SUPPORTING ELEMENTS for the COMPREHENSIVE PLAN tBQ~~7m co, Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 6 Planning Process ...... 6

NATURALRESOURCE ELEMENT ...... 7 Overview ...... 7 Slope Characteristics ...... 7 Prime Agricultural and Forest Land ...... 7 PiedmontPlateau Province ...... 8 Plant and Anniial Habitats ...... 10 Water Resources and Wetlands ...... 11 Overview ...... 11 SaludaRiver Basin...... 11 Broad River Basin ...... 12 CongareeRiver Basin ...... 12 F&to River Basin ...... 12 Soils ...... 14

CULTURAL RESOURCES ELEMENT ...... I.7 Overview ...... 17 City of Cayce ...... 17 CityofWestColumbia...... 18 Townofhmo ...... 18 Town of Batesburg-Leesville...... 19 TownofLexhrgton ...... 19 TownofChapin ...... 19 Town of Springdale...... I 9 Town of Swansea...... 20 Townsof SouthCongaree and Pine Ridge ...... 20 TownofGilbert ...... 20 Town of Pelion ...... 20 TownofSummit ...... 21 Htstorlc Districts ...... 21 Sal&a FactoryHistoric District ...... 2 1 New BrooklandHistoric District ...... 21 BatesburgCommercial Historic District ...... 21 ChurchStreet Historic District...... 21 LeesvilleCollege Historic District ...... 2 1 Unique or Significant Natural Areas and views ...... 22 RiverbanksBotanical Garden ...... 22

1 COMMUNITY FACILITIES ELEMENT ...... 23 Major Public Water Systems...... 23 ServiceAreas andTreatment Capacity ...... 23 0 Wastewater ...... 24 ServiceArea andTreatment Capacity ...... 24 Transportation ...... 25 HighwayNetwork ...... 25 Transit‘ Network...... 27 Rail Network ...... ,Grports ...... ;: Othertmnsportation modes ...... 27 Solid Waste ...... 27 Collection...... 28 Disposal...... 28 Public Safety ...... 29 FireProtection and Emergency Management Systems ...... 29 Law Enforcement and Detention Facilities ...... 29 Recreation ...... 31 Parks ...... Education ...... 2 Schools...... 33 Museums ...... 33 L.exingtonCountyMuseu ...... 33 CayceMuseum ...... 35 Libraries ...... 35 Government Facilities ...... 35 Administration...... 35 Public Works ...... 36 Health ...... 36 Social Services ...... 36 POPULATION ELEMENT ...... 37 Historic Trends and Projections ...... 37 Overview ...... 37 Age ...... 38 Race ...... 38 Sex ...... 38 Migration...... 38 HouseholdNumbersand Sizes...... 39 EducationalLevels ...... 39 IncomeCharacteristics ...... 39 l ,HealthCharacteristics...... 40

2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ELEMENT ...... 41 Labor Force ...... 41 0 Lexington County Unemployment Rate ...... 41 HOUSING ELEMENT ...... 45

LAND USE ELEMENT ...... 49 Overvlew ...... 49 Residential...... 49 Commercial...... 5 1 industrial...... 51 IllStitUfiOd ...... I51 Future Land Use Patterns ...... 51 Residential...... 52 commercial...... 52 hdustial ...... 52 Institutional...... 52 INDEX ...... 53

APPENDIX A ...... 56

0 APPENDMB ...... 57 Introduction Thereis a listingofplanning Goals and Objectives for LexingtonCounty. They come from a consolidationof all Sincethe turnof thecentury, comprehensive plans in thepreviouspoliciesadoptedforme variousplanningareas Qh e United Stateshave gone by a numberofnames such ofthe County aswell asthe inclusion of new needsand ascity plan, developmentplan, UrbanpIan,master plan, issueswhich havearisen in recentyears. These goals can growthmanagement plan, genera! plan, land use plan, and be changed at any time through amendmentof this policy plan. Although the titles havechanged, the basic ordinance.County Council may make changesin the intent has remained the same: to provide an official implementationstrategies listed beside each item at any documentadopted by the appropriatelocal government regularly scheduledmeeting with the Department of that servesas a guidefor policy decisionsrelating to the Planningand Development responsible for maintainingthe physicaldevelopment of thecommunity currentstatus ofthese strategies. This document is the latest in a long line of Thisdocument is thelatest compilation of information comprehensiveplans that havebeen developed for the relative to population,economic development, natural County of Lexington. The purposeand intent of the msmrces,culhm! resources,community facilities, housing Lexington County ComprehensivePlan is to provide a andland use. It is theresponsibility of the Departmentof vision and cleardirection for the countyas it growsand Planningand Developmentto keepthis information as mahues.In 1994the General Assemblypassedthe South currentas possible for useby CountyCouncil, the Planning CarolinaLocal Government Comprehensive Planning Act, Commission, al! County departments,other public commonlyknown asthe enabling act. agencies,and the genera! public. This data is to helpanyone This legislation was designedto accomplishtwo in the public or private sectorto make more informed objectives. First, it consolidates existing planning decisions,to includeinvestment decisions. To expedite legislationfound t!rroug!aout the code into a singlesource andimprove the accessto this data,all information is to document.Second, it updatesthe old law with modem be maintainedin a digital as well aspaper format, with lan,augethat considerscurrent planning practices, tools, accessover theintemet utilizedwhere possible. am ethodologiesand proceduresfor local government planning. It statesthat al! public agencieswith active planningprograms “must make their ordinances and plans Planning Process conformwith theprovisions of theAct by May 3,1999”. In orderto accomplishthis deadhne,the staff of the This comprehensiveland use plan is theresul t of input LexingtonCounty Planning and Development Commission fiomeachoft!remunicipa!itiesandvariousotberinterested beganto updatetheir comprehensiveplan in 1997.The parties.Themunicipahtiesreviewedthe various sections planseeks to createa strongand vibrant Lexington County thatdealt with theirindividual information and submitted by encouragingorderly developmentwhile creatinga amendeddata where they choseto do so. Each of the healthy environmentand a prosperouseconomy. By municipalitiesseparately prepared a comprehensiveplan accomplishing new growth in areasthat can sustain under the sameenabling act during this time. Where additionaldevelopment, the plan endeavorsto preserve appropriate Lexington County data is compared or resourcesand to build strongcommunities based on an contrastedto other SouthCarolina counties. Obviously efficienttransportation system protected environmental ina projectofthis sizenumerous sources were consulted resourcesand a strongdiversified economy.The plan’s for information. Severaldifferent staffpersons were elementsreflect the characterof the county’sresidents, involvedin selectedportions ofthe work whilethe pohcies and implementation tools serve as guides to futureland useand planning decisions. Thecomprehensive plan provides a guidefor decision- makingby theP!anning Commission and County Council concerninggrowth and development.While it is to be bs edby policy makersto guidetheir decisions, it is alsoa reference for the private sector in making informed investmentdecision.

G Most of the Atlantic Coastal Plain slopescan be NATURAL describedas gently roliing to level with depressedareas in someplaces. The southernarea of Lexington County is a plain which hasslopes ranging from O-6percent on . RESOURCE ridge tops and 6- 10percent on the sideslopes. Areas of depressed land and broad flats occur around the Congaree-Taccoa-Brogdonsoil associationsin theeastern ‘ELEMENT centralregion.

Overview Prime Agricultural and Forest Land

Lexington County lies acrossseveral physiographic Primefarmland is definedas land which is “bestsuited regions in the central midlandsof South Carolina.The for producingfood, feed,forage, fiber, and oilseedcrops ” northern part of the county is in the lower part of the (USDA, 1984). In 1984,Lexington County had 6 1,643 Piedmont while the southernportion is on the Upper acresofprime farmland. This is 13percent of the total CoastalPlain. Betweenthe two lies a zoneof transition land area. Agricultural acreagehas decreased in recem called either the SandHills or the Fall Line. The county years due to urban expansion in the county. Prime contains approximately 450,000 acres of forested, farmlands,comprised mostly ofcrop lands,forest lands, agricultural,wetland, urban, or undevelopedland (S.C. andpasturelands, am foundpredominately in thePiedmont DepartmentofNatural Resources,1990). Lake Murray, Plateauof northern Lexington County. Peachorchards severalrivers, and numerous ponds and streams cover an arealso found in thewest-central area ofthe county.Also, additional 37,000 acres of the county in patterns someprime farmlandaexist in easternareas outside the characteristicof the topography,soil type, and geologic urbanregions ofWest Columbiaand along the Congaree features of the area. Prime farmlands and forests, River. Between SC Highway 302 and the areaeast of supportedby thesestreams and rivers,are found in soils Swansea, scattered prime farmland can be found. bestsuited for agriculturalneeds. These natural resources AdditionalEvmlandis found throughout Lexington County provide avariety ofplant and animalhabitats. alongstreams, creeks, and other waterbodies. Additional farmlandsare of statewideimportance. However,they exhibit some properties such as seasonal wetness, Slope Characteristics irritability, limiting root zone,flooding, or doughtiness, which exclude them from being prime (USDA, 1984). The slopeofan areais dependentupon location,soil Porestlands, which accountsfor 38.5 percent of the type and geologic formations which underlie the area. prime farmlands,accounts for more than 50 percent of LexingtonCounty slopesaregentle tomoderate, or Z-10 Lexington County’stotal land area.Various assortments percent. ‘Elevationsrange from 350 to 600 feet above of pine, oak, cypress, elm and cottomvoods grow in sealevel at the ridge tops. Valley elevationsrange from locationsofsuitable soilsand slopes. Lexington County 110 to 300 feet above sealevel. Along the rivers and found that 43,000 acres of forest land is in need of creeksthere are strong to moderatelysteep slopes of 1O- managementassistance and reforestation (Lexington 25 percent according to the ‘U.S. Department of County, 1990). A study done by the USDA and Forest Agriculture (USDA), 1976). Servicefound that ofthe 246,892acres oftimberland in Areaswith the mosttopographic change occur in the Lexington County,4.8 percentis planted in pines, 30.9 northernand westernregions of the countyaround Lake percent is natural pine, 18.7 percent is oak-pine, 37.5 Murray andthe SaludaRiver. Aplateau with an elevation percent is upland hardwood, and 8.2 percent is around 500 feet extendsin east-westridges along U.S. bottomlandhardwood (Tansey and Hutchins, 1988). 0 Highway 1. Steeperslopes can be found closeto streams inthenortheastemportionofthecountywitharange from 2-15 percent. Piedmont Plateau Provinee side slopesneu drainagefeatures, most of the land is wooded. Erosion is most severein clearedareas. The There aretwo distinct soil regionsofthe Piedmont Appling soil seriesare similar in sedimentcontent to the OP lateauwhich haveprime farmlands.The Georgeville- Cecil Series.Permeability is moderateand available water Nasonsoil associationis locatedin the extremenorthern capacityis medium. Soilsfound on simpleridge tops and portionof thecounty and the Cecil-Appling association is hill slopes,2-6 percent,have a moderateerosion hazard locatedbetween the Georgeville-Nason and the Fall L,ine. with medium runoff. Good tilth makesthis soil more Both of theseare gently to stronglysloping well-drained suitablefor prime farmland. Main cropsinclude corn, soilswhich containsilts. They areunderlain by slateand cotton,soybeans, small grains, peaches, hay, and pasture. granite,respectively. These soils meet the criteria setby Steeperslopes afford moresevere erosion which in turn theUSDA-Soil ConservationService for soilsto support makesthe soil bettersuited to woodlandcover with some prime farmlands(USDA, 1976). acreagefor hayand pasture (USDA, 1976).The Pacolet- The Georgevillesoils have a sandyloam to a verytine Ce&Helena associationshold 6 percentoflexington ’s sandyloam or silt loamsurface layer and clay, clay loam, agricultureand 10percent ofall woodlands. sihyclayorsiltyclayloamsubsoil.Thesesedimentsallow Both the Georgevihe-Nasonand Cecil-Applingsoil for moderatepermeability and medium to high available associationshave a moderately high productivity for watercapacity. With a slopeof two to 6 percent,runoff broadleafand needle leaf treesin Lexington’sPiedmont is mediumand tilth is good. However,erosion is a major Plateau.These soils impose no significantlimitation for managementconcern. With increasingslopes, these soils woodland growth. In general,Lexington ’s forestsare are more suitable to woodlandsrather than cultivated predominatelyevergreen where 92.8 percent of alI forest crops,hay, and pasture which canbe foundin lower relief landis softwood.Loblolly pine,Red oak, Shortleafpine, areas.TheNason series, much like the Georgevillesoils, Virginia pine, White oak, and Yellow Poplar are has sand, silt, and loam consistency, moderate commerciallyimportant trees of this region. They havea permeability,and high availablewater capacity.Minor site index,or averageheight, between 70 and90 feet for 0 soils such asTatum and Helenasoils contribute to the dominanttrees. Loblolly, Slash,andvirginiapines and agricultureand forest land productivity. In areaswhere Yellow Poplarare all suitablefor planting in thesesoils slopeis lessthan 6 percent,the soil is usedfor hay and (USDA, 1976). grasses,pinetrees, and orchards. Corn cotton,soybeans, Prime farmlandsof the CoastalPlain Provinceare small grains, and vegetablescan be grown. However, situatedin the southernareas near Swansea, and south of runoff is rapidand erosion can be a managementproblem. Cayce and West Columbia, adjacentto the Congaree With increasedslopes, these soils are mostly wooded River. Scatteredprime farmlandsaround the town of (USDA, 1976).An analysisusing Land Use/Land Cover Swansea overlie the Dothan-Troupe-Fuquay soil data and STATSGOsoils data show that the Tatum- associationand someVaucluse soils. The concentrated Georgeville-Herndonand Georgeville-Hemdon-Helena areaalong theCongaree River is closelyassociated with soilstogether hold 7.2percent of Lexington’sagricultural the Congaree-Taccoa-Brogden soil association.Both land and 6.6 percentof the forest land. ofthesenearly level associationsare well-drained, loamy The Cecil-Apphngsoil association is foundinaneast- soils. However, somesoils are Iimited in productivity westband reachingacross Lexington Countyjust south becausethey areshallow, droughty and/or stony. of Lake Murray and is an important soil for prime The Dothanand FuquaySeries ofsoils aresimilar in ftiands. Pacoletand Helena soils are also found in the that permeabilityof water is rapid in the surfacelayers, area.The Cecil Series,weathered i%omgraniterock, has moderatein, subsurface sediments and slow in the lower a surfacelayer of sandyloam or silt loamand a subsoilof subsoilsbecause of a plintbite layerwhich decreasesthe clay,clayeylosm silty clay, or siltyclay loam. Permeability rate of downward movement of water and root is moderateand available water capacity is medium. Soils penetration.Their availablewater capacityis medium. that have slopesof IO percentor lesscan support crops Dothan soils wi,tha slopeofzero to 2 percenthave slow uch as corn, small grains, peaches,vegetables, bays, runoffandgood tilth which allowalmost all of thisacreage 6 pastures,and soybeans. However, a higherslope creates to be cultivated. Main crops include soybeans,cotton, more runoff and erosionbecomes a greaterconcern. In small grains,peaches, and corn. The primary hay and areaswhere slopeis greaterthan 10 percent,usually on pasturegrasses include Bahia grass,coastal Bermuda

