Information is ammunition for your struggle . A fighter without ammunition is not a fighter . And for you, a fighter without information cannot speak. Samora M . Machel, President of FRELIMO' to CFM delegation, Dar es Salaam, 8171.

On the 25th day of May, one month after the coup which toppled the government of , negotiations began in London between the Portuguese government and the PAIGC of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau . The talks, which included a second round in Algiers, failed to produce an agreement between the two parties . The PAICG position, which called for 's recognition of Guinea-Bissau (84 nations have already recognized the new republic) as well as the right to independence for the people of Angola and Mozambique, went far beyond what was willing to accept.

On June 5th, FRELIMO President Samora Machel and Portuguese Foreign Minister Mario Soares began two days of talks in Lusaka, Zambia . Again, Lisbon's refusal to accept the right to inde- pendence led to an inconclusive ending.

Although there is considerable support for the independence of the African colonies within Portugal's political and military leader- ship, the hardline position represented by provisional President Antonio de Spinola prevails . Spinola continues to view real . in- dependence as an undesierable "option", a last resort . His four stage program of decolonization (see June 12 New York Times, clipping) --which is an implicit rejection of the demands of the liberation movements for immediate independence-- is geared toward winning some degree of international support for Lisbon's position . It is also apparently aimed at quieting discontent among the Portuguese settler population . By making gestures of "good faith" and vague promises of self determination to the peoples of Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea-Bissau, Spinola is trying to deflect attention from the just demands of the liberation movements .

In Portugal, the euphoria which marked the early post-coup period has begun to evaporate . Under the guise of " protecting our newly won freedoms", the Portuguese government has begun a selective crackdown on the left, including the reinstitution of media censor- ship and the arrest of a newspaper editor who is a vocal opponent of the colonial wars . The new restrictions are aimed at curbing the long unmet wage demands of Portuguese works and expressions of popular sentiment for the immediate independence of the African colonies.

The following telegram, which CFM received from FRELIMO re- emphasizes FRELIMO'S position : that total independence is the undeniable right of the people of Mozambique, and that FRELIMO will not be swayed by Spinola's campaign of false promises and veiled threats . (June 5, 1974, Dar es Salaam WISH INFORM YOU STOP REQUESTED BY PORTUGUESE GOVERNMENT DISCUSS QUOTE COLONIAL PROBLEM UNQUOTE FRELIMO ACCEPTED MEET PORTUGUESE GOVERNMENT DELEGATION LUSAKA STOP PRESIDENT SAMORA MACHEL HEADS FRELIND DELEGATION STOP NEVERTHELESS FRELIMO POSITION UNCHANGED STOP NO POSSIBILITY NEGOCIATIONS BEFORE RECOGNITION OUR

RIGHT INDEPENDENCE . MAACELINO DOS SANTOS, VICE PRESIDENT,

Ctmhhue.ci Suppat,* -Qn gE.umo NOJlrbc. AJcte.~s

AlliCi‘UNf ndocect

tw5 1tcs4 ; t)ewymfz.Trw.v3 Tw 1 9 u.t•A.• O

General Spinola and President Nixon met in the Azores on June 19 on Nixon's way back from his Middle East tour . After this meeting General Spinola announced Nixon's support for his solution to ending the fighting in Africa.

