Inside The Celatof"ID ... Vol. 22, No.9 The ~ tor. September 2008 Consecutive Issue No. 255 Incorporating Roman Coinf alld CII {wre FEATURES Publisher/Editor Kerry K. WcUerstrom [email protected] 6 Observations on the Madonna Denars of Matthias Corvinus of Hungary-Part I Associate Editors by Steven H. Kaplan Robert L. Black Michael R. Mehalick 20 A Cosmic Journey on a Roman Coin Page 6 by Robert S. Mcivor For Back Issues Fn:m The Roman Empire's Resurrection of 1987 to May 1999 contact: 38 Wayne Sayles Alexander the Great [email protected] by Brian Geeslin
Art: Parnell Nelson DEPARTMENTS
Maps & Graphic Art: Page 20 Kenny Grady 2 Editor's Note - Coming Next Month 4 Letters to the Editor P.O. Box 10607 Lancaster, PA 17605 32 People in the News TeUFax: 717-656-8557 f,lrofilrs in .flUlnisn1fltirs For FedEx & UPS deliveries: Kerry K. Wetterstrom 33 Art and the Market 87 Apricot Ave Leola, PA 17540-1788 About the cover: A 35 Book News- Corpus of the Nomismata from common Hungarian de www.celator.com Anastasius /I to John I in Constantinople, 713-976 nar issued by King Mat The Celator (ISSN #1048-0986) th ias Corvinus in 1488· is an independent journal pub 36 Coming Events lished on the first day of each 1489. The Hungarian month at 87 Apricot Ave. Leola, 41 ANTIQ1lITIES by DavidUebert coat of arms, with a PA 17540-1788.11 is cirCU lated in raven in the central es ternationally through subscrip tions and special distributions. 42 ([oins of tbr ;EliiJ (r by David Hendin cutcheon (Matthias' Subscription rales, payable in family arms), is on the U.S. funds. are $36 per year (Pe 44 The Internet Connection obverse, and a crowned riodical rate) within the United Slates; $45 to Canada; $75 per by Kevin Barry & Zachary "Beast" Beasley and nimbate Madonna year to all other addresses (ISAL). holding the infant Jesus Advertising and copy deadline is 45 C;:hrough the Cooking gla.ss the first WOrkday of each month for is on the reverse. Photo the follOWing month's issue. Unso· by Wayne G. Sayles courtesy of Fritz Rudolf liciled aroc!es and news releases Klinker MOnzenhand are welcome. however publication Cartoon cannol be guaranteed. Unless ex 46 lung, Auction 130, lot pressly stated, The Celalorneither 2908, October 9"', 2007. endorses nor is responsible lor the 47 Professional Directory contents of advertisements. letters to·the-editor, feature articles. regu· 52 On the Road - The Celator"s Show & Club Schedule lar columns and press releases in The Ceiatoroffice will its pages, including any opinions stated therein, and the accuracy 01 54 Club & Society Directory be closed from Aug. any data provided by its oonlliOO 29th-Sept. 1'\ Sept. tors. Periodical postage paid 55 Classifieds -Index of Display Advertisers rd (USPS #006077) Lancaster. PA 19~ and Oct. 3 • 17603 and addilional offioos. Check the "On the Copyright © 2008, Paradigm Road' section for fur Numismatics & Publishing, Inc. ther deta'fis. Office hours are.... hormally Postmaster: please send address changes to: Noon t6 6PM ES'. PO. Box 10607 Please keep irvniiid Lancaster, PA 17605-0607 that this is-a 6ne-per son business when FOUNDED 1987 BY you're trying to reach WAYNE G. SAYLES me. Thank you! EDITOR'S " COMING NEXT ~ MONTH NOTE ~~ . IN THE CELATOR® [ did attend the Observations on the Madonna recent ANA con Del1ars of Matthias Corvi/1us vent ion in Balti more.1 swear! If you were looking for of Hlll1gary-Part II me, and d id not find me, even after by Steven H. Kaplan having me paged, please accept my The Caesar apologies. Between my judging duties, Sydney Noe would be Erik Goldstein Julius the N urnisrnatic Theater presentllliollS, himself. Many of you may remember 'Elephant' Denarius: and a one-day seminar that [ attended him from when he worked for Dr. Arnic Saslow and was a fami liar face at coin What is the Symbolism? on the Friday of the convention, Illy by James A Hauck time on the bourse floor was more lim shows during the 1990s. ited than usual. It was a whirlwind of Another friend of mine. Ray Will Dionysos Unmasked on activity, and one of the more enjoy iams. the president of the Colonial able ANA conventions \hal J have par Coin Collectors Club. is fond of tell Neapolitan Nomoi ticipated in . ing me. "Colonial U.S. coins are the by Joseph Wihnyk I decided 10 treal myself by sign ancients of America." Now, I only ing up for Erik Goldstein's (Curator need to convince every collector of AND COMING SOON of Numismatics at Colon ial Williams U.S. Colonial coinage that they need burg) one-day seminar on the "Numis to subscribe to The Cc!aror so that they Observatiolls on the Madonna matics of Colonial America." Having can truly enjoy their hobby! OC/1ars of Mntthias Coroinus offered a similar one-day course on III "Ancient Greek and Roman Coins:' I ******* ** ofHI1l1ganj-Part know what a challenge it is to lry \0 by Steven H Kaplan cover a large amount of material in a Bascd on thc lime 1 did spcnd Oil thc bourse floor at Baltimorc. the an Faces of Empire - Part Xl- very short period of time. Erik did a fantastic job by being wel l orgamzed cient coin market is still very active. Hellenistic Beauty to Tetrar It rcmains a challenge for the U.S. and prepared. At the end of the day, cliic/Col'lstantinian Brutality collector and dealer to buy as the weak he had all of his students racing off to by Cornelius Venneule the bourse floor in search of some of U.S. dollar is sending many a coin the intriguing coins he had tal ked back to the other side of the Atlantic. The Birth of jesus Viewed but the astute person can find some about during hi s seminar. Through Coins J have been aware for some time bargains if they search long enough. By Richard Plant now of the collecting overlap between One collcctor. a friend of mine from Lancaster. found some silver obols of e
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September 2008 3 Author Appreciates Letter becomes in Latin an f, so that for in stance Greek "thymos" is cognate with I was very impressed with Edward Latin "fumus.") Cohen's letter in the July issue about my So 100 with "coin," I've even seen 5i?ette/,j article "A Roman Moneyer." He obviously accounts that purport to derive "coin" has a great depth of knowledge about from the Latin "coinquinare" ('to befoul, Roman denarii. Upon reading my arti infect, pollute'), but again similar sounds cle, Mr. Cohen detected what he must don 't constitute rel iable historical con have seen as a stunning error, that is, nection. In fact our wo rd "coin" comes confusing, and writing about an L. Piso ultimate ly from the Latin "cuneus" Kudos to George White Frugi Denarius from gO BC while show ('wedge') , from which derive Spanish ing a similar looking, 67 BC, coin mint "cuno," Portuguese "conho," - and, in The July Gelator arrived rather lale ed by his son, C. Calpurnius Piso Frugi! Old French, "coigne." (The nasal vowel this time, but it is never too late to con But rather then excoriating the author, sound enters the word in Old French.) gratulate George H, While for his ex me, for such an apparently egregious Among the Greek words to which it is cellent article. Although my col lecting error, Mr. Cohen gently couched his cor related is not "koinos" but ugonios" ('an spec ially is nowhere near Aquileia, it rection as an addition to the article. He gular'-source of the 'gon'ending in "pen was interesting, fun and instructive at gave the correct date for the coin pic tagon, " "hexagon," etc.). the same time to be at the show tured, without "correcting" my article di And the word's application to money through the eyes of a fe llow collector. rectl y, and even identified the moneyer comes only in the middle ages. Accord Perhaps some of your readers wi ll now for the pictured coin as being a "Piso" ing to the Robert's historical dictionary, write, in the same eloquent and edu denarius (both the coin about which I by about 1000 AD the French word was cative manner, about their experienc wrote and the one pictured are tEchnica ll y being applied to dies used for minti ng, es at major U.S. shows. "Piso denarii," as in father and son). Of and by the 11ODs, for the minted objects I wou ld a lso like to refe r Peter course, the editor's correction in the July ("coins") themselves. in the next centu Lewis, who noticed "The Macedonian issue addressed the printing mix-up, but I ry, the word enters English from Anglo Connection" (pages 34 and 36), to an wanted the editor, and Mr. Cohen, to know French. (Curiously, the French word also article by Dr. Kalerini Liampi in Nomis that I appreciated the singular display of gave rise to a medieval Latin word, "coi matika Khronika (NomKhron) 8 (1989) class he showed in his missive , nus": this is non-classical, but instead a p. 35 ff. The article is also translated in Greg Zentz borrowing from French back into scho English, and if the library of the Aus Florida lastic Latin!) tralian Numismatic Society does not Perhaps the Greek word "nomisma have this issue, I will be pleased to The Etymology of "Coin" ta " (source of Latin "nummus" and En send him a photocopy, Concluding, the glish "numismatics") would have served It shouldn't detra ct from the sugges author suggests that "",the presence Mr. Molinari's case. As David 5chaps tiveness of Nicholas Molinari's medita of Macedonian symbols and in partic has explained in The Invention of Coin tion on "The Ph ilosopher and the Ceia ular the Macedonian shield relates to age and the Monetization of Early tor" (August 200B) to point out that the the 'Macedonians' or to those 'armed Greece (Michigan, 2004), early Greeks English word "coin" is not, as he suggests, in the Macedonian style' , who served who in itial ly had no word for coins hit re lated to the Greek "koinos" ('common'). in the ranks of the armies of King Herod upon (among other names) "nomisma The words sound sim ilar, but the laws I. He portrayed their characteristic ar ta": 'customary things.' In this case, of sound-change worked out by the his mor on his copper issue honoring, in though, it seems thatlhe new financial toricallinguists of the nineteenth centu all likel ihood, their contribution during invention aligns not with inquiry into ry show us that many such pairings are, the lengthy wars wh ich established him "physis" (,nature') but rather with what, in the argot of language teachers, false on the Judean throne," two millennia later, people would start friends. We now know for instance th at , Keep the good work up. to call "culture." despite appearances, the Greek word Basil C. Demetriadi Douglas Lane Patey "theos" and the Latin "deus" (both mean Athens, Greece Smith Col/ege ing 'god') are not related . (Greek theta Northampton, Massachusetts