8 Miw OF MAJOR Son, CLASSIFICATIONS grass,and Sericea ~e~~?e&za. Problems associated with ofall agriculturalland is usedon thesesoils mostly due to this soil is mortality ofcrops when a high watertable is thesmall land area which thesesoils encompass. resent.W ith increasedslopes, this soil is still suitablefor The soils along the CongareeRiver also provide a e aincrop and pasture cultivation; however, erosioncould habitatfor manydifferent typesoftrees. Congareeand be a problem. The Fuquay seriessoils, with zero to 6 Taccasoils have a very high potentialfor productivity of percentslopes, generally have the same characteristics of Black Cherry, Black Walnut, Cottonwood,Greenash, theDothan soils. However, these are sometimes droughty Loblollypine, Shortleafpine,Sugarberry, Sweet gum, andsubject to soilblowing and nutrient leaching. Troupe Sycamore,Water oak, and Yellow poplar. The siteindex Seriessoils, formed in loamy marine sedimentshave for dominant treesof this group rangefrom 90 to 110 decreasingpermeability through the surfacelayer to the feet. Thereare no significantlimitations on growth and subsoils.The sandytop layersallow for little available managementof woodlandin thesesoils. The Brogden water capacity. They are droughty and nutrients are Serieshas a high potentialfor productivity in Longleaf, leachedfrom themrapidly. With fertilizationand proper Loblolly, and Slashpines with a site index between70 management,these soils can be usedfor soybeans,corn and 90 feet (USDA, 1976). andcotton (USDA, 1976). With the Vauclusesoils, the Dothanand Fuquay soils hold 18percent of Lexington’s agriculturelands and 9 percentof theforest lands. Plant and Annhal Habitats TheDolhansoils have a high potential forproductivity ofneedleleaf treessuch as Loblolly, Longleaf,and Slash Plant and animal habitats of Lexington County pines. The siteindex for dominanttrees ranges from 70 identified by theNational Heritage Program (NHP) can to 90 feet. The Fuquay and Troupe Seriessoils h,ave be groupedaccording to regions. Most of the plant and moderatelyhigh potential for productivity of Loblolly, animalspecies found in thesurvey live in a levelto strongly Longleaf,and Slash pines with a siteindex between60- sloping environment of the CoastalPlain. Lakeland- 80 feet. Forestproduction is generallylimited to Loblolly Blaneysoils which traversethe entireeast to westwidth and Slashpines because of mortality of saplingswhen 0 of Lexingtonprovide the basis for evergreenand mixed thereis a high watertable. forest,pasture, and wetland habitats. Animals suchas On the flood plainsofthe CongareeRiver about40 the Easternfox squirrel,the Eastern coral snake,and the percentofthe Congaree-Taccoa-Brogdensoil association Black swampsnake make their home in thepine and oak is usedfor farming. The remaining is woodedor idle. forestsand swamplands of thearea. Bald eagles,listed Thesesediments are made of loamy alluvium on stream asan endangeredspecies, are found in areasbelow Lake terraces,The CongareeSeries contains surface layers of Murray andalong the border with RichlandCounty. Both finesandyloamorsilt loamandsubsurthcestratifiedlayers ofthese areasoffer accessto the Saludaand Congaree ofsandyloam, silt loam,and sandy clay loam. PenneabiJity rivers. The CarolinaDarterhas also been identified in a is moderatethrough these sediments and water capacity surveyconducted along the northern border with Richland is medium. Runoff is slow for this soil which allows for County.The habitatof thisthreatened fish includesareas annual flooding for short periods. Most of the land of the SanteeRiver drainagesystem, backwater pools associatedwiththissoiliswoodedahhough largecultivated nearbanks of small, slow streamswith silt or detritus- areashave corn and soybean. The Taccoa Series is very coveredbottoms. The Red-cockadewoodpecker, on similar to the CongareeSeries in sedimentconsistency the federalendangered list, hasalso beenidentified in andpropensity to flood. Permeabilityismodcnately rapid, LexingtonCountyandcanbefoundinmaturepinestands. watercapacity is low, and runoff is slow for thesesoils. Schewinitz’s sunflower, listed as an endangered Unlike theCongaree, most of thissoil is plantedwithcorn species,has been surveyed in lower Lexingtonin openor and soybeansor pasture. A small amount is wooded. sparselywooded areas on Iredellsoils. The most complex The BrogdenSeries soils, with zeroto 2 percentslopes, mixturesofplantslieinthecenttalamasofLakelandBlaney consistofloamy sandsand sandy loams. Permeabilityis soils. The following vascularplants thrive inhabitatsof oderatelyrapid and available water capacity is medium. dry open sandywoods with sparseground cover, and e In dry periods,this soil may becomedroughty, however it flood plainsof blackwaterstreams: Sweet pitcher plant, canbe cultivatedsoon after rain. Runoff is slow andtilth Pickering’smorning glory Woodygoldenrod, and Woolly- is good for pastureand crops; however, only 0.1 percent berry. 10 Water Resourcesand Wetlands percent are bottomland hardwoods, 14.4 percent are deciduous forested, and 3 1.5 percent are coniferous Overview forestedwetlands (Appendix B).

The hydrologic regime of Lexington County is Saluda River Basin dominatedby the Saluda,Broad, Edisto,and Congaree River basins. The Salt&, Broad,and Congsreebasins TheSaluda River found in the Piedmontof Lexington arepart of the largerSanfee River Basinand the Edistois Countyhas a streamflow modifiedby thewater discharges one of the threesub-basins that makeupthe ACE River from LakeMurray. FromNewberryand Saluda Counties Basin formedby the Ashepoo, Combahee,and Edisto the SaludaRiver flows through Lake Murray until it Rivers (SC. Water ResourcesCommission, 1993). convergeswith the Broad River to form the Congaree Numerousstreams cut throughoutthe county in dendritic River. Below Lake Murray, the Saludahas been found patternsto feedthemainriver stems.Stream flow in the to averagean annualstream flow of2,929 cubic feetper PiedmontProvince is dependenton rainfall and storm second(CFS) nearColumbia. Generallyflow is greater waterrunoff. Becausechannels are not deeplyincised in than430 cfs. the terrain,there is lessopportunity for themto intercept In thesmaller streams and tributaries, the flow is more fracturezones which would supporta groundwaterbase variablebecause they are affected by smallerwatersheds. flow UpperCoastal Plain streams of LexingtonCounty Decreasedgroundwater support and average precipitation are deeply cut into the porous sediment. As a result, in southernPiedmont regions also have a variableaffect shallowwater aquifers are formed above stream level and on streamflow. Lake Murray, constructedin 1930,has release directly into stream beds to support a well- the fifth largestsurface area and the third largestvolume sustainedwater flow. Becausethe shallow aquifers absorb ofall the waterbodies in the state. Locatedprimarily in greatquantities ofwater, mnoffis minimal. Therefore, northernL,exington County, it is usedfor hydroelectric streamflow is maintainedprimarily from groundwater power, recreation, and water supply. Classified as storageand base flow. mesotrophic,or havingmoderate to high nutrientlevels, All major rivers and creeksof L,exingtonCounty, L,akeMurray hasgenerally a good andimproving water exceptthe SaludaRiver from the Lake Murray Dam to quality However,some problem areas occur in theupper the confluencewith the Broad River, areclassified as reachesof the lake and in small coveswhere point and Freshwater (FW) (Department of Health and non-pointsource pollution entersfrom the upperSaluda EnvironmentalControl, 1993). These waters are suitable andits tributaries. for swimming,fishing, andother contactrecreationas weIl Groundwaterin the northernportion of the Saluda as a public water supply source afier convention,al RivrrbasinprovidesLexingtonCountywithapublicwater treatment. The exception is that the SaludaRiver is supplysource. Two zones,the Shallow Sedimentary Rock classified as TPGT,Trout Put, Grow, and Takewater. Aquifer, and the Crystalline Rock Aquifer have been This is freshwatersuitable “ for supportingreproducing utilizedforthi,spurpose. Shallow wells, 60-l 00 feetdeep trout populationsand a cold waterbalanced indigenous tap groundwaterat the saprolitelayer of sediment.The aquaticcommunity of faunaand flora,” aswell asthose permeabilityof thislayer decreases lower in the Piedmont activities of class FW (Department of Health and Provincewhich in turn decreasesrain water intiltration. EnvironmentaIControl, 1993:19). As a result, thesewells are apt to run dry. The Shallow Wetlandsare ‘ areasthat are inundatedor saturated SedimentaryRock Aquifer is usedby LexingtonCounty by surfaceor groundwater at a frequencyand duration only asa secondarysource for public water supplydue sufficientto support,and that under normal circumstances to limited availabilitycompared to othersources found in for support,a prevalenceof vegetationtypically adapted theCoastal Plain Province. The CrystallineRock Aquifer for life in saturatedsoil conditions ”and “ ‘generallyinclude is composedof fracturedigneous and metamorphic rocks. swamps,marshes, bogs, and similar areas “ (Vsmor and This deeperbedrock aquifer provides higher yields in Associates,1992: 39). Approximately 19 percentof faultedorjointedareas.AIIaquifersarerechargeddimctly L,exingtonCounty hashydrology, soil, and vegetation by precipitationor indirectly by groundwaterstorage in conditions which qualify as wetlands. Of these 54.1 thesaprolite layer. Around the Leesville area, the Tertiary SandA,quifer Systemis a sourceofpublic watersupply

11 Wells in this aquifer yield 50-l 50 gallons per minute. some isolated wells in the Cayceand West Columbia However,these ground waters have been found to contain areas,acceptable drinking waterstandards for naturahy concentrationsof Radium-226which exceed safe drinking occurringradiation are exceeded (S.C. Water Resources a ater standards.Radium-226, which is formed by the Commission,1983). radioactivedecay of thorium,is thoughtto haveoriginated Approxi,mately 18 percent of the land areaof the in the granitic outcrop areas near the Fall Line. CongareeBasin in LexingtonCounty is forestedwetland. Groundwaterobtained from othersources of the Salt& Wetlandsare also found in theCongaree Creek and Sandy River basinin Lexingtonis generallyfound to havegood Run areas(SC. WaterResources Commission, 1995). waterquality (S.C. Water Resources Commission, 1983). Wetlandsin the SaludaRiver basinare minimal due Edisto River Basin to soil typeand topography. Appling, T&m, Geo,rgeville, and Lakeland soils contribute to an averageslope of 7 In thewestern region of LexingtonCounty, adjacent percent in various watershedsof the basin. Scattered to Aiken and Saluda Counties, the Chinquapin and wetlandsare found around Lake Murray and Twelve Mile LightwoodKnot Creeksconverge to form theNorthFork andHollow Creeks(SC. WaterResources Commission, EdistoRiver in the EdistoRiver Sub-basin.Black Creek 1995). andBullSwampCreekcontributetotheNorthForkEdisto The northern Piedmont Province holds about 18 furthersouth, flowinginasoutheasterlydimction. Stream percentof Lexington’s wetl,ands.Mostly bottomland flow in thesewaters is well-sustained.Hi,storical analysis hardwoods,the wetlands of theTatum-Geotgeville-Helena hasindicated decbning concentrations of totalphosphorus soils mixed with some Nason and Hemdon soils are andbiochemical oxygen demand as a resultofpollution primarilydeciduous hardwood trees occurring in swamps control programs. The total phosphorusconcentration or otherpartially or occasionallyinundated environments exceededEPA criteria of 0.1 mgil and violated state (AppendixB). standardsforfecalcoliformbacteriaasaresultoflivestock andfeedlot activity. Also, the nitrogen’pbosphorus(NV Broad River Basin P) ratio was lowest in the Edisto basin becauseof the 0 excessphosphorus entering streams from point andnon- TheLexington-RichlandCounty line nearChapin lies point sources. A high N/P ratio is an indicator of a in the southernf?inges ofthe BroadRiverbasin. Streams balancedaquatic ecosystem and an undisturbedwatershed that originate in this areaexhibit low flows. Only 0.2 (S.C.Water Resources Commission, 1993). percentoflexington ’s populationis within this sub-basin In the EdistoRiver basin,near the North Fork Edisto andwater supply t?omit is closeto zero. River,there is a variablegroundwater supply for Lexington County. Near the Fall Line, crystalline rock aquifers Congaree River Basin produce low yields, whereas further south, the Middendorf, Tertiary Sands,and Black Mingo Aquifer The CongareeRiver basinconsists of the Congaree Systems are more utilized for public supply. The River and its tributariesbelow the convergenceof the MiddendorfandTettiarySand aquifers are the preferred Sal& and BroadRivers. Streamflow nearColumbiais systemsof Lexington County primarily becauseof the very stable. Averageannual streamflow is 9,425 cfs. largeyields ofavailabIewater. The Black Mingo is only Thisuniform, well-sustainedflow providesa goodwater partly in Lexingtonand is a secondarysource. Sediments supply for Lexington County. Water quality of the ofthe MiddendorfAquifer Systemlie nearthe surface of CongareeRiver is generallygood with exceptionsarising Lexington Countyand groundwatermovement through asaresultofmunicipalpointsourcedischargesandurban the systemis to the southand southeast. It producessoft, runoff (SC. WaterResources Commission, 1983). acidicwater, very low in dissolvedsolids, which makesit TheMiddendorf Aquifer Systemlies under the entire corrosiveto metal surfaces.The Tertiary SandAquifer CongareeRiver basin. TheTertiary Sam&Aquifer System Systemis composedof highly permeablequartzose sands verlies the Middendorfin the northern reacheswhile with sandyclays and inter-fingeredlimestones. Direct @ BlackMing0 Aquifer Systemoverlies it in thesouth. The precipitati,onrecharges this aquifer in the outcropareas stablewater supply of theMiddendorfprovides acidic, adjacentto OrangeburgCounty. Waterquality is acidic, soft water,low in fluoride andchloride for this basin. In high in iron andLow in dissolvedsolids. Some wells in this

12 HYDROLOGIC MAP area may contain hydrogen sultide gas. Natural Ceorgeville-Nasonsoils (U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture, radioactivity,in excessofsafe drinking waterstandards, 1976). occursin isolatedareas ofthe Edisto River basin. The A narrow band of quartz-microline gneissrock is Black Ming0 Aquifer Systemis composedof tine sand, locatedat theFall Line separatingthe Southern Piedmont siltyclays, fullers ’earth fossiliferous limestones, and some Provinceand the Atlantic CoastalPlain. This graniteand mixedshales (SC. WaterResources Commission, 1993). gneissrock, high in quartzandmicaprovide theparent Wetlandsofthe EdistoRiverbasinare concentrated materialfor the Cecil-Applingsoil association.The Cecal along the larger water bodies such as the North Fork Applying soils,which compriseapproximately 9 percent Edisto River, Black Creek and BulI Swamp Creek. ofthecounty,have gently to stronglysloping terrain well- Generally,the total percentage ofwetlands in a watershed drainedsoils, and clayey subsoil, low in silt content. ofthe Edistobasin increases toward the southeastern areas The Sand Hills, the upper portion of the Atlantic oflexington TheNorth Fork Ed&towatershed, from its CoastalPlain, consist of four geologic formations of origin to Black Creek has the highest percentageof unconsolidatedmarine sediments. The largestand oldest wetlands,approximately 8 percent,and these am classified is theTuscaloosaformation which expandsfrom theFall as forested wetland (Department of Heahh and Line southwardto coverover half of Lexington’scoastal EnvironmentalControl, 1995). plain. This formationconsistsoflight-coloredsands with The entireCoastal Plain region has many soils which patchesof kaolin clay. Overlying most of this is the canbe classified as wetlands. The largeLakeland Blaney Lakeland-Blaney soil association which comprises soil associationalong with someFuquay soils holds46 approximately53 percentof the county. The ‘L,akeland- percentof Lexington’stotal wetlandarea. Most ofthis Blaneysoil associationhas very well-drainedand level to acreageis bottomlandhardwoodalongstreams or rivers. stronglysloping soils. Someareas of th,eSand Hills are Twenty-four (24) percent of all wetlands is held in sandythroughout while otherareas have a loamysubsoil Lakeland, Fuquay,Alga, Dothan, and Vauclusesoils anda fragipan(a subsurfacehorizon with little organic locatedin thesouthern areas of thecounty. matter), are cemented,and relatively impermeableto water(U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture, 1976). 0 The Barnwell Sand formation, located in the soils southeasternpart of the county,consists of yellow and reddishsands that containvarious concentrations of clay. Lexington County is situated on two distinct TheLakeland-Fuquay soil association,approximately IO physiographicregions. One fourth of its totalsurface area percentof thecounty, lies over this nearly flat formation is on the PiedmontPlateau while three-fourthsis on the andhas some excessively drained soils due to its porous AtlanticCoastal Plain. In general,the southernPiedmont nature. hasgently rolling terraindissected by a dendriticpattern In the southernportion of the county, the McBean of rivers and streams. The Coastal Plain is separated geologicformation is agently slopingplain consistingof from the Piedmontby what is known asthe Fall Line. medium-grainedsand, sandy clay loams,thin layersof This zone of great topographic changeruns through clay,and fullers earth. Soil associationsthat overliethis Lexington Countyjust below Lake Murray The area formation are part of the L,akeland-Blaney,Lakeland from theFall Line to thesouthern reaches of thecounty is Fuquay,and Dothan-Troup-Fuquayassociations. The mostlylevel terrainformed from sealevel retreat. Dothan-Troup-Fuquayassociation is very similar to the Underlyingmost ofthe soilson thePiedmont Plateau previoustwo describedabove and makesup 11percent is the Carolina SlateBelt which consistsof shaleand ofthe soilsin the county. schists.The principalrock type ofthis geologicbelt is an The Sunderlandformation, found in easterncentral argillitewhich has a fine graintexture and concentrations Lexington, adjacentto the CongareeRiver valley, is a of silica and alumina. Theserocks provide the parent sandand gravel marine terrace. Above this formationis materialforthe Georgeville-Nasonsoil associationwhich the nearly flat Congaree-Toccoa-Brogdonassoci,ation. ischaracterizedby gentlyto stronglysloping terrain, well- Most of this area has soils which are well-drained, drainedsoils, and clayey subsoilsthat have a high silt however,there are som,e soils in areasoflocal depression content. Approximately 15 percentof the county has which arepoorly drainedand subjectto flooding (US. Departmentof Agriculture,1976).