N‘1.w Y► 2K Tames IC Ju►~e Lisbon Imposes Curbs on lYews Media s New le ft ~'uNe Special to The New Yoi 'rimes ister of Information and him LISBON, June 15. — Greater -self a newspaper publisher, 1straints over Portugal's nevus asserted in an interview today dia were being instituted to- that there would be no return Government in Lisbon day as high Government sources to the old regime's system of Jrimde it clear that the free- prior censorship . But he said' eeling and somewhat an- that some restraints were in hic days that followed the order since "after all, the Showing Strains country is still at war." naititary coup of April 25 are General Spinola also reported direr and that an effort to in- Another casualty list was By RICHARD EDER published yesterday, as was an today that he had received a stil discipline is under way. Special to The New York Times number of menacing letters, After a long Cabinet session, announcement from Algiers of a sudden breakdown of cease- LISBON, June 6—A week of apparently from extremists, tie Government decided last political barnstorming around some threatening his life. tight to bring the country's fire talks between Portugal and tartly private television system representatives of the guerrilla Portugal by the provisional Communists in Cabinet tinder complete official control rebels in . President, Gen . Antonio de Although General Spinola and management. At the same Mario $oares, the Socialist Spinola, has strengthened the named two Communist party time regulations providing for Foreign Minister, acknowledged impression that the military leaders to the Cabinet, and al- 1 "difficulties " in the talks when though the party has helped the military supervision of the he returned to Lisbon today, structures underpinning the new press were being put into Government are undergoing Government damp down labor force pending promulgation of but he tried to put the best some considerable internal agitation, General Spinolais re- 1 possible face on events by re- portedly concerned by the or- a new press law in the next calling the long and difficult strains. few weeks. Vietnam' negotiations. General Spinola, other senior ganizing energy shown by the The country's two television officers and some of the party and by other far-left, channels had been run by a "We shall arrive at peace," groups. private company under a con- he asserted. "I don't know ex- younger officers who took part If it is not clear that the cession from the Government, actly when, but we shall , get in the coup seem joined in a Movement officers would take which owned 51 per cent of the there." common concern that the action to oppose General Spi- shares and "which under the old Other informed sources said country's new freedom is nola at this stage, is also is that the talks in Algiers had not clear that General Spfnola regime had heavily censored gone very badly and indicated getting out of hand and that broadcasts. Communists and other extreme would try to break up the that a "confrontation" may Movement. Last Monday . a satiric pro- take place between Mr. Soares leftist groups are making too gram that attacked the Roman and President Antonio de Spin- Despite suspicions and dif- for its close much headway. ferences of opinion, there still ola over the Portuguese nego- On the other hand, a number seems to be a common determi- 4oll9boration with the former tiating ; osition. j dictatorship was suddenly cut I of leading members of the Mili- nation to realize the main goal In a seeh last Tuesday, the of the coup: the establishment off., Officials explained their jPresident continued to insist tary Movement, the group of action by saying that people's 300 or so young officers who of a constitutional democracy. sensibilities were offended by on