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September 2008 5 Observations on the Madonna Denars of Matthias Corvinus of Hungary-Part I of each of the types of this coinage that by Steven H. Kaplan were issued by Malthias, and the prob le ms posed by the catalogs with re spect to each. It also addresses, on a Few medieval coins arc as readily preliminary basis, the design and ma available as the Madonna denars (pen jor legend variations within each type, nies) of Hungary. First issued by Mat and the commonness or rarity of this thias Corvinus (Matyas Hunyadi in coinage by type, by variation within Hungarian- 1458- 1490) (see Figure I each typc, and by mintmark. Thc ob for a contemporary portrait of Matthi servations made in th is article are per as) in 1468. the basic design fea tures force preliminary, as only approxi remained unchanged even beyond the matcly two hu ndred seventy coins discontinuation of the dena!" as a sil have been studied. 4 vcr coin, by Maria Theresa (1740- 1780), in 1756 I Undated Madonna The Great Coinage denars were issued by Matthias and, Reform of 1467 until 1503, by his successor. W ladis Figure I- Portrait of Mauilias laus II Jagiel lo ( 1490- 1516), after CUIl'inlls. by Andrea Mantegl/a. as il During thc first decade of his reign, which year a1l Madonn 6 The Gelator The Miinzen ond Medaillen Companies 1942-2008 For 66 years our legacy has been to serve the collector ofAncient, Medieval & Modern Coins ... and we would like to serve you too! • Illustrated Fixed Price Lists· • Public Sales· Appraisals· Buying and Selling· • Large Stock in All Price Ranges· Please send us your want list. We will fill it! Three offices to serve you: Miinzen und Medaillen GmbH - Joachim Stollhoff Postfach 2245 D-79557 Weil, Germany Telephone: (011) 49 76 21 48560· Fax: (011) 49 76 2148529 M&M Numismatics, Ltd. - Lucien Birkler P.O. Box 65908, Washington, D.C. 20035 USA Telephone: (202) 833-3770 • Fax: (202) 429-5275 ACAMA - Antike Miinzkunst - Dr. Hans Voegtli Malzgasse 25 Postfach CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Telephone: (011) 4161272 75 44· Fax: (011) 4161272 75 14 September 2008 7 was stabilizcd at .500 fincness. With one aml/yforil/t. The size of the denar that had accumulated over time, little an average wcight of 0.59023 grams (roughly 16 millimcters) rcmained revenue was generated by the annual (416 dcnars werc minted from an unchanged . Second, MaUhias recog recall and renewal of the silver coin O/ner mark of silver) per denar, onc nized that. with thc numbcr of cxcmp age, and thi s practice was discontin hundred denars were equal in valuc 10 Lions to the paymcnt of seigniorage ued, and a uniform design type (that of the Madonna coinage) was intro duced. Third, after a hiatus of rough ly one hundred ycars, 11 garas (groat; with a value equal to four denars) was again issued.) Fourth, the number of mints was reduced . Before the re form, denars were minted in Krem nitz (Kiirmiicbanya in Hungarian. now Cremnica, Slovakia). Buda (now the western part of Budapest), Kaschau (Kassa in Hungarian, now Kosice. Slovakia), Nagybanya (now Baia Mare, Romania). and in several other Transylvanian cities. By 147 1, dcnars were minted on ly at Kremnitz and Nagybanya. The Basic Features of , all Madonna Denars Figure 2-Dellars issued by Matthias before the coinage reform: (/. 1463 (silver) Nugyhdnya The defining feature of all Madon !IIim. hy Elllericus Szapolyai. Huszar 706, Pohl 206-8, Rethy JJ 228. Unger 556h: h. 1464 na denars is the representation of the (si/l)er) Kaschau minI. hy Istvdn Kuwdch. Huszar 708, Pohl 208-5, Relhy II 219. Unger Madonna ho lding the infant Jesus, 557e: c. 1465 (hil/(!I1) NagybQllya minI. by Emericus Szapolyai. HUS7.ar 710. Pohl 210-11. which appears on the revcrse of the Rcthy II 227, Unger 5581: d. 1467 (silver) Hilda lIIinl. by Ist)'(ill Kowach or ISIl'(ill Mikula. coin. surrounded by the broken leg Huszar 714. Pohl 214-1, Rethy II 214, Unger 561 a. The designfemurcH)// Ihese coil/s are end, PATRONA VNGARIE (Patron the shield wilh Arp{ldiall slripcs. parriurclw[ cross, and either a Bohelllia/l lioll or a raven ess of Hungary) or an abbreviated varian t of that legend. The Madonna's IVilh a ring in its heak. headdress. and the location of Ihe in fant Jesus 10 her right or her left. are among the fealures upon which the classification of Madonna denars into types is based (a few common revers JOHN JENCEK es showing different styles of the Ma Ancient Coinl & Antiquitiea donna and infant Jesus are shown in Figure 3 on page 10). The identifica tion of the Virgin Mary as Ihc patron ess of Hungary dates back 10 the ear liest period of Hungarian history. Ac cording to a tradition. the last death bed act of Hungary's first king , Stephen I (997-1038; canonized in 1083), who died wit hout an hei r (his only son, imre, having been killed by a wi ld boar in a hunting accident) and who anticipated a bloody feud between branches of the family over the succes sion, was a prayer in which he placed the country under the protection of the Virg in Mary. The Madonna and infant Jesus was a new motif on Hungarian coinage (having only appeared once be fore, on a copper coin of Bela ill 11172- 1196]), and coincided with Mauhias' campaign to conquer Bohemia. The motif may have been invoked as an al lusion to Matthias, as the self-styled pro lector of Christianity, who was engaged in a two-front war. againsl Islam (the 8 The Celator September 2008 9 Ottoman Turks) along Ihe sout he rn bor Hungary 's fo und ing Arpfid ian dynas The lower ri ght fie ld on most ty pes der' and against the hereti cal Hussites ty and the patriilfehal cross. respec dcpicts a rampant Bohern ian lion. This of Bohemia in the non hwest. tively. The A. rpadian stripes were in had appeared on the Hungari an coin The mint marks appear on the re lroduced b y Emerec (1196- 1204). and agc of Sigismund o f Lu xembu rg ve rse. as field letters and symbols. The may have been inspired by the coal ( 1387- 1437), Albert o f Habsbu rg letter in the field to the left of the Ma of-arms of his Aragonese wife. The ( 14 37- 14 39), and Ladislaus V, all of donna genemlly indicates the mint . and patriarchal eross wa s introduced by whom were kings of both Hun gary and the 1cller or symbol in the fi eld to Ihe Behi Ill, nnd refl ec ts the in nuence of Bohcmill. It al so appenred on the coin- ri ght of the age of Mallhi Madonn a gen as' father. erally indicates Janos Hun ya the moneyer. di . in hi s ca The ob pacity as gov verse depicts ernor of Hun the Hungarian gary ( 14 46- shie ld. divid 1453) du rin g ed into fo ur Lad islaus' mi fi e ld s, sur nority. Matthi rounded by an as did not have a bbre viated a he rcditary Figl1re 3- DljJi:rc!I1 t styles 0/ Madonna and ill/tlllt Je~· lIs on the re)ler.fe: n. Kerchie/ed Madonna vll riant of the claim to th e lI"ith ill/alii Je.l"IIs to her right; b. C/Vwned Madoll //a with in/ani JeslI.f to her le/t; c. C/vwlled usual ly con B o h c mi a n tinuous leg Madolllla wirh ill/ant Jeslls to her right. bOlll witll halos. c ro wn , but e nd, MONE launc hed a TA MAT HIE REG IS VN GARIE the Byzantine cou rt at whi ch Bel a cam paign to conquer that kingdom in (Money of Matth ias. King of Hunga spent his you th. Both had been recur 1468. The pretext for the invas ion was ry). The obverses tend to be some rin g sy mbols on Hun gari an coinnge the declaration, by Pope Paul 111 in what more uniform between types than for centuries. 1466. that Bohemia 's Huss it c kin g. are the reverses (two common obvcrs The lower left fi eld depicts two leop Georgc Podebrad, wa s a hereti c. In es are shown in Figure 4 on page 12). ard heads, a symbol of Dalmalia, which 1469, the disgruntled Catholic mag The upper lcft and upper right had been conquered and annexed by nates of Bohemia and Moravia elect fi eld s depict the traditional siripes of Colornan (1095- 111 6) in 1105. ed Matthias king.9 On some types, the lion is crowned. Th is is the lion of Beszterce or Huny adi lion, after the titl e bestowed upon J~no s Hun yadi by Ladislaus in 1453 ANTIQUA INC. (see endnote 5- enlargements of the two sl ightly different lions arc shown • Special izi ng in ancient art and numis in Figure 5 on page 14). This li on ap peared on coins issued by Hunyad i nnd mat ics with an emphasis on quali ty, on some of Mnllhias' pre-Madonna rarity, and desi rability coinage. 