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Florida Agriculture in the Classroom, Inc SM ® Florida Agriculture in the Classroom, Inc. A comprehensive guide for Florida educators designed to integrate science, technology, engineering and math into a school garden. P.O. Box 110015 • Gainesville, FL 32611 • Phone (352) 846-1391 • Fax (352) 846-1390 • www.faitc.org Thank You to Our Partners for Their Support! Thank You to Our Affiliated Partners! Dade County Farm Bureau Florida Forestry Association Dairy Council of Florida Florida Industrial & Phosphate Research Institute Farm Credit of Florida Florida Nursery, Growers & Landscape Association Florida Aquaculture Association Florida Peanut Producers Association Florida Beef Council Florida State Fair Authority Florida Citrus Mutual Florida Strawberry Growers Association Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services University of Florida Agricultural Education and Florida Farm Bureau Communication Florida Fertilizer & Agrichemical Association University of Florida/IFAS 4-H Youth Development Florida Fruit & Vegetable Association Wm. G. Roe & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-692-92518-8 © 2017 Florida Agriculture in the Classroom, Inc. www.faitc.org Learn to Grow excerpts compliments of University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Lessons and activities developed by Florida Teachers: Kevin Gamble, Carrie Kahr, Erin Squires, Amy Guevara (Nutrients for Life Founda- tion), Judy Nova, Marcelle Farley, Kenny Coogan, Melissa Griffin (WeatherSTEM), Stephen Hughes and Monique Mitchell. Design and layout by Sean N. Sailor, Sailor Graphics: www.seansailor.com Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1: Grow to Learn . .6 Chapter 2: Planting and Growing Tips Welcome to Your Region. 26 How to Plant a Pizza Garden. 27 How to Plant a Salsa and Soup Garden. 28 Edible Commodities in Florida: An Introduction. 29 Herbs. 29 Beans . 31 Blueberries. 32 Cabbage. 32 Citrus. 33 Sweet Corn . 33 Cucumbers. 34 Lettuce. 34 Peanuts. 35 Peppers. 35 Potatoes. 36 Squash. 36 Strawberries. 37 Sugarcane. 37 To ma t o e s . 38 Tropical Fruit . 39 Watermelon. 39 Chapter 3: STEMming Up Your Garden Lessons Soil Moisture and Soil Temperature — Students will measure, record, chart and evaluate the soil moisture and temperature of school gardens. 42 Learn About Decomposition by Creating Compost — Students will learn about decomposition by creating a small composter, and monitoring and recording the decomposition process. 50 What’s Bugging Me?: Integrated Pest Management Part 1 — Students will learn about the different practices that can and are being used in agriculture today. Students will test the effectiveness of some of the practices by designing their own bioassay ex- periments. 56 Pest Management Safety: Integrated Pest Management Part 2 — Students will learn the importance of reading a pesticide label and what information they can find. Students will also be exposed to safety equipment that may need to be used when applying a pesticide. 67 Genetically Modified Plants: Integrated Pest Management Part 3 — Genetically Modified Organisms, or GMOs, are a very hot topic, but how much do you really know about the science behind them? In this lesson students will research the science behind how farmers and the environment have benefited from GMOs by reducing the amount of pesticides used, while being able to increase yields and improve flavor. 72 Florida Irrigation — Students will be introduced to why irrigation is needed to feed the world, the different types of irrigation systems being used and create their own drip irrigation system. 78 STEMming Up Gardening for Grades / www.faitc.org 3 Table of Contents Improving Mother Nature: Maximize Storm Water Runoff for Irrigation — Students will learn about the specific needs of plants, design a rainwater irrigation system, and test the effectiveness of the system. 83 STEMming Up Plant Nutrients — Students will identify and describe the functions of essential plant nutrients . 97 Plant Hormones and Tropic Responses — Students will learn about plant applications in commercial horticulture. They will also learn about tropic responses and set up experiments to demonstrate hormone effects and plant responses to stimuli. 116 Plant Propagation — Students will be introduced to the industry skills of plant propagation; they will research several types, propagate their own plants and gain an appreciation for how economically important they are. 120 “Phun” with Photosynthesis — Students will take photosynthesis one step farther in this lesson. They will learn how much energy a plant leaf gets from the sun compared to a photoelectric cell. The students will design and create a tree made out of pho- toelectric cells. 