self-determination by which carried out the coup, are wor- In African policy, a number the program the population in each of the of leaders of the Movement be- Now, a commission. of seven territories would democratical- ried that General Spinola, a man of conservative views, is lieve that Portugal has little members of the armed forces ly decide their political future choice but to agree to inde- . It will at an unspecified date . The building up his own power and will supervise the press that of the regular military pendence in all three territories have powers to levy fines for Guinean liberation movement, —Guinea, Mozambique and An- well those in Angola and Mo- hierarchy in such a way as to disclosure of military secrets as put an end to the Military gola—and that the only real well as for statements offending zambique, wants immediate Movement influence. l goal of negotiations is get the the Portuguese chief of state Portuguese recognition of in- There are reports that Move- best possible terms for white or foreign chiefs of state and dependence in a pact. General ment officers have held one orI settlers and to maintain eco- diplomats. The commission's Spinola would like a federation more large meetings in the last nomic and cultural ties with decisions can be appealed to a of autonomous states but has few days to discuss the situa- Portugal. court. 1 General Spinola and some { acknowledged that self-deter- tion. Although there has been The first major sign of a . mination could also lead to in- no way to verify this officially, other senior officers, on the tougher attitude toward dissi- dependence. two officers who are in touch other hand, want a referendum dence came last week, when Leftists inside and outside the 29-year-old extreme leftist the Government have become with leading members of the to be held in each of the ter- Movement provided independ- ritories. They believe that while editor of a weekly newspaper, increasingly restive over • the ent confirmation today. Luis Saldanha Sanches, was continuation "of the war . The One officer described the su- in Mozambique the vote would arrested for advocating deser- Socialists are reported to have ject of the meeting as "the probably go for independence, tion by Portuguese troops sta . !considered withdrawing their concern that Spinola is behav- in Guinea and—most important tioned in the African colonies 'ministers, including Mr. Soares, ing like a President instead of —in Angola, some form of lim- of Portuguese Guinea, Angola unless there is a more flexible like a provisional President ." ited autonomy with ties to and Mozambique . Mr. Sanches negotiating position . The For- There is no evidence so far that Portugal might win out. is being detained in a military eign Minister conferred with the meetings have gone beyond barracks and will presumably the President this afternoon. the discussion stage, however. lie tried by a military tribunal. The Communists, who have General Spinola 's own activi- Raul Rego, the Socialist Min- two Ministers in the Govern- ties are considerably less am- ment, have much the same atti- biguous . During the first weeks tude toward the war as the after the coup, despite inten- Socialists. But they have re- sive activity, he remained out frained from taking any public of the public eye . But in the positions that would estrange last week he has visited four them from the armed forces cities around the country con- and General Spinola, who. made ferring with the local military them the only Communist party commands and addressing in the West to share national enormous crowds . , power. The theme of these speeches is that the army will not per- mit the new freedom won in the April 25 coup to be ex- ploited by extremists or by ambitious political groups .