1O The kind of lion in thc fi cld is another feature upon whi ch the cl as • Over 2S years of professional ex pertise si fi cation of Matth ias' denars is some· times based. • Regular and active presence in the At the center of the shield is the international marketplace monarch's fam ily arms. In the casc of the Hun yadi fami ly, this symbol is the • Fully ill ustrated catalogues featuring raven, and in the case of Mallhias, the carefully selected material raven holds a ring in it s beak. The raven on hi s Madonna dellars is depi ct • Representation for serious collectors ed both with and without th e rin g. at all major intern ational auction sales Anton io Bonfini, Matthias ' court hi s· torian, c lnimed that the family de • Appraisals, market advice, liquidation scended from the ancient Rom an gens advice and professional courtesy to all of Corvini. which was often associat ed with a raven ( eOrl'lI.5. in Latin), interested parties from which the surname Corvi n us is • Visit our web site: Antiquainc.com derived. According to Bonfi ni, Janos Hunyadi originally carne from the vil A fully illustrated catalogue sellt ItpOIl request lage of Corvino vico (Kevevilra in Hungarian, now Kovin. Serbia). and 20969 VENTURA BLVD ., SU ITE # 11 TEL: 8 18-887-0011 thi s is believed 10 be the actual origin WOODlAND HIill, CA 91364 FAX: 8 18-887-0069 of the fam ily sy mbo l, although other 10 The Gelato' $10.00 for a three-day pass valid Friday through Sunday - 16 and under free with an adult * (Check our website to print a discount admission coupon - www.nyinc.info) * America's Most Prestigious NYINC NEW YORK INn:RNATIONAL Ancient & Foreign Coin Show NUMISMATIC CONVENTlON th The 37 Annual "J?WWJlllyfuIDeWiIll NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONVENTION The Waldorf Astoria Hotel- New York City 301 Park Avenue between East 49" & 50" Streets. (212) 355-3000 Call the Waldorf Astoria HO/el rese/va/ions department at 212-355-3000 and askfor the special N YINC rate of$267 or $295 depending 011 accomodclfiol/s selected. Specify rate code ''NYN'' for our special rates. #' Club Meetings AUCTIONS BY: ~~ Educational Forums • Heritage World Coin Auctions: Sunday & Monday, Jan. 4-5 /~ Y'\;. Seminars • Giulio Bernardi S.R.LJNumismatik Lanz: Monday, Jan. 5 -""~rcJ tr Exhibits • Gemini, LLC: Tuesday, Jan. 6 ",7 Book Signings • Classical Numismatic Group: Thesday & Wednesday, ,Jan, 6-7 • Baldwin'sfM&M Numismatics/Dmitry MarkovlFritz Rudolf Klinker: The New York Sale on Wednesday & TImrsday, Jan. 7-8 Ponterio & Associates: Friday & Saturday, Jan, 9-10 George Frederick Kolhe Numismatic Literature, Jan. 10 La Galcric Numismatiquc: Sunday, Jan. 11 Bourse Information: Kevin Foley - Convention Chairman P,O. Box 370650 Milwaukee, WI 53237 (414) 421-3484' Fax (414) 423-0343 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our website, www.llyillc.illfo.fora complete Schedule of Events, including auelion lot viewing, auction sessions, educational programs, and more.! September 2008 11 explanations. whi ch appear to be fan its li stings to other catalogs, and does R ~ th y and to Lajos Huszar's M anz· ciful, abound. The rave n was depict not indicate rarity or dates of issue, katalog Vngam, indicate s rarity (in ed on most of Matth ias' pre-Madon The most commonly used catalog ferentially, by reference to market na coins, and also on some coins of in Hungary is Emil Unger's Mag)'w' prices in 1996 Deutsch marks) and hi s fat her. EremhorarozQ (usuall y ci ted as £h). dates of issue. Its main drawbacks are Originally publishcd in 1958, a 1997 that it provides no information con The Four Catalogs edition (w ith catalog numbe rs that dif- cerning the mintmarks. and omits a few never-encoun tered va· T he most commo n ly rieties that are cataloged by used catalog in the Uni ted bOlh Relhy and Huszar. States is La szl6 Relhy's The most authoritati ve Cor/Jus NUlIIlIIOrtl1ll H UIl catalog for medieval Hun garitle (frequently cited as gar ian coins is Lajos CN H). Origi nal ly pub Huszar's M iinzkora/og UII li shed in Hun garian in two gilrll , and major aucti on vol umes in 1899 and 1907, houses and deal ers rarely a Ger mi.l ll translati on. by omit a reference to it in Gunther Pro bszt. was pub the ir attri b utions. Pub li shed as ,I single volume in li shed in 1979, it is out of I 95B.This transl.ll ion is oc a b print, and in the words of casion.lll y avai labl e, and an one dealer is "as far as [ can undated reprint of the two Figure 4- The obverses of (wo commoll Madolllla df!IWl's. te ll , completely un avail Hun garian vol um es , in a able."" It provides mint· si ngle vol ume, is frequent- marks (bul wi thout sub-cat ly avaihlble. Alt ho ug h tni.l ny o f fer slighl ly from Ihosc in the 1958 edi alog numbers for ease of re ference). Rel hy's :n tributions of other coins are tion. and other mino r ehangcs) is read i cross-refe rences its listings to Reth y outdated. it re m'lins as accurate as any ly ava ilable. It, too. is as acc urale as and to the 1959 edition of Unge r. and other fo r the Madonn;. denars, and its any o f thc other cala logs. although ind icates rari ty and dates of issue. Its line dra wings arc fai rly easy to use. there is no text to augment the clear main drawback is that the photographs Its principal dra wbacks are that the and easy 10 usc line drawi ngs. Unlike of the coins are extremely diffi cult to tex t docs not describe the legends on Rethy. it provides min tmarks (wi th see, fo rcing reliance upon the German the different types, it does nOI provide sub-catalog num bers for ease of refer text, and (in the case of the Madonna mint m3 rks. docs not cross-referencc ence), cross-references its lislings to denars) the text is no more accurate than the other catalogs. It also pro vides onl y general info rmation abou t mintmarks. As no ne of these catalogs adequate ly address the complexi ty of thi s coin age. the collector should ideal ly have access to ei ther Rethy or Unger (wh ich mirrors Rel hy's descriptions) as well as Huszar. Va rieties that arc described llan~ in Relhy or Unger are not described QCoins in Huszar, and vice ve rsa. Your Source for the Best in Ancient Coins. A full appreciation of thc Madon Over 25 years of experience in na de nars is impossibl e, however, su pplying exqu isite , sought-after, wi thout access to yet a fourth catalog, Anur Pohl's Miin zzeichen li nd Meis and rare ancient coins terze;chell, which was published in to discerning collectors 1982. is out of print. and is even more and dealers worldwide. diffi cult to obtain than is Huszar. Pohl www.parscoins.com pro vi des ph otographs of the coi ns inlo @parscoins.com (which mirror those in Huszar) and some German text, cross-references its P O. Box 9667 listings to Reth y and Huszar, and in San Jose, CA 95157 dicates rarit y (mirroring Huszar). Its Tel. : (408) 590.48 15 princ ipal drawback is that its photo Fax: (408) 867.0950 graphs are as difficul t to see as those in Huszar. but it s text descriptions are not as useful as those in Huszar, ma k ing it a poor choice of catalogs to usc as a stand-alone reference. This is of litt le moment; Pohl is unique in that its fo cus is on the mint marks (which 12 The Ce/ator Formerly available only to VCoins dealers, VAuctions now offers everyone opportunity to reach the most collectors in the world. Beginning September 2008, VAuctions, in partnership with Bany Murphy of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, will offer electronic auction services to all consignors. ¥~~~coins professionally catalogued and photographed than 15,000 registered VCoi ns customers fees payout September 2008 13 are all given sub-catalog numbers fo r Lorraine, husband of Maria Theresa. 4 This study has been somewhat hap-. ease of reference). These are identi J This translation, and all others in hazard. It consist of coins within the au fied by mint. moneyer and years of this article, are the author's. Almost thor's collection, and of images down issue. This and earlier works by Artur all of the numismatic works cited are loaded from eBay. from European clones Pohl (superceded by his Miinzzeichcll in German, Hungarian or both. The of e8ay, and from the online catalogs of und Meisterzeichcll) appear to be the parts that appear to be the most infor dealers at various times, etc., as the au only sources of thi s fascinating infor mative were translated with the assis thor's energy for the project waxed and mation. tance of free on-line computer trans waned. In addition, the descriptions lators and dictionaries. This is a pains wit hin the collection of the American Endnotes takingly slow process. an d fraugh t. Numismatic Society, which are accessi , Madonna denars continued to ble on its online database (hnp:!! be st ru ck as copper coins by Mar pu bI icserver. n u m is mat ic s .orglco l ia Theresa until 1767. This is well lection!accnum/list) , have been ut i beyond the end of the medieval lized. Naturally, the import of coins period, which hi storians view as and descriptions that appear LO be ending in Hungary in 1526, upon aberralll has been discounted. the disintegration of the Kingdom I Mallhias' fami ly rose to of Hungary, wh ich fol lowed the prominence during this civil war. annihilation of it s forces by the Hi s father, Janos Hunyadi, was the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Mo son of an obscure Wallachian, who hacs and death of Louis II (15 16- in [409 had been granted the es Figure 5- Enlargements of: a. Bohemian lion (with 1526) during his flight from the tate of Hunyadvar (now Hunado bal1ieground. Numismatists gener out crown); and