gracefully.”

About Colleen Harte Colleen Harte is a Complementary Therapist and Clinical Aromatherapist, the founder and director of Lucy Annabella and LabAroma. To learn more about her work, please visit: http://www.labaroma. com/

Kelly shares an array of recipes to make with roll-on bottles.

I love every aspect of making an aromatherapy blend from start to finish: from choosing the specific essential oils and carrier base, testing the blend, inhaling the unique ‘blend of scents,’ and best of all – sharing in the joy of a happy client who loves the blend. It’s all so magical to be the creator of a unique aromatherapy blend! One aspect of aromatherapy blending that I find most enjoyable is choosing which type of vessel will house each particular blend. After all, without a container, the blend is just a recipe on blends are great to keep on hand when traveling, without a home! and they are kid-friendly for older children and teens to use during school hours. Roll-on bottles are the Would a bottle or jar be the best choice, and if so, perfect size for gift-giving and fit nicely into a small what type of applicator (mist spray or pump top) size organza drawstring bag. If you want to promote offers the most easy-to-use application of the blend? your products to clients and businesses, a roll-on A simple and unique way to apply aromatherapy applicator with a stress-relief or uplifting energy blends is with the use of a roll-on applicator. Roll- blend will allow individuals to sample a specific on applicators include a round ball that rolls when product without the added expense of giving away a applied to the skin. The applicator literally rolls on larger size of the same product. the product, whether it is a therapeutic essential oil blend, natural perfume anointment, or a lip and skin Roll-on bottles come in several different color care balm; all can be easily applied with a roll-on options; these include: amber, blue, green, clear applicator. and frosted glass. Plastic roll-on bottles can be found in white and clear. Bottle sizes and colors I make several different aromatherapy-based vary depending on each bottle supplier’s inventory products for use in smaller size bottles with a roll-on options. applicator. These include; natural perfumes, acu- point and meridian blends, chakra anointments, Let’s get “roll-in” with the aromatherapy blending aroma-therapeutic blends, and facial and body skin recipes. Below I will share some basic blends that care blends. I also make roll-on blends for use with can be used as local topical applications for muscle my animal friends. Roll-on applicators make for spasms, as well as certain auricular and acu-points easy use with dogs, horses and many farm animals, that can be useful for specific issues such as: especially on a busy working farm where accessibility headache, motion sickness, allergies and more! to a product can be challenging when a horse is turned out 24-7 on vast acreage. A couple of roll- With regard to auricular acu-points; the use of an on blends for skin and wound healing issues, and auricular chart (which depicts the acupuncture bug bite relief, can be easily carried in your overalls points located on the outer ear and ear lobe areas) and applied to the horse in the field versus hand- is most helpful. Even if you are not well-versed in walking the horse all the way back to the barn. Roll- © Copyright 2014 NAHA 58 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Roll-on Relief with Aromatherapy continued - Toothache and Jaw Relief 0.35 oz roll-on bottle Essential Oils: 2 drops lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 3 drops helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum) 2 drops sweet marjoram (Origanum marjorana) Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier oil. auricular points or acu-points on the body, applying Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically the blend to the outer ear ridge and ear lobe with to outer jaw area and use with a compress for gentle massage can be of great benefit as well. For toothache pain. If irritation occurs, discontinue use. more information on Auricular Aromatherapy please Auricular Acu-points: Shen Men, Toothache check the resources listed at the end of this article. Point(s) 1 or 2, Dental Analgesic Point(s) 1 or 2.

