Per Israelson, Ecologies of the Imagination. Theorizing the Participatory Aesthetics of the Fantastic. Department of Culture

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Per Israelson, Ecologies of the Imagination. Theorizing the Participatory Aesthetics of the Fantastic. Department of Culture Samlaren Tidskrift för forskning om svensk och annan nordisk litteratur Årgång 138 2017 I distribution: Eddy.se Svenska Litteratursällskapet REDAKTIONSKOMMITTÉ: Berkeley: Linda Rugg Göteborg: Lisbeth Larsson Köpenhamn: Johnny Kondrup Lund: Erik Hedling, Eva Hættner Aurelius München: Annegret Heitmann Oslo: Elisabeth Oxfeldt Stockholm: Anders Cullhed, Anders Olsson, Boel Westin Tartu: Daniel Sävborg Uppsala: Torsten Pettersson, Johan Svedjedal Zürich: Klaus Müller-Wille Åbo: Claes Ahlund Redaktörer: Jon Viklund (uppsatser) och Sigrid Schottenius Cullhed (recensioner) Biträdande redaktör: Annie Mattsson och Camilla Wallin Bergström Inlagans typografi: Anders Svedin Utgiven med stöd av Vetenskapsrådet och Sven och Dagmar Saléns Stiftelse Bidrag till Samlaren insändes digitalt i ordbehandlingsprogrammet Word till [email protected]. Konsultera skribentinstruktionerna på sällskapets hemsida innan du skickar in. Sista inläm- ningsdatum för uppsatser till nästa årgång av Samlaren är 15 juni 2018 och för recensioner 1 sep- tember 2018. Samlaren publiceras även digitalt, varför den som sänder in material till Samlaren därmed anses medge digital publicering. Den digitala utgåvan nås på: http://www.svelitt.se/ samlaren/index.html. Sällskapet avser att kontinuerligt tillgängliggöra även äldre årgångar av tidskriften. Svenska Litteratursällskapet tackar de personer som under det senaste året ställt sig till för- fogande som bedömare av inkomna manuskript. Svenska Litteratursällskapet PG: 5367–8. Svenska Litteratursällskapets hemsida kan nås via adressen www.svelitt.se. isbn 978–91–87666–37–7 issn 0348–6133 Printed in Lithuania by Balto print, Vilnius 2018 156 · Recensioner av doktorsavhandlingar hemma, men också om att synliggöra relevanta trå- valet av anakronismen som historiografisk utgångs- dar bakåt. Holmqvist skriver alltså in sin undersök- punkt hade kunnat problematiseras ytterligare er- ning i litteraturvetenskap och transstudier, ställer bjuder förhållningssättet unika möjligheter att tala transläsningen i relation till queerstudier och ar- om historiska företeelser på ett språk som nutiden betar intersektionellt. Men hur är det med andra förstår och att sätta ord på praktiker som funnits linjer, till exempelvis feministisk litteraturkritik men ännu inte benämnts. Holmqvists ”historie- och Gay and Lesbian Studies? Det förblir en smula nära anakronism” har potential att fungera fortsatt oklart hur Holmqvist placerar sin egen forskning produktiv just för den normkritiska forskning som vetenskapshistoriskt i relation till tidigare identi- både vill undersöka gårdagen och påverka morgon- tetspolitiska och identitetshistoriska projekt. dagen. Transformationer rymmer två stora avslöjanden; Trots att Sam Holmqvists avhandling ingalunda för det första att det fortfarande finns så mycket är invändningsfri förtjänar den verkligen epitetet ogjort kring 1800-talslitteraturen, och för det pionjärarbete. Det här är en studie som öppnar ett andra att litteraturen på avgörande sätt kan bidra nytt perspektiv i svensk litteraturhistorisk forsk- till att stärka levande, verkliga personer i deras iden- ning; som synliggör en tidigare undanskymd tra- titetsskapande och frigörelse. Avhandlingen utgör dition och insisterar inte bara på litteraturens sam- därmed ytterligare ett tungt vägande bevis för att hällspolitiska roll, utan även på dess avgörande be- relationen mellan litteratur, liv och samhälle stän- tydelse i enskilda människors liv. Ur det tidigare digt behöver undersökas på nytt och att litteratur- osedda skriver Holmqvist fram en berättelse om historisk forskning, för att förbli relevant, måste transgörande som också visar sig rymma identitets- laddas med de nya frågor och perspektiv som till- skapande och emancipatoriska möjligheter. Däri- varons föränderlighet väcker. genom lyckas hen säga någonting väsentligt nytt även om ett så väl genomforskat verk som Drott- Åsa Arping ningens juvelsmycke. I växelverkan mellan skönlitteratur, vetenskap och självbiografiska berättelser synliggör Holm- Per Israelson. Ecologies of the Imagination: Theo- qvist också nya kretslopp och påverkansvägar, dia- rizing the Participatory Aesthetics of the Fantastic. loger mellan genrer och konstarter. Dessutom på- Department of Culture and Aesthetics, Stockholm börjar hen en de marginaliserades läsarhistoria, University. Stockholm 2017. som i många fall handlar om att finna möjlighe- ter till spegling och identifikation, varhelst sådan Ecologies of the Imagination, as Per Israelson tells står till buds. us in the introduction, argues that “an ecological Holmqvist skriver vidare inom en emancipa- function of media, genres and texts is