DOCSLIB.ORG

Fusarium Wilt on Tomatoes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fusarium Wilt on Tomatoes University of California Vegetable Research and Information Center IPM Integrated Pest Management for the Home Environment TITLE FUSARIUM WILT ON TOMATO Cause: Fungus Symptoms: Wilting, yellowing of leaves, death of plant Hosts: Wide range of herbaceous plants When it is a problem: Summer IPM Techniques: Plant resistant varieties Introduction. Fusarium wilt is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. This pathogen, like Verticillium, invades the host plant through the roots and plugs the water-conducting tissue. Fusarium wilt can cause serious plant losses, especially in areas where soil and air temperatures are 80° to 90° F during much of the season. Symptoms. In seedling plants, Fusarium wilt causes drooping and downward curvature of the oldest leaves, usually followed by wilting and death of the plant. Older plants are infected at all stages of growth, but disease symptoms generally become most evident when the fruits begin to mature Yellowing of the lower leaves occurs first, with often the leaves on only one side of the stem turning yellow. As the disease progresses, yellowing and wilting continue up the stem until the foliage is killed and the stem dies. A reddish-brown color develops to the woody stem, which can be seen when the stem is cut open lengthwise. Any fruit produced on infected plants is usually of poor quality. Control. Once a tomato plant becomes infected by either Verticillium or Fusarium, nothing can be done to control the disease. Disease resistant tomato varieties must be planted to prevent infection. Some recommended varieties include Early Pak VF, Packmore VF, Ace 55 VF, Royal Ace VF, VFN Bush, V FNB, and Cal mart V FN. The letters "V," "F," or "N" following the names of the tomato varieties indicate resistance: "V" for verticillium wilt, "F" for Fusarium wilt, and/or "N" for root-knot nematodes. Bibliography Vegetable Gardening. Growing Tomatoes. Leaflet 2642, Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California, 1977. About Tomatoes, Ortho Book Series, 1976. Page 1 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Method for Rapid Production of Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp
    The Journal of Cotton Science 17:52–59 (2013) 52 http://journal.cotton.org, © The Cotton Foundation 2013 PLANT PATHOLOGY AND NEMATOLOGY Method for Rapid Production of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Chlamydospores Rebecca S. Bennett* and R. Michael Davis ABSTRACT persist in soil until a host is encountered (Baker, 1953; Nash et al., 1961). Despite the fact that A soil broth made from the commercial pot- chlamydospores are the primary soilborne propagule ting mix SuperSoil® induced rapid production of of F. oxysporum, conidia are frequently used chlamydospores in several isolates of Fusarium in pathogenicity assays (Elgersma et al., 1972; oxysporum. Eight of 12 isolates of F. oxysporum Garibaldi et al., 2004; Ulloa et al., 2006) because f. sp. vasinfectum produced chlamydospores mass quantities of conidia are easily generated. within five days when grown in SuperSoil broth. However, conidia may be inappropriate substitutes The chlamydospore-producing isolates included for chlamydospores for studies involving pathogen four known races and four genotypes of F. oxy- survival in soil. Conidia may be less resistant sporum f. sp. vasinfectum. The SuperSoil broth than chlamydospores to adverse environmental also induced rapid chlamydospore production conditions (Baker, 1953; Freeman and Katan, 1988; in three other formae speciales of F. oxysporum: Goyal et al., 1974). lycopersici, lactucae, and melonis. No change in Various methods for chlamydospore produc- chlamydospore production was observed when tion in the lab have been described, but many have variations of the SuperSoil broth (no glucose limitations that preclude rapid production of large added, no light during incubation, and 60-min quantities of chlamydospores. Some methods are autoclave times) were tested on six isolates of best suited for small-scale production, such as those F.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Tomato Diseases Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum
    Crop Protection 73 (2015) 78e92 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Crop Protection journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cropro Management of tomato diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum R.J. McGovern a, b, * a Chiang Mai University, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand b NBD Research Co., Ltd., 91/2 Rathburana Rd., Lampang 52000, Thailand article info abstract Article history: Fusarium wilt (FW) and Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) caused by Received 12 November 2014 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, respectively, continue to Received in revised form present major challenges for production of this important crop world-wide. Intensive research has led to 21 February 2015 an increased understanding of these diseases and their management. Recent research on the manage- Accepted 23 February 2015 ment of FW and FCRR has focused on diverse individual strategies and their integration including host Available online 12 March 2015 resistance, and chemical, biological and physical control. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Fusarium wilt Fusarium crown and root rot Solanum lycopersicum Integrated disease management Host resistance Biological control Methyl bromide alternatives 1. Background production. Losses from FW can be very high given susceptible host- virulent pathogen combinations (Walker,1971); yield losses of up to Fusarium oxysporum represents a species complex that includes 45% were recently reported in India (Ramyabharathi et al., 2012). many important plant and human pathogens and toxigenic micro- Losses from FCRR in greenhouse tomato have been estimated at up organisms (Nelson et al., 1981; Laurence et al., 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Garden Mum Production: Diseases and Nutritional Disorders Nicole Ward Gauthier, Extension Plant Pathologist Ray Tackett, Extension Horticulture Agent
    University of Kentucky College of Agriculture Plant Pathology Extension Coop ERAtivE ExtENSioN SERviCE UNivERSitY oF KENtUCKY CollEgE oF AgRiCUltURE, FooD AND ENviRoNmENt Plant Pathology Fact Sheet PPFS-OR-H-10 garden mum production: Diseases and Nutritional Disorders Nicole Ward gauthier, Extension Plant Pathologist Ray tackett, Extension Horticulture Agent Contents introduction — 2 Diseases � Bacterial Blight — 2 � Bacterial leaf Spot — 3 � Fungal leaf Spots & Blight — 3 � Fusarium Wilt — 4 � pythium Root Rot — 4 � Rhizoctonia Stem Rot — 5 � Rhizoctonia Web Blight — 5 Nutritional Disorders � High Soluble Salts — 6 � Soil pH — 6 � Calcium Deficiency — 6 � iron Deficiency — 6 � manganese Deficiency — 6 Additional Resources — 7 Agriculture & Natural Resources • Family & Consumer Sciences • 4-H/Youth Development • Community & Economic Development introduction Many Kentucky vegetable and greenhouse producers Most garden mums produced in Kentucky are are beginning to include fall chrysanthemum container‐grown. Typically, these plants are set production in their operations. Garden mums are outdoors onto nursery cloth that is in direct contact usually planted in June and sold in September when with natural ground. The most common mum fall color is in demand. Production can vary in size; diseases are caused by soilborne pathogens, which small scale growers may produce as few as 200 plants overwinter in soil beneath nursery cloth. If plants per season. Size of the operation influences cultural are set into the same areas year after year, inoculum practices, as well as initial investments in important (fungal and bacterial survival structures) builds up practices (e.g., surface drainage, pre‐plant fungicide and disease risk increases with each passing season. dips, and pre‐emergent herbicides); all of which can In these cases, disease losses can be as much as 50%, impact disease management.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonization, Distribution, and Phenolic Content in Susceptible and Resistant Tomato Isolines Infected by Fusarium Oxysporum F Sp Lycopersici Races 1 and 2