I like to use the 0.35 oz size roll-on bottle for the Motion Sickness Relief following aromatherapy blends: 0.35 oz roll-on bottle Essential Oils: Z-relief (Useful for Teen/Adult Acne, Pimple, 4 drops bergamot mint (Mentha citrata) Zits and Bug Bites) 0.35 oz roll-on bottle 3 drops ginger (Zingiber officinalis) Essential Oils: Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier 6 drops niaouli (Melaleuca viridiflora) oil. 4 drops lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 6 drops colloidal silver Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically Top off with distilled witch hazel (Hamamelis to acu-points and upper chest area. Inhale directly virginiana). from the bottle or on a tissue for use during travel by car, boat or airplane. If irritation occurs, discontinue Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically use. to pimple/s. If irritation occurs, discontinue use. Auricular Acu-points: Shen Men, Stomach Point, Auricular Acu-point/s: Master Skin Point, Urticaria Point Zero. Point. Anxiety Relief Headache Relief 0.35 oz roll-on bottle 0.35 oz roll-on bottle Essential Oils: Essential Oils: 4 drops neroli (Citrus aurantium var. amara) 3 drops peppermint (Mentha x piperita)* 4 drops melissa (Melissa officinalis) 2 drops sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier 3 drops sweet marjoram (Origanum marjorana) oil. Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier oil. *If there is sensitivity to menthol via the peppermint Application: Shake well before use. Apply to acu- essential oil, try lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) points and upper chest area. Inhale directly from essential oil. the bottle or on a tissue for use during anxiety or panic attack. If irritation occurs, discontinue use. Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically Auricular Acu-points: Shen Men, Tranquilizer to forehead and temple area. If irritation occurs, Point, Stress Control Point. discontinue use. Auricular Acu-points: Shen Men, Liver Point, Temple or Forehead Point/s.

Muscle Spasm Relief: to upper chest and neck area, bottoms of the feet 0.35 oz roll-on bottle and acu-points. If irritation occurs, discontinue use. Essential Oils: Auricular Acu-points: Sleep Disorder Points 1 and 6 drops lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) 2, Shen Men. 4 drops sweet marjoram (Origanum marjorana) Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier Allergy Relief (Useful for Allergies, Sneezing, oil. and Wheezing) 0.35 oz roll-on bottle Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically Essential Oils: to localized muscle spasm area(s) and acu-points. 2 drops frankincense serrata (Boswellia serrata) If irritation occurs, discontinue use. 2 drops clary sage (Salvia sclarea) Auricular Acu-points: Shen Men, Point Zero, and Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier local body acu-points in area of spasm. oil.

Adrenal Relief: (Useful for Burnout, Fatigue Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically and Chronic Stress) to upper chest and neck area. Inhale directly from 0.35 oz roll-on bottle the bottle or on a tissue during allergy attack. If Essential Oils: irritation occurs, discontinue use. 2 drops basil (Ocimum basilicum)* Auricular Acu-points: Allergy Points 1 and 2, Shen 3 drops geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) Men, Point Zero, Weather Point, Sneezing Control 2 drops bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Point. 1 drop ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier Respiratory Relief (Useful for Colds, oil. *If there is sensitivity or contraindications with Sinusitis, and Cough) basil essential oil, choose lavender (Lavandula 0.35 oz roll-on bottle angustifolia) or ginger (Zingiber officinalis) essential Essential Oils: oil. 3 drops eucalyptus (Eucalyptus radiata)* 3 drops ravensara (Ravensara aromatica) Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier to lower and mid back region, as well as acu-points. oil. *If there is sensitivity to eucalyptus oils, try If irritation occurs, discontinue use. cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) essential oil. Auricular Acu-points: Adrenal Gland Point 1, Kidney Point, Point Zero, Shen Men. Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically to upper chest and throat area, as well as acu- Sleep Relief points. Inhale directly from the bottle or from a 0.35 oz roll-on bottle tissue to help open breathing pathways. If irritation Essential Oils: occurs, discontinue use. 2 drops Roman chamomile Auricular Acu-points: Inner Nose Point, Frontal (Chamaemelum nobile)* Sinus Point, Forehead Point, Point Zero, Throat 2 drops lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Point, Lung Points 1 and 2. 2 drops sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier oil.*If there is sensitivity to Roman chamomile essential oil, choose sweet marjoram (Origanum marjorana) essential oil.

Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically

Romance Restore About Kelly Holland Azzaro 0.35 oz roll-on bottle Kelly Holland Azzaro is a Registered Aromatherapist, Essential Oils: Certified Clinical Aromatherapy Practitioner, 4 drops ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) Certified Bach Flower Practitioner, Licensed 2 drops tangerine (Citrus reticulata) Massage Therapist, Reiki Practitioner, Past Vice 1 drop jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorium) President and current Past President of National Top off with jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) carrier Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA). Kelly oil. has over 20 years professional experience in holistic aromatherapy, massage and energy therapies for Application: Shake well before use. Apply topically both people and their pets. She offers NCBTMB CEU to neck and chest area, and to body pulse points. Approved classes and offers certification courses Inhale directly from the bottle or from a tissue to in Animal Aromatherapy and Flower Essences. help relax the body-mind-spirit. If irritation occurs, Kelly is the Founder and Director of The Holistic discontinue use. Acu-points: body pulse point Animal Association Network-‘Supporting the Holistic areas: (nape of neck, ankles, back of knees and Healing Arts for People and Their Animal Friends.’ wrists), chakra centers: heart, solar plexus and root Her articles have been published in Massage chakra areas. Magazine, Holistic Dog Magazine, Dogs Naturally Magazine, Vita Danzare Journal and NAHA’s Resources: Aromatherapy Journal and numerous blogs. Auriculotherapy Manual; Chinese and Western Systems of Ear Acupuncture; Terrence Oleson, Ph.D.; 1992; Health Care Alternatives. Kelly, and her husband, Marco, who is a Licensed Acupuncturist and Qigong Practitioner have a NAHA Aromatherapy Journal 2011.3 Issue; Article: Auricular Aromatherapy; Azzaro, Anthony Marco and Holland Azzaro, Holistic Healing Center in the Blue Ridge Mountains Kelly. of North Carolina. To learn more, please visit our websites at: www.ashitherapy.com and NAHA Tele-conference: Auricular Aromatherapy-Ear Acu-points and Essential Oils; Kelly Holland Azzaro. www.holisticanimalassociation.com

Launches: Find an Aromatherapist/ Aromatherapy Company Resource.

Fresh off the press, NAHA’s Explore Aromatherapy booklet is a valuable resource for information on Aromatherapy, Essential Oils, Chemistry, Base Oils, Hydrosols, and Safety. This beautiful and informative booklet will be available to all members and will be included in membership packets as you renew.

You may also order booklets and place your label of contact information on the back cover. It will be an invaluable tool to continue educating the public and your clients/ customers on the benefits of aromatherapy.

Order Packets: 10 booklets $ 10.00 25 booklets $ 24.25 50 booklets $ 48.50 100 booklets $ 95.00

Plus shipping and handling. Shipping will be charged at cost for all international orders.

To order, please click here

or email: [email protected]

by Sharon Falsetto

Interview with an Aromatherapist is a feature of the NAHA Journal. In each issue, Sharon will introduce you to a different aromatherapist, herbalist or professional in the field in order to give you an insight into the working lives of others in the field of holistic health.

