Ancient Geography

Center of Rome: City of But, has 2 Rome Like Greece, important located rocky & river valleys here mountainous flows River in Apennines from flows from the N in the center Apennines Alps from Space Geography . . .

Rome eventually included much of the “known world”

Land all around the Most of Mediterranean & Europe Black Seas Much of the Middle-East Extent of Roman Civilization History

The : the 1st “Romans”

Just 1 group on Ruled by Etruscan Italian peninsula dictators for 250 years

Founded Etruscans: Ruled Lived on city of powerful Tiber River most of Rome in group in N Italy 753 BCE Italy Italian Powers History . . . Etruscans Roman defeated in Independence 396 BCE Soon Samnites Etruscan King Rome defeated in Tarquin dethroned made war 290 BCE in 509 BCE with powerful Romans neighbors Greeks vowed to Formed forced off never have the Roman peninsula another king Republic in 275 BCE History . . .

Roman Independence . . .

In 264 BCE, war broke out with Carthage

Carthage Rome became the was finally master of the defeated in Mediterranean world 146 BCE History . . .

83-82 & Civil War Period 49-45 BCE

Rome’s success brought problems

Rich got richer & Strong poor got poorer generals gained Too many political slaves power History . . .

Civil War Period . . . Crassus, Pompey & Julius In 60 BCE, 1st Roman Caesar Triumvirate formed

Crassus Mar. 15th, Caesar & Caesar killed in 44 BCE: Pompey battle for declares battle in Caesar control of Rome himself 53 BCE killed by “Dictator members Pompey is for Life” defeated of senate History . . .

Republic fell & formed in 27 BCE Rome reached : its most Rome’s 1st advanced level emperor Beginning of & greatest size 200-year Pax during this time Romana History . . . Weakened Rome is an High taxes Fall of Rome easy target & no jobs To save Rome, Barbarian Economy Internal it is split into 2 invasions declines problems separate states in 395 CE

Poor Population leadership Western Eastern Rome decline Rome in gov’t due to would survive fell in another 1000 wars & 476 CE disease years Rome Through the Years Religion Elysian Fields: Like the place for Roman Greeks, heroes Mythology believed you Tartarus: Romans borrowed ideas went to place for from many religions Hades after evil death people Greek deities Deities from were adopted Egypt, Persia, & given Turkey & Etruria Everyone else names also adopted became “shades” in Asphodel Fields Born c. 5 Jewish Religion . . . BCE kingdom is part of Judaism Jesus of Roman within Rome Nazareth Empire From 30 to 33 CE, Judaism is Jews traveled & preached monotheistic; believe using parables did not worship God will Roman deities send a Some Jews Messiah believed he Became Jews were allowed to save was the known as to worship in Rome them Messiah Christians Religion . . . In 392 CE, Emperor In earliest times, Rise of Theodosius Christians were Christianity made persecuted in Rome Christianity the official Many After Jesus’ religion of became death, apostles Rome martyrs helped spread religion In 312 CE, Emperor Constantine became a As religion grew, it Christian & proclaimed was tolerated more religious freedom Spread of Christianity Government Plebeians & patricians For 1st 250 years, could vote, Rome was ruled by Rome then but only Etruscan dictators became a patricians republic could hold Consuls office elected to rule Senate for 1 year elected to make laws interpreted laws Executive branch Legislative Judicial branch branch Government . . .

After the fall of the republic, Rome became an empire

Augustus did Emperor-appointed restore proconsuls ruled senate, but Roman provinces on gave it no emperor’s behalf real power Written Language Basis of Everyone in Latin Romance Rome was Languages expected to 1 of the most learn Latin Influenced important many other languages in Today it languages history is a dead language Many English Roman alphabet words & used in most prefixes come languages from Latin