necessary torisk tradition men går emot den gren som häv- to the world building of the fantastic. As the fan- dar att bara det förebildliga och subversiva är värt tastic focuses on the creation of other worlds, it is uppmärksamhet. Även i texter präglade av en kon- an aesthetics of coming into being, of ontogene- servativ samhällssyn finns sprickor och identifika- sis” (11). This wordontogenesis is a key word in the tionsmöjligheter. Genom ett brett transbegrepp dissertation, indicating the author’s focus on be- och skönlitterära texter som spänner över genre- coming rather than being, which follows a tradi- gränser och mellan radikalt och reaktionärt und- tion that can be traced through avant-garde art, viker Holmqvist både idealisering och stigmatise- postmodernism, deconstruction, and finally post- ring, samtidigt som maktperspektivet är ständigt humanism. Posthumanism, in fact, is the guiding närvarande. philosophy of this dissertation, which might ulti- Holmqvists avhandling problematiserar hur lit- mately be described as a posthumanist approach to teraturvetare vanligen närmar sig skönlitterära tex- understanding the genre of fantasy. Conversely, the ter, med misstänksamhet, och hur litteraturhistoria author seems to suggest that fantasy has as much brukar skrivas, som hjälteberättelser. Med ett stort to teach us about posthumanism as posthumanism mått av pragmatism navigerar hen i en rik flora av teaches us about fantasy. I will note here that the au- tidigare forskning och stundtals svårförenliga teo- thor is careful to distinguish posthumanism from retiska perspektiv, med inställningen att utgångs- transhumanism, noting that transhumanism is ulti- punkterna och frågorna är det som styr. Även om mately a humanist and anthropocentric enterprise, Recensioner av doktorsavhandlingar · 157 while posthumanism is a philosophy that seeks to argument is that the fantastic is a special genre, if unseat humanism from its position of privilege. it is indeed a genre at all. Why is it special? Not Beginning with the introduction, much of this only does the fantastic, like all fiction in general, work is guided by Tzvetan Todorov’s influential provide a site for investigating the idea of “distrib- book, The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Lit- uted agency,” but the genre of fantasy itself “explic- erary Genre (1973). What Israelson finds most use- itly highlights and … operationalizes the ontogen- ful in Todorov’s work is the description of fantasy esis of media, genres and texts” (14). This is the key as “a hesitation,” a hermeneutic uncertainty that argument of the dissertation, which is borne out occurs in the face of the unexplainable. This hesi- in four chapters that investigate an eclectic mix of tation is evident when faced with Don Francisco media objects. Goya’s strange collection of etchings called Los Ca- The first chapter takes on the comic book series prichos, which inhabit a liminal world between The Unwritten, by Mike Carey and Peter Gross, sleep and waking, image and text. Los Caprichos published between 2009 and 2015. The Unwritten provokes and embodies hermeneutic hesitation. serves as a test case of sorts, to demonstrate how As this example demonstrates, the dissertation media can act as an ecosystem, how genre can be aims to extend Todorov’s conception of “hesita- conceived as part of an ecological framework, and tion” beyond nineteenth-century literature, and in- how text can be conceived as a participatory eco- deed beyond the confines of the fantasy story itself. system. In all of this, the whale – yes, the whale – It also aims to expand Iser’s reader-response theory looms large. – which is central to Todorov’s approach – well To make the argument about media functioning beyond the reader. In Israelson’s terms, “Todorov’s as an ecosystem, Israelson delves deeper into the cy- definition can then explain how texts, as well as me- bernetic and neo-cybernetic theories mentioned dia and genres, also always involve material partic- already. Here, the The Unwritten comic book se- ipation” (12). It is this move from the body of the ries in both form and content serves as a conspic- text to the body of the reader, and then a leap to uous example of how this ecosystem manifests it- other bodies in the environment – or as Bruno La- self. The ecosystem in question is not just an inter- tour would call them, agential actors – that charac- play of form and content, but a distributed, partic- terizes Israelson’s theory of media ecology. ipatory emergence of text and body. This is where Another way of describing this network of par- Mark Hansen’s concept of System-Environment- ticipation is by means of cybernetic or neo-cyber- Hybrids, or SEH, comes into play. SEH reworks netic theorization. Hence, creeping secretly be- cybernetic theory to suggest an ecology in which neath this dissertation are the relentless, non-hi- closed
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