14 The varioussoils ofLexington County are best suited to uses which have adapted themselves to the characteristicsofthe soil. Fertilesoils which support prime farmlandsare the Georgeville-Nason,Cecil Appling, Dothan-Troupe-Fuquay,and the Congaree-Taccoa- Brogden soil associations. However, the Lakeland- Blaneysoil association with someFuquay soils holds some 65petcent ofthe agriculture inI&ngton. Theseadditional farmlandshave well drainedsandy soils which support 59.3 percentofthe forest land also (AppendixB). All soils found in the county are low in plant nutrientsand organicmatter. However, fertilizer and lime canbe added to obtaintop cropproduction. Erosionis alsoa problemfor slopingsoils whenthe landiscultivated(U.S. Department ofAgriculture, 1976). Crop land,which constitutes13 percent of Lexington’s land area,is losing 34 1,479tons of sedimentper year. Sheetand/or rill erosionaccount for41.5 percentof the total crop landerosion. Erosionreducesproductivity of thesoil with lossof therich surfacelayer which is needed for root growth. It also allows sedimentto enter the streamsto polluteand endangerwildlife. Slopingfields which haveundergone erosionhave clayey spots which aredifficult to till andplant because the surfacesoils are gone. Different managementtechniques can be usedto 0 minimize erosion. Cropping system,swhich keep vegetationon thesoil for longperiods oftime helpto hold the soil in place. Contour tillage and terracingreduces the lengthof the slopeand runoff. Terracingworks well with deep,well-drained soils which haveregular sIopes. Leaving crop residueson the soil surfacewill also hold loosesediments in placeand urcrease infiltration, which in turn reducesrunoff. Soilsusedfornonf&mingactivities,suchasengineering projectshave characteristics which could limit theirutility Factorsimportant to developmentcapabilities include load bearingfor foundationsand streets and permeability for septic tank absorption fields (U.S. Department of Agriculture,1976). Approximately 63 percent ofall urban development(which is only 15percent of thecounty) is doneon LakelandBlaney, and Fuquay soils. This includes most of the WestColumbia, Leesville, Batesburg,and Pelionareas. As moreurbanization occurs in theseareas, valuableagriculturallandis beingcompromised. COUNN MAP WITH CITIES

16 the county seatin 1785. By 1860, the county enjoyed CULTURAL somedegree of industrializationalthough saw milling and cottonplanting were the main occupations. As with many smallsouthern counties, Lexington County endured many RESOURCES hardshipsin the aftermathofthe War betweenthe States. Appendix A identifies historic sites and structuresin ELEMENT LexingtonCounty. City of Cayce

Overview The presentCity of Caycewas not incorporateduntil 1914,but thearea was populated f?om the early eighteenth Though namedafter the 1785battle of Lexington in century. Cayce was the location of Fort Congaree,a Massachusetts,the recorded history ofthe countypredates tradingpost established on the Old CherokeeTrail, This that year by almost 70 years.One of the first inhabited trail waslater improved to serveas awagontrail between sefflementswas a small CongareeIndian village located the Piedmont and the Coast. The trading post was at thejunction of Congareeriver and CongareeCreek frequently referred to in contemporary reports as the south of Cayce. In 1718 a fort was built as a military “Town of the Congarees.”In 1730,when the fast eleven garrisonfor the area,with a secondpost establishedtwo townshipswere established in SouthCarolina, the Cayce miles north in 1748. The two Congaree forts were areawas designatedas the Saxe-GothaTownship,and significant as strategic cross roads for defending the becauseof its growing population, soon became an Carolinaback counby. The county was given some political electiondistrict. A public ferry wasestablished as river identity in 1733 aspart ofcongaree District, one of 11 traffic increased,andthis ferry helped the settlement grow districtscontaining townships laidout to providedefensive to be one of the most importantsouthern trading centers 0 buffersfor CharlesTowne against hostile Indians. eastofthe MississippiRiver, second only to Camden.In In 1735,Congaree district wasrenamed Save Gotha the followi,ng years, the name Granby came into use, in anattempt to lureGerman immigrants to theagricultuml presumablyto honorthe Marquis of Granby. opportunities ofthe South. BecauseSaxe Gotha was During the Revolution,Granby was taken and retaken locatedin a lob\;fever riddenma, the settlementshifted by both sides.After the war, Granby becamethe seatof towardSt. John ’sChurch. The community, including Fort Lexington County. The area was also home to the Congaree,became collectively known asSt. John ’s.With GuignardBrick Works which manufacturedbricks for the openingof the wagonroad to Augustain 1754,traffic almostevery substantialbuilding in the early history of on the riverbegan to increase.However, the population Columbia. Granby’sexistence was shortbut important. of St.John ’sbegan returning to the original site,near the As late as 1807 Granby was almost 200 houseslarger ferry, where Granby Village was establishedsometime than the new capital city of Columbia, but by 1837the before 1774. Unfortunately archeologicalevidence of town was practically deserted. The development of the two sitesis quitedifficult to trace. Columbiaand the problems with river floodswere among The areagained county statuson March l&l785 in the reasonsfor the town’s decline. Today a cemetery the OrangeburgDistrict. Its westernboundary extended anda historicalmarker are the only remindersofGranby. westto the old Ninety-SixPrecinct Line. Five yearsafter Thepresent n,ame of Cayceis in honor of an old family. the Louisiana purchase of 1803, Lexington County William J. Cayceoperated the first storenear the railroad enlargedits own boundarieswith gains from Newberry andthis junction wasknown as“ Cayce’sCrossing. ”The Countyalong the lower DutchFork. The county continued city, originaIly charteredon September7,1914, covered to gain land with moreacquisitions in 1832(south to the an areaofone and one-eighthsquare miles. In 1955the North Edisto River). This parcel waspreviously part of Blossom Street Bridge connectedCayce with central the OrangeburgDistrict. SaxeGotha continued to be the Columbia. This contributed to dramatic growth in the 0 nameofthe electiondistrict until discardedin 1852.From city. Though Cayce was dependent on employment 1785to 1832,Granby Village flourishedand was named opportunitiesprovided by theCity ofColumbiaand served as its bedroomcommunity, during the pasttwo decades

17 tie city hasdeveloped a morediversified economic base, in theirnative countries. As theCrown of Englandsought with extensiveretail commercial develooment. as well as to maintaina presencein theprosperous agrarian culture industrialuses. of the area,a relationship was forged with land grants a giventhe settlers by theCrown arelationshipw~hichbeped City of West Columbia Iay thefoundation for the Townof Irmo. During thefive-year periodbetween 1744 and 1749, During thesecond half of the eighteenthc&my the 423 settlers purchased21,150 acres of land, with a Granby village flourished. Along with the naming of continual influx of Germansimmigrants. By 1760, Columbia asthe SouthCarolina statecapital in 1786, however,the Germanimmigration slowed. Though the Granby suffered severe flood damage in 1790; it greatnumber ofimmigrants slowed, thepopulationcanied disappearedby I,837. Granby’sdeath was Brookland ’s theDutch Fork areainto theGolden Era of 1820to 1861. birth becausethe materialsfrom thedemolished houses When the em,ergenceof the second generation of of Granbywere used to build housesfor the workersof immigrantscame about, larger farms began to develop, theSaluda Manufacturing Company. The construction of and a state of order existed with the church as the this mill meant labor, people, and soon the town of centerpiece.This era endedwith the Civil War, which Brookland. The scattereddwellings grew into a village provedto be moredevastating than both theIndian wars on theriver ’s westside after the openingof theColumbia andRevolutionary War combined Many families became Duck MilI in 1890. Meeting and StateStreet became destituteduring the chaotic Reconstructionera. The businessdistricts. The growthof thisarea was enhanced perseveranceof theDutch Forkcommunity provided the by its resources- its people,its transportationarteries, foundationfor theprosperous area it is today. andprime commercialland. On November24,1894, it Irmo was incorporatedon December24,1890, one was namedBrookland. Mrs. Mary Guignard, whose squaremile in size. Many eventshave aided the town in family remainedthe largest land holders in thearea since stakinga permanentplace in thefuture ofthe Midlands. theearly 1SOOs, gave Brookland its name. It waslater First, andarguably foremost, is thearrival of theCN&L 0 called New Brookland and was recharteredas West Railroadin 1890,to which Irmo owesits exi,stence.The Columbiain 1938.In 1964,it wasdesignated the City of railroadimproved transportation, provided farmers and WestColumbia. Since 1964,the City of WestColumbia cottonbrokers with betteropportunities, and made Jnno hasgrown asa result of annex,inglarge acreageofnew the first waterstop on the CN&L run. The secondmajor urbandevelopment. City ’s boundariesnow extendwest developmentin thearea was the construction of theLake of I-26. Over the yearsWest Columbiahas investedin Murray Dam. From 1927 to 1~930more than 4000 watertreatment, distribution, and has purchased an equity peoplewere employed on theproject. This providedan participationin theColumbiaMetro wastewatertreatment economicboom to the area. The lake beganfilling in plant on the CongareeRiver. WestColumbia hasbeen 1929,reached an elevation of 290 feet in 1930. The awardedseveral grants to upgradehousing. Preservation compIetionof the project allowed SCE&G to provide ofits historicMill Village is a priority. WestColumbia ’s electricityto mostofthe region. history in the latter years of the 20th century hasbeen From 1930to 1970,Irmo beganthetransition from a orientedtojmpro\;ingitsphysicalandhistoricalenvironmentsmaII community to thepredominantly suburban city in tbrougbzoning, sign ordinances, housing code adoption, existencetoday. This transition was accomplished through andcapitalinvestments. intiastructureimprovements, principall y thosepertaining to transportation.Through thepaving and widening of Town of Irma major Irmo-arearoads such as Highway 76, Highway 60, WoodrowStreet and present-daySt. Andrews Road Thoughincorporated in 1890,Inno hasa rich heritage from theearly 1940sto the late 197Os,to theconstruction dating back to the Colonial daysof the 1740s. During of 1-26and I-20 in the late 1960sand early 197Os,the those pre-Revolutionary War Days the first wave of foundationwas laid to supportthe impending growth that igrantst?om Germany and Switzerland began to settle the town experienced.Along with thesetransportation * in thearea known as Dutch Fork. Boundedby the Saluda improvements came educational and government andBroad Rivers,Dutch Fork provideda haven for the improvements as well. New schools were built, immigrantsin theirquest for landwhich wasunattainable culminatingin theconstruction of thepresent Irmo High

18 Schoolin 1965.Therebegan anexpansionofgovemment thecounty gained population. In 1970the town recorded servicesprovided, leading to thecreation of theIrmo Fiie a population of 969 persons. Road improvementsand Districtin 1963,the hmo-Chapin Recreation Commission thegeneral rapid growth of the countywere reflected as aroundthe sametime, 3s well astwenty-four hour police new subdivisionslocated in the town. Developerstook servicein the 1970s.These and other improvements led advantageof thetown ’sability to providewater and sewer. to Irmo’s being ableto accommodatethe greatgrowth BuildingI-20 south of thetown during 1966-72 also helped experiencedin the 1970sand I98Os,3s evidencedby promoterapid growththat continuesto this day. theconstructionofFriarsgateandothers+ubdivisionswhich followed. Town of Chapin

Town of Batesburg-LeesviUe The first settlersin the areanumbered close to 200 familiesfrom thePalatinate in southernGermany. Many Prior to completionofthe Columbia,Charlotte, and left Europeseeking religious freedom. TheseGerman AugustaRailroad in 1869,Batesburg and Leesville were settlersmaintained their own subcultureand spoke Gennan only small clustersof a few homesand shops serving a well into the 20th century. Martin Chapinof Cortland, geographically restricted agricultural hinterland. New York moved to th,e area in 1856 on the Completion of the railroad expandedthe commercial recommendationsthat the pine treeswould helphis lung servicearea ofeach settlement(Batesburg looking north ailment. By the 1890s he had amassedmore than 4200 and west,and Lee&he, southand east). Leesvillc was acresin the Chapinarea. Over half of theproperty titles subsequentlyincorporated in 1875andBatesburgin 1877. researchedfor thebu&iingofLakeMunaycouldbetraced Prosperityin bothtowns and their evolutioninto enduring back to Martin Chapin. He built a large woodenhome communitiesoccurred largely during 1880-1914. After facingOld ChapinSprings from theproceeds of his saw the end ofthe World War I, national recessioncoupled mill business.The home stood at the present day Foodland with theanival ofthe boll weevil stifledan agriculturally Grocerystore site. The Columbia, Newberry, andLaurens dependenteconomy. The Depressionand World War II Railwaybrought the fust railway stopto Chapinin 1890. alsorestrained local developmentuntil thelate 1970s.In Martin Chapinused this railway to shiphis timberto other 1993 the towns merged and incorporated 3s one parts of the state. The town began to grow with the jurisdiction. introduction of this rail service. Chapin wasofficially incorporatedon ChristmasEve, 1889with thetown limits Town of Lexington extending314ofamilein~Utio~~mMartinChapin’s home. In the wake of the decline of Granby village, on Themain events in the20th century history of Chapin December 18, 1818 the GeneralAssembly passedan relateto utilities and transportation.The acquisitionof act to change ihe county seat to a location near the property for the Lake Murray dam during the 1920s geographiccenter ofthe countyon a hill nearTwelve Mile brought employmentand capital to the area.The Great Creek.The new village of Lexingtonand the district grew. Depressionpostponed prosperity and population growth Many of its citizens joined the westward migration until after World WarII. In 1961, I-26 wasopened and following theexpansion ofthe southerncotton kingdom gavethe townnational connectivity Developers capitalized in thefirst half of the 19thcentury. on the proximity to Lake Murray TodayChapin and its Becauseofpopulation growth andthe needto create surroundingcensustracthavethehighestpercapitaincome a municipalcotpomtion around the new county courthouse, in LexingtonCounty. the citizensofLexington,received a charterin 1561. The town continuedits slow growth throughreconstruction Town of Springdale andexpanded to assumeits historicalurban morphology during the prosperousdecades from 1893to 1920and Incorporatedin 1955Springdale provides municipal the comingofthe boll weevil. The town and its environs servicesto 3 settlementthat emerged west ofboth Cayce benefittedfrom the Depressionas the rural population and West Columbia. After the passageof Home ‘Rule moved to urban areas. After Worl,dW3r II the town legislation in 1975,Springdale filed on September14, grew slowly 3s thecounty population trends reversed and 1,976,with theSecretary of Stateto retainits councilform 19 of government.The recharteringaccording to the terms the south side of Highway 302 drew up a legal of theHome Rule Act becameeffective in Springdaleon incorporationpetition and held a successfulelection to July I, 1977.The town areaat thetime was 1.67square establishtheTownof SouthCongaree. A year later, in a iles. Today the predominantly residential town is thes~erof1958,thelando~e~wlthinonemilemdius expandingits commercial and industrial development. of the intersectionof Highways 103 and 73 drew up a legalincorporation petition to establishthe Town ofPine Town of Swansea Ridge. Graduahy,since the incorporationof the two towns, The Townof Swanseawas begun as a stationtbr the theareahasgrowninpopulationandphysicalsubdivisions SouthBound Railway (today ’sCSX Transportation). The havetaken advantage of thenearness to citiesof Columbia town was surveyedand laid out around1890 when the and Cayce. Employment opportunities afforded by trackswere first laid, The original charterfor the town industriesin CalhounCounty and in ColumbiaMetro area was approvedon December19,1892. Its boundaries have also Ied people to live and work there. The two wereestablished as a halfmile radiusfrom therail depot. townshave benefitted from thelocation ofnew schools The town was recharteredon February 8, 1904. The by Lexington District 2 andby the decisionofCayce to originsofthe name“Swansea”arevague.Quite possibly extendwater and sewerto thearea. This haspromoted it camehorn “ Zwanzig”,which is Germanfor thenumber additionalresidential and commercial development in the 20. Due to the large number of Germansettlers in the area;note the completion of the new UPS terminal on area,and the geographicfact that the town is located Highway 302near South Congaree. approximately 20 miles from Columbia, Lexington, Orangeburgand St. Matthews,the term “ Zwanzig” may Town of Gilbert have been usedto describethe generallocation of the arealong beforethe railroad was established However, The Revolutionary War “Battle of the Juniper” the namemay havecome from the town of Swanseain occurredat a springjust eastof thepresent town site. ln Wales. 1782the spring was the only named place between Gnmby 0 The urban morphology of Swanseawas largely andLeesville. Juniper Springs was a landmarkwhere the determinedin thelast century when the town grid system Old CharlestonRoad from Ninety-Sixcrossed Two Notch wasset forth by railroadengineers. In theyears since its Roadbetween Augusta and Columbia. Sometimeafter founding,the town has grown only slowly. The townwas theRevolution a Gilbertfamily settled nearby and the place awardeda CommunityBlock DevelopmentGrant in 1979 becameknown asGilbert Hollow. Arailroad stationwas to reversedecades of commercialdecline and todaythe establishedat GhbertHollow in 1869.After theLewies town is improving its economic fortunes by close built theirmansion they attempted to changethe name to cooperationwith the County. Lewiedale.They persuadedthe post office, newspaper, high school,Masonic Lodge, and the liquor dispensaryto Towns of South Congaree and Pine Ridge use the new name. The town was incorporated as Lewiedalein 1886but thenamewas changedto Gilbert onMay 12,1899. Columbia andpoints southstimulated the economyas did the locationof a freight andpassenger station at Styx Town of Pelion prior to World War I. CampStyx was developedin the PineRidgeiCongaree area during World War I asa troop During the late 19th century Lexington County’s trainingfacility Duringthe war, Highway 302 was paved dominantrural, agricultural character was altered slightly throughthe Styx Areaand the U.S. Military reservation by the emergenceof some dozen small towns and wasdeveloped which furtherstimulated the economy. In crossroadvillages spurred by theexpansion ofrail lines thelate 1970sas Cayce began to annexterritory westward, andthe establishment of locally capitalizedtestile mills. itizensof theCongaree area became concerned that they Oneofthose emergingtowns was Pelion, charteredas a 0 wouldbe annexed into Cayce.So in 1957the landowners municipalityin 1912. within onemile radiusofthe J. J.Chavis Grocery store on

