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Canal and River Habitats Topic Pack

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Canal and River Habitats Topic Pack Canal and River Habitats Topic Pack canalrivertrust.org.uk/explorers Contents Habitat challenges and activities Chapter 3 Chapter 7 page 3 Canals and river habitats pages 12–13 Cuttings and embankments pages The difference between canals and rivers. 20–21 Curriculum links page 4 Underwater habitats – invertebrates and fish. Undisturbed habitats may be rich in Birds that live on or near water. Chapter 1 biodiversity. Woodland and grassland habitats. Habitats and biodiversity pages 5–7 Activity Who am I? Chapter 8 Different plants and animals live in different Chapter 4 Buildings page 22 habitats. Changing habitats can have a big effect on the wildlife. Non-native plants Waterway banks pages 14–15 Minibeasts found in brick walls. Bats live and animals can damage habitats. What is Managing the different needs of humans in canal tunnels. Some birds nest in the eaves biodiversity? and wildlife. Plants and animals that live on of buildings. the water’s edge. Activity Whose habitat is this? Activity Classification - sorting minibeasts Habitat challenge Minibeast hunt Chapter 2 Chapter 5 Towpath verges pages 16–17 Adaptations, life cycles and food Chapter 9 chains pages 8–11 Plants and animals that live in long and short Reservoirs page 23 grass and in dry and damp soil. How plants and animals are adapted to their Large expanses of deep water attract a rich environment. The main parts of a flowering Activity Classification - sorting minibeasts variety of water birds. Some birds spend the plant. The life cycle of a dragonfly. Foodchains summer months on reservoirs. – producers, consumers and predators. Habitat challenge Minibeast hunt Activity Who am I? Activities Bird brain, Helicopter seeds, Chapter 6 Eat or be eaten, Who eats who? Hedgerows pages 18–19 Habitat challenges Flower power Hedgerows can be up to 200 years old. pollination, Seed dispersal Common hedgerow plants. Looking after hedges. Habitat challenges What makes a hedge? What’s living in the hedge Canal and River Habitats – page 2 Habitat challenges and activities Habitat challenges Activity sheets These will help you take a closer look at different habitats You can do these activities in doors. whilst you are out and about by the water. All you need are paper, pencils, scissors and glue. What makes a hedge? Whose habitat is this? Measure a length of hedge. Count and identify the plants in each Draw an animal which lives in each habitat. metre. Adaptation – beaks, feet and wings What’s living in the hedge? Decide how birds are adapted to help them feed, Use a white sheet under a hedge to collect and identify move and shelter. minibeasts. Bird brain Flower power pollination Invent a bird and show how it is adapted to its habitat. Examine a flower head carefully to identify the petals, stigma, Classification – sorting minibeasts stamen and pollen. Use a branch diagram to sort and identify common minibeasts. Seed dispersal Eat or be eaten Collect some seeds. Draw and sort them according to how Sort animals and plants into producers, consumers they are dispersed. and carnivores. Minibeast hunt Who am I? Mark out a quadrat of ground. Collect and identify the Identify different water birds by their description. minibeasts. Compare with a quadrat in a different place. Who eats who? Cut out pictures to make two food chains. Helicopter seeds Make a paper helicopter. Who can make the best helicopter? Canal and River Habitats – page 3 Canal and River Habitats page 3 Habitats and biodiversity Chapter 1 What are habitats? A habitat is a place where animals A delicate balance or plants live. It provides the resources Sometimes habitats are damaged or changed. This can affect the animals needed for living things to survive; that live there by destroying their food food, water, shelter and a safe place source or taking away their cover. to reproduce. Frogs are very sensitive to changes in Different habitats the environment and many species are Different plants and animals live in under threat as their habitat is damaged different habitats. Some birds are by pollution. A small change to the habitat adapted to live in woodlands. They build of one plant or animal can have a big their nests in the trees or hedges. They effect on other animals in the foodchain. eat nuts and berries which grow on the trees. They can hide from predators in the branches. Frogs are adapted to a different habitat. They live near water in ponds or rivers. Most frogs breed in water where the eggs are protected from predators. The damp environment keeps their skin moist and they have webbed feet to Mallard ducks live on canals, rivers, lakes help them swim. They eat bugs which or reservoirs. they find near