b, Lion of Beszterce or Hunyadi era, Romania- hence the fam il y lion (with crown), from the lower right field of the ally extend the medieval period surname) for h is service to shield on the obverse. through the coinage of John Sza Si gismund of Luxemburg (1387- polyai ( 1526- 1540), a "national" 14 37). Hunyadi became voivode king albeit puppet of the Turks, but not with opportunities for mistranslation. (provincial governor) of Transylvania through the coinage of his Habsburg The author's appreciation of the and ispdn (magistrate) of several coun riv al for thc thronc, Fcrdinand I (1 526- sources is undoubtedly somewhat su ties under Wladislaus I, who he sup 1564), of Austria. perficial. and it is hoped Ihaltheir es ported in the civil war. After Wladis 2 One undated copper Mado nna de sentials have been accurately gleaned laus died lighting the Onoman Turks nar was iss ued by Franci s Stephen of and tran smitted. at the Banle of Varna in 1444, Hunya di was elected governor of Hungary (1446- 1453) for Ladisl au s V's minor ity, a title that he renounced in 1453 in exchange for, among other things, the Transylvanian district of Beszterce (now within the county of Beszterce Na$z6d, Romania) and the aristocratic ~cbicbal title of Count of BesZlerce in Perpetu ity (the first hereditary title to ever be granted in Hungary) . Gi ven the title C/rristiwwe fidei defensor (Defender of Christiandom) by Pope Calix tus Ill, ~tlbtr 10 this day church bells ring at noon throughout Europe in celebration of Hunyadi 's resounding victory over the Turks in 1456 at the Battle of Belgrade. Hunyadi di ed of the plague j ust weeks $9 after that banlc. Ladislaus V soon tried 10 force 16- Curious about medieval as a natural complement to your ancient year-old Matthias and his 23-year-old collection, but don't want to invest much unti l you know you like brother, Laszlo Hunyadi, to abandon it? Then start small and painless. For every $9 you send, I' ll send many of the castles their father had acquired under W[adislaus l. In the you a different medieval coin.,,$l8 for 2 different, $36 for 4 conflict that ensued, Ladi slaus had different, $90 for 10 different, etc. With 12 different, get 14 The Gelator NUMISMATIST WANTED The World's Largest and Most Advanced Numismatic Auction Firm Seeks Ancient Coin Expert Heritage Auction Galleries is seeking a talented numismatist with broad ex pertise in ancient coins to join our award-winning headqua rters staff in Dallas, Texas. We wanl a professional w it h the drive and ambition 10 make Heritage a world leader in the ancient coins category. equivalent to our current standing in U.S. and world coins and currency. Heritage maintains buying offi ces throughout Europe. and buys and sells over $400 million in rare coins annuall y. If you love ancient coi ns and have exceptional wriling skills, there is no limit to the growth potential of this positio n. You can work with the most successful team of numismatists in the world. Duties will include evaluating potential consignments, working with both collectors and dealers; cataloging of ancients and supervision of photography; assisting consignors in person and by telephone, both in Dallas and elsewhere; and developing marketing concepts for extending our client reach. Must be willing to travel to coin shows. Excellent benefits and work environment. Salary will be commensurate with numismatic skills and experience. Please contact Paul Minshull at [email protected]. The World's #1 Numismatic Auctioneer HERITAGE cAuctimz, (JalkriR& Annual Sales Exceeding $600 Million. 375,000+ Online Registered Bidder-Members 800-872-6467' or visit HA.com 3500 Map le Ave nue, 17th Fl oo r ' Dallas, Texa s 752 19-3941 214 -528 -3500 ' FAX: 214-409-1425 ' e-mail : Co nsign@HA .co m USA ' GE RMAN Y ' FRANCE' NETHER LANDS , SW ITZERLAN D To receive a complimenta ry lxxJk or catalog of your choice, register online 152 46 al HA. comlCEL1 524(' or cal l 8(,(,·835·3243 and ment ion refere llce ~ Ce I 1 52 46. September 2008 15 istic candidate for the throne. On Jan the crown from Frederick, albeit for a roo\. One of his few reform s that out uary 24. 1458. wh ile the greater no ransom and significant concessions. He lasted his kingship was his overhaul bility were still debating, Matthias' was crowned six years after being pro of the justice system, which earned uncle and leader of the Hunyadi fac claimed king, on March 29, 1464. him the sobriquet "Matthias the Just," tion, Mihaly Szilagyi. lead a force of Matthias ascended to the throne of and gave rise to a folktale of a king fifteen thousand lesser nobility onto a country scarred by decades of cha who traveled in disguise among the the ice in the middle of the frOi'.en os. Turks occupied the buffer stales of popUlation to root out and punish Danube. and proclaimed Matthias Scrbia, Bosnia, Hercegovina and wrongdoers. Hc was famous interna Hunyadi king of Hungary. At the same Wallachia (forcing Vlad Tcpes. popu tionally for his patronage of the arts. time. Szilagyi was appointed regent. larly known as Count Dracula. to flee and most notably his library. which The greater nobles had no choice but to Hungary, where he was imprisoned was surpasscd only by that of the Vat to acquiesce. by Matthias): Jan Jiskra, a Czech Hus· ican. Lorenzo de' Medici is reported Matthias was ransomed from his site warlord. who had supported Ladi to have commented, upon Matthias' Bohemian imprisonment, but could slaus V during the civ il war, remained death, that "books will be cheaper in no! be crowned. as the Crown of SI. in control of upper Hungary: bands of Europe." As with his centralizing ef Stephen remained in the control of roaming mercenaries plundered the forts. Matthias' attempt to introduce Frederick III of Austria. to whom it land; there was a power vacuum in Renaissance culture into Hungary did had been entrusted by supporters of Slavonia: and a rebellion in Transyl not take root. "It was the strange initia Ladis laus V during lhc c ivil war. vania. Matthias displayed a genius for tive of a strange personality," and his Mihaly SzilagYI assumed that he bOlh diplomacy and warfare. By 1467. Renaissance court was "a small island would be able to control his 17-year with Jiskra pacified, the southern bor within what was an ocean of a profound old nephew, and the anti -H unyad i der stabilized, the bands of mercenar ly alieo eulturc" (Engel. at p. 320). greater nobles assumed they wou ld ies exterminated, the Slavonian pow ) The Madonna design typc was not remain in positions of power, but the er vacuum tilled, and the Transylva limited to the denar, but extended to young king surprised everybody. He nian rebellion brutally suppressed. the aral1yforil1l, the garas and the obo· soon relieved Szilagyi of the regency, Matthias was able to turn to the reform IllS (with a value of one-half a denar). making an enemy of his most power of the coinage and othcr mattcrs. 8 Matthias' war against the Turks ful supporter. and removed the great " Matthias is credited with nascent was brgely a matter of propaganda: er nobles from their offices, precipi absolutist rule, but his control over the for much of his reign the southern bor tating a plot by them to install Freder institutions of government was based der was suspiciously calm. and it is ick as king of Hungary. Matthias not on the "personal abilities and aspira probable that between 1465 and 1473 only controlled Szilagyi and foiled the tions of a singularly gifted ruler" a series of secret peace treaties with nascent COIiP d'clat. but also recovered (Kontler, at p. 120) and did not take Sultan Mehmed 11 were in cffect. There wcre major Hun garo-Ottoman clashcs from 1474-1476 and 1479- 1481 Despite Mauhias' powerful mil Edward J. Waddell, Ltd. itary, Hungary was no match for the Ottoman Empire, and an aggressive foreign policy, without the active sup port of the other Christian powers, wou ld have been futile. Matlhias is credited with a strong defensive poli cy, which included the implementation of a series of border castles thai were held firmly againsl the Turks for sev eral decadcs after his death. ~ By the cnd of 1468. Matthias occu pied large tracks of the Czech lands. His success prompted the rulers of both Aus tria and Poland to ally themselves with George Podebrad against Matthias. Podebrad died in March 1471, and the Bohemian throne was inherited by Wladislaus Jagiello (later to become Wladislaus II. king of Hungary), the 15- year-old son of King Casimir IV of Po land, prompting Poland to take a more active role against Hungary. After sev eral years of inconclusive warfare, a treaty was signed in 1474. which was to expire in 1477. A final treaty was rati fied in 1479. undcr wh ich Matthias re tained possession of Moravia, Silesia P.O. Box 3759, Frederick, MD 21705 and Lusatia, Wladislaus retained posses- Phonc: 00 I) 473..5(,00 or (800) 381.