20 Town of Summit Identified with fourteencontributing properties that dateback to 1894,this district exhibits late nineteenth Dr. F. S. Lewie laid out the streetsof Summit Point, andearly twentiethcentury residential and commercial theoriginalname,onJune3,1873. Itslocationalongthe structures.The architectural styles include Romanesque, Columb,ia,Charlotte and Au,g.rstaRailmad was its primary GeorgianRevival, Gothic Revival, distingui~shed L-Shape reasonto exist. Summit’stirst charterwas issued in May framedwellings, and vemaculart?ame dwellings. 1892. It was renewed in May 1901. At first the This district reflectsthe commercial influence ofthe incorporatedlimit of Summitwas a squaremile. During mill on the community,with amplegardens and 50-foot 1928, the corners were cut off the square and the wide streets. boundary was madeinto an octagon. In 1928, Brodie Light and Power came into Summit. ln 1940, Brodie Batesburg Commercial Historic District Light and PowerCompany sold out to SC. Electricand GasCompany. During the same year Gilbert and Summit This district in the Town of Batesburg-Leesvilleis beganto developa water systemtogether. boundedby partsof GraniteStreet, Oak Street,Rutland Avenueand Pine Street between Church Street and Noah RailroadAvenue. HistoricDistricts The district is a collectionof commercialbuildings constructedbetween 1895 and 1925encompassing thirty- The US DepartmentofInterior acceptsnominations one propertieswithin a three-block area. Someof the to the NationalRegister ofHistoric Placesfor individual visualelements in thedistrict which articulatethe period sitesand for districts. The National Registerdenotes a setting are original cast-iron pilasters or columns, dismctasanareathatpossessesasigniticantconcentration, decorative brick trim, and concreteblock molded to linkage, or continuity of sites,buildings, structures,or imitatestone. objects united historically or aestheticallyby plan or The commercial district is significant becauseits physical devel,opment.In Lexington County,there are developmentpatterns reflect an early twentieth century five listeddistricts on theNational Register. railroad town. It evolved asa banking and tradecenter for partsof severalcounties including Lexington, A&en,, andSaluda. Saluda Factory Historic District Church Street Historic District This district along the SaludaRiver is locatedin,the City of West Columbia. It is identified with three ThisdistrictisboundedbyaportionofChurchStreet -contributingpropertiesthatexhibit the scenic site and ruins betweenAuerhammer Drive and Gunter Road in theTown from the factory?abutments ofa razedbridge, and traces of Batesburg-Leesville.Identified with six buildings ofold StateRoad. constructedbetween 1865 and 1909,the district retains This districtreflects the town ’searly history oftextile integrity from the period withVictorian, QueenAnne, manufacturing,southcamlina% largest industry, This was Gothic Revival,and Italianate styled structures preserved the siteof CampSorghum, important as one ofa handtin in good to excellent condition. The historic district i,s of Confederateprison camps. Riverbanks Botanical significant~aneighborhoodthatdeve1opedinaccordanc.e Gardenmakes its homehere now. with thebirth and initial economicdevelopment ofthe town of Leesvilleduring the late nineteenth and early twentieth New Brookland Historic District centuries.

This district, locatedin the CityofWest Columbia,is Leesville Coikge Historic District boundedby portionsofAlexander Street, Augusta Street, CarpenterStreet, Center Street, Court Avenue, Hudson This districtis boundedby portionsof CollegeStreet, Street,Norfolk Street,Oliver Street,Sortwell Street, State Ring Street, L,ee Street, Main Street, and Peachtree Street,and U.S. Highway 1. Street,located in the town of Leesville, SC. Identified

21 with ‘28 contributing properties which span a time period from ca. 1880to ca. 1930,this district exhibits a wide geofVictorian vernacular forms, from modestcottage y;” o elaborateresidence, but scaleis consistent. Some elements include elaborate scroll and bracket ornamentation,fluted wooden columns, and turned balusters.Thisdistrictreflectsits evolutionasaresidential enclavearound the BusbeeBrothers ’ School and the LeesvilleEnglish& ClassicalInstitute, the latter ofwhich becameLeesville College in 1890.

Unique or Significant Natural Areas and Views

Sincethe mid-1970s,the SCDepartment ofNatural Resources’HeritageTmstprogramhasconductedlimited reconnaissancesurveys throughout the Stateidentifying areasmeriting preservationor protection. Most of these sitescontain either rare or endangeredspecies ofplants oranimalsandoflenareuniqueinnaturegivenitsgeolo~c or topographic character. While the county has not undergoneany exhaustivesurvey work, a listing ofthe moreprominent sites is providedin AppendixB. 0 Riverbanks Botanical Garden

The 70-acreBotanical Garden site is locatedon the westbank ofthe SaludaRiver acrossfrom Riverbanks Zoo. In addition to being a site of unmatchedbeauty in the area,it hassignificant historical value as the location of oneof SouthCarolina ’s6rst water-powered textile mills andas the site of Sherman’smarch on Columbia. The Botanical Garden site featuresthree distinct topographicland masses: the floodplain valley, the valley slopesand the uplands.Each area is uniqueand provides countless opportunities for botanical displays and educationalprogramming.

22 The Lexington County Joint Municipal Water & COMMUNITY smcrcouuuiss ~onpurchasesits waterfrom the City of West Columbia’s Lake Murray Plant. Its allocation is approximately 2 MGD with consumption currently FACILITIES operatingat about 1 MGD. The systemhas about 2,300 customers.The systemoperateswith anelevated500,000 gallon storagetank. ELEMENT The City of Cayce gets its water supply from the CongareeCreek and its water treatmentplant is located on US 321 near Dunbar Road. The approximate Major Public Water Systems population ofcustomers servedis 6,023. The average pumpageis 3.2 MGD. The total plant capacity is 6.4 Major publicproviders in LexingtonCounty include: M.D. withthe totalstorage capacityof5.72 million gallons, City ofColumbia, City ofWest Columbia, Lexington including elevated,ground and pressure tanks. The per CountyJoint Municipal Water& SewerCommission City capita use is 140 GPD. Major distribution lines run of Cayce, Town of Lexington, Town of Batesburg- throughout the City of Cayceas well as portions of the Leesville, Town of Chapin, Town of Pelion, Town of Town of Springdaleand severalareas ofunincorporated Swansea,Gilbert-Summit Water District, GastonWater LexingtonCounty. The unincorporatedareasinclude the District and the Bull SwampWater District. There are Three Fountainsarea, areas out SC 302 toward South severalprivate systems. Congareeand Pine Ridge, areas out FishHatchery Road, the Lloydwood subdivisionsouth of the City, and a new Service Areas and lkatment Capacity industrialpark off Dixiana Road,in the southernpart of the city, nearthe I-26/1-77interchange. The City of Columbia provides water service to The TownofLexington getsits raw water supply portionsof Lexington County north of the SaludaRiver from theTwelve Mile Creekand its watertreatment plant in the Dutch Fork area. The City of Columbia’s water is locatedin town where the Creekcrosses Highway 6. supply comes from two sources: the Broad River The averagepumpage is 1.5 MGD and the customer (Columbia Canal) and Lake Murray. The two water populationserved is approximately3,452. The totalplant treatmentplantsandmorethan1,640miles ofdistribution capacity is 2.8 MGD and the total storage capacity mains serveall of the City of Columbiaand portions of including elevated, ground and pressure tanks is Richhnd andLexington County. The customer population approximately1.32miRion gallons. Thepercapitause is servedis approximately 90,000. The Columbia Canal 237 GPD. Planthas a ratedtreatment capacity of72 MGD (&lillions The Town of Batesburg-Leesville gets its supply of@llons per Day),with averageand maximum recorded ofraw water t?omLightwood Knot andDuncan Creeks. high service pumping rates of 3 1 MGD and 70 MGD The averagepumpage of the plant is 1.1 MGD. The respectively.The Lake Murray Planthas a ratedtreatment approximatepopulation servedis 2,561.The total plant capacity of 30 MGD. It has an averageh,igh service capacityis 2.1MGD. Thetotal storagecapacity including pumping rate of 18.8 MOD with a maximum recorded elevated,ground and pressure tanks is 1.45million gallons. high servicepumpingrateof28.4 MGD. About 125,000GPD is soldto theTown of RidgeSpring, The City of West Columbia gets its water supply in SaludaCounty from its two treatmentplants on the CongareeRiver and The Town of Chapin now obtainsmost ofits water Lake M,urray. The customer population served is from the City of Columbia (sinc,e1990 when City of approximately15,701. The total averagepumpage is 4.9 Columbiacompleteda waterline extensionto the Chapin MGD. The total plant capacity is 12 MGD. The total water tank). The old tank had a capacity of 150,000 storagecapacity including elevatedand ground tanksis gallonsand the new tankholds 2.0 million gallons.Water 1I .5 million gallons. The per capita use is about I26 acquired from wells goes to Timberiake, Oakbrook, GPD. The city sellsat least0.5 MGD to smallersystems. Plantation Hills, Night Harbor and Tanners Mill subdivisions.It is anticipatedthat these will be deededto

23 COMMUNITY FACILITIES the City of Columbia when water line extensionsare Service Area and ‘Ikeatment Capacity completedto theseareas. The Town of Pelion purchases75,000 to 80,000 The City of Columbia’s main treatmentplant is (b gallonsper day from theLexington County Joint Municipal located on the CongareeRiver and has a treatment Water& SewerCommission. The Town also serves areas capacityof 40 MGD. With morethan 850 miles of sewer outsideitsjurisdiction. ‘lines,the City currentlyprovides sewage treatment services The Town of Swansea hasthree wells thatprovide for all of Columbia and portions of northwest, north serviceto itsresidents. These wells provide a watersupply central,nottheasfandlowerRichlandCounty,andportions ofapproximately 162,000gallons per day. of northeastLexington County. The customerbase is The Gilbert-Summit Rural Water District was approximately45,OOOto 50,000 accounts. Average daily establishedby theGeneral Assembly in 1970sfor service flow is 30 MGD. to the towns ofGilbert and Summit. The systemnow The Lexington County Joint Municipal Water & servessome areas immediately adjacent to both towns. Sewer Commissionoperates two wastewatertreatment Its water supply is from eight groundwaterwells, with plants. The Two Notch RoadPlant servespart of theI- storagecapacity of 540,000gallons from threetanks. The 20 and US 1 Industrial Corridor and has an existing customerpopulationisapproximately 1070peisons. The capacityof400,OOO gallons per day TheCounty currently systemaverages 30,000 gallons per day pumpage. usesan averageof 250,000gallons per day. The Old The GastonRundCommunityWaterDistrict was BarnwellTreatment Facility located ofI?latt SpringsRoad, establishedby theGeneral Assembly in 1966.The Water servesthe growing Platt SpringsRoad and Red Bank District has five groundwaterwells asits water supply areaswith an existing capacityof 800,000gallons per andmaintains three storagefacilities with a combined day. capacityof 300,000gallons. Its servicearea is theTown The City of Cayce hasa sewagetreatment plant off of Gastonand the immediate surrounding area. The Old State Road near the CongareeRiver which has a customerpopulation is 1400persons. capacityto treateight million gallonsper day.Most of the 0 Other Non-pub&Providers: AAA Utilities Inc. incorporatedareas of Caycepresently have available provide water to somesubdivisions and mobile home sewerservice. The City alsoprovides sewerservice to parks in the vi,ci,nityof Lake Murray. Carolina Water otherareasofLexin~onCountyincludingportionsofWest Service also provides water to some residential Columbia, all sewerservice to Springdale,the Three subdivisionsinLexingtonCounty. HeaterUtilities, Inc. FountainsArea, SC 302 toward SouthCongaree, Pine provideswater service to quitea few areasin Lexington Ridge, FishHatchery Road, and off DixianaRoad south County. Someof theseare Bellemeadenear Cayce, of theCity. Charwood,Lexington Estates, Lexington Farms, Murray The City of West Columbii servesresidents within Park, Murray Lodge, Lake Village, Hilton Place, itsjurisdiction. The City doesnot have its ownwastewater Vanarsdaleand W indy Hill. treatmentplant. It sendsits wastewaterto the City of Columbiafor treatment The,Town of Lexington’s current sewertreatment Wastewater capacityis 2.0 MGD with a currentaverage daily flow of 1.3MGD per day. Its two treatmentplants are located The City of Columbia, Lexington County Joint on Twelve Mile Creek below Coventry Woods Municipal Water& SewerCommission, City ofCayce, Subdivision andon FourteenMile Creekat Whiteford City of West Columbia, Town of Lexington, Town of Subdivision.The town anticipatesthat both plants will be Chapin,and the Town of Swanseaare the public sewer off-linebytheturnofthecenb.uywithalleffluentpumped providersin LexingtonCounty. Severalprivate smaller to Cayce’splant. providers cover part of the county. Many homesuse The Town of Chapia has a wastewatertreatment septictanks. plant with a capacity of 1.2 MGD. The Town treats 200,000gallons per day ofits own sewageand 600,000 a gallonsperday for outlyingcommunities and subdivisions. The Towa of Swansea has an oxidation pond that has a capacityof 160,000gallons per day. The town’s

COMMUNITY FACILITIES 24 averageflow is 110,000gallons per day. Rainscause the the CongareeRiver to includea morenorthwesterly trend lagoonto overflow and it hasto be monitoredcarellly. towardthe Town of Lexingtonand Lake Murray. Traffic Other Non-Public Providers: Bush River Utilities volume in this area confirms this flow and suggests a servicessome areas along BushRiver Road. Lakewood continuedimprovement ofcapacity alonghighways that Utilities provideservice to the vicinity ofRikard Nursing feed the area around the Town of Lexington and Lake Home. Midlands LJtiIities services Westgate and Murray. Vanarsdalesubdivisions between Lexington andWest Columbia and several other subdivisions in the unincorporatedarea ofLexingtonCounty Quail Hollow subdivision operatesits own sewer system. Carolina Water Serviceserves the areaaround the 1-201Highway 1 areaand severalresidential subdivisions in the County. WoodlandUtilities, inc. servesWoodlandHilIs and Seven OaksElementary Schools.