In this issue I introduce you to Kim Krost, who has composed an essential oil blend, among many Healing Arts Academy. I rely on several reference others, to help combat allergies. I would personally books; one in particular – Aromatherapy for Healing like to thank Kim for taking the time to answer the the Spirit… by Gabriel Mojay, has been invaluable. questions put to her in this interview and hope that In addition, I consult The Complete Guide to you, the reader, can draw both knowledge and Aromatherapy by Salvatore Battaglia every time I inspiration from Kim’s answers! develop a new product. Though I have not had the privilege to meet the authors, I am forever grateful • What inspired you to start your journey into for their knowledge and assistance. becoming a Registered Aromatherapist (RA)? An essential oil reference guide was given to me • You practice several therapies, apart from about the time that my holistic bodywork career aromatherapy, including massage therapy, began. I happily spent many hours researching reflexology and lymphatic drainage therapy. the healing properties of essential oils. After some Tell us a bit about these modalities and why you experimentation, I was happy to understand how like to combine them. effective essential oil products were for common health issues. It didn’t take long before I was hooked In a typical session I use several holistic bodywork and wanted to obtain professional certification – therapies including: Lymphatic Drainage Therapy, and add aromatherapy to my wellness practice. Reflexology and Natural Reflex Therapy®. All three My clients were, and continue to be, willing and of these modalities work to normalize and balance active participants in the development of all of the the neuro-lymphatic sensors within the body. Natural aromatherapy products our company sells. Reflex Therapy® is a modality that can profoundly affect the parasympathetic system very quickly. • Who have been the most influential people in Clients are able to achieve many of their wellness your life in regard to this journey? goals through a combination of these modalities. An added bonus is that aromatherapy is even more Jade Shutes was my first teacher. Her long distance effective after a lymphatic session. course was the first step in the Aromatherapy Registration Council (ARC) testing requirements • Tell us a little bit about your experiences using and the East West School curriculum was helpful in essential oils for allergies. preparing me for the board exam. I have since taken Allergies are becoming more prevalent. They are other long distance classes with East West School even becoming a health issue for individuals that and with Shanti Dechen of the Aroma Apothecary have never experienced an allergy before. Some © Copyright 2014 NAHA 64 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 - Interview with Aromatherapists: Kim Krost continued - sources estimate that one out of five Americans Only one drop is applied to the wrist every four hours suffer each year with allergies to airborne pollen.1 as needed. My first experience with making an aromatherapy product for allergies was for cedar allergies. Cedar We do have a version for children and pets. Last and juniper are very common in the United States. year we also introduced a homeopathic version About seventy species of juniper exist and grow called Cedar X Formula®. It comes in a tasteless densely throughout our country and pollinate during liquid form that is safer to use with those who have the months of November through March/April. Cedar had allergy shots, are elderly, pregnant, nursing, or allergies are common in the Texas hill country. This for those weighing less than forty pounds. area is covered with juniper and many individuals suffer the effects of cedar allergies for the entire It is pretty easy to spot someone who is experiencing four-month period. Symptoms include: congestion, cedar allergies because they are miserably ill – and sneezing, coughing, headache, fatigue, respiratory it shows. Cedar X® customers know the signs and difficulties, sleeplessness, runny nose, post-nasal are happy to help fellow sufferers. Here are a few drip, and occasionally even fever. stories:

• What is Cedar X®? What are some of the “Some nice person at Starbucks saw me blowing ingredients of this product and how does it my nose and asked if I would like to try a drop on my work? Can you use the product with children wrist and in just a few minutes I was already feeling and pets? better. My boss bought everyone on the work crew In 2000 I began working on an essential oil blend a bottle.” for cedar fever and named it Cedar X®. We’ve since trademarked Cedar X® in the United States and “My doctor told me about it and gave me a sample.” Japan. Last year we created a homeopathic product using the same holistic methods. Our customers “A lady at my church buys a whole bunch of it every love the natural simplicity of essential oils and are year and gives it to anyone who is sick.” always pleased when they are able to find quick affordable relief without side effects. “A retired policeman takes samples to all of the sub-stations and leaves it in the break room with Cedar X® is a topically applied product made from information about where to get it.” a holistic blend of essential oils such as Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica), bergamot (Citrus bergamia), “We saw one of your customers talking about how black spruce (Picea mariana), may chang it had helped his whole family on the news and (Litsea cubeba), and Moroccan blue chamomile wanted to try it.” (Tanacetum annuum), blended together in a base of sweet almond oil (Prunus amygdalus dulcis) (Note: The heart-warming stories of total strangers passing these are not the full ingredients of the blend). it on have helped me to keep the faith, even in years when I don’t make a dime and have to stay up half I wish I could explain exactly why or how it works! the night filling bottles to keep up with the demand. Our bodies are so immensely complex that I would We’re hoping that those hard times will soon be imagine, even in this age, we only know a fraction behind us. Last year we sold a record 8,000 bottles of what is happening when the body shifts from of Cedar X® and will be selling to one of the largest illness to homeostasis. As I see it, my job as an grocery chains in the United States in 2014/15, aromatherapist is to create an essential oil blend that in addition to our over seventy loyal vendors at shows, or guides, the body’s healing mechanism to vitamin, health food stores, doctors offices, kennels, cut through the confusion of an illness and provide a compounding pharmacies and more. clear direction toward wellness. Blending holistically (Mind, Body and Spirit) honors the complexity of the • You have formulated over fifty botanically body and has been an effective blending technique based products that you now sell through your for allergies. The Cedar X® product is used topically. business of Integrative Healing Institute®. Who