(,39 16 The Celator NUMISMATIST WANTED The Worlds Largest and Most Advanced Numismatic Auction Firm Seeks Ancient Coin Expert Heritage Auction Galleries is seeking a talented numismatist with broad expertise in ancient coins to join our award-winning headquarters staff in Dallas, Texas. We want a professional with the drive and ambition to make Heritage a world leader ill the ancient coins category, equivalent to our current standing in U.S. and world coins and currency. Heritage maintains buying offices throughout Europe, and buys and sells over $400 million in rare coins annually. If you love ancient coins and have exceptional writing skills, there is no limit to the growth potential of this position. You can work with the most successful team of numismatists in the world. Duties will include evaluating potential consignments, working with both collectors and dealers; cataloging of ancients and supervision of photography; assisting consignors in person and by telephone, both in Dallas and elsewhere; and developing marketing concepts for extending our client reach . Must be willing to travel to coin shows. Excellent benefits and work environment. Salary will be commensurate with numismatic skills and experience. Please contact Paul Minshull at [email protected] for morc information. The World's #1 Numisma tic Auctioneer HERITAGE'· dlucti£m, (jallerie& Annual Sales Exceeding $600 Million. 375,000+ Online Registered Bidder-Members 800-872-6467' or visit HA.com 3500 Maple Avenue, 17th Floor' Dallas, Texas 75219-3941 214-528-3500 · FAX : 214-409-1425 · e-ma il: Consign@HA .com USA · GERMANY · FRANCE · NETHERLANDS· SWITZERLAND To receive a complimentary book or catalog of your choice, register online 15246 September 2008 17 sion of Bohemia proper, both were ellli Hu szar, Lajos. The Art of Coinage Relhy. Laszlo, Corpus Nummorum tied to use the til Ie King of Bohemia (b ut ill HUI/ gary, Budapest. 1963 . Translat Hungariae II, Budapest, 1907. [In while Matthias was obligated to refer to ed by Susanna Horn . Hungarian.] Wladislaus by this title , Wladislaus was Hu szar, Lajos, A Blldai pcnzvcres Rcthy, Ladislaus, Corpus Num not obliged to refer \() Matthias as such), t(}rtenete a kiizepkorban, Budapest, mOrl/m HIIIlf:ariae, Graz, 1958 (two and Wlad is laus was ellli!led 10 redeem 195 8. LThe Coinage oj Bllda ill the volumes in one). Translated from the Czech lands occupied by Mallhias Middle Ages. In Hungarian, wi th a Hungarian in to German by Gunther after Matthias' death. summary in German.] Probszt. 10 The Bohemian lion also appeared Huszar, Lajos, Miinzkuta/oM Un Sisa, Stephen, The Spirit of HUI/ on some pre-Madonna coins of Mat gal'll. VOII 1000 bis liellfe, Munich. f:ary: A Pallorama of HUI1f:arian His th ias. which were issucd before he ini 1979. [Coill Cora log liullgary. frolll tory (I/ld Cultllre , Morristown, New tiated his campaign to conquer Bohe jOOO {() Toda)'.1 Jersey: Vista Books. 3' ~ ed. 1990. mi a. The reason for its appearance on Kontler, Laszl6, A History of Hlln Corvi nu s Library Hungarian History, these earlier denars is unclear, and any gary, New York: Palgravc MacMill December I. 2007 For fun her informat ion order Olll' catljogues or visit our web ~itc terests ebb and now into disparate ar www.(X.lIs-m uen z<:.n .de eas of collecting, yet medieval Hun garian coins remain his primary con centration. This three-pari article is hi s firs! numismatic paper. He can be con tacted at [email protected]. !!i1 Don't miss a single issue of o le B USSO I'EUS .\JACHF / BORN WI ESE NWFG 34 The Celator. 0-603 22 F1I ,\NKFU R'] AM ~IA1 N / TEL. +49 (6<) ) -') 5') 66 20 FAX +49(69) - 5559 95 / WWW,PEUS -M]jENZEl".DE Renew today! 18 The Gelator L..-...I~'~~~ 'IB-a- r-t-Lc-'-V-iS' 1 LO~!?~LES . ~::::::::::::~~:; . -----...,...- . September 2008 19 A Cosmic Journey on a Roman Coin his worship in the forum in Rome, hut by Robert S. McIvor it was Caligula who actually dedicat ed the temple when he succeeded Tiberius in 37 AD. A coin of Caligu This article focuses on a series of la, struck at Rome, marks the event special coins that were produced at and the coin is inscribed to Di va Crete 10 celebrate Ihe divine Augus AVG . the divine Augustus (Coin I ). tus, and the title is an attempt to con Caligu la was a staunch promoter of vey the message in the numi smatic the imperial cult. In fact. he went one artwork. This belief in an afterlife is step further and considered himself Coin 2- Crete: Divus Augustus on re nOI an isolated case, and I have ex divine whi le he was still alive, where verse on wagon pulled by four el panded the investigation across sev as most emperors retained sufficient ephants, surrounded by seven stars. eral cultures. modesty and sanity to acknowledge From Roman Provincial Coins, #963, thei r humanity during their li fe time. Burnett Amandry & Ripol/es, 1992. Divine Augustus Coins or Crete Beginning with Caligula, a mint on the island of Crete produced three dif wagon drawn by four elephants. each Augustus was born in 63 Be and ferent types of coins inscribed in wi th its mahout-rider, surrounded by died in August of 14 AD at the age of Greek to the Divine Augustus. The seven stars. A different reverse (Coin 76. Within a month of his death, the minl was probably Gortyna on the 3 on page 22) has the statue of Div us senate enrolled him as a god in Lh e south coast of the island. The obvers Augustus seated on a chair with his feet Roman pantheon and he was subse- es on all three coins display a similar on a stool, encircled by seven stars. 4ucnlly known as Divus Augustus, the portrait of Caligula but the reverses The third rcverse (Coin 4 on page 22) divine AuguslUs. Hi s stepson and suc arc different. One reverse (Coin 2) has displays thc radiate head of Di vus Au cessor, Ti berius, erected a temple for the statue of Di vus AugUSTUS on a gustus surrounded by seven stars. Whcn Claudius succeeded Caligula, the obverse on these coins changed to show the new emperor, but the same three re verse types were continued throughout his reign also. These coins were pro duced between 37 AD and 54 AD. To research the background for the artwork on these reverses, we should keep several lhings in mind. First, the coins portray Augustus after his death; second. he is associated with scven stars; and third, the coins were pro duced on Crete. What do the stars on these coins mean and why were they minted on Crete? Coin 1-Caligula dedicating the temple to Divo Aug(ustus). Photo courtesy of CNG, Triton X, January 8, 2007, lot 573. Greek Mythology Greek civilization began on the is land of Crete in the second millenni um Bc' and from Ihere it spread to the Greck main land and to various islands throughout the Mediterranean as well as the coast of Asia Minor. The Grecob we re very interested in the heavens and they told stories of how the stars o ri g catalogue 011 request inated and how they came to form reC KIRK DAVI S ognizable patterns. One story, pre served by Aratos in hi s poem Phenom Classical Numismatics ena. told how Zeus vis ited the island of Crete and two nurses cared for him Post Office Box 324, Claremont, CA 9171 I during his stay. Their names were He- Tel: (909) 625-5426 [email protected] 20 The Celator G. HIRSCH OF MUNICH ANNOUNCES /~ IMPORTANT PUBLIC AUCTIONS ,~> OF ANCIENT AND FOREIGN COINS; . ANTIQUITIES & PRECOLUMBIAN ART AUCTION Nos. 257/258 September 23'd_27th, 2008 Catalog lied lind sold by Ir------~ Miinzcnhandlung I I Gerhard Hirsch N~ l c h f. I Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger Prurnelladeillatz 10, D-80333 Miinchen, Germany Promcnadcplalz 10 I Enclosed please find $30.00 for your I D-80333 MUnchcn, Germany I Auction Sale Catalogue aoo Prices Realired (after sale). I TeL +49 (089) 2921 50 I Name I Fax: +49 (089) 2283675 I Street I E-mail: coinhi [email protected] Internet: www.coinhirsch.de I ~ - - I ~------~ September 2008 21 lice and Cynosure. He rewarded them Creator assigned I3l:lck God to place for their service by raising them to heav the stars in the sky in patterns. Black en as Ursa Major (the Great Bear) and God carried the stars in a pouch and Ursn Minor (the Little Bear). They bc positioned each one carefull y in the ClUn e what we call the Big Dipper and sky. But when he sto pped to rest. Coy the Little Dipper (Figure I). These two ole the Trick~"e r slOle his pouch and star groups arc visible night after ni gh t st:altered the remaining stars across in the northern skies. the sky al random. That is wh y some Many cultures had simi lar stories. stars form patterns and others do not. Coin 3-Crete: Divus Augustus on re The Navajo Indian tribe told how the This is mythology. Mythology offers verse seated, surrounded by seven a story to ex plain a mystery. for ex stars. Photo courtesy of The New York ample. how the world was formed or Sale V. January 16, 2003, lot 178. how fire origin ated. Mythology cre ated or helped to create a view of the L~ ;/.\ ( world in ancient civilizations through mans saw the Pleiades star cluster as a stories that were easily understood. The group of goats or kids. and they pic Greek story explained why the stars in tured the Hyades star cluster as a pig the most northern constellations form pen! The seven brightest stars in Ursa clearly recogni zable pallerns. The Ro Major (the Great Bear) form our Bi g mans adopted th is mythology. Dipper. but to the ancient Romans thi s st:lr arra ngement was seen as a pl ough Seplell 'thol/ es , with seven plough oxen. The word sep Seven Plough Oxen lell or selJlem in Latin means seven, and IriOlles refers to plough oxen. In Pl iny the Elder died d uring the England and a few other European coun volcani c eruption of Vesuvi us in 79 tries, the Big Dipper is still viewed as a Figure 1- The Big Dipper in AD. He had completed his encyclo Ursa Major ;s the best-known plough. Among the Romans, the Seven star group. It consists of three pedia some years before his death, and Plough Oxen originally referred to the it has preserved several constellations stars in the handle and four in seven stars of the Big Dipper but in time the bowl. The two end stars are that were di stincti ve ly Roman and it was used for both Dippers. called "pointers," for they point harked back to early limes when agri We have establi shed two facts. Our to the pole star, Polaris, in the cu lt ure waS the mainstay of the Ro Bi g Dipper was called Seven Plough Little Dipper. man economy. For example. the Ro- Oxen among the Romans, :lnd they bclicved Zeus formed the figure when he rewarded Helice with immortality for her service. Coin 4-Crete: Portrait of Divus Augus tus surrounded by seven stars. Photo courtesy of Numismatica Ars Classica, Auction 39, May 16, 2007, lot 100. Coins With Seven Sta rs 46, rue Vivienne Emperor Domitian and his wife, 75002 PARIS Domitia, had a marriage that spanned 33(0)1 42.33.25. 