Lisbon Opens Peace Talks Mozambique Talks Adjourn With Mozambique Rebels Special to The New York limes LUSAKA, Zambia, June 6— The first negotiations between By HENRY KAMM Portugal and Frelimo, the Mo- %pealal to The New York Times zambique Liberation Front, ad- LUSAKA, Zambia, June 5— not enemies. In fact, we two journed abruptly today without Portugal and the principal lib- have enemies that are common a cease-fire but with an agree- eratoin movement in Mozam- to us both ." ment "in principle" to resume bique opened preliminary peace In a formal speech that fol- talks next month. talks here today in an atmos- lowed, the Portuguese minister "The Portuguese Government phere of emotional reconcilia- saluted "our Frelimacomrades" tion. was prepared to negotiate a and expressed his "admiration cease-fire," said Foreign Min- But Portugal's Foreign Min- for the courageous manner in ister, Mario Soares, empha- which they have always con- Iister Mario Soares before sized after his five-hour session ducted their struggle for what boarding a commercial plane with Samara Machel, president they consider—as I do—their for the return journey . "But of Frelimo, the Mozambique freedom." we understand that the Frelimo Liberation Front, that although "I am here," Mr . Snares con- !delegation makes a cease-fire the meeting was cordial the tinued, "on behalf of the Portu- !conditional on a general polit- problem of winding up nearly guese Government to initiate ical agreement. 500 years of rule by Portugal the first moves to liquidate to- over her East African posses- gether by dialogue in friend- "In our point of view, the ship, freedom and peace, the most important action is an im- sion was complex. mediate stop to the sacrifice "Samora Machel is a great past of colonial domination and to usher in a new chapter of of human lives on one side or leader," Mr. Soares said in an the other," Mr. Soares said. interview in his hotel suite, decolonization ." Mr. Soares said the struggle The Frelimo delegation, head- "and a very tough one ." ed by the front's president, The Portuguese minister, a for democracy carried on with- in Portugal that culminated in Samora Machel, lives closeted Socialist, said that the talks, in State House, the splendid which were arranged by Presi- the April coup against the Gov- ernment of Dr. Marcello Cae- residence of the colonial gov- dent Kenneth D. Kaunda of tana had been complemented ernor when Zambia was North- Zambia, were exploratory and by Frelimo's fight against Port- ern Rhodesia, and was not avail- preliminary, and intended to uguese colonialism . "We were able for comment. allow each side to know more and are objectively allies," he precisely the position of the declared. order. Mr. Soares said that he In his address, which like Mr. had had a clear idea of the Soares's was delivered in Port- position of the Liberation uguese, Mr . Machel declared Front, and that the meeting that Frelimo was not fighting had not brought him any against the Portuguese people surprises. or against whites . The enemy, He said the conference would he said, is Portuguese colonial- continue through tomorrow ism and . and possibly into Friday, but "We extend the hand of that he intended to be in friendship to the Portuguese uh iu,,HA N ,Tvpi t London Saturday for the re- delegation and tell them that sumption of the cease-fire ne- they are welcome on the Afri- FOUR POINT PROGRAM gotiations with the liberation can continent," the guerrilla The PAIGC demands at the London talks can be movement of the Portuguese. leader said. summed up in four points: Attitude Made Clear The public ceremony over, 1 .Recognition by Portugal of the Republic of the delegations went separately Guinea-Bissau and of the rights of the people of the Cape Mr. Soares made clear Portu- to lunch and then opened their gal's attitude from the moment talks behind closed doors and Verde Islands to self-determination and independence. of his arrival here this morning. (This formulation recognizes that there is a difference the minister said that he came without any Zambians present. here as an anticolonialist and No interpreters are needed since between Guinea-Bissau and the Cape Verde Islands . For antifascist. even among themselves the Guinea-Bissau, Portugal simply has to follow the example His first meeting with Mr. Frelimo leaders speak in Portu- of nearly 90 other countries and recognize it as a sovereign Machel, staged for dramatic ef- guese, the common language of the mahy tribes of Mozambique. state . For the Cape Verde Islands, where there is no armed fect by President Kaunda, was struggle, the principle of self-determination for their made even more dramatic by Mr. Soares said he would not a spontaneous gesture by Mr. discuss any aspect of the sub- independent future can be accepted . But their right to Soares. stance of the talks, since this independence must be accepted in principle .) The Zambian leader ushered would only harm the cause of 2. Recognition of these same rights for the people of the ending the war. Asked whether, his Portuguese guest into the other African colonies. elegant ballroom of State in negotiating with Frelimo, House, the former British col- Portugal recognized the libera- 3. An immediate start of negotiations between Portugal onial governor's residence, tion front as the true represent- and Frelimo (Mozambique Liberation Front) and the where peacocks still grace the ative of the people of Mozam- MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola). lawn. Then a side door was bique, the minister refused to 4. The regrouping of Portuguese troops in Guinea- flung open and the Frelimo del- comment, but then said: Bissau as a preliminary to their withdrawal and an end to egation, led by Mr . Machel in a "This is no more than real- business suit, his arms raised in ism . To end a war you have to all Portuguese military activities and acts of aggression, a victory gesture, strode in to deal with those who are mak- applause from Zambian offi- ing war." cials. Mr. Soares is accompanied by Instead of waiting on his side only two other Portuguese to of the green-covered conference face the nine-member Frelimo table, as protocol would have delegation. They are Maj. it, the Portuguese minister Othello Rodrigues de Carvalho, swept around to the Frelimo whom he introduced to Mr. side and embraced the guerrilla Machel as "leader of the armed leader in Portuguese fashion, forces movement"—the group the two men pounding each of middle-rank officers who other on the back. staged fhe coup—and his mite-' "This was natural," Mr. istry aide, Dr . Manuel Sa Ma- Snares said tonight. "We are chado, a diplomat .