– or what – is the inspiration for these products? exam and become a Registered Aromatherapist. Our customers and clients are a great source of Study with different teachers and learn from as inspiration, as well as our friends, family and pets. many experts as possible through their books; read Our institute is quite large, so we do business with a the NAHA Aromatherapy Journal and publications lot of people already interested in pursuing a more from other countries. natural, holistic route to wellness. Thankfully, these individuals are always happy to be part of a testing References group for any new products. 1. Seasonal Allergies; http://www.healthline.com/health/ allergies/seasonal-allergies#1 • Do you have a favorite essential oil? What are your recommended uses for this essential oil? About Kim Krost My favorite essential oil changes as I change, Kim Krost is a native of San Antonio, Texas and but today I would say that rose (all species) is my the owner of the Integrative Healing Institute®, favorite essential oil. Rose is complex with the a unique wellness center providing a peaceful, amazing energy to beautify the physical body, to uplifting environment for therapeutic treatments and bring comfort to the spiritual body, and to heal the wellness classes. heart on an energetic level. Ms. Krost is a Registered Aromatherapist®, teaches • Do you have any advice for those considering wellness classes, and has a private practice that a career in aromatherapy? includes: Lymphatic Drainage Therapy, Reflexology Those considering a career in aromatherapy should and Natural Reflex Therapy®, a technique that helps understand the laws where they live. Some states to balance endocrine system function by stimulation require practitioners to be a massage therapist or of the neuro-lymphatic points in the body. nurse in order to practice aromatherapy. Understand your strengths and weaknesses. If you are not in Integrative Healing Institute® wellness products are the wellness field consider how you are going to available online, at http://www.integrativehealingsa. make this career work. Remember to round out your com/ and from authorized vendors. Contact Kim knowledge by becoming familiar with marketing and Krost via email at [email protected] or the practical, business side of a wellness practice. at her website http://www.integrativehealingsa.com/ Consider doing an internship with someone who is reputable and successful in the alternative wellness field. If you decide you want to pursue aromatherapy About Sharon Falsetto as a career, go all the way and become accredited. Sharon Falsetto is a UK-certified clinical Take the Aromatherapy Registration Council (ARC) aromatherapist, who trained with Penny Price Aromatherapy. She moved to the United States in 2006 and successfully founded an online aromatherapy business, Sedona Aromatherapie. Sharon personally creates custom blends for individual requests, therapists, spas, weddings, and private label. She has written, and tutors, a home study aromatherapy certification program – including the new Certification in Professional Aromatherapy course – in addition to several shorter courses on making bath and body products. Sharon’s unique skill is professional writing, specifically for aromatherapy-related businesses, and she offers a professional writing service to this effect. Her first aromatherapy book, Authentic Aromatherapy, was published in January 2014. You can visit Sharon’s website at: www.sedonaaromatherapie.com