99 two decndes in the late first century. b . rr She gave birth to a daughter in 82. She had a son the fo llowing year but mi s fo rt une struck and he died when he was onl y a few months old. The parent s were heartbroken. From what we know of him from historians and especi September 2008 23 person, but it is hard not to feel em 7). Diva Paulina appears on the ob pathy with him in hi s sorrow. He had verse, and seven stars and .. lun ar hoped his son would succeed him to crescent appear on the reverse, the pu rple. He struck a denarius to A denarius of circa 76 BC (Coin commemorale the loss (Coin 5), The 8) was strud: 10 commemora te the portrait and name of Domitia ap death of L. Lucretius Trio. He was pe,lT s on the obverse. The inscrip a prominent Roman citize n wh o ti on on the reverse reads, DIVVS se rv ed ror one term as consul in the CA ESAR IMP DOMITIAN[ ci ty of Rom e. His rad iate head ap F(lUVS) , or "the divin e Caesar, so n pears on the obverse, and the re of emperor Domitian"· The image ve rse has seven stars and a crescent Coin 6-Diva Faustina, died 14 1 AD. Reverse on [he reverse shows a litt le boy moon along with hi s name. shows seven stars and lunar crescent. Photo cour with hi s anns raised, and he is seat This list does not include all tesy of eNG, Auction 63, May 21,2003, lot 1369. ed above the earth surrounded by coins with seven stars, but a suffi seven Slars. The nurnberof stars :lI1d cient number have been illustra ted their local ion in Ihe northernmost sky A bronze as of Antoni nus Pius was to show how each eoin commemorat identifi es them as th e Seven Plough struck in the last decade of hi s reign ed 11 deat h and the deceased was asso Oxen, ou r Big Di pper. between 147 and 157 AD to com ciated with seven stars. The coin fo r memorate (h e death of hi s wife in 14 1 AD (Coin 6). Diva Faustina, the divin e Faustina, appears on the obverse and seven stars and a cres cenl moon appear on the re verse. The lunar symbolism may refer to the fact that the moon is renewed or reborn every 29 or 30 days and in volves the symboli sm of rene w al or re bi rth or rege nerati on. Coin 5-Domitia on obverse. Th e reverse A provi nciu l co in or Cilicia was Coin 7- Cilicia, Anazarbus: Diva Paulina, shows her dead son seated above th e earth struck during th e reign of Maxi died 2 34 AD? Reverse shows seven stars surrounded by seven stars. Photo courtesy minus I (235-238 AD) to com and lunar crescent. Photo courtesy of CNG, of eNG, Triton VI, January 14, 2003, lot 853. memorate hi s wi fe's de:!th (Coin Triton VII, January 12, 2004, lot 759 Domi ti:m's boy is part icularl y impor ta nt , because il resolves any ambigu ity ubou t the sky location of the sta rs. They are the Seven Plough Oxen, our Big Dipper, although it must be conced ed th:!1 the arti sts exercised some free dom when dcpieting the arrangement. We can now put our pieces toge th er and offer an explanation for all these coins. [n mythol ogy, Zeus madc Heli IMPORTANT ANCIENT COINS ce immortal as a reward for her se r vice by changing her into the seven NUMISMATIC BOOKS brightest stars in Ursa Major. The in di vidu:!ls commemorated on these spe London, 25 September 2008 cial coins had served in a public c .. We are currently accepting material for the official COINEX 2008 auction of ancient coins. If you're thinking of selling, whether it be your collecti on or so me duplicates, please contact our consultant Italo Vecchi today on 44 20 7016 1822, o r at ivecchi @mac.com DIX NOONAN WEBB 16 Bo lton Street Pi ccadilly London W 1J 8BQ Engla nd Coin 8- Radiate head of L Lucretius Trio, Reverse has seven stars and Telephone 44 20 70 16 1700 Fax 44 20 701 6 179 9 lunar crescent. Photo courtesy of E-mail coins@ dnw.co.uk Gorny & Mosch Giessener Auction 156, March 5, 2007, lot 1880. 24 The Celator LHS Numism.,ics LId In GI".,,, 20 True Values ofHisto 8001 Lurieh. Swine,I.".! • Auctio ns in Swi tze rland Phone .41 44 217 42 42 nx .4144217 4243 • Purchases and Sa les info@lH$-numi,m.,ik,oom • Expcrrises and Valuations Vffi'W. LHS-numisma'ik.cum • The Development and Care of Collections 1'"".1 .dd"",,: LHS Numism.,ic 1. •.1 • Financial Services 1'.0.00. • Num ismatic Reference Library CH-8022 Zurich • Special Areas: Coins of the A nciCIH Classical Wo rld Medieval and Modern Coins LHS Numismatics Visit us III the www.freemanandsear.com ANA WORLD'S Unsurpassed expertise and experience in the field of classical coins. We offer... FAIR 01 MONEY .. A large inventory of quality Greek, Roma n, Byzantine and Biblical coins at tht Baltimore in all price ranges. Convt'ntioll Cen ter, .. Among the finest Fixed Price Lists and Mail Bid Sales in the field, ava il able July 30 to August 3 in print and downloadable fonn. TABLE 950 .. Personalized senice in start ing, building and liquidating collections. See YO" there! ,. Auction rep rese ntation and consultation at all major sales the world over. Freem,., & Sear I P.O. Box 64 1352 I Los ru;I:~~~c~a~~!; :f:o ~m~;:a:;90064::;-r'6>;3,':-~2 310/450-9);; ,All; 310/4;0-886; " September 2008 25 pacity. and it was believed or hoped me tell you why I think it belongs in gave him in these words: On the very that Zeus would reward them by trans th is group. days of my Games a cOlllel was visi lating them to heaven among the con ble for seven days in the northern part stellations. Dornitian's boy had no The Comet orThc Divine Julius of the sky. It was rising about an hour opportunity to serve in any position. before sunset. and was a bright star. but perhaps it was bel ieved that he The most fa mous comet in the past visible rrom a ll lands. The common would be re warded fo r hi s relationship was the one that appeared shortly af people believed that thi s star signiried 10 the emperor. It is possible the Ro ter Juliu s Caesar was murdered on the soul of Caesar received among the man heaven was big enough to em March 15 in 44 Be. Cornets were fear spirits of the immortal gods. and on thi s brace a little boy who never grew to fu l spectacles and usually associatcd account the emblem of a star was added manhood. but on the other hand , it is with the deaths of prominent people. to the bust of Caesar that we shortl y af also apparent that the Roman heaven Suetonius referred to 3 comet as " 3 terwards dedicaled in the forum." was not open to the poor or the en hairy star" because of its ta il. and said Go back! Read again where the slaved. it "was commonly thought to portend comet appeared. It appeared in the I have shown a number of coins death and destruction 10 the highest "northern part of the s ky." The origi with seven stars. but there is another powers." For example, a comet in 12 nal texfin Latin reads ill regiolle caeli coin that belongs to th is list. although BC was connected with the death of qllae slIb"seplel1lriollibIlS, which liter it does not explicitly show seven stars. Marcus Agrippa. the Roman general, ally me:ms .. in the region of the sky It is inscribed to the divine Julius. Let and a cornet in 54 AD was associated under the Seven Plough Oxen." It is with the death of Claudius. not always clear whether seplen tri If cornel appearances were dread Ol1e .f refers specifically to the Big Dip ed. how corne Pliny the Eldercan wri te per or to the northern sky in general, that Au gustus celebrated Ihis particu but I think this te)(t is best translated lar comet appearance with joy. Augus as the Bi g Dipper bccause it helps ex tus commemorated the event with a plain why the comet aftcr his death coin that di spla ys the comet with a was assoc iated with Julius Caesar. blazing tai l and the Latin inscription, This cornet mu st have appeared in DIVVS IVLl VS. "the di vi ne Jul ius" Ursa Major on one or more oflhe sev Coin 9- Reverse shows comet with (Coin 9). Let me quote from Pliny the en days it was observed. I am not alone blazing tail, inscribed Oivus Julius, Elder in the translation by H. Rackharn in this notion, because Hasegawa, an Photo courtesy of CNG, Triton XI, Janu of C Global Context To get a broader perspective on this subject of th e afterlife, we need to view this belief in a global eonte)(t by considering ev idence from Egypt, China , Mexico and Aust ralia. It will be noticed how the mythology of each culture became the basis ror belier in an afterlife. Notice also how it seems the afterlire is expected in the heav ens. Does the soul maintain conscious ness after death or does it sleep? Does Visit our website www.astartesa.com the soul journey into the heavens or is the journey inward or symbolic? The purpose of th is article is not to offer an answer to these questions but to focus on a series of unusual coins, and AST~ ..TE the following venture inlO other c ul Astarte SA " Via Can ton ale, l/a • CH·6900 lugano Swiuerl and tures is to demonstrate that the belief Phone .41 9t 9233640· Fax .4t 9t 92327t8· [email protected] in an afterlife is wi despread. 