HE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, MAY 30, 1974 Portugal's President Warns on Anarchy

By PAUL HOFMANN Asserts Wave of Strikes hoarding fuel, fearing that sup- Special to The New York Times plies might become scarce. LISBON, May 29—President May Pose a Danger to Antonio de Spinola appealed State Officials Dismissed today to "choose between dem- Neu-Found Freedom LISBON, May 29 (UPI)—The ocratic freedom and anarchy." Government dismissed the Addressing an enthusiastic nisi party, generally con-1Imanag ement of five state-run crowd in Oporto, the country's sidered Portgual's best orga-j companies today and ordered second city, the 64-year-oldlnized political force, came as an immediate review of wage head of state warned : "It isthe strike wave seemed tol increases given to subway not by way of anarchy, no- crest . workers in Lisbon last week. nomic chaos, disorder and Lisbon was without street The Cabinet said that it had unemployment that we build cars and buses for the third acted to avoid economic im- day and without bread for the the Portgual of the future ." second day. The bakers' strike, balances created by dispropor- General de Spinola, with a which started yesterday and is tionately high wage increases. clear allusion to the present causing particular hardship to A statement said that the poor people, spread to southern Cabinet had "decided to dis- strikes, put the Portguese on miss with immediate effect all their guard that economic dis- Portugal. Bakery workers demand members" of the metropolitan ruption was playing into the higher pay—they earn $3 a subway administration. hands of " and night—and their employers say The Cabinet also decided to counter-." they are willing to grant sub- replace the financial and ad- The President closed his stantial increases if the Gov- ministrative officials of Por- brief speech, amid wild cheers, ernment allows them to raise tugal's post office, telephone by assuring the nation that the price of bread . A small roll company, general savings "the armed forces will be firm now costs 4 cents . banks commission and the in defending freedom ." General agency controlling the fishing de Spinola's address was Communist Leads Effort industry . broadcast throughout the coun- The Government and mem- try. bers of the military junta, In Lisbon, the Communist which keeps supervising the &uAltbtAg ThJe 5 1 party in a stern declaration activities of the civilian depart- condemned the strikes, which ment chiefs, have during the j are paralyzing essential serv- last few days been almost per- Angola bans rallies ices, and cautioned the nation manently in session to grapple against chaos in language simi- with the labor conflicts. lar to that used by the Presi- A Communist, Labor Minis- dent. ter Avelino A . Pacheco Gon- Tear gas in Lisbon The party leadership de- calves, is in the forefront of at- nounced "adventurist groups tempts to settle the strikes. He that indulge in left-wing is assisted by the party's secre- The Portuguese government last week brought out phraseology to bring about a tary general, Alvaro Cunhal, water cannon and tear gas against demonstrators for confrontation between the who is a Minister without Port- African independence in Lisbon and banned people and the police ." folio in charge of labor matters. demonstrations in Angola. The statement said the The Government today suc- strike weapon "must be used ceeded in halting a threatened Several thousand Africans gathered May 26 in front with care," and urged workers shutdown of gasoline stations of the governor 's palace in Luanda, capital of Angola, to "unmask demagogues and by announcing that it would carrying posters and shouting slogans demanding adventurers" who were push- use military forces to reopen immediate independence . The rally was prompted by ing the country toward an- closed stations and have their the visit of Portuguese colonial minister Antonio de archy. operators pay for the expendi- The parallel warnings by the ture and possible damages. Almeida Santos and followed a similar demonstration chief of state and the Commu- Motorists nevertheless were earlier during Almeida Santos ' visit in Lourenco Marques, capital of Mozambique. After the Luanda rally, according to a New York Times report, a few hundred Africans "roamed " through the streets, making allegedly insulting and threatening remarks to some whites and banged on cars. A smaller number of whites then staged a counter-demonstration, chanting "Marcello, " first name of fascist Premier Caetano, ousted by the April 25 coup in Lisbon. The next morning, the junta 's top officer in Angola announced a ban on all street demonstrations. In Lisbon, also on May 26, government cavalry troops and armored cars used tear gas and water cannon to break up a demonstration by about 2000 Africans and Portuguese demanding an immediate end to the colonial wars and the freedom of a prisoner of war. After a march through the streets, the demonstrators assembled at a military hospital in western Lisbon to protest the continuing detention of Cuban army captain Pedro Rodriguez Peralta, who was captured in Guinea-Bissau in 1969 .