Highway Network Traffic flows along interstatehighways traversing LexingtonCounty hasthe secondhighestnumber of throughLexington County(I-20, I-77 and I-26) indicate road miles in the four county Central Midlands region. no deficiencies in capacity. There are two interstate The stateDepztment ofTransportation (DOT) maintains interchangeswithin the county: I-20 & I-26 and I-26 & morethan 1,225miles of secondarystreets androads, all I-77. Of the major arterials,only one location hasbeen paved except for 51 miles of unpaved roads. The identified as nearingcapacity, with all othersoperating a under satisfactoryconditions. This roadway sectionis transportationplanning for most of Lexingon County is coordinated with Central Midlands Council of locatedon US 1 (AugustaRoad) between S-7 1 (Waffling Governments.The CohunbiaAreaTransportatio,nStudy Road) and SC 12 (Jarvis Klapman Boulevard). Four (COATS)is approvedby the CentralMidlands Council minor arterialroadway segments have been identified as ofGovernmentsboard. COATSis coordinatedwith the operatingwithin a capacitydeficiency: stateDOT. The currentplan covers1998-2003. Acopy ofthis plan is availablethrough Central Midlands Council 1) US 1 (E/W Main Street) from US 378 (Columbia of Governments. Current plans include intersection Avenue) to SC 6 (N/S Lake Drive) improvements,airport area improvements, widening US 2) SC 602 (Platt SpringsRoad) from S-365 (Wilton Highway 378,Highway 6 Bypassand Dam project, and Road) to S-404 (Crapps Avenue) othersthroughout the county. Lexington County’s Department of Public Works 3) S-71 (Wattling Road) from US 1 (Augusta Road) to maintainsabout 766 miles of unpavedroads and 269 miles S-104(Old Barnwell Road) ofpavedroads.Around 8 milesof countyroads arepaved 4) S-757 (Harbison Boulevard) from l-26 to Country yearly,with prioritiesbased on suchfactors as traffic count, Squire Road maintenance costs and the number of households accessingthe roads.The Departmenthas 69 employees Akhough theremaining minor arterialsoperate under working out of headquarterson Ball Park Road near good conditions, S-36 (St. Andrews Road) betweenI- Lexingtonandthreeotherdistrictofficez.:onM~yLindler 26 and S-173 (Sidney Road) is nearing capacity. Road nearChapin, on SouthLee Streetnear Batesburg- Evaluationofmajorcollectorsinthe county indicatesthat a Leesville,and on Martin-NeeseRoad near Swansea. the following locationsare nearing or over capacity: It is clear that Lexington County’s development patternchanged from its initial developmentadjacent to SC 6 (N Lake Drive) from S-68 (Corley Mill Road) to US 378 (Sunset Boulevard)

25 COMMUNITY FACILITIES COATS-SIB MAP

MAP IS MAINTAINED AT THE CENTRAL MIDLANDS COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS. A SMALLER VERSION IS BEING PREPARED TO FIT HERE.]

COMMUNITY FACJLITIES 26 SC 6 (S Lake Drive) from US 1 (E Main Street) to SC 302 (Edmund Highway) 4) From Columbia through Cayce. Gaston, and Swansea and on southward, operated by CSX S-48 (Columbia Avenue) from S-49 (Clark Street) to l-26 Transportation. This line also hosts Amtrak 0 passenger trains. S-70 (Two Notch Road) from S-168 (Emanuel Church Road) to S-686 (Shirway Road) There are no places for passengersto board in Lexington County. The closestAmtrak station i,s in S-168 (Emanuel Church Road) from S-72 (West Dunbar downtownColumbia. Road) to S-70 (Two Notch Road)

S-370 (Ninth Street) from US 1 (Meeting Street) to S- Airports 280 (D Avenue) Air traffic coming into the countyhas the option of Transit Network landingattwopublic aitportsandseveralprivate runways. The two public airports are Columbia Metropolitan SouthCarolina Electric & Gasis theonly publictixed Airport, nearCayce and Spring&le, and Pelion Corporate routetransit provider in LexingtonCounty. Theutility ’s Airport. Columbia Metropolitan is a large, full servi,ce uniqueinvolvement in theprovisionofpublic tmnsportation airport with two long runways (8,600 and 7,001 feet) is theresult of commitmentsmade by thecompany in the anda newly rebuiltterminal. It providesscheduled airline late 1920sand upheldby the courts in the 1970s.This service for the region, servesgeneral aviation needs, commitmentto providepublic masstransportation was commercialcargo service and numerous freight operators. madein exchangefor SCE&G’suse ofpublic rights-of- ColumbiaMetro recentlyadded a UPShub to its list of way for electricand gas transmission. commericialclients. Two fixed-baseoperators also serve The systemhas a total of 34 fixed routesthat operate theMetro facility with variouscharter tlights. The airport dailywith anestimated 9,100 passengers per day. Service maintainsa newIydedicated air cargoterminal, expanded runs both weekday and weekend, with some routes andrenovated passenger terminal, ths ColumbiaAirport operatingtill midnight. Of the 34 fixed routes,4 routes Enterprise Park (CAE Park) and Foreign Trade Zone extendinto LexingtonCounty, covering the City of West #127. Columbia, City of Cayce, St. Andrews area and the Pelion CorporateAirport locatednear the Town of MetropolitanAirport. Pelionserves as a generalaviation airport with one long Anothertransit network operating in theurban area is runway (4,350 feet). Severalprivate air fields are also DART (Dial a Ride Transit). DART is a public transn scatteredthroughoutthecounty. Duringthe 1990’s,two systemproviding transportationfor disabledpeople. residentialsubdivisions have been built aroundprivate air DART is funded by SCE&G sincemost of SCE&rG’s fields. regularbuses are not handicapped-accessible. Other transportation modes Rail Network Walking trails and bike routes are slowly being LexingtonCounty ’srail linesradiate out &am the City developedthroughout the county. The majority of these ofColumbia. Thereare fourmajorroutes: trails are near subdivisions, parks, and along major highwa)is. 1) From Columbia through lrmo and Chapin to the northwest, operated by CSX Transportation,

2) From Columbia through Cayce, Lexington, Gilbert, Solid Waste Summit, and Batesburg-Leesville and on to the west, operated by NorfolkSouthern, LexingtonCounty ’sSolid Waste Departmentconsists of 12 convenience stations and approximately 65 3) From Columbia through Cayceand South Congaree to the Edmund community, operated by Norfolk personnelto servethe unincorporated areas of thecounty Southern. The rest of this line, to Pelion and on and four towns. Residentialcollections are in placefor southwest was abandoned in the 1990s.

27 COMMUNITY FACILITIES eightmunicipalities in thecounty Therecycling effort has Commercial: Commercialsolid wasteis collected beencenteredin the conveniencestations, although West by privatehaulers, except in a few municipalitieswhere olumbia,Town of Lexington,and Cayce have initiated somecommercial collection is apartof themunicipality ’s OE ilot curbsiderecycling programs. pickup. The cities of WestColumbia and Cayce cohect solidwaste from dumpsters.This serviceis geebut there Collection is a chargefor extra collection. The collection is done oncea week. Residential: Thereare five privatehaulers franchised TheTownofSpringdalealsocollectscommemialsolid by theCounty to pickup andhaul residential wastes from wastefrom dumpstersbut thereis a chargefor theservice. theunincorporated areas: David Ard’s for Pine Ridge, The collection is doneonce a week. SouthCongaree, and Gaston; Dreher Sanitation for Lake TheTown of Lexingtoncontracts with CCC for once Murray; HaganSanitation for Whitehall; and Johnson weekly collection. There is a chargeof $25.00 for an Sanitation for Irmo and Columbia; and Columbia extrapickup. ContainerCorporation for Mineral Springs/St.Andrews TheTownofBatesburg-InesvillecontmctswithCCC area. The major towns in the countyoperate their own for commercialcollection. Thecollection is doneonce a residentialcollection systems. week,from dumpsters.There is an extracharge for more The Citiesof WestColumbia and Cayce use garbage thanone pick up. bagsprovided by the City which arepicked up oncea Businessesin theTownsofChapin, Gaston and Irmo week at curb side in West Columbia and four days a areresponsible for theirown pick up. Theycontract with week in Cayce. There is no chargeto the residentsfor privatehaulers individually this servicewhich is propertytax financed. Springdaleoperates its own collectionsystem. The Industriak Solidwastes are hauled either by private Town usesroll cartsfor residentialand picks up twice a haulersor in somecaseshauled by theindustry itself, e.g., week for garbageand once for trash at the curb side. Allied Fiber,Pirelli Cableand Michelin. * ereis a basiccharge to theresident. Lexingtoncontracts residential solid waste collection Disposal to Carolina ContainerCorporation (CCC). The Town usesgarbage bags with curb side pick up oncea week. Lexington County owns and operatesa 478 acre ‘Ihisserviceispropertytaxtinancedwithnoservicecbarge landfill. The site is located near Edmundclose to the to theresidents. geographiccenter ofthe county In addition there are Batesburg-Leesville contracts with CCC for fo~industriallandfillspermjttedwithin’Lexington,Cotunty: residentialcollection. The collectionis doneonce a week i\llied Fibers,Owens Industrial, SC Electric and Gas, on the curb side. CCC providesthe residentswith roll and SoutheasternConcrete Products. carts.There is a chargefor this servicewhich appearson TheCounty started using convenience stations in 1990 the residents’waterbills. The yard trashis collectedby and 1991.All LexingtonCounty citizens, municipalities thetown andtaken to their own landfill. and franchised residential collectors bring normal The Town,of Chapin operatesits own collection householdtrash to thecounty landfill at no charge.other system. The residentialpick up is once a week on the commercialhaulers and private businessesare charged curbside. The residentsare provided with garbagebags. $20.00 a ton for constructionmaterial and debris,and Thereis no chargeto the residentsfor this service. $30.00 per ton for municipal solid waste. There is a Irmo contractswith BFI for residentialcollection for transferstation on theEdmund Landfill sitethat compacts which the residentsare charged $9.50 per month. the municipal solid waste which is then taken to the The Town of Gaston contractswith David Ard’s ChambersCorpotation landfill on ScreamingEagle Road Sanitationand the pick, up is twice a weekfrom roll carts in RichlandCounty on thecurbside. There is a monthly feeof$lO.OO that the TheTown of Batesburg-Leesvilleoperates a landfill ollectorcharges. for inert materials. The Town contractswith a private collectionagency for disposalofmunicipal solidwaste.

COMMUNITY FACILITIES 28 Public Safety Cnyce: The fire and the police departmentsin the City form thedivisionofPublic Safety, The division was movedto a separatebuilding within the municipal complex Fire Protection and Emergency Management in 1984.At thepresent time, thePublic SafetyDivision Systems has47 full time employeesincluding 35 swornofficers. The service area for the fire department extends Lexington County: The Countyprovides Fire and approximately 4 miles out of CayceCity limits. The EMS serviceto the entirecounty except portions of Inno, division has a total ofsix fire trucks in the station. The Batesburg-Leesville,West Columbia, and Cayce. The division alsoemploys six full time engineers.Out of the County does provide EMS services for Batesburg- 47 fi.111time employees33 arecross trained. Six citizen Leesville and Cayce.The offices of the Fire and EMS volunteersalso work for the department.EMS services Departmentsare in thebasement ofthe LexingtonCounty areprovided by the County. Administrationbuilding. The entiredepartment has 125 employeeswith approximately63 working for EMS and Irmo HreDktrict: Since 1963,fire protection in 65 forFire. In someinstances the Fireand EMS statiorrs the Town of Irma hasbeen provided by the Irma Fire are locatedtogether. There are two stand-aloneEMS District. Thedistrictboundariesincludethepartoftown stations,one in Batesburg-Leesvilleand the other near in LexingtonCounty, and the town contractswith theFire Swansea.Pelionand Batesburg-Leesville also have their District to servethe portion of Irmo in RichlandCounty. own rescuesquads. The boundariesalso stretch toward the SaludaRiver and I-20 to the southeast,and Cotdstream Drive to the Chapin: The main station is locatedon Lexington northwest. The District servesapproximately 65,000 Avenuebetween Columbia and Chapin Roadsand is a citizens,including all citizenswithin the town limits of Inno. partof theLexington County Fire Service. EMS operates There is one station located at the corner ofH,arbison out ofthis station24 hours,seven days a week. Most of Boulevardand St. AndrewsRoads. the time two paramedicsare on duty. Chapin also has two other stations. One is located 100 yards beyond Long Pine Drive on Amicks Ferry Road. This station wasestablished in 1994and is knownas the Atnicks Ferry Station. The other is locatedat the intersectionof Old Law Enforcement and Detention Lexington Highway andWessinger Road and is known Facilities as the CrossroadsStation. All three stationsare open twenty-fourhours, seven days a week. TheL&n&on Colmty Sheriffs Officeheadquarters and the County Jail arelocated at 521 Gibson Streetin Batesborg-Leesville: The Town operates two Lexi.ngton.There are several small substationsscattered volunteerfire stations.One islocated on WestColumbia acrossthe countywhere patrol and residentdeputies do Avenue,near Bethlehem Road on the Batesburgside of paper work. There are 266 employees;164 are sworn town. Theother is locatedon EastChurch Street between officers,with 134patrol personnel and detectives. There Bernard and Main near the Main Streetdistrict on the are 19 deputy districts. An addition was recently Leesvilleside. EMS servicesare provided by Lexington constructedto thejail andfurther expansion is currently county. underconsideration. The current prisoner capacity is 272 with the averagenumber ofinmates at 320. West Columbia: The City operatesone fire station, TheCity of Cayce PublicSafety Division is located with first respondentEMS services.The station is located within themunicipal office complex in a buildingseparate at 6 10 N. Twelfth Street,and operates24 hours a day from otherCity departments.Currently the department with 23 employees. There is a possibility for future has47 li.111time and35 swornofticers. expansion.The City servesareas such as Springdale and The Town of Irmo PoliceDepartment is locatedat out Highway. 1to Ermineand out Highway.378 to I-26 1239Columbia,4venue. The town has 16sworn officers undercontract with the LexingtonCounty Fire Service. andtwo administrativepersonnel.

29 COMMUNITY FACILITIES MAP OF FIRE/EMS STATIONS

[IHIS MAP IS AVAILABLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ON THE 5TH FLOOR OF THE LEXINGTON COUNTY ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. IT WILL BE REDUCED IN SIZE TO FIT THIS PAGE AT A FUTURE DATE.]

COMMUNITY FACILITIES 30 The City ofWest Columbia PobceDepartment has ninelighted and five unlightedsoccer/football fields, 42 44 full-time employeesand 5 part-timereserve officers. tenniscourts,seven,multipurpose courts, six racquetball Out of the44 full-time employees,35 arepolice officers, courts,three sandvolleyball courts,playgrounds, six andnineare administrative personnel. There ate six officers gymnasiums(another six areutilized throughthe school and one dispatcheron duty at any given time. The City districts), six seniorcenters, three leisure centers, three alsohas two part-timesubstations. One is locatedin the communitybuildings, and a dancestudio. leasingoffices ofGentle Pines Apartments at North Brown Lexington County also has a special purpose Streetand the other in WestbridgeApartments at 100B recreation district, the Irmo/Chapin Recreation Avenue.There are no majorexpansion plans for thenear Commission. The office is locatedat 200 LeisureLane fiam. nearIrmo. SaludaShoals Park is a 250 acrepark on the The Town of Springdale Police Departmenthas SaludaRiver, off Bush River Road. It includes Hope recentlymoved into a separatebuilding behind the Town Ferry Landing,a naturecenter, picnic areas,and walking Hall. The newoffice hasadequate office space,lockers, trails. This commissionmaintains parks in Chapin anda showerroom. The staffincludesthe Chief, a Captain The City of Cayce is becoming an important a Sergeant,four deputies,and two reserves.There is an recreationaldestination in the metropolitan area. The anticipatedincrease of reservesin thenear future. CayceRiverwalk Developmentnear the river front will The Town of Lexington PoliceDepartment has 22 be a major drawingcard for visitors,as well asa catalyst officers, including four detectives. The department forriverfront residentialdevelopment. GuignardPark headquartersis in City Hall. Thereis alsoan oftice at the recentlyconcluded several improvements. federallysubsidized ParkNorthapartments on OldChapin The Richland County Recreation Commission Road. This office is utilized for paperwork. overseesthe parks and recreationwithin the Town of The Town of Chapin Police Departmenthas a full ho. time Chiefalong with a Captainand three oficers that The Lexbqton County Recreation CommMon work part-time.Typically, four nightsa weekam covered maintains most of the parks in the City of West by Town of Chapinofllcers and the other three nights are Columbia. The City doesmaintains the CarrawayPark coveredby residentdeputies of the Sheriff’soffice. on HudsonStreet. This park features a playground, picnic The Town of Batesburg-Leesvflle Police shelters,and benches. Departmenthas a total of 19uniformed officers and five Thereare two parkswithin theTown of Springdale, dispatcher/jailers.There are no satelliteof&es and no theFelton C. BentonPark next to theTown Hall and the immediateplans to establishany. The town is divided SpringdaleTown Park. Both featureplaygrounds and into four districts,with teamsof four workingtwo, twelve picnicshelters and are maintained by theLexington County hour shifts. The town would like to hire moreoflicem. RecreationCommission. The City of Columbia PoliceDepartment provides In the Town of Chapin, the parks and other law enforcementof theportion of Lexington County it recreationalfacilities are maintained by the lrmo-Chapin annexedintheHarbisonBoulevardarea.There isapolice RecreationCommission. See the list underTrmo-Chapin substationat 131 Lake Murray Boulevard. RecreationCommission. The Town of Lexington has two parkswith 10acres ofdevelopedland. The Corley StreetPark is a 3.5 acre Recreation facility with playground spraypool, andpicnic shelter. The Virginia Hylton Park,behind Town Hall, hasseven Parks acresdeveloped with walking trails,a specialneeds park, stagearea, goldfish pond, and an extensivegarden system. The Lexington County Recreation & Aging Otherland maybe developedin the future. In addition to all the governmentfacilities, South Commission Administrative Office is locatedat 563 SouthLake Drive in theTown of Lexington,l/2 mile f&n CarolinaElectric & Gashas picnic areasand boat landings the County Administrationbuilding. The Recreation& on both sidesofthe Lake ‘MurrayDam. Thesefacilities Aging Commissionmaintains26 lightedand two unlighted areavailable to the public for a nominal fee. athleticfields, 39 lightedand fiveunlighted baseball fields,