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Fall 1976 COLONIZATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND PHENOLIC CONTENT IN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TOMATO ISOLINES INFECTED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F SP LYCOPERSICI RACES 1 AND 2 WILLIAM SCOTT CONWAY Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation CONWAY, WILLIAM SCOTT, "COLONIZATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND PHENOLIC CONTENT IN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TOMATO ISOLINES INFECTED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F SP LYCOPERSICI RACES 1 AND 2" (1976). Doctoral Dissertations. 1129. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1129 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Arabidopsis and Tomato: Identification and Functional Characterization
    Verticillium wilt resistance in Arabidopsis and tomato: Identification and functional characterization Koste A. Yadeta Thesis committee Promoter Prof. dr. ir. P.J.G.M de Wit Professor of Phytopathology Wageningen University Co-promoter Dr. ir. B.P.H.J. Thomma Associate professor, Laboratory of Phytopathology Wageningen University Other members Prof. dr. ir. H. J. Bouwmeester, Wageningen University Dr. ir. M. G. M. Aarts, Wageningen University Dr. ir. A. F. J. M. van den Ackerveken, Utrecht University Dr. R. Folkertsma, Monsanto, Bergschenhoek This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences Verticillium wilt resistance in Arabidopsis and tomato: Identification and functional characterization Koste A. Yadeta Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 15 October 2012 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Koste A. Yadeta Verticillium wilt resistance in Arabidopsis and tomato: Identification and functional characterization, 148 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2012) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN: 978-94-6173-384-9 CONTENTS Chapter 1 7 General introduction Chapter 2 37 The Arabidopsis thaliana DNA binding protein AHL19 mediates Verticillium wilt resistance Chapter 3 71 EVR1 provides resistance to vascular wilt pathogens Chapter 4 101 Identification and characterization of Verticillium race 2 resistance in wild tomato accessions Chapter 5 121 General discussion Summary 136 Samenvatting 138 Acknowledgements 141 Curriculum vitae 144 Publications 145 Education certificate 147 Chapter 1 Xylem defence against vascular pathogens Chapter 1 Abstract Plants are constantly engaged in battles against a wide range of potential pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, protozoa, and nematodes.
    [Show full text]
  • Fusarium Wilt of Tomato, Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp
    Fusarium wilt of tomato, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 – a soil-borne killer Kelley Paugh and Cassandra Swett, Vegetable Crop Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, UC Davis DISEASE PROFILE Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) race 3 causes Fusarium wilt, a disease currently affecting most tomato-producing counties in California. Fol is divided into groups called races, based on the ability to overcome genetic host resistance. Fol race 3 is the most recent race, which overcame genetic resistance to race 2. Fol race 3 was long restricted to the Sutter Basin but began spreading in the early 2000s and is now present in every county with large-scale tomato production – making this one of the greatest economic threats to the industry. Growers are seeking solutions for this damaging soil-borne disease. In this article, we provide an issue overview as well as the latest information on Fusarium wilt race 3 spread, control, and prevention. The focus is on current research that is shining a light on new prospects for management of Fusarium wilt in tomato. This research is ongoing, and updates may be available from your local farm advisor. Key characteristics of disease. Bright yellow foliage on one or several shoots on an otherwise normal plant are the earliest symptoms, typically starting at about 60 days after planting. The one-sided yellowing of a branch or whole plant can help distinguish this disease from other wilt pathogens (e.g. Verticillium wilt) and other causes of chlorotic conditions (e.g. nutrient disorders) (Figure 1A). From time of initial symptoms to harvest, disease symptoms progress from shoot yellowing to branch death.