131 Greenhouse Technology — Students will use a greenhouse to germinate seeds and grow plants to better understand the science and dynamics of a greenhouse. For schools without greenhouses, students will research, design and create a cost analysis of build- ing a greenhouse at school. 137 Alternatives to Traditional Gardening — Students will learn about nutrients plants need and explore how people who live in urban areas get their food as well as learn alternative gardening methods. They will compare and contrast the gardening methods they research and then write an opinion essay on the gardening method they prefer, using evidence from their sources to support their position. .146 Hydroponic Vertical Farming: Helping Feed Our Growing Population — Students will learn about vertical farming and com- pare and contrast this method of food production with conventional farming. Students will design, modify and build a working model of an indoor vertical hydroponic farm through collaborative efforts using recycled materials . .151 Activity: Creating a Plastic Tote Hydroponic Garden. 160 Activity: Design on a Dime . 162 Chapter 4: Florida Standards Spelled Out. .163 Chapter 5: Additional Resources. 173 4 STEMming Up Gardening for Grades / www.faitc.org Chapter 1 Grow to Learn Introduction to Florida School Gardening ● Getting Started Boots on the Ground ● Expanding Your Garden STEMming Up Gardening for Grades / www.faitc.org 5 Chapter 1: Grow to Learn Grow to Learn: A UF/IFAS Publication Chapter One is an excerpt from school garden guide Grow to Learn, a publication created by the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS). Florida Agriculture in the Classroom received permission from UF/IFAS to publish parts of Grow to Learn. References to page numbers in Grow to Learn are mentioned throughout the chapter. To access the full Grow to Learn publication, please visit: http://uffnp.org/wordpress1/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/FDACSFNW_Grow-to-Learn_Book-LOW-RES.pdf. Introduction to Florida School grounds, attract butterflies and other pollinators, and create native plant habitats. Gardening Why Garden with Students? Every year, a growing number of teachers are incorporating gar- In whatever form a school garden takes, it can support and dening into the academic experience for their K-12 students. enhance the learning environment of the school. They help by School gardens provide countless ways to engage students with engaging curiosity, nurturing environmental awareness, im- hands-on learning opportunities. They also offer the oppor- proving self-esteem and interpersonal skills, promoting healthy tunity for school staff, parents, and community volunteers to eating and physical activity, and fostering academic achieve- share skills, offer wisdom and experience, and enjoy the bounty ment. Students love being in a garden and taking care of plants, and beauty of a growing garden. watching them grow from tiny seedlings to food-bearing plants over the course of the growing season. School gardening Grow to Learn to Grow What Does a School Garden Look Like? contributes to a nurturing learning environment for the entire School gardens can take many forms. They can be established school, community and beyond. directly in the schoolyard, in raised beds, in containers, or even in water. They can produce fresh and nutritious food to How Do I Create a Sucessful School Garden in Chapter 1: Chapter use in the cafeteria, to eat as snacks, to take home to families, Florida? or to share with those in need. They can beautify the school A Florida school garden will have some distinct differences from one grown in other regions of the country. Our particular climate and soils can be both a challenge and a boon to school gardening. This manual addresses the challenges and offers ideas for taking advantage of the positive aspects of Florida gardening. County Extension Agents with the UF Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) have a wealth of experi- ence and access to the latest research on optimizing gardens of all types. We are here to support your educational objectives and help make your Florida school garden a beautiful and bountiful place for students to learn. Getting Started Before the first seed is even sown, a garden of any type requires careful planning. If this is your first school garden, you will be putting in some time initially gathering a garden team, assess- ing your educational goals for the garden, making decisions about what type of garden will fit those goals, finding a site where your garden will thrive, and putting together a plan 6 STEMming Up Gardening for Grades / www.faitc.org Chapter 1: Grow to Learn for obtaining funds and supplies. It may sound overwhelm- ing, but this is one of the most exciting parts of the gardening adventure.
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