the water’s edge. A waterway habitat – a restored canal and towpath at Loxwood on the Wey & Arun Canal Activity: Whose habitat is this? Canal and River Habitats – page 5 Habitats and biodiversity Chapter 1 Alien invasions A plant out of place Japanese knotweed is a plant which Sometimes canals and rivers provide was originally brought into this country good habitats for animals and plants by Victorian plant hunters. It is now which don’t originally come from the a big problem in the wild as it destroys British Isles. These non-native species the habitat for native plants. It grows can cause problems for native wildlife. very quickly – more than a metre a They may have no natural predators month - and its strong roots can even in their new environment or they may push through concrete. It can regrow destroy habitats or eat the food of from a tiny piece of root so it is difficult other creatures. to get rid of. Children catch an American crayfish at a fishing pool. It is now illegal to release these crayfish into the wild. The wrong creatures American crayfish were introduced to pools around the country. Many escaped into canals and rivers where they eat the food of British crayfish. They are larger than British crayfish and in some places are now more common. Scientists are now experimenting Fascinating with introducing an insect into this country which is a natural An American crayfish predator for Japanese knotweed. Japanese knotweed is invasive and destroys Facts It will eat the plant and stop it habitats for other plants and wildlife. getting out of control. Canal and River Habitats page 6 Habitats and biodiversity Chapter 1 Helping biodiversity What is biodiversity? Biodiversity is the word used to describe the variety of animals and plants living in a habitat. A healthy habitat will support a rich variety of wildlife. We can help to improve biodiversity by protecting habitats. Protecting canals and river habitats People who look after our canals and rivers have to think about the needs of people as well as protecting habitats. Sometimes it is difficult to make things work well for both people and wildlife. Canals were built for boats to move along. However rain gradually washes earth into the water and mud builds up at the bottom. This stops the boats from moving so every few years the mud has to be dug out. This is called dredging. This has to be done carefully so that plants growing along the edge are not disturbed. This protects an important habitat for birds, mammals and insects. Engineers need to dredge carefully. They cannot dredge when birds are building their nests or sitting on their eggs or looking after their young. What time of year do you think is the best A dredger at work on the Birmingham & Fazeley Canal time to dredge? Canal and River Habitats page 7 Adaptations, life cycles and food chains Chapter 2 The dragonfly larva lives under water. Adaptations It has adapted to have gills so it can Adaptation is the way in which the physical features of breathe under water. The adult lives above the water. Its body is adapted to an animal are adapted to help it obtain food, keep safe, be streamlined with two sets of wings so build a home, withstand weather and attract a mate. it can hover and fly quickly. It takes time to adapt Adaptations are produced by evolution over many A mallard duck’s bill is generations over millions of years. Here are some examples adapted to sieve tiny particles of food from the water. Its feet of how animals are adapted to their environment. are webbed to help it swim. Activity: Bird brain Activity: Adaptation – beaks, feet and wings A goldfinch’s long, fine beak is adapted to pick seeds from thistles and teasels. A moorhen’s long yellow clawed feet are adapted to help it move through shallow, reedy water. Canal and River Habitats – page 8 Adaptations, life cycles and food chains Chapter 2 All about plants The bright yellow centres of these oxeye daisies attract Flowering plants are common on towpath bees and hoverflies. Fascinating verges and embankments. Plants need the right conditions to grow and reproduce. Facts The parts of a plant We rely on insects for a lot of Roots hold the plant in the ground and take up our food. Without insects we water and nutrients from the soil. The stem of would have no tomatoes, the plant carries the water and nutrients to other peas, apples or strawberries. parts of the plant. The green leaves use sunlight to make food for growth. The reproductive parts Plant adaptations of the plant are in the flowers. The flowers attract Most flowering plants depend on insects which help pollinate the plant to produce insects for pollination. They have seeds which grow into new plants. evolved to have brightly coloured flowers and scent to attract insects to feed on their nectar.
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