© Copyright 2014 NAHA 66 Aromatherapy Journal Autumn 2014.3 NAHA Marketplace AROMATHERAPY COMPANIES Ashi Aromatics Inc. Amrita Aromatherapy Inc Over 100 Holistically formulated aromtherapy Amrita is the only certified-organic aromatherapy products, therapeutic massage blends, facial company in the U.S. Amrita is run by therapists for and body skin care line, feng shui and chakra therapists. NEW certified-organic oils: Himalayan anointments and animal aromatherapy-All Cedar, Lemongrass, Citronella, East Indian Natural Products for People and Their Animals Sandalwood, Vetiver and much more. Certified- Friends. PETA Approved Cruelty-free Vegan. organic perfumes. All oils GC verified. Can supply Retail / Wholesale / Professional Discounts. any oil in a certified-organic version upon request. Online Classes in Animal Aromatherapy and Now in its 23rd year, Amrita was founded by master Flower Essences for Animals. Nationally aromatherapist Dr. Christoph Streicher. Full line of approved CE courses available for Licensed nebulizing diffusers. 100% natural, chemical-free Massage Therapists. Sign up for our free skin care. Newsletter. http://amrita.net/ www.ashitherapy.com

Arlys Naturals Birch Hill Happenings Aromatherapy, ARLYS specializes in 100% pure essential oils, LLC We have 100% Pure Essential oils for absolutes, synergies, hydrosols, carrier oils use in Therapeutic Aromatherapy. Also a large and more for the novice to the professional. An selection of aromatherapy supplies including “aromatic oasis” for the senses as you shop for carrier oils and unscented personal care base professional grade natural skin and body care products, many styles of diffusers, charts and products, diffusers, herbal teas, books, soaps, decoders, bottles and more. Your One Stop music, perfumery, and supplies. All distinctive Aromatherapy shop! Questions answered and aromatherapy products to enhance your health Consultations by e-mail. Easy ordering and and well-being. Sign up for our free online monthly shipping. Fast friendly service. Sign up to get newsletter. Online Catalog Only. Retail/Wholesale our monthly newsletter and tips. www.ArlysNaturals.com www.birchhillhappenings.com

AromaWeb AromaWeb provides over 450 pages of essential JennScents Aromatherapy and carrier oil profiles, a vast aromatherapy article Provides 100% pure, therapeutic products (pre- library, recipes, book reviews and directories of made and custom blends), 100% pure essential aromatherapy retailers, wholesalers, educators oils, carriers and aromatherapy accessories and distillers. Over 3.5 million page views annually. at wholesale and retail. Offers Aromatherapy AromaWeb can play a powerful role in promoting Certification Courses live and via DVD, your business. Reach thousands of consumers, Massage Therapy CEU, Aromatherapy Support aromatherapy enthusiasts and professionals. Material such as Aromatherapy Business Guide Advertising opportunities available. NAHA and JennScents Recipe Guides for humans and Members: Save 10% on your new business listing pets. or banner advertising purchase by mentioning www.jennscents.com NAHA. Email for details. www.aromaweb.com