31 COMMUNITY FACILITIES MAP OF PARK LOCATIONS

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COMMUNJJY FACILITIES 32 Education studentsand growing rapidly. The Districtis considering constructionof a middleschool and elementary school in theDutch Fork andChapin area. There are also plans to Schools replace the portable class rooms with permanent There are five school distrmts in the county: structures. Lexington County School District One, Lexington Mkllands Technical Coon@ School District Two, Lexington County Othersignificant schoolsare College and WiI Lou Gray Opportunity School. School District Three, Lexington County School District Four, andSchool District E”fveof Lexington MidlandsTechnicalCollege has 3 metropolitanlocations. Thetwo LexingtonCounty locations are Airport Campus, and Richland Counties. Enrollmentlisted is for 1998- 1999. Lexington County school studentsand schools with 16 buildings on 65 acres,and HarbisonCampus, consistentlyrank at thehighest levels in the statefor test with 7 buildings on 19 acres. In addition to technical scores,scholarship offers, percentagegoing to college, trainingprograms Midlands Technical College provides aswell asother national recognitions. specializedtraining for areabusinesses and two-year courseworkthattnmsferstoareacollegesand universities. District One enrollment is 15,906 students. In WI1 Lou GrayOpportunity School campus comprises 87 addition to the schoolslisted in Table21, the district is acresin Springdale. The schoolserves At-Risk 16,17, and 18 year old high school dropouts in a residential building SouthLexington High Schoolon a 100 acresite on Platt Springs Road. Other major expansionplans environment.It is hometo YouthChallenge Academy, a includeLake I&nay ElementarySchool and a newPelion military styleprogram designed on leadership,teamwork andself-discipline as taught and modeled within a quasi- High School. District One is the largest district in Lexington County both by geograph,icalsize and by military framework. It is an entity ofthe stateof South Carolina. numberofpupils. In addition to the public school facilities, there are severalprivate and church schools within thecounty. District Two enrollment is approximately 9,400 students.There are two high schools,4 middle schools, 9 elementaryschools, and a continuingeducation center thatincludesanalt Phil. Therearenoimmediate Museums plansfor additions/renovationsof instructionalfacilities. The fact that the population is shrinking in someareas Lexington County Museam while increasingin others presentsa challengeto the District. The LexingtonCounty Museum opened in 1970 asa cooperativeeffort by LexingtonCounty government and District Three enrollment is approximately2,3 14 the LexingtonCounty ‘HistoricalSociety. Its purposeis studentsand has four schools.Construction is underway to collect, preserve, display and research~objects for anew elementaryschool onHighway 245,two miles pertaining to the history of the county. The museum from the middle school. Construction is likely to be openedin thehistoric John Fox House,an 1832home of completein time for next year The District hasreceived a localplanter and politician, whosetwo storyhouse had permissionto investigatea site fo,rthe constructionof a beenplaced on theNationalRegister of Historic Places. new middleschool five yearshorn now. It waspurchased by LexingtonCounty in 1969.Located at the intersection of Highway 378 and Fox Street in District Four enrollment is approximately 2,399 downtown Lexington the site hasexpanded to include students.Voters in thedistrict passed 2 bondreferendums five acresof land with a modemexhibit building and 1S in 1999 to construct a new elementaryschool and an historic building that havebeen relocated. Three 18th intermediateschool as well aspay for improvementsto century log cabins,two early 19thcentury frame farm SwanseaHigh School. houses,a 1790lawyers ’office from GranbyVillage, an 1815oneroomschoolhouseandmanyoutbuildingsdisplay DisMct Five enrollment is approximately 13,000 numerousartifacts depicting the county’shistory. The

33 COMMUNITY FACILITIES SCHOOL LOCATIONSAND DISTRICT BOUNDARIESMAP

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COMMUNITY FACILITIES 34 variedcollectionside anawardwinningtextile collection services,Internet usage,and materialsborrowed via ofquiltsand woven coverlets, country &rniture, horse drawn interlibraryloan. vehiclesand farm implements. Toursare conducted by costumedguides for ofschool childrenand curious adults eachyear. In fiscal year 1997-1998,there were 11,830 Government Facilities visitorsviaschool tours, non-school toursrepresentcd X31, and 1,093 from ‘drop-in’ visits to the museum. These Administration totaledto 13,754for that year. The Lexhgton County Admhdstmtion Building Cayce Museum is located at 2 12 S. Lake Drive (Highway 6 nearthe intersection with US Highway 1) in the Town of Located in the CayceCity Hall Complex,the Cayce Lexington. Thebuilding houses the major government Museum chronicles the history of the first European officesincluding Administration, Communications and settlementintheMidlandsofSouthCatolina.Themuseum EMS, Finance,Tax Assessor,Personnel, Register of interpretsthe agricultural, social, and cultnral heritage of Deeds, Planning, Zoning, Building Inspections, Old SaxeGotha, Granby, Cayce, and West Columbia. Procurement,Auditor, andTreasurer. ExhibitsemphaslzeperiodsofColonia1 trade, agricultural The Lexington County Courthouse is locatedat developmentand transportation from the 18thCentury to the intersectionof S.Lake Dr (SCHighway 6) andMain thepresent. It includesmemorabilia of Lord Comwallis, Street(USHlghway1)intheTounofLexington. Commanderof British forcesin the South,Cayce family Cayce City Hall is located on 12th Street. The fumishingsofthe 1Sthcentury, and exhibits ofthe Congaree Administrative offices, Planningandzoning, Public Indians who residedin the area. Original mapsof Saxe Works,Parks and Solid Waste Departments are located GotbaTownship are on displayas well asa detailedsketch in theCity Hall. of the village of Granby circa 1774. Separatebuildings Irma Town Hail is located at 7300 Woodrow include akitchen,familydaii, andsmokehouseappropriate Street. The Town Manager’s Office, Zoning, and to theera. Numerousgroups visit for educationalprograms BusinessLicense Divisionsarelocated there. ho Tow andtours. Policeheadquarters are located in the new Younginer Building behind the Town Hall. Irmo hasan unusual situation of straddling two counties,Lexington and Li%raries Richland. Countyservices provided to Irmo’s citizens areoffered appropriately by eachof thecounties. The CountyPublic Library Systemis comprisedof a WestColumbiaCityHaUislocatedat 1053Center mainlibrary, eight branches, and a bookmobile.The library Streetin WestColumbia. The Zoning, Water and Sewer systemhasundergone tremendous growth in thelast several Administration,Fire andPoliceDivisions and the City years in responseto the rapid growth taking place in ManagersOffice arelocatedin the City Hall. Lexington County. As of the spring of 1999the system Springdale Towa Hall is located at 29 15 Platt comprises113,000 square feet. Five new buildings have SpringsRoad. In add&ionto theAdministrator ’soffice, beenconstructed, a sixth is beingrenovated, and a seventh theTown Hall housesthe Police Department. is being designed.The library systemis fully automated Lexington Town Hall is located on 111Maiden and offers internet and on-line databaseaccess at every Lanealong with thePolice Department, Building Permits, branch. Thelarger buildings have meeting rooms that are Building/Zoning, Economic Development and availablefor public use. Customersenjoythe benefitsof Administration. an intra-library and imer-library loan system. Library Chapln Town Hall along with the Police branchesare located in Batesburg-Leesville,Cayce- West Departmentis locatedat 103Columbia Avenue. The Columbia,Chapin, Gaston, Gilbert-Snmmit, Irmo, Pelion, otherdepartments in theTownHall areUtility Director, andswansea.TnemainlibraryisinthcTownof~~gton. Municipal Clerk, Clerk of Court, BusinessLicense, Library use is growing significantly as measuredby Zoning,Sign Permits, and Administration. registered borrowers, reference transactions, group Batesbnr&xsv3lle Town HalI is locatedat 105 Main Street along with Building Permits, Business 35 COMMUNITY FACILITIES Licenses,SignPermits, and Administration. Police Department Social Services is locatedat 660 W. ColumbiaAvenue (US Highway 1). SwanseaTown Ball is locatedat 300 WestThi,rd Street. The Lexington County Social Services at thousesthe Building Permits,Business Licenses, Police (in Department is locatedat 541 Gibson Street in adjoiningbuilding), Administrative, and Sanitationdivisions. theTown of Lexington.The department deals with Gas~onTownHzxUislocatedat186N. CarlisleStreet. In child abusecases, child protection and various state addition to the Administrative office the town hall housesthe programsrelated to family andchild issues. Police,Building Permits, and Business License division. GflbertTown Hall is locatedat 345 HamptonStreet. The office is openonly during theTown Councilmeeting hours. Summit Town Hall is located at 32 1 Old Broad Street. The ofke is openonly duringthe Town Council meeting hours. PeJjonTownHaUislocatedat1010MainStreet. Besides the Administrative offices, Town Hall houses the Water Department,Building Permits, and Business License Division.

Public Works

The County Public Works offke is locatedon 440 Ball ParkRoad. The road maintenance and public works engineering departmentsare located here. In additionthe county has several districtmaintenance bases. The County Solid Waste Division alongwith theCounty aL andiill areheadquartered at 498 Landfill Lanein Lexington. The City of Caycc Public Works administrativeoffice is locatedwithin the City Hall. The City ofCayce provides i,ts own waterand sewerservice. Someof thejurisdictions in LexingtonCounty do nothave a separatePublic Works Division but someassociated functions arecarried out by staff in thetow&city halls.

Health

The Lexington County Health Department is locatedat 112West Hospital Drive bebind Lexington Medical Center. The departmentserves the population for adultichildimmunizations, environmentaIhealth, family planning and other similar functions. The Lexington Medical Center, located on Sunset Boulevard (US Highway 378) at Interstate26, has292 beds with severalcenters located throughout the county. These centers offer a wide rangeof servicesincluding occupationalmedicine, urgentand primary care, and various specialty services. Contact e websitefor moreinformation at http:www.lexmed.com.

COMMUNITY FACILITIES 36 I,n 1990the Pelionarea and the RedBank areawere both sparselypopulated and rural in charactereven with POPULATION the additionalgrowth. The westernDutch Fork areawas more denselypopulated in a suburbangrowth pattern. l ELEMENT While the areasto the south and west of the Town of Lexingtonwere sparsely populated, areas to theeast were a little moredensely populated. The easternDutch Fork area,and areascontaining the City of WestColumbia Historic *ends and Projections andthe Ci,tyofCayceweredenseIypopulatedmamore urbanfashion. Overview LexingtonCounty’spopulationprojeotion,bytheS.C. Budget and Control Board, Office of Researchand WhatoriginallybeanasahandfUlofsmallsettlements Statistics,is expectedto be 26.6% growth Tom 1990to in 1718,has blossomed into the second-fastestgrowing 2000. This will be the state’shighest increasefor any county in the state. Major travel routes, the Congaree county. South Carolina is projected to have a 12.22% River, the Charlestonto Augusta Railroad, and various percentagegrowth during the 1990s. The County’s trading trails were instrumental in the county’s early percentagegrowthis projectedto be 20.45%from 2000 development.Today, those same factors fuel Lexington to 2010-the fourth largestpercentagegrowthinthe state. County’sgrowth. Locatedin the ColumbiaMetropolitan During that decade the state is projected to have a StatisticalAma(MSA),withpartoftheCityofCoIumbia percentagegrowth of 10.55%. within its borders,two interstatehighways traversing its Within the county, the areaspredicted to have the length, and much of beautiful Lake Murray within it, highest percentagegrowth from 1990 to 2000 are the LexingtonCounty offers a wide varietyofbenefits to both Town of Lexington and the Red Bank areas. This old andnew residents. continuesthe trendstarted in the 1980s.Areas near Lake From 1970 to 1990 the population of Lexington Murray and in the central part of the County are also 0 County almost doubled-from 89,012 to 167,600. By predictedto grow signinificantlyin the 1990s.Because the the 1990Census it had the fifth largestpopulation iu the easternDutchFork, WestColumbia, and Cayceareas state.Lexington County ’spercentage growth from 1980 arealready densely populated, they arepredicted to have to 1990was the sixth largest in the stateat 19.4%. By slightgrowth during that time. Densitieswithin theCounty comparison,the Stateof SouthCarolina grew by 11.72% are predicted to changelittle except for the Red Bank during that samedecade. areawhich is predictedto becomesignificantly denser 1998 population estimatesby the Bureau of the from 1990 to 2000. Censuslisted Lexington County as having the second Much of the growth in the areasaround the Town of highestpercentage grow?h in SC countiesfrom 1990to Lexingtoncanbe tied to the expandedprovision ofwater 1998 at 22.5%. By comparison, South Carolina was andsewer to thoseareas by the Lexington County Joint estimatedto grow in populationby 10%during thattime. Municipal Waterand SewerCommission and the Town, The only county in the statethat had a higher estimated of Lexington. Much of the subdivision growth that percentage increase was Beaufort County (26.1%). occurred before 1980 and even some into the 1990s Growthin LexingtonCounty was widely scattered among utilized wells and septictanks which requireslarger lot manydevelopments throughout the county during that time sizes. Subdivision growth in the mid to late 1990shas period with evenrural areasexperiencing growth. beenalmost entirely where water and sewer are available. Within the county,the westernDutch Fork areanear This changehas meant smaller lots and more lots per Lake Murray, the Red Bank areasouth of the Town of subdivision with extremely large subdivisionssuch as Lexington,and the greaterPeIion area in the southcentral Governor’sGrant now a possibility. Plannedwater and areaofthe County hadthe greatestpercentage change in sewerexpansions in the Red Bank, Edmund,and Pelion population from 1980 to 1990. Areas in the Town of areasalong with the Corley Mill Road area will mean I-exingtonareaandwithincloseproximitytotIakeMunay moreresidential and industrial development in thoseareas alsohad significantgrowth during thatdecade. in the future.