26 The Cela tor i II! • • Always Interested In Purchasing Collections of Any Size J• P.O. Box 7822 Numismatist Dales. TX 75209 • 214-725-4300 214-890-7809 (Fax) WWW.GLENNWOODS.COM QIennOgIennwooda.axn September 2008 27 EgYJ)t, 2600 BC the pyramid although not hi ng whatso corridor point ed toward th e mi dd le ever o f hi s body has survived. The star in the row of three stars th at form The Grcat Pyram id rises to a height staggering dimensions of thi s pyr:tmid the be lt in the constellation of Orion of more th3n 450 feet and dominatcs have inspired hundreds of books and (Figure 2). the landscape at Giza just south o f theories, but one stands out from all The relevance of this becomes clear Cairo in Egy pt. It is the largest of the the rest. Inside the pyramid a corridor when we consider Egyptian myt holo pyramids. and was built around 2600 ascends at a steep ang le from the gy. Osi ri s was the god of light. and he BC with over two mil lion blocks of King's chamber where the nncient ru l was ki lled and dismembered by the stone ••ve r.lging two to three tons in er had been lai d to rest. Archaeolo god o f darkness-Set h. The god Isis weight. Khu fu of the Fourt h Dynasty, gists and astronomers have dr3wn 31- searched for hi s body parts and re-as known to the Greeks as Chcops, was te ntion to the alignment of th is corri sembled them and brought him back interred in Ihe King's chamber within dor. At the lime of construction, thi s 10 life as Orion in the sky. The Egyp ti an Book of the Dead explicitly iden tifies Osiris as Orion. The corridor in the Great Pyramid directs the pha raoh's soul toward the cent ral stars in Orion to be re-born in the night sky. This explanation is very plausible, because it fits the mythology and as Orion tronomy of ancient Egypt. The Egyp tians beli eved that the soul orthe pha ,~ raoh would make its ascent from the I ___~ I, R igcJ ~ pyra mid \0 the stars in the heavens. China, 168 Be In 1974, Nmiollu/ Geographic car ried an article entitled "Spectacular Treasures from a Chinese Tomb." Two Figure 2-ln the Great Pyramid, a corridor ascends from the King's years carlier, archaeologists had un chamber and pointed toward the belt stars in Orion when the struc covered several ancient tombs at ture was erected. Mawangdu i in China. The tombs date back some 2. 100 years. and one tomb conta ined the remains o f a lady o f wealth from the time of the Han dy Are you interested in nasty. The exhumed body was ex am ined and x-rayed, and confirmed 10 be CHOICE WORLD COINS? that of a woman about 50 years old who had been overweight and had suf You should be receiving our publications fered from a chronic heart condition . Doctors suggested she wa lked with FOUR AUCTION great di fficuity. Statuettes of servants, CATALOGUES ANNUALLY mi niature musicians and instruments were buried with her to serve her in the afterli fe. Featuring RARE and CHOICE gold and si lve r coins of Chi ef amon g the tomb's treas ures the world as well as ancient coinage and world paper was a huge si lk banner ablaze with money. A sample catalogue is $30.00 postpaid. An annual color and measuring some four feet in width and seven feet in le ngth (see subscription is also available. Th e cost is $100 wi thin the Figure 3 on page 30). A lady is paint U.S. and $120 outside th e U.S. ed on the banner (with Ih ree servants behind her). and she is stooped over Visit Ollr web site at: and uses a cane and it seems likely that www.ponterio.com she is the same lady interred in the tomb. The banner has unambiguous as Ponterio & Associates, Inc. tro nomical associations for al the top it depi cts the sun (with a bird in front 1618 Robinson Ave. of it) and the moon (with a toad near San Diego, CA 92103 by). and immediately below these 1-800-854-2888 or 619-299-0400 sy mbols a woman n ies into the heav Fax 619-299-6952 ens on th e wings of a dragon. She has E-mail: cOins @ponterio.com been identified as Ch 'ang 0 , who was a woman in Chinese mythology who P.N.G. #308 Licensed AIIC/ioll Compa/lY #968 stole the eli xir of immortal ity and Richard H. Ponterio - President 28 The Celator WWW.S-A.AT E-AUCTION E-AUCTIONS TAKE PLACE 12 TIMES PER YEAR. E-SHOP You sell directly to the buyer! You buy directly from the seller! ANCIENT COINS MEDIEVAL COINS WORLD COINS ANCIENT ART LITERATURE j2l rtemides. ~{,'__ j2lste ______AUCTION XXII 11th October 2008 Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Medieval and World Coins All sessions will be LIVE online on: If&; ell 'i?'- icollectOl:com ~, ~ f!ilt';~i~D' :I "V:.~ ").}/ t\. 'c?:l t~~ www.DeaMoneta.com www.artemideaste.com September 2008 29 ascended to the sky. The banner is cov out of context. The man wears no spe ered with animals that guard the way to cial clothing such as a space sui l or heaven. Some may be constellation fig space helmet. Hc is clolhed in a sim ures. The banner depicts the dead lady ple tunic that is appropriate for intern as she ascends to the celestial paradise. ment but totally inappropriate for space travel. The reality is that thi s stone was Mexico, 683 AD a sarcophagus placed over the grave of an ancient ruler who was expected to In 1949, archaeologists in Palenque travel to the sky after his death. In the jungles of southern Mex ico The small rectangles surrounding found the burial chamber of a Mayan the lid are called "sky bands," for in a ruler beneath one of its pyramids. He sense they depict a lillIe picce of the was identified from inscript ions as the sky. One depicts the sun, an other the ancient ruler, Lord Paeal, and he is lunar crescent, and another the planet known 10 have died in 683 AD. Above Venus. Olhers arc sky-related and may his grave lay a massive stone sarcoph involve Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn or agus weighing several tons, and on its constellations. The man on the stone facc was carved the ligure of a man sur is Lord Pacal himself, and he is on a rounded with hieroglyphs that relate to sky journey. Above him is a world tree the sky (see Figu re 4 on page 34). that re presents (he Milky Way, and the In the 1970s, Erich von Daniken bird on the top is not a hood ornament claimed in his book Chariots of the on a spacecraft but a constellation fig Gods that the man carved on the stone ure. Pacal is shown falling into the was an astronaut in an early Mayan Milky Way, which the Maya called xi space program! He suggested that the balba be or "'the road to the underworld." man's foot seems to hover over an ac Maya-specialist Michael Coe tells us ··il celerator, and both his hands are busy is quite probable that (he Maya, like adjusting dials on the instrument pan many other American Indians, thought el. Such delightful twaddle can be of the Milky Way as the road of the souls imagined only when the stone is ripped journeying to that rcgion." EUROPEAN & WORLDWIDE Figure 3- This is the outline of a silk fu nerary banner that shows the expect COIN CONVENTION ed sky journey of a deceased Chinese lady of the Han Dynasty: ~lij]]~~curu® Australia, in the Dream Time The prospects of fin ding hard evi '\'\ \0 '\2., dence from long ago for Aboriginal belief in the afterlife seems ever so remote in the hot desert landscape of oc;\008 cenlfal or northern Australia. No ar chaeologist has discovered ancient ruins or manuscripts from the distant 2alnternational past, and there are no epitaphs on an Bank notes', Stocks' and cient graves. Yet Aborigines perform mourning ceremonies for anyone who Bonds' Bourse has died, and those ri tuals may well go back thousands of years. Fair-Center Berlin Aborigines started thei r day before near Rad io Tower (Funkturm) sunrise to go hunting so they often ob served Venus as the Morning Star. The planet is an impressive sight when it Hall 26 precedes the sun at dawn for it out 2,800 sq.tt., about 500 tab les and severat booths. Organizer: Miinzen Modes sh ines all other planets and stars. Ac 200 numismat ic dealers from al lover the wo rld Aeichenbachstr. 17, 0-80469 Miinchen cording to a recent article on Austra Saturday: 9:30 am - 5:00 pm Tel. +49 (0)89 . 26 83 59 lian mythology by Roslynn Haynes, Sunday: 9:30 am - 4:00 pm Fax +49 (0)89 - 260 90 60 the people of Arnheim Land believe En!r.: Sat. 6.00 - Sun. 3.00 € Internet: www.numismata.de cominued 011 page 34 . 