Morning Mysts Botanicals Time Laboratories Morning Myst Botanics: DIRECT FROM THE Since 1972, Time Laboratories has been a leading DISTILLER. We offer Artisan Crafted, Certified manufacturer of aromatherapy products, nutritional Organic Hydrosols and Essential Oils. We supplements, and specially formulated herbal personally distill over 30 varieties of hydrosols compounds. Windrose Aromatics, our authentic in small batches on our beautiful copper alembic aromatherapy line, offers a wide selection of Pure stills. Our Hydrosols are incredibly fresh and and Genuine GC/MS analyzed Essential Oils, aromatically vibrant. Wholesale quantities only, expertly blended pure Essential Oil Combinations, with a gallon minimum order and discounts on and patented Ultra Jet System Diffusers. Buy direct quantities of 5 gallons or more. We have samples from the manufacturer and save (retail/wholesale/ of our quality hydrosols available upon request. health professional discounts available). Private label and custom product development services www.morningmystbotanics.com available. www.timelabs.com New Directions Aromatics Certified organic processor offering pure essential oils for therapeutic use. Discover hard to find oils and natural products including AROMATHERAPY SCHOOLS & wild crafted and conventional types. You will CORRESPONDENCE COURSES be amazed at our extensive line of carrier oils, extracts, absolutes, ayurvedics, cosmetic and soap bases, specialty packaging and much Aromahead Institute School of Essential more. Purchasing directly from distilleries Oil Studies and producers worldwide enables us to offer Instructor: Andrea Butje. Learn online or in person. premium quality products at wholesale pricing. 200 hour NAHA approved Certification Program ISO certified with a knowledgeable and friendly (level 1 and 2 covered in a single course). Improve customer service and a 100% customer your skills and advance the Aromatherapy Profession satisfaction guarantee. by completing Aromahead’s Scholar’s Program, www.newdirectionsaromatics.com a 400 hour certification consisting of advanced aromatherapy chemistry, therapeutic blending, business skills, teacher training. and incorporating a Sedona Aromatherapie wider range of essential oils. Classes approved for Sedona Aromatherapie creates custom Massage Therapy CEU’s in Florida, New York and aromatherapy blends and skincare products by the National Certification Board for Therapeutic for weddings, spas, therapists or the individual, Massage and Bodywork (NCBTMB). in addition to offering beginner aromatherapy www.aromahead.com courses in skincare and product making through online and distance learning aromatherapy courses (NAHA approved). English certified clinical aromatherapist Sharon Falsetto also offers professional services for copy and web content writing, ghost writing and blogging, course writing and newsletters, designed to meet the needs of your aromatherapy business! E-mail me for a custom quote on any service/ product! www.sedonaaromatherapie.com

East-West School for Herbal & Institute of Integrative Aromatherapy Aromatic Studies Boulder, CO Instructor: Jade Shutes The Integrative Aromatherapy® Certificate The EWSHAS is a WA state approved post- Program, established in 1998, provides a secondary educational facility offering Foundations, nationally recognized professional and clinical Advanced Graduate certificate programs in Holistic distance learning program that includes and Clinical Aromatherapy. Classes are offered one- to-one mentoring with the expert nurse throughout the United States, including Seattle, aromatherapist, Laraine Kyle Pounds, RN, WA, New York, NY, St. Louis, MO and Chapel Hill, BSN, MSN, CMT. This extensive program NC. The school features a NEW Online Organic includes the basics as well as specialized Body Care Products Certification program and a essential oil applications for holistic and comprehensive Online program on the Aromatic integrative healthcare. This program has been Chemistry: By and For the Aromatherapist. Other nationally endorsed by NAHA for Levels I and II, specialized certification programs include: Aromatic and approved for educational contact hours for Applications for the Skin and the Dynamics of nurses and massage therapists through AHNA Blending. Jade also offers a range of Reference and NCBTMB. manuals. Approved for Massage Therapy CE hours in Florida and Nationally through NCBTMB. www.aroma-rn.com/ www.theida.com

Institute of Integrative Aromatherapy Institute of Integrative Aromatherapy: The Certificate Program in Integrative Aromatherapy offers a very comprehensive, clinical and holistic focused, correspondence course for health professionals and non-professionals. You will be personally mentored by author and Holistic Nurse Aromatherapist, Valerie Cooksley. The certification is fully endorsed by the AHNA, NCBTMB and NAHA (Level I and II). Contact hours available for Nurses and Massage therapists. Contact: Valerie Cooksley, RN OCN, FAAIM.

http://www.floramedica.com/

NAHA Aromatherapy Journal www.naha.org

Aromatherapy Thymes www.aromatherapythymes.com

Aromatherapy Today Journal www.aromatherapytoday.com

International Journal of Clinical Aromatherapy www.ijca.net

International Journal of Professional Holistic Aromatherapy www.ijpha.com

International Federation of Professional Aromatherapists www.ifparoma.org

Disclaimer: NAHA and the NAHA Editorial Board cannot accept responsibility or liability for the information contained in the NAHA Aromatherapy Journal/E-Booklets or on the NAHA Website. The information is shared for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose or take the place of professional healthcare. The opinions expressed by the authors in this journal or NAHA’s e-booklets do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NAHA.