37 Leesvillearea. Areaswith the highestconcentrations of whitesin LexingtonCounty in 1990were in theTown of Lexington County’s median age in 1990 was 32.6 Lexington area and a small censustract in the West I) years.This wasa significantchange from themedian age Columbiaarea which alsohas a veryhigh concentration of 28.7 in 1980. The median age for males was 32.2 ofresidents who are 65 yearsofage or older. years,and medianage for femaleswas 33.6 years. The In 1990,98.5%ofLexington Countyresidents were medianage in SouthCarolina in 1990was 32 years. U.S.natives, as compared to 98.6%of SouthCarolinians In 1990,28.6%of the population was 25 - 44 years thatwere U.S. natives. Also, 96.6%OfLexington County of age, while 12.6% were over 60 years old. The residentsage 5 yearsand older spoke only En&shin 1990. percentageof children 0 to 17 yearsof age was down Thisis almostidentical to the96.5% of SouthCarolinians from 30.9%in 1980to 26.6%in 1990.The samesegment age5 yearsand older who spokeonly Englishduring that statewide was 26.4% in 1990. The percentage of sametime period. retirementage persons (age 65 plus years)was 8.9% in 1990,up from 6.8% in 1980. Statewidethe percentage sex ofpersons 65 plus yearswas 11.4%in 1990. The densely populated WestColumbia areahad a In 1990,51. I % of the personsin Lexington County higherpercentage of its populationover 65 yearsofage wenfemaleand48.9 wemmale.This isalmostidentical than other areasofthe County in 1990. The suburban to the stateof South Carolina at 52% female and 48% Inno, easternDutch Fork, and Red Bank areashad a male. The United Statespercentages of femaleand male higher percentageof population 17 years of age or wereidentical to LexingtonCounty in 1990. younger.Housing stock in the WestColumbia area was Accordingto populationestimates by Age and Race olderin 1990,withmany apartmentsavailable, including in 1996 done by the State Budget & Control Board, a good numberof subsidizedhousing units. Housingin Office ofResearchandStatistics, thepercentageofmales the easternDutch Fork and Red Bank areastends to be in Lexington County was greateruntil the ageof 20-24 mid-pricesingle family-often soughtby youngfamilies. years,then held steady at 48.9%males and 51. I% females This information indicatesthat, asin the rest ofthe until age 60, when the percentageof femalesbegan to stateand the country thepopulation of LexingtonCounty increasesteadily. This indicatesthat ahigherpercentage is getting older. We haverelatively fewer children and of our seniorcitizens in Lexington County are females, more retirementage persons each census. Aging baby while percentagesare basicalIy even in younger age boomets,fe~~~childrenperfamily,andincreasedlonge~~~ groups. This is especiallytrue in residents75 yearsand areall factorsin this trend. The attractionsof Lexington older. Countyfor retirement- Lake Murray,close proximity to healthcare, interstate travel options -also contribute to Migration this trend. Le~xingtonCounty had the fifth highestnet migmtion Race numbersin SouthCarolina from 1980to 1990,trailing only Horry, Berkeley,York, and DorchesterCounties. LexingtonCounty had a largelyCaucasian population Of the 14,369net personswho migratedinto Lexington in 1990with87.9% white, 11%black,andon.ly I .l%of County,83% werewhite, 17%were nonwhite, 54% were other races(Hispanic, Asian, American Indian, etc.). femaleand46% weremaIe. SouthCarolina as a wholewas much mom diverse during Net migration representsfifty-three percentof the the sametime period with 69% white, 30% black, and population increasein Lexington County from 1980to 2% other races. Lexington County wasmore similar to 1990and47% wasattributed to naturalincrease (births). theUnited Statesas a whole in 1990racially - SO%white, In 1990,68% of the Lexington County population was 12%black, but differed dramaticallyfrom the 16.6%of born in SouthCarolina. Over half ofthose born outside ther races. of SouthCarolina wereborn in the South. Spartanburg e Areas with higher concentrations of blacks in County was the only SC county to have a higher Lexington County in 1990were in the more urbanized percentageofnative born citizens in the 1990Census areasofWest Columbiaandcayce, and in the Batesburg- (amonglarge counties). 38 ‘Estimates for 1999 by the Bureau of the Census third Iowestpercentage ofpersons 18 yearsor older with indicatethatLexingtonCoulltyhadthrhi~~netmigration lessthan a 9&grade education in the Stateat 7.5% (S.C. in the State from 1990 to 1998 at 25,414 persons. By percentagewas 11.8%),and the third lowestpercentage comparison, the next highest net migration was Horry of persons of the same age with some high school County with 24,460persons during thatsame time period. educationbut no diplomaat 15.3%(S.C. percentage was Also 67% ofthe populationincrease during that time was 18.7%). This indicatesavery educatedpopulationwith attributedto tretmigration, while only 33% wasattributed a low percentageofpersons with little or no high school to natural increase(births and deaths). education. The Countyhas a very low private schoolenrollment Household Numbers and Sizes for gradesK-l 2. This is a result of the excellentquality of the public school systemwhose individual schools There were 61,633 households in 1990, with 2.7 regularly place among the top schools in the State personsper household. Of those, 47,274 (76%) were academicallyat all levels. Lexington County alsohas a family households,with 3.1 personsper family. Ofthe very low percentageof dropoutsfrom grades9-l 2, with familyhouseholds,38,822 (82%) ofthose weremarried only 2.5”% of studentsin the 1994-95 school year. The couple families. Of the 14,359non-family households, County also had the highest percentageof high school 11,622(81%) were personswho were livingalone, and studentsthat went directly into post secondaryeducation 1,389 personswere in group quarters (nursing homes, after graduatingin the Statein the Fall of 1995at 77.2%. group carefacilities, etc.). Within LexingtonCounty, the amathat hasthe largest Within the County, areaswith the largestnumber of percentagesof persons 18 years and older who have personsper household(2.9 or greater)were in the Irma/ bachelorsor graduatedegrees are in theIrmoIDutchFork Dutch Pork areaand the areassouth and west of Cayce. area. Those areasare developed in a very suburban Other areaswith largenumbers ofpersonsper household manner,andare in closeproximity to the urbanarea. The were areas that also had large numbers of persons 17 areaswith the highest percentagesofpersons 18 years andyoungerin 1990. Areaswithlownwnbersofpersons and older who have lessthan a 91hgrade education are per household(2.3 or lower) were in the WestColumbia thegreater BatesburgEeesville area and the greater Pelion, area and the eastern Dutch Fork area. Those West Swansea,and Gastonareas. Those areasare very rural Columbia areashad high percentagesof population 65 in characterand much lessdensely populated, andare years or older in 1990 and were developed in a more much more distantfrom the urban area. denseurban pattern. The easternDutch Fork areahad a Although L,exingtonCounty has only two satellite high percentageof persons 1S to 64 years in 1990 and campusesof Midlands Technical College - a two year was developedin a mediumdensity suburbanpattern. technical institution located within its borders,but it is The Town of Lexington areahad the highestnumber fortunate to have a wide range of institutions of higher ofpersons in group quarters ofany area in the County educationwithinclose drivingmnge. NewberryCollege, with 629 persons in 1990. This high number can be Allen University,Benedict Collrge, Columbia International attributedto severalnursing homes (including the former University,and ColumbiaCollege are all privatefour year Rikards Nursing Home) and several group housing senior colleges that are located nearby. Midlands situationsaffiliated with BabcockCenter. TechnicalCollege ’smain campus is locatedwithin theCity of Columbia. Lexington County is fortunate that the Educational Levels Universityof SouthCarolina ’smain campus is in Columbia This universityhas an excellentnational and international Lexington County had the fourth highestpercentage reputation. of persons 18 years of age and older that had graduate degreesinthestatein1990at6.0%,behindonlyRichktnd, Income Characteristics Beaufort,and Charleston Counties (S.C. percentage was 4.6% in 1990). It alsohad the fourth highestpercentage Per capita personal income in 1996 was $21,970. ofpersons 18 yearsof age and older that had bachelors This placedLexington County as the fifth highestin the degreesin the state in 1990 at 13.3% (SC. percentage state behind Beaufort, Greenville, Richland, and was 10.4%). In 1990, Lexington County also had the CharlestonCounties. Percapita income in 1996in South

39 Carolinawas $19,898 and $24,436 in theUnited States. Health Characteristics In 1989,6.3%of familiesin LexingtonCounty were elow poverty status.This was a declinefrom, 7.6% of Kids Count providesa wide arrayof,pertinent data a amiliesin 1979. 8.4%ofpersons in Le.xingtonCounty for eachcounty in the state. Kids Count datais offered werebelowpoverty in 1989.Alarge percentage(l4.4%) on the web by The State Budget and Control Board, of those persons were age 65 or older, and a high Office of Research and Statistics, Health and percentage(33%) were children 17 yearsor younger. DemogaphicsSection at http://~~.orss.s~te.sc.usi. Overtwenty six percentofthose personswere in female Low birthweight babiesare oAen a specialconcern headedhousehold with children 17years or younger. for the stateof SouthCarolina. Low birthweightofless Only 6.5% of whites were below poverty level in than 5.5 pounds,and very low birthweight ofless than 1989, but of those 11.9%were age 65 or older. Also, 3.5 pounds,are associated with healthrisks and growth 18.8%were in femaleheaded households with children anddevelopment problems. In, 1996,239or 8.3% ofall 17years or younger.Over twenty four percentof blacks babies in Lexington County were born with low in Lexington Countywere below poverty level in 1989, birthweigbt:12%ofAticanAmericanandOtherbabies and of those59% were children age 17 or younger,and and 7.4% of White babies. During 1994-96, 40.8% were persons65 years or older. Almost thirty approximately122 or 1.5%of all babieswere born with ninepercent ofthe blackpopulation below poverty level very low birthweight and had the most serious werein femaleheaded hotiholds with childrenunder 17 complications. yearsof age. Immunization ratesare an important indication of In 1989,the medianpersonalincome was$21,750 whetheryoung children are receiving adequate preventive for males, and $11,613 for females. The median healthcare. During FY 1989-90,58.3%ofchildren less householdincome for Lexington County was $32,914, thantwo yearsold seenin public healthclinics werenot andthemedianfamilyincomewas $37,358. Almost 16% f.?~llyimmunized a&tit suchpreventable diseases as Polio, of householdsmade over $60,000, while 18.5% of Measles,Diphtheria, Tetanus, Haemophilus Influenza B 0 householdsmade less than $15,000in 1959. In 1989, and Whooping Cough. After a concerted statewide 19.1%offamiliesm,adeover$60,000, while 12.4%made campaignto increaseimmunizations, the percentage of lessthan $15,000. childrenseen in publichealth clinics in LexingtonCounty In 1998,estimates by the U.S.Dept. OfHousingand who were not fully immunizedhad declined to 33% in Urban Development listed the median income for 1998.TheDHECstatewidebirthregistrysurveyofall2 Lexingtonand Richland Countiesat $45,600 (the estimate yearold childrenfound that 91.9% were fully immunized was doneby MSA), which rankedbehindYorkConnty in 1997-98.This successdemonstrates the potential to at $49,600and BeaufortCounty at $47,500. improvethe statusof childrenwhen the leadership ofthe Within Lexington County, a high percentageof stateand its communitiesact decisively together. househal,dsand families that made$75,000 or more in 1989were located inthe greaterCbapin area, the western Dutch Fork area,the Corl,eyMill Road area, and the northwesterncorner of WestColumbia. Alarge number ofhouseholdsand families that madeless than $30,000 werelocated in thegreater Batesburg/Leesville area, the majorityof WestColumbia and Cayce, the greater Pelion areasouth of RedBank, and the area northwest ofGaston and southof Cayce.The more areasdeveloped into an urbanpattern and the more rural areastended to have householdsand families w?th lower incomes.The areas developedin a moresuburban pattern - especiallyaround e Munay -tendedto havemuch higher incomes. Areas tiik in the center of the County tendedto be more middle classinnatie.

40 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ELEMENT

Labor Force

LexingtonCounty’seconomicgmwthisoneoftheforcesthat fUelsthegrowthoftheColumbiahletropolitaIlArea. TheCentral Midland counties work togetherto strengthenthe regional economy. Lexington County Council encourages economicgrowth in collaborationwith the CentralCarolina Economic Development Alliance. Jobcreation in Lexington County during the latter half of the 20th century has been remarkable. We have changedfrom a county with a predominantlyfarm-oriented economy to avery robustmixed economy of farm,high technology,service industries, healthservices, and assorted other systems.The unemploymentrate for Lexington County continuesto be oneofthe lowest in the state. We continue to be able to expandthe number ofjobs by population growth and an increasing numberofpeople who commuteinto the county. TABLE 1 Lexington County Annual Average Labor Force - 1992 To 1998 Ibar- TotaI.Emaloved Total Unemployed o/ of Labor Force 1992 lcQ,o40 95,830 4,210 4.20 1993 100,850 95,930 4,9io 4.90 1994 106,OGO 102,300 3,760 3.50 1995 109,730 106,440 3,290 3.00 1996 109,4Jo 105,810 3,630 3.32 1997 114,030 111,260 2,770 2.43 1998 117,430 115,700 1,730 1.50 Source:South Carolina EmploymentSecurity Commission, Labor Market Division, I999

The resultinggrowth in the ColumbiaMetropolitan Region has brought about developmentin manyof Lexington County’sservice-related industries, including businessand personal services, construction, finance, government and retail trades.AU sectors have undergone significant increases within thepast few decades.Lexington County presently has a well balanced,diversified labor force with the trade sector being the largestemployee group with 20500, followed by serviceswith 14800,and manufacturing with 12800.

TABJ.X.2 Lexington County Unemployment Rate

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 TABLE3 Non-Farm Employment Changes By Industry Em Leha 1970 ICE% lJE!6 Manufachxing 2400 4200 8200 13100 12800 Construction 8r Mining 500 800 1500 5500 6000 Transportation 91Public Utilities 700 800 1000 5100 5300 Trade 900 1600 3400 19300 20500 Finance, Ins. & Real Estate 100 200 400 2GQO 2cOo Services 600 700 1700 13700 14800 Government 1300 1800 2600 10800 11500 TOTAL (Non-farm employed) 12100 15340 24000 69400 72900

Source: S.C. Employment Security Commission, L&or Market Division. 199547

Lexington County’s labor force has undergonesome significant changesover the past fifty years. Lexington County hasemerged Tom its predominantly agricuhuralpast into a well balanced,diversified economy.The county enjoysa strategiclocation in termsofmarket accessand accessibility,a positive economicdevelopment climate, an expandinginfrastructure, excellent school systems, anda high quality of living. All this makesLexington County an attractiveplace to live, work and do business.industrial growth fuels the growth in manyother sectorssuch as trade, services,and govemment. Central Carolina Economic Development Alliance lists the four Largestprivate sector employers s,AlliedSignal(1332),MichelinTireCorp. (130Ci),NCRCorp.(952),andUnionSwitch&Signa1(500),respectively. e+ Expansionof existing industriessuch as Michelin, (1997) and the opening of the United ParcelService ’ssoutheast regional air cargohub, (July 1994) haveadded significantly to Lexington County’sgrowing economy. The followingfannrelatedstatisticsclarifyhow importantfarming is in LexingtonCounty.LexingtonCounty ranks third in the statein total cashreceipts from farm products. There are 94,200 acresof farmland in the county divided amon,g820 farms. The averagefarm sizeis 11S acres. Total receiptsfrom farming were $8 1,182,000in 1994. The number one crop in terms ofplanted acresis hay. The county ranks number one in vitamin Aproduction, i.e. leafy greenvegetables.

42 Table5 showsthe commutingpatterns for workers living in Lexington County.Although Lexington County’s economyis still closelytied to theColumbia Metropolitan Area ’seconomy it is clearthat it hasemerged as a major employmentcenter itself, with 19,456workers commuting into thecounty, and 44,885 residents commuting out ofthe 0 county. TAnrnS 1990 Worker Communting Patterns Lexington County, South Carolina In from Cow&y Out from Coun,b! AbbeviIle 2 Abbeville 6 Aiken 707 Aiken 637 Anderson 9 Allendale 8 Bamberg 15 Anderson 41 BarmvelI 62 Ban&erg 14 Beaufort 35 Bamwell 55 Berldey 31 Beaufort 38 Calhoun 781 Berkley 20 CharIeston 62 CdhOlUl 226 Chester 10 Charleston 220 Clarendon 62 Cherokee 6 Kershaw 355 Greenville 95 Lancaster 35 Greenwood 22 L,aurens 33 Hampton IO Lee 25 Harry 50 Marlboro 7 Kershaw 187 Newberry 710 Laurens 29 Orangeburg 811 Lee 5 Pickens 17 Marion 11 Richland 13,330 McCormick 2 Saluda 1,365 Newberry 383 Sw-burg 39 Oconee 16 Sumter 120 Orangeburg 435 union 16 Pickens 17 York 34 Richland 40,045 Columbia,Ga 17 Saluda 243 Effinw Ga 7 60 McDuftie,Ga 2 Sumter 180 Richmond Ga 21 WIiamsbrag 39

43 44 HOUSING a ELEMENT

The gowthof residentialhousings in LexingtonCounty has been phenomenal for thelast 20 years.The population hasgrown from 89,012 in 1970to an estimated205,260 in 199s. The housingindustry hasexperienced a boom that haaaffected all sectorsof the housingmarket. The county hasnew upscaledevelopments that include many homes presentedin the media for the specialvisual effects and features. At the sametime the county hasa few areasof manufacturedhousing that are accessible only by 4 wheeldrive vehicles.This differencein housingoptions and values is a topic of conversation in the county. The generalconcerns are for adequate,safe, affordable housing for our citizens. Becauseof the continuing population growth Lexington County real estateis a soundinvestment. The cost of housinghas remained below the stateand nationalaverage. A majordriving forcefor the continuedgrowth in the numberofhousing unjts and the variety of subdivisionsis the high reputationof the Lexington County schools.Other prime factorsin the growth of the county are the diversityof work choicesavailable, the proximity to LakeMurray, the lifestyleafforded in thedifferent regions of the county- f?om ‘scenicrural ’ to ‘small town’ to ‘suburban’or evento ‘downtown.’ In the pasttwenty yearsthe type of residentialstructures built in Lexington County hasshifted. Lnthe 1970sthe majority of new houseswere site built. In the 1990sthe balanceof new housesshifted to more of a balanceof traditionalsite built housesand manufactured home. As chart2 showsthere has been adefinite change in theproportion ofbuilding permitsissued. 0 Accordingto a housingpermit study for 1975-l996 (Central Midlands Council of Governments)Lexington County ’s percentageoftheColumbiaMSAhousinghasmngedfrom59% to38%. Using 5 yearsectionsthegeneralimpression is that LexingtonCounty is providinga decreasingpercentage of thenew housingstarts over this timeperiod. However this alsoreflects a growing regionfor housingstarts because the number ofnew housingunits has gradually increased ifmeasuredby 5 year increments.

Building Permit Activity 19934998

1998 1.~ . j / 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 MAP OF BUILDING PERMITS ov E HAVE 5 YEARS OF ADDRESSED-BASED DATA ON SITE-BUILT & MANUFACTURED HOUSING MAPPED. IT IS AVAILABLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ON THE 5TH FLOOR OF THE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION BUILDING.