30 The Gelator • • www.tnUmts.com iNumis7 Coming soon: Qctt),ber U)~ 2Qo3 • Ptiblic. Auc.ti('}!n : -_-...... ,-- Tres(i)r d'f! Lu~a,ncy 183 OJrolingilms denlIrius with an obol of Pipinnus II from Cahors (2' known) David F. Fanning Numismatic Literature We will be conducting our first mail~bid S<'lie, dosing on October 28 . The sale includes a wide va riety of material on ancient, medieval, foreign and U.S. numismatics, with many rare and important works. Selected highlights include: • The 1579 first edition of Occo's /1II1'emIDrlllII rOrlumorum • A 1701 translation of Marti al with 23 plates of coins • Godonnesche on the medals of Louis XV (1736) • Mechcl on Hedlinger's medals (1776-1778) • The rare 1867 original printing of Sal inas on Sicily • European sales catalogues from Born & Zoon, Cahn, Florangc & Ciani, Glendining's, Hamburger, Hel bing, Hess, Hirsch (including Ars Classica), Provadalieff, M. and R. Ratto, Riechmann, Rosenberg, Sambon, Santamaria, Sothcby's, Vries, Zschiesche & KOder, and others • A bound volume of1882-1910 J. Schulman sales LOUIS XIV· t:: T LOUIS xv. • Bernhard's 1926 work on lllcdi ci na in nummis A printed catalogue will be issued and copies will be sent to established customers and to those requesting a copy. International bidders are welcome: the auction includes works in a dozen languages and we are pleased to conduct bu siness with overseas custome rs. For more information, please contact David Fanning at [email protected] or see the company's Web site: www.fanningbooks.com PO Box 132422, Columbus, OH 43213 · Member ANA, ANS, etc. September 2008 31 . VACC Announces Winners of the Gordon J. Dickie Memorial Ancient History Award VANCOUVER, BC-T he Vancou- ----, ver Ancient Coin Club (VACC) held the second annual Ancient History Award for middle school students, in honor of the late Gordon J. Dickie, lo ngtime collector, dealer and mem ber of t he Vancouver and Seattle area ancient coin clubs. The three winning students, Carol Lee of Vancouver, Be, and Tyler Dyck and Blake Peel ing of Chilliwack, Be each received a VF denarius of the Severan period, along wi th copies of the Handbook of Ancient Greek and Roman Coins by Zander Klawans, and a copy of The Gelator. Carol Lee, center, receives the VF denarius Gordon gave his time and know l of Geta, On Carol's left is her teacher, John edge freely to all, and VACC members Tso, who also received the book, What life Tyler Dyck, second from the left, and hope that this annual award may ex was li ke when Rome ruled the world. VACC Blake Peeling, second from the right, tend his legacy by introducing new col member Bekircan Tahberer, on the right, pre are presented with their VF denarii of lectors to the study of ancient coins and sented the award to Carol. Photo courtesy Septimius Severus and Julia Domna. the history they repre sent. of Linda Walsh . Their teacher, Darren Williamson on the right, also received the book, What life was like at the dawn of Democra cy. VACC member Bill Hayes, on the left, presented the awards. Photo tJrofiles in courtesy of Bill Hayes. ~ umismatics Edward GaDS 1887-1991 Born into a cul tured Jewish fam ily. Edward Gans grew up in Hamburg, Germany. He served as an apprenti ce at age 19 in a stoc k and bond company in Berlin. It was in the German capilOllhat he was introduced to art conecting through his first wife's work in the Glenk Shop, on the Linden Strasse. Gans worked as a banker in Berlin Photo of Gordon Dickie, courte fro m 191 R to 1925. where his wJlecting interests broadened to coins and antiqui sy of Richard Pincock. ties. During th e early years orthe Naz.i regime. he worked in the Reichsbank. and he escaped from Nazi Germany in 1938 by immigrating to America. He set up an Send your society news or ancient win dealership in New York City under the name- N umismatic Fine Arts personal annoullcements to (NUFINA). In 1951, he moved 10 Berkeley, California where he continued to operate his dealership in coins, and developed an interest in collecting ancient seals. After seE ing the coin business, Gans continued to work closely with the The Department of Near Eastern Studies 32 The Gelator Britain, 5 Pou nds of 1893, 5-1893, Extremely Fine, est. $1 ,000- $1,500; lot #1073, Great Bri tain, 5 Pounds of 1902, 5-3965, Malle Proof, est. $1,200- $1,600; Great Brit ain, 5 Pounds of 1937, S-4074, Bril liant Proof, est. Lot 705 from Ponterio Auction #147 is this Russian Silver $1,200-$1,600; lot Ruble of Czar Peter I, 1689-1725, Davenport-1655. It grades #1134, Iran, Pahl Almost Uncirculated, with a slightly weak strike on the ea avi of SH1331 gle's breast. The pre-sale estimate is $3,500-$5,000. (1952), KM-1162, leG MS-64, est. $2,000-$2,500; lot #1157, Italy, 50 Lire $3,500-$4,500; lot #1 161, Italy, 100 Lire of 1911 , KM-54, NGC M5-62, est. of 1923, "Fascist Anniversary," KM-65, $2,500-$3,000; lot #1158, Italy, 50 Lire of 1912 , KM-49, NGC MS-62, est. cOlltillued all page 56.. . ~C I!&Il.lC (!Curiositic ~boppc (a divisiOil of RCCA Ltd.) located at 111 South Orange Avenue. South Orange, NJ 07079 A complete collectors gallery buying & selling: U.S., ancicllt, & foreign coins, U.S. & foreigll stamps, paper money, tokens & medals, Classical Antiquities of Greece, Rome, Egtjpt, & Iudaea, Pre-Co/umbiall, American Indian, African, & Ethnographic objects & artifacts, alol1g with historical and popular autographs & lIIal1uscript material, Revolutionary War & earlier Americana. BUYING & SELLING - FREE APPRAISALS "You'd be amazed at what we will buy & how much we will pay" Prop.: Dr. Arnold R. Saslow Phone (973) 762-1588· Fax (973) 761-8406 Email: [email protected] Gallery hours : Monday lo Salurday 10:00 - 6:00 Visa, MasterCard & American Express Accepted Gift Certificates Isslied ------ September 2008 33 Animals Cont. from page 31 Bibliogra phy Aratos, circa 270 that when a person dies, Venus the BC, Phenomena, Morning Star conducts their spirit 10 Coe, Michael D., Bralgil. [t is the Aborigine name for "Native Astronomy the "Land of the Dead." in Mesoamerica." in Archaeo-ast rOllolllY Numismatic Artwork & ill Pre-Columbian Roman Propaganda All/erica, edited by A. F. Aveni, Univer Our quest has extended across five sity of Texas. Austin, continents. The Egyptians built pyra 1975. mids to affirm their belief that the soul Hall, Alice L, "A of the Pharaoh would ascend to the Lady from Ch ina's heavens. The Chinese affirmed their Past," Natiollal Geo belief on a silken funerary banner, and graphic, May 1974. the Mayas carved theirs on a stone sar Hasegawa. I.. cophagus. Half a world away, natives "Catalogue of An "Down Under" affirmed their belief in cient and Naked Eye mourning ceremonies. The same affir Comets," Vistas ill mation of afterlife is found among the Astronomy, 1980. Romans. but instead of an enormous Haynes, R., pyramid or a huge banner or stone "Dreaming the Sky, slab. they managed to record their be Aborigi nal Austra lief in artwork on the canvas of a tiny lian Mythology." Sky coin that was used in everyday transac & Telescope. Sep tions in the local economy. Through their tember 1997. an. they transformed the death of Au Pliny {he Elder. gustus into the triumph of the Divine 77 AD. Natural His Augustus ascending into the heavens. rory. Volume I , 94. Of course, it is Roman propaganda. [t also happens to be beautiful artwork. About the au thor- Robert S. Mcivor was born in Quality Ireland in 1946 and Classical Coins moved to C Generous Consignment Terms THE PROFESSIONAL NUMISMATISTS GUILD, INC. 0,,, 50 YEARS of European Inquiries Welcomed KNOWLEDGE, INTEGRITY & RESPONSIBILITY Founded in 1955, rhe PNe is (/ nOli -profit organization. comprised Bruce Antonelli of the lop rare coin and paper money experts from all around rhe world. 315 East 80th Street For more in/onnaliol! on the PNG. please contact: New York, NY 10021-0673 Visit Us Onli ne At Robert Brueggeman, Executive Director www.vcoins.com/incl inatioroma ~ 3950 Concordia Lane, Fallbrook. CA 92028 Or e-mail us at ~PNG Tel. (760) 728- 1300 Fax (760) 728-8507 [email protected] www.(!IIgdcalfrs.colI! ell/ail: [email protected] 34 The Gelator SUMMER SPECIAI S INCLUDES NEW TITLES! (To gel a lisl of available books, see Ihe Book News note al tha bottom of this ad.) Biblo l Nurni>m!llkli "'Ib in)' l'ktts ofSil ,·,r" by Shi rk-y Ibor. Sll' _ Ar~uobly am"og ,II< m<>!J buu", fu lly ill'.,.. ..'.oJ bo.JOk. "" coinage e,'er I"'bli,OO;). Thi ' book. Fueg. Franz. Corpus of the Nomis the Dumbarton Oaks Collection wi'b ,pc" NGC AU-58, est. $3.000-$4,000; lot #1198, Peru, 8 Escudos of 1736-N, KM-38.2 , Very Fine, est. $3,500- $4,500; lot #1199, Peru, 8 Escudos of 1744-V, KM -38.2, Very Fine, est. $3,500-$4,500; and lot #1244, Switzer land, 100 Francs of 1934-8, "Frie bourg," KM-519, Choice Brilliant Uncir culated, est. $2,000-$3.000. Highlights in Mexican Coinage in clude: lot #1249, 8 Escudos of 1763- FM, "Rat Nose, ~ KM -155, Extremely Fine, est. $9 ,000-$12,000; lot #1250, 8 Escudos of 1788-FM, Choice Almost Uncirculated/Uncirculated, est.$2,000- $3,000; lot #1279, 4 Escudos of 1844- Ga MC, KM-381 ,2, Very Fine, est, $3 ,000-$4,000; lot #1280, 4 Escudos of 1848-CG MP, KM-381 ,3, Very Fine, est. $3,000-$4,000; lot #1369, 12 On zas , 1987 Pattern in gold, Choice Bril liant Proof, est. $15,000-$20,000; lot #1536 , 8 Reales of 1828-EoMo LF/P, KM-377,5, Almost Uncirculated, est. $2,000-$2,500; and lot #1596, 8 Reales, 40% off center, double strike mint error, Extremely Fine, est. $700-$1,000, Catalogs are available fr om Ponte rio & Associates for $30 postpaid, The entire catalog will be available for view ing on their website, www.ponterio.com. th on or before August 10 , The Ancient and Foreign Coin BOSTON... Mecca of The Northeast' Semi-Annual Book News Cont. from pg_ 35 BAY STATE 90,!\'S' ~;~~ non-existent Anastasius III (where Anastasius II was intended,) The En gl ish translation , by H, Thomas Spring Show e~~;.~:~~~~\ and up Hofmanner is smooth and readable, Special Anci,.,:,., iJU~~~"::'~~ Given thaI there are over 670 mega bytes of blank space on the CD-ROM, At: it is regrettable that more content cou ld Box 240, Clinton, Hotel not have been included, such as high 781-729-9677 200 Stuart Street reso lution images of at least some se www.baystatecoinshow.com Room rescnations: 617-482-1800 lected coins, the original German text of the manuscript, or even the full En glish text of the book (in searchable EXPOS UNLIMITED PDF, this wou ld make up for the lack of an Index), Such additions would U.S. , World, Foreign & Ancient Coins, Stamps, Paper Money, Postcards, Tokens, have made a cosily tool more useful, ,.~~~tI Cigar Label Art, Jewelry, Collectibles and More! < R':~n." but, of course, the additional work "OIItstondill9 Auction., Ed"".tion.1 Stm,""", F,u Kid. fre.. u " 11""( S/l«i.1 ExhiM. & CUlly Gold PrilO Dr, ..inQ' EvelY Showl· might well have driven the price even Over