New `/nn TJvwe S Ntw yon, T N '- ' Few Results Expected ,, r.ti In his statement he announced ,- ,,The expectation, however, is a program of decolonization in PORTUGAL'S CHIEF that tomorrow's talks will at four stages — restoration of .most involve a probe of Portu- LISBON INDICATES peace, accelerated reconstruc- e attitudes by the Frelimo tion and development, the es-, WILL VISII AFRICA eaders to determine whether tablishment of broad demo- ,.fit this stage they can afford SELF-RULE POLICY cratic organizations and popu- 41) set up full-scale negotiations lar consultation to determine for a cease-fire. the ultimate political solution. Spinola Planning Trip Soon - There has been considerable Mario Sdares, the Socialist Spinola Says African Areas who is Foreign Minister and to Mozambique and Angola pressure on the resistance thbvements in Portuguese Can Vote on Future When who has begun cease-fire talks —Soares Flies to Zambia .Africa by other African lead- with the main black nationalist 's--notably President Ken- Democracy Prevails movements, refrained from com- neth D. Kaunda of Zambia— menting on the speech and said to encourage and cooperate he would discuss it with his By RICHARD EDER party leaders. with the new Portuguese policy By MARVINE HOWE Special to The New York Tlnw• tending toward disengagement The Labor Minister, Avelino LISBON, June 4—Gen. An- Special to The New York Time Ant6nio Pacheo Gonsalves, a in Africa. LISBON, June 11—Portugal's Communist gave tacit approval t6nio de Spfnola, provisional ...; In Mozambique the two sides provisional President offered to General Spinola's declara- President of the new Portu- seem to be fairly far apart, today to let the nation's Af- tion, saying that the broad prin- guese Government, will visit with the Portuguese offering rican territories decide their ciples had been agreed to by the Mozambique and Angola short- referendum to determine own future once "a climate of parties in the Provisional Gov- ly, it was announced here to- whether the majority wants in- freedom" and democratic in- erenment. dependence, and Frelimo tak- Some military officers pres- day: ing the position that independ- stitutions are established there. General Spinola's visit ap- The President, Gen. Ant6nio ent were critical of the speech, ence must be recognized with- de Spinola, also insisted on the partly because it did not in- pears intended to shore up the , out condition. "perfect functioning" of these clude a timetable. confidence of white settlers in Although there has been no institutions. Potential Cost Deplored these African territories at a ' official confirmation, it is ex- .pected that Mr. Soares will re- In a major policy statement "We carried out the revolu- time when Lisbon has begun to on the' colonial question in the zion in Portugal because we negotiate possible forms of dis- :turn to London at the end of wake of the ouster of the au- .this week to resume talks with thoritarian regime of Premier wanted to get out of Africa, " engagement with the major the Guinean leaders. Marcello Caetano on April 25, one commented, "but Spinola's black resistance movements. According to reliable official General Spinola said the peo- program could take genera- Today's announcement, made'' sources here, a cease-fire agree- ple of Angola, Mozambique and tions, and neither we nor the by Ant6nio de Almeida Santos,; ment is near completion . To Africans want to wait ." ,reach it, both sides have had to Portuguese Guinea would be Another criticism involved Minister for Overseas Terri- given various political solutions the cost of reconstruction and tories, came a few hours after agree to postpone decisions on to choose from—"federation, Foreign Minister Mario Soares 'several important matters on development when Portugal which they differ. confederation, community or needs to finance economic de- flew to Zambia to begin nego- the mere existence of totally velopment at home. tiations for a cease-fire in Mo- Islands an Issue independent states ." The chief weakness of the zambique. It has been decided, for ex- Speaking at a ceremony at Spfnola program, according to Mr. Soares will meet Samora ample, to leave the future of which new governors were younger military men, is that it Machel, leader of Frelimo, the .the Cape Verde Islands to later sworn for Angola and Mozam- will probably not be accepted main Mozambiquan independ- ,discussion. The Guinean repre- bique, General Spfnola de- ence movement, in Lusaka, scribed the focal point of his by the African nationalists. Zambia's capital, tomorrow. sentatives take the position For one thing, the Provisional that mainland Guinea and the policy as self-determination, in President indirectly questioned The trip was scheduled sudden- islands—which the Portuguese Which the right to political in- whether the nationalist move- , ly at the request of Mr. Machel. have administered as a single dependence is impilcit. But he '' 'Mr. Machel's call for an im- rejected the demands for im- ments, which have been fight- mediate meeting took the Por- unit—must remain united in ing for independence for 13 independence. The Portuguese mediate independence put for- years, were representative. He tuguese Government somewhat want to treat the future of the Ward by African nationalists ;-by surprise . It had been thought 'fighting in the territories. also insisted that all sectors of here that negotiations with the two territories separately. the overseas population have 'Mozambiquan resistance. which It has also been tentatively 'In the Modern World' their say. are expecteu to oe long and agreed to keep unresolved the :1 "In the modem world," he An important part of his :difficult, would not begin until question of whether Portugal declared, "true political inde- speech was aimed at reassuring , ome agreements bad been will recognize Guinea as an in- pendence exists only when it the blacks who fought with the . dependent territory—as the results from a genuine self- Portuguese Army and those leached on Guinea Guineans are demanding--or tletermination, and there can who were neutral as well as whether a referendum will be be self-determination only in a the European population that held first. climate of freedom and perfect all would have an equal voice functioning of democratic in- with the nationalists. stitutions." "We will not abandon them However, the general did use in the cowardly search for an the word "independence" ; pre- easy way out or in a demagogic viously he had spoken of self- search for popularity," General determination. Spfnola declared. In lieu of a timetable, he ex- pressedd the hope that decolo- nization would take place "rap- idly without haste ." He stressed that the speed would depend on "the broad participation of the different forces present ."