    [Show full text]
  • Beet, Chard, Spinach
    5 Beet, chard, spinach Figures 5.1 to 5.17; 5.6T1; 5.7T1; 5.15T1 Bacterial diseases 5.1 Scab Fungal diseases 5.2 Aphanomyces root rot (black root rot) 5.3 Cercospora leaf spot 5.4 Downy mildew 5.5 Fusarium wilt 5.6 Phoma leaf spot and root rot 5.7 Pythium root rot 5.8 Rhizoctonia root rot 5.9 White rust Viral diseases 5.10 Spinach blight Non-infectious diseases 5.11 Heart rot (boron deficiency) Nematode pests 5.12 Northern root-knot nematode 5.13 Root-lesion nematode 5.14 Sugarbeet cyst nematode Insect pests 5.15 Beet leafhopper 5.16 Flea beetles Redheaded flea beetle Other flea beetles 5.17 Other insect pests Aphids (black bean aphid, green peach aphid, sugarbeet root aphid) Beet web worm Leafminers (beet leafminer, spinach leafminer) White grubs Additional references BACTERIAL DISEASES 5.1 Scab Fig. 5.1 Streptomyces scabies (Thaxt.) Waksman & Henrici (syn. Actinomyces scabies (Thaxt.) Giissow) Scab is occasionally seen on red beet, where it causes raised, corky growths on the surface of affected roots (5.7). Lesioning usually is greatest just below the soil line. This disease doesn’t reduce crop yields, but scabby roots may be unmarketable. For more information on the causal agent, disease cycle and management of scab, see Potato, 16.5. (Original by R.J. Howard and R.F. Cerkauskas) FUNGAL DISEASES 5.2 Aphanomyces root rot Fig. 5.2 (black root rot) Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechs. Aphanomyces root rot is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated beets, especially sugar beet.
    [Show full text]
  • Solanum Lycopersicum L.) in GHANA
    University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh PATHOGENICITY OF Meloidogyne incognita AND Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ON GROWTH, YIELD AND WILT SEVERITY IN TWO VARIETIES OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) IN GHANA BY VIGBEDOR DELADEM HANNAH 10375148 THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FUFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (MPHIL) CROP SCIENCE DEGREE DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA JULY, 2019 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I, HANNAH DELADEM VIGBEDOR, do hereby declare that except for references to the work of other researchers that have been duly acknowledged, this work submitted is the outcome of my original investigations and findings and that this thesis has neither in whole or in part been presented for another degree elsewhere. …………………………… ………………….. HANNAH DELADEM VIGBEDOR DATE (STUDENT) ………………………………… ………………….. DR. S. T. NYAKU DATE (MAIN SUPERVISOR) ………………………………. ………………….. DR. E. W. CORNELIUS DATE (CO – SUPERVISOR) i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my parents, Mr. Samuel Vigbedor and Mrs. Juliana Vigbedor for their support throughout the period of this study. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My deepest thanks to God Almighty for his grace and protection throughout the years. I also want to thank Dr. Seloame Tatu Nyaku, Dr. Eric Cornelius and Dr. Vincent Eziah, all lecturers at the Department of Crop Science who encouraged and directed me in the course of this study. May God bless and increase you in wisdom. To Mr. Samuel Osabutey, Mr. Richard Otoo and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Tomato Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia Solanaearum E.F
    Tomato resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanaearum E.F. Smith: ancestry and peculiarities Marie-Christine Daunay, Henri Laterrot, J.W. Scott, P. Hanson, J.F. Wang To cite this version: Marie-Christine Daunay, Henri Laterrot, J.W. Scott, P. Hanson, J.F. Wang. Tomato resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanaearum E.F. Smith: ancestry and peculiarities. 2010. hal- 02824908 HAL Id: hal-02824908 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02824908 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Report of the Tomato Genetics Cooperative Volume 60 December 2010 Report of the Tomato Genetics Cooperative Number 60- December 2010 University of Florida Gulf Coast Research and Education Center 14625 County Road 672 Wimauma, FL 33598 USA Foreword The Tomato Genetics Cooperative, initiated in 1951, is a group of researchers who share and interest in tomato genetics, and who have organized informally for the purpose of exchanging information, germplasm, and genetic stocks. The Report of the Tomato Genetics Cooperative is published annually and contains reports of work in progress by members, announcements and updates on linkage maps and materials available.
