Golden Hill Prehistoric Cultural Resources City of San Diego, California
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COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE FOR THE COMMUNITY OF GREATER GOLDEN HILL PREHISTORIC CULTURAL RESOURCES CITY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Submitted to: City of San Diego 1222 1st Avenue, MS 501 San Diego, California 92101 Myra Herrmann (619) 446-5372 Prepared by: AECOM 401 West A Street, Suite 1200 San Diego, California 92101 (619) 610-7600 January 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 Project Personnel ................................................................................................................ 1 SETTING ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Environmental Setting ........................................................................................................ 3 Paleoenvironmental Setting .....................................................................................3 Existing Natural Setting ...........................................................................................5 Cultural Setting ................................................................................................................... 5 Prehistory .................................................................................................................5 Ethnohistory ...........................................................................................................12 Cultural Resource Definition ............................................................................................ 13 Archaeological Resources ......................................................................................13 Traditional Cultural Resources ..............................................................................13 Archival Research ............................................................................................................. 13 Previous Investigations ..........................................................................................14 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources ...............................................................16 Native American Contact Program ................................................................................... 18 CULTURAL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ................................................................................... 19 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 23 Mitigation Framework ...........................................................................................23 REFERENCES CITED ................................................................................................................. 27 APPENDICES A Key Personnel Resumes B Confidential Map (Bound Separately) C Native American Contact Program Community Plan Update – Greater Golden Hill Page i 10280381 Cultural Constraints Analysis_Golden Hill_RD 1/6/2015 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Greater Golden Hill Project Location ..................................................................................6 2 Greater Golden Hill Project Vicinity ...................................................................................7 3 Greater Golden Hill Project Vicinity with ESRI Topographic Basemap ............................8 4 Greater Golden Hill USGS Quads 1930 ..............................................................................9 5 Greater Golden Hill Previously Recorded Sites ........................... Confidential Appendix B 6 Greater Golden Hill Cultural Sensitivity Areas – Prehistoric Resources .........................................................................................................21 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Previous Investigations within the Community of Greater Golden Hill............................14 2 Cultural Resources within the Community of Greater Golden Hill ..................................16 Page ii Community Plan Update – Greater Golden Hill 10280381 Cultural Constraints Analysis_Golden Hill_RD 1/6/2015 SUMMARY The City of San Diego (the City) is preparing community plan updates for various communities within San Diego, and requires a constraints analysis and cultural resources sensitivity analysis for prehistoric resources in support of the community plan update for the community of Greater Golden Hill. The community of Greater Golden Hill is located on a mesa top, with finger ridge lines and canyons leading south and east into Los Chollas Valley and west toward Balboa Park. A records search was conducted by the City using the California Historical Resources Inventory System. An updated records search was conducted by AECOM at the San Diego State University, South Coastal Information Center and the San Diego Museum of Man in June 2011. The archival search consisted of an archaeological and historical records and literature review. The results of the records search indicated that 10 previous investigations have been conducted and 11 cultural resources have been recorded within the community of Greater Golden Hill. These resources consist of a prehistoric lithic and shell scatter, one prehistoric habitation area, and nine historic refuse deposits. In addition to a records search, a Sacred Lands File check with the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) indicated that no sacred lands have been identified within the vicinity of Greater Golden Hill. The NAHC provided AECOM with a list of local tribal entities and other interested parties, and a consultation program is being conducted in conjunction with the City. Based on the results of the records search, the NAHC Sacred Lands File check, and regional environmental factors, the community of Greater Golden Hill has two cultural sensitivity levels. As the majority of the area has been developed, the cultural sensitivity for Greater Golden Hill is low. However, the community contains several previously recorded sites and/or undeveloped land that has not been previously surveyed, and the cultural sensitivity in these areas is considered high. Participation of local Native American tribes is crucial to the protection of cultural resources. Native American participation would be required for all levels of future investigations in the Greater Golden Hill community in accordance with the Historical Resources Guidelines (City of San Diego 2001). Areas that have not been developed should be surveyed to determine presence or absence of historical resources and whether additional evaluation is required. In areas that have been previously developed, additional ground-disturbing activities may require further evaluation and/or monitoring. Community Plan Update – Greater Golden Hill Page iii 10280381 Cultural Constraints Analysis_Golden Hill_RD 1/6/2015 Page iv Community Plan Update – Greater Golden Hill 10280381 Cultural Constraints Analysis_Golden Hill_RD 1/6/2015 INTRODUCTION The City of San Diego (the City) is preparing community plan updates for various communities within San Diego. The City requires a constraints analysis and cultural resources sensitivity analysis for prehistoric resources in support of the community plan update for the community of Greater Golden Hill, which is located on a mesa top with finger ridge lines and canyons leading south and east into Los Chollas Valley and west toward Balboa Park. A records search was conducted by the City using the California Historical Resources Inventory System (CHRIS) in support of the Greater Golden Hill community plan update. AECOM conducted a literature review at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) and a records search update at the San Diego Museum of Man. This report documents the records search and literature review results, and identifies the prehistoric cultural resources sensitivity for the community of Greater Golden Hill. PROJECT PERSONNEL Resumes for key project personnel are presented in Appendix A. Senior technical review was provided by Rebecca Apple, MA, Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA). Project management and primary point of contact for AECOM was provided by Stacey Jordan-Connor, PhD, RPA. Cheryl Bowden-Renna and Stephanie Jow prepared this technical report. The paleoenvironmental section was authored by Andrew York, MA, RPA. Community Plan Update – Greater Golden Hill Page 1 10280381 Cultural Constraints Analysis_Golden Hill_RD 1/6/2015 Page 2 Community Plan Update – Greater Golden Hill 10280381 Cultural Constraints Analysis_Golden Hill_RD 1/6/2015 SETTING The following discussion begins with a review of past and current environment settings and the basic framework of human occupation of coastal Southern California and, specifically, the San Diego area, including the community of Greater Golden Hill. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Paleoenvironmental Setting The early Holocene was a time of environmental transition, with a number of global climatic trends resulting in biotic and habitat adjustments in what is now coastal Southern California. Although temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere were characterized by pronounced warming in the early Holocene (West et al. 2007), local climates in what is now the San Diego area may have been relatively cool and wet due to the influence of coastal fog produced by upwelling and the resultant cold sea surface