46 47 48 ambience. The diversified economy of farm, high LAND USE technology, services,and commercial activity should cc&rue unlessa seriousnational alteration in theeconomy occurs. Mix into this array of attractionsthe growth of ELEMENT theother quality of life issues,e.g. health care, constmcted recreationactivities (as differentiated .&om natural beauty of the county), support systems, public and private institutionsand you havea synergyfor continuedgrowth. Overview For example,Lexington County government realized the need for expanded library services for the growing Giventhe Last area under the jurisdiction of Lexington populationand guided the improvement to theentire library County,the land useelement of the comprehensiveplan system.LexingtonMedical Centernowoffers locations will be generalizedin its approach. Currently there are throughout the county for both geographical and over 110,000parcels located in the 700 squaremile area speciaIizationneeds. Major industrial sitesare already that comprisesLexington County.The county’sland use locatedin a variety ofareasof the county. patterns are extremely diverse from the metropolitan Beyondthe items noted above, Lexington County has urbanizedareas of West Columbia and Inno to the rural a blend ofzoning stylesthat will encouragea quality of agriculturalsections in the westernand southern portions growth in the yearsto comethat enhanceslife choices. of the county. Performancebased zoning createsa bond of both the The land usecomponent examines the existingland individual’schoice of land useand respect for theprivacy usepattemsancifUhYelanduseneedsbycate~lyinc1~~~ofothers. It allows mixed useof land suchthat long trips residential,commercial, industrial, and institutional. These arenot asnecessary for manyroutine errands. Developers categoriesdo not minimize theimportance ofagriculture will continue to be challengedto meetthe needsofthe asa vital elementin LexingtonCounty ’spresent and future. purchasing pubbc with genuine concerns for the Currently farm land represents 21% of the land in responsibleextension of water andsewer services. Lexinb@onCounty. As notedin theeconomic development Historically,there has been a formalplanningpmcess element,LexingtonCormtyisa strongcenter foragriculture. for developmentin the county for 25 years.Still it is the However,as the population grows thereare pressures to market forces that have the most influence on what is planthouses rather thancrops. Planning,public education, developedhere. The role of a documentlike this oneis to and cooperation will be key to emphasizing farming serve as a guide in the decision making processthus interestsand growing population. Future land use patterns avoiding a land usepattern that is randomand sporadic willbe influencedbythe inventoryoftbeothercomponents in nature. The Land Use Map shows the existing land discussedin previous sections(population, economy, uses for the county, which is predominantly rural to culturalresources, community facilities, natural resources, suburban,characterized by small corridor pockets of andhousing). The findingsfrom this completeinventory commercialareas. will serveas a guide for decisionsabout the amount of land that is neededfor the different land uses. Residential The primary factors that are expectedto influence future land use are school districts, available land, Lowdensity,singlefamilyhousingisthedominanttype transportation, the natural beauty of the county, and a of housing in Lexington County. It is interspersed continuinggrowingeconomy.Families will continueto throughout the county and generahy clustered in moveinto LexingtonCounty in orderto place their children neighborhoods. Residentialhousing ranges from older in Lexington County schools. Land will continueto be housing units that were farm housesor ‘starter’ houses availablefor developmentfor a varietyof usesfor several for young familiesto elegantlarge houses crafted to fit the decades.Wehavetheeinterstatehighways andnumerous exacttopography on the lake or along the river. Many multi-lane highwaysthat maketravel to and from work new subdivisionshave been added in the lasttwenty years locationsreasonable. Lake Murray and other naturally that appeal to persons who are relocating wit11hi,gh beautiful areasof the county will attractdevel,opers who expectationsofboth the houseand community. want to placetheir houseintoa settingthat hasa pleasant

49 EXISTING LAND USE MAP

[THIS MAP IS AVAILABLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ON THE 5TH FLOOR OF THE LEXINGTON COUNTY ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. IT WILL BE REDUCED IN SIZE TO FIT THIS PAGE AT A FUTURE DATE.]

l

SO Mobilehomes makeup a significant portion ofthe This spatialdispersion makes it appropriatefor workers residentialland uses. The growing trend for mobilehome to live in many different neighborhoodsin the county. parks is locatedprimarily in the ruralareasthroughout Unlikesomecountieswhichhavetargetedonlyafewareas the county. Threemaps show the dispersionof housing for industrialsites Lexington County is fortunatethat the by building type for the pastthree years. By examining economicdevelopers and industries focused their efforts the number of building permits one can seethat new in many different parts of the county for industrial mobile homes arelocating in the county at a generally development. Within the smaller focus of industrial increasingrate. The changein growthpattern of sitebuilt dispersionmany ofthe industriesare generally in thesame housesand mobile homes in 1998 bearswatching. It vicinity. may be thatmobile homes hit a peakvs. sitebuilt houses in 1997. It may be that 1998was the reflection of the Institutional low loanrates nationally translated into sitebuilt houses. In 1960mobile homesaccounted for only 2.5% ofthe Thegrowth of institutionalsite in thecounty parallels total housingunits in thecounty and 1.7%for thestate. In the growth of the population,as a whole in many ways. 1990thenumbersofmobilehomeshadgrownsignificantlyThere are someinstances of institutional sitesthat are to 20.4% for LexingtonCounty and 17.8%for the state. simply located here. For example, Will Lou Gray In 19975 1.O% of theresidential building permitsissued OpportunitySchool is a stateschool located in Lexington for Lexington Countywere for manufacturedhousing. Countythat is not dependentupon thepopulation of the Approximately60% of thesewere for sectionalor double- county for future growth. On the other hand, SC wide homeswhile 40% were for the singlewide variety. \bcationalRehabilitation facilities in WestColumbia may Thereasons behind this increase in manufacturedhousing grow due the increasingpopulation of the stateand the canbe tracedto severalfactors including: cost, availability rangeof servicesprovided. School districts are continuing and easeofhome ownership.While thedebate over the to construct new school campusesin responseto the prosand cons over the mobile home will continuefor the growthin thepopulation. Medical and government services yearsto come,they are a significantoption for housingin haveexpanded and will continueto do so in responseto the county. A further considerationis the growth of the needsof the people. Simply the expansionof the modularhouses throughout the nation as an alternative to numberof EmergencyServices Iocations throughout the bothmobile homesand site built houses. county over the last 3 decadesis witnessto what must happenin the next few decades. Commercial Non-profitinstitutional sites are expanding in response to the dramaticpopulation expansion during thelast 30 F.kisthgoomercial usesare focused primarily along yearsin LexingtonCounty. Thenumber of churchesand major arterialsand at the major interchangesalong I-26 the sizeof thechurch plants is increasing.This growth is andto a lesserextent I-20. Particularlycommercial activity evident both in developed areas and in those inthe HarbisonBoulevardareahasincreasedsignificantly neighborhoods that arestarting to grow. Otherfacilities in the 1990s.This expansionhas been largely a response for specialized segmentsof the population are also to changein theresidential patterns over the last 25 years. expectedto expand. As the population changesmore This foci of commercialactivity includesColumbiana and a greaterdiversity of serviceswill be provided for Centre (mall), several ‘big box’ store strips, home senioradults, persons with specificneeds, and those with improvementcenters, specialized businesses, and a wide specializedinterests. varietyofrestaurants andmotels. Future Land Use Patterns Industrial The future characterof Lexington County will be The major areasofcurrent new industrial sitesare influencedby land usepatterns that occurwhile thisplan alongthe major transportation routes. Interstate highways is being implemented.The distributionof land useswill (I-77, I-26 andI-20), railroads,majorhiglnvays, and the help to define neighborhoods,create business districts, airport arekey indicationsfor location of new industry. and create an overall cohesive relationship between Thetransportation zones are ranged throughout the county differenttypes ofland uses.Froman optimistic viewpoint 51 thecounty will continueto experiencepopulation growth, betweenWest Columbia and Lexington, Highway 6 in industrial and commercialexpansion, strong agricultural RedBank area, US Highway1 betweenWest Columbia ctivity, andinstitutional development. These factors will andlexington, US Highway 378 beyondLexington o!Llrm r theresponse of thosewho chooseto makeLexington toward SaludaCounty. Other commercial activity County home. If on the other hand, a major national centerswill developthroughout the centralarea ofthe economicdownturn occurs then the county will not continue countyashousingconcentrationsjustiftheexpansion to growas it hasin thelast 30 years.Growth will be slower, into thoseareas. Eachof thecities in the county will lessrobust, and be determinedby forces that we cannot lik,elyseeincreasedcommercialactivityduringthenext plan for at this time. decade.

Residential Industrial

Projectedpopulation growth will necessitatean increase The continuedexpansion of industrial site along indwellingnnitsduringthefirstdecadeofthe2lstcentmy. majorsources oftransportationw~ill continue during the Thenumber ofsingle and multifamily housing units, including nextdecade. Current areas of significantindustrialization apartments,duplexes, and townhouses, is likely to increase will continueto thrive,e.g. the area around the Columbia asthe variety ofgrowth generatorscontinues to thrive in Metropolitan Airport, and the interstate highway LexingtonCounty. corridors.If schoolfunding continues to dependheavily Themajority ofcurrent single family useswill continue on local taxesthen the LexingtonCounty Council will to bethe site built homeand the mobile home. Othersingle continueto targetnew industrialsites into the various family choiceswill likely takea largerportion ofthe market schooldistricts.Thisplanplaces theopporhmityoftax sharebut still be relativelysmall number ofthe total single supportinto eachof the countyschool districts. family homes. Most of the new low density residential developmentwill utilize undevelopedparcels adjacent to Institntional 0 theurban growth corridors. Much ofthis will takeplace in the center and southernparts of the county. The Lake As thepopulation continues to grow numerically Murray growth zonewill thrive aslong asthere are lake- andexpand geographically throughout the county the front lots, lake accesslots, andhousing developments that institutionalsites will expandin tandem.Government promisethe combination of thelake and Lexington schools servicesites will beacquired to provide the basic services cultum. that citizens want and need. SpeciaIcenters will be Someexisting low densityresidentia1 areas will shift to built to accommodatethose in needof particular or morehigh densityresidential or neighborhoodcommercial generalhealth services, social services, and other needs. uses.There are numerousareas with potential for infill Churches,schools, and other recreational centers will development.Many smallsubdivisions will bebuilt in the be constructedfor thosein thegrowing areas. The two central and southernparts of the county. Large scale countyrecreational groups will targetthose areas which subdivisionswill beguided by schoolsites, available land, must havenew or expandedrecreational facilities for anddevelopers. theageing, youth, children or generalpopulation. Commercial

The Harbison Boulevard areawill continue to be a majorfocalpointofcommemialactivityfortheMetmpolitan StatisticalArea. New commercialproperty is still being developedthere at the endof 1999. Futuredevelopments ofrestaurants,hotels, andother businesses will complement * osemajor attractionsalready in the HarbisonBoulevard area. Othercommercial activity centerswill thrive along major transportationroutes, such as US Highway 378

52 INDEX 0 A F Airports 27 FallLine 14 Allied Signal 42 ForeignTradeZone 27 Amtrak 27 Atlantic CoastalPlain 14 G B GastonRural CommunityWater District 24 GastonSwansea School District Four of Lexington C 33 Bat&burg CommercialHistoric District 21 Georgevillesoils 8 Batesburg-Leesville19 Georgeville-Nasonsoil 8 Battle ofthe Jumper 20 Gilbert 20 BFI 28 Gilbert-SummitRural Water District 24 Broad River Basin 12 GranbyVillage 17 Brookland 18 Bureauof the Census 37 H C Health 36 HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS 40 Camp Sorghum 2 1 Households39 Camp Styx 20 CarolinaContainer Corporation 28 I Carolina SlateBelt 14 Income Characteristics39 Cayce 17 Inn0 18 CayceMuseum 35 IrmoiChapinRecreation Commission 3 1 Cecil-Applingsoil 8 CentralCarolina Economic Development Alliance 41 L ChambersCorporation landfill 28 LakeMurray 11, 37 Chapin 19 Lake Murray Dam 18 Church StreetHistoric District 21 ‘Lakeland-Blaneysoil 14 CN&L Railroad 18 LeesvllleCoIlege Historic District 2 1 Columbia Airport EnterprisePark 27 LexingtonCountyAdministration Building 35 ColumbiaMetropolitan Airport 27 Lexington County Courthouse35 Columbia MSA 37 Lexington CountyHealthDepartment 36 CongareeRiver Basin 12 Lexington County Joint Municipal Water& SewerCorn 23 County Jail 29 LexingtonCounty Museum 33 CountyLandfill 36 LexingtonCounty Recreation & Aging Commission3 1 County Solid WasteDivision 36 LexingtonCounty Sheriffs Offtce 29 CSX 27 Lexington County SocialServices Deoartment 36 D Lexington Medical Center 36 - Lexington SchoolDistrict One 33 DART 27 Lexington SchoolDistrict Three 33 E Lexington SchoolDistrict Two 33 Libraries 35 0 EdistoRiver Basin 12 EducationalLevels 39

53 Town of the Congarees17 Transit 27 medianage 38 MichelinTire Corp 42 U MidlandsTechnical College 33 Union Switch& Signal 42 Mi,gration38 Uniqueor SignificantNatural Areas and Views 22 N UnitedParcel Service 42 Nationa Registerof Historic Pl,aces2 1 V NATURALFEATURES 7 Virginia Hylton Park 3 1 NCR 42 New BrooklandHistoric District 21 W Norfolk Southern27 \VATERRESOURCES AND WETLANDS 11 P WestColumbia 18 Wetlands 11 Pelion 20 Wil LouGray OpportnnitySchool 33 Pelion CorporateAirport 27 PiedmontPlateau 7 PineRidge 20 Plantand Animal Habitats 10 PruneAgricultural andForest Land 7 PublicSafety 3 1 PublicWater Svstems 23 Public Works !+6 0 R Race 38 RiverbanksBotanical Garden 21, 22 RiverbanksZoo 22 S Sal&a FactoryHistoric District 21 SaludaRiver 11 SaludaShoals Park 3 1 SaxeGotha 17 SchoolDistrict Five of Lexingtonand Richland Cou 33 Schools 33 Sex 38 SocialServices 36 Soils 14 SouthCarolina Electric & Gas 27 SouthCongaree 20 Springdale19 summit 21 wansea 20 r T Town of Lexington 19

54

~ APPENDIX A

HISTORIC SITES AND STRUCTURES ON THE NATIONAL HISTORIC REGISTER, LEXINGTON COUNTY

B Name of Stru&ty 83003858 Ballentine Shealy House 83003911 Lybrand Henry Farm 1835 83003875 DreherJacob Wingard House 1830 83003904 Hendrix John House 80003677 Mt. Hebron Temperance House 1862 87001988 Gut-&s-Summers House 1895 83003921 Still Hopes 1910 83003879 Griith David Jefferson House 1896 83003918 Music Hall Evangelical Lutheran Church 1892 83003923 Wessinger Vastine House 77001230 Berly William House 1904 83003870 Berly W.Q.M House 1904 70000873 Fox House 1832 77001231 Boozer Lemuel House 1828 83003914 Rauch Charleston House 1886 83003903 James Harmon Building 83003909 Home National Bank 1912 83003922 Timmerman Law Office 1835 83003872 C.E. Coney House 1895 83003877 Georges Grist and Flour Mill 1924 83003860 Bank of Western Carolina 1912 83003915 David Raw1 House 1854 83003917 James Stewart House 1850 63003908 Hite John Jacobs Farm 1870 8300866 t3arD.D.D House 1859 82003887 Rev. Walter Herbert House 1878 82003892 Rev. FrankYarborough House 1906 82003885 Hampton Hendrix Office 82003890 Mitchell Cromwell House 1885 82003893 Old Batesburg-LeesviileHigh School 1920 82003891 Mitchell Shealy House 1855 82003878 Hartley House 1830 83002201 Old Batesburg Grade School 1912 83002202 Southern Railway Depot 1990 82003879 Cartledge House 82003876 Edward Bouknight House 82003888 Holman J. B. House 1910 Edwards Broadus House 1905 Raw1 Crouch House 1893 82003881 Mitchell McKendrea House 82002202 A.C. Jones House

56 APPENDIX B 0 UNIQUE OR SIGNIFICANT NATURAL AREAS AND VIEWS, LEXINGTON COUNTY

Site Name LQcatton AW2Sge Signiticnoce Peachtree Rock SE. ofEdmunds near SC 2 15 300 Rare geologic outcrop & plant species

Lower S&da River 1 mi. below Lake Murray lOmiles Designated State Scenic to confluence with Broad River

Shealy’s Pond West of Edmund near 62 Designated H,eritage Preserve SC215&SC!6

Poole’s Woods Near Orangeburg County Line 60 Primitive forest area

Lucas Millpond NearScouter Creek 45 Significant forest stand and bog

1~IarmonWoods Adjacent Lake Murray 210 Significant forest stand

white cedar Near the intersection of 1Cil+ Primitive forest & swamp Secondary Roads 116 & 118

57