    [Show full text]
  • Verticillium Wilt of Vegetables and Herbaceous Ornamentals
    Dr. Sharon M. Douglas Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Huntington Street, P. O. Box 1106 New Haven, CT 06504 Phone: (203) 974-8601 Fax: (203) 974-8502 Founded in 1875 Email: [email protected] Putting science to work for society Website: www.ct.gov/caes VERTICILLIUM WILT OF VEGETABLES AND HERBACEOUS ORNAMENTALS Verticillium wilt is a disease of over 300 SYMPTOMS AND DISEASE species throughout the United States. This DEVELOPMENT: includes a wide variety of vegetables and Symptoms of Verticillium wilt vary by host herbaceous ornamentals. Tomatoes, and environmental conditions. In many eggplants, peppers, potatoes, dahlia, cases, symptoms do not develop until the impatiens, and snapdragon are among the plant is bearing flowers or fruit or after hosts of this disease. Plants weakened by periods of stressful hot, dry weather. Older root damage from drought, waterlogged leaves are usually the first to develop soils, and other environmental stresses are symptoms, which include yellowing, thought to be more prone to infection. wilting, and eventually dying and dropping from the plant. Infected leaves can also Since Verticillium wilt is a common disease, develop pale yellow blotches on the lower breeding programs have contributed many leaves (Figure 1) and necrotic, V-shaped varieties or cultivars of plants with genetic lesions at the tips of the leaves. resistance—this has significantly reduced the prevalence of this disease on many plants, especially on vegetables. However, the recent interest in planting “heirloom” varieties, which do not carry resistance genes, has resulted in increased incidence of Verticillium wilt on these hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • (Panama Disease) of Banana Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp
    Technical Manual Prevention and diagnostic of Fusarium Wilt (Panama disease) of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4) Luis Pérez-Vicente PhD. Senior Plant Pathologist, INISAV, Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Miguel A. Dita, PhD. Research Scientist on Plant Pathology, Brazilian Research Agricultural Corporation – EMBRAPA, Brazil. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Einar Martínez- de la Parte, MSc Plant Pathologist, INISAV, Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Prepared for the Regional Workshop on the Diagnosis of Fusarium Wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4: Mitigating the Threat and Preventing its Spread in the Caribbean FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS May 2014 1 Technical Manual Prevention and diagnostic of Fusarium Wilt (Panama disease) of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4) Luis Pérez-Vicente PhD. Senior Plant Pathologist, INISAV, Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Miguel A. Dita, PhD. Research Scientist on Plant Pathology, Brazilian Research Agricultural Corporation – EMBRAPA, Brazil. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Einar Martínez- de la Parte, MSc Plant Pathologist, INISAV, Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Prepared for the Regional Workshop on the Diagnosis of Fusarium Wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4: Mitigating the Threat and Preventing its Spread in the Caribbean FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS May 2014 2 INDEX Introduction:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 Fusarium wilt of banana or panama disease by Fusarium oxysporum f.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Banana Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum F
    Technical Manual Prevention and diagnostic of Fusarium Wilt (Panama disease) of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4) Luis Pérez-Vicente PhD. Senior Plant Pathologist, INISAV, Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Miguel A. Dita, PhD. Research Scientist on Plant Pathology, Brazilian Research Agricultural Corporation – EMBRAPA, Brazil. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Einar Martínez- de la Parte, MSc Plant Pathologist, INISAV, Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Prepared for the Regional Workshop on the Diagnosis of Fusarium Wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4: Mitigating the Threat and Preventing its Spread in the Caribbean FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS May 2014 1 Technical Manual Prevention and diagnostic of Fusarium Wilt (Panama disease) of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4) Luis Pérez-Vicente PhD. Senior Plant Pathologist, INISAV, Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Miguel A. Dita, PhD. Research Scientist on Plant Pathology, Brazilian Research Agricultural Corporation – EMBRAPA, Brazil. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Einar Martínez- de la Parte, MSc Plant Pathologist, INISAV, Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba. Expert Consultant on Fusarium wilt disease of banana Prepared for the Regional Workshop on the Diagnosis of Fusarium Wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4: Mitigating the Threat and Preventing its Spread in the Caribbean FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS May 2014 2 INDEX Introduction:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 Fusarium wilt of banana or panama disease by Fusarium oxysporum f.
    [Show full text]