Please consult your health care practitioner if you are pregnant or have been diagnosed with any serious healthcare problems before using essential oils. Keep all aromatherapy products out of reach of children and pets. Before using essential oils and aromatherapy products please consult with a professional aromatherapist.

NAHA asks that all authors and contributors include information on safe use of essential oils and clearly define each essential oil’s common name and Latin binomial(s). NAHA has the right to accept or reject any articles, advertisements or content submitted. NAHA website is a resource-full area for information on Aromatherapy Safety, Applications and Uses. www.naha.org

Arizona: California: Colorado: Sharon Falsetto, CA, BA (Hons) Deborah Halvorson, RA Shanti Dechen, CCAP, LMT (928) 239-4785 (714) 955-9264 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.learnaroma.com www.sedonaaromatherapie.com

Connecticut: Florida (South): Florida (Central): Belinda Davis Murano, BS, Susan Stype Jennifer Hochell Pressimone CHHC (954) 523-9513 (352) 243-9627 (860) 304-1645 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.arlysnaturals.com www.jennscents.com

Idaho: Maine: Maryland: Annette Davis, CN Diane Braybrook, MA (877) 470-8400 (207) 930-5979 Rose Chard, LMT (443) 292-4396 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.timelabs.com www.essentialsforyou.com www.yourbodyneeds.com

Michigan: Minnesota: Nevada: Lissa Hilton, RA Karen Norland Lisa Browder, ICA, CR (616) 928-4900 (218) 280-1822 (702) 425-0780 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.silvercreekaromatherapy.com www.scentsibility.net

New Jersey: New Mexico: New York: Cherisse Gigli, RN, BSN, RA, Connie Henry, PhD, ND, CPH, Katherine Graf CCAP RN, CADS (845) 651-1225 (973) 790-1364 (505) 343-0552 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.aromastudio.com www.bodymindspiritplace.com

North Carolina: Ohio: Oregon: Kelly Holland Azzaro, RA, George Cox Angela Sidlo CCAP, LMBT Belleville (419) 886-3736 (503) 338-9921 (828) 898-5555 Cleveland (216) 577-2720 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.reflexology-works.com www.ashitherapy.com www.naturaloptions.us

Pennsylvania: Rhode Island: South Carolina: Liz Fulcher, RA, CMT Lesley A Wooler, RA Susan Cannon, RA, RYT [email protected] (401) 295-1140 (864)-292-9691 www.aromaticwisdominstitute.com theherbwyfe.com [email protected] www.herbwyfe.com

Tennessee: Texas: Virginia: Jessie Hawkins Valerie Cooksley, RN, OCN, Keren Dolan, BA (615)-807-0882 FAAIM, CERT (703) 468-1241 [email protected] (218) 516-2561 [email protected] www.JessieHawkins.com [email protected] www.floramedica.com

Oklahoma Washington: Wyoming: N.Kay Owens Ann Harman Haly JensenHof, MA, RA (509) 722-3150 (307) 532-6145 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.botannicals.com www.yourhealthscents.com

Canada: Canada: Taiwan: Wendy Johnson, IIA Dr. Vivian Lunny, MD, RA, Henry Chang (808) 828-6290 MDMA, FIFA [email protected] [email protected] (604) 868-4855 www.aromaharvest.com.tw/ [email protected] www.realessencesoflife.com

NEW DIRECTORS!

Seoul, Korea: Burlington, VT: Lockport, NY Yongmoo Shin Leyla Bringas Timothy Miller, ND, RA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] +82 10 5566 8181 (cell phone) www.lunaroma.com www.timothymillernd.com www.hasap.kr

Volunteer to become an active member of the aromatherapy community.

Learn how, San Diego, CA: Atlanta, GA: write to us at: Anna Doxie Roz Zollinger [email protected] 404.303.0007 [email protected] [email protected] www.healcenteratlanta.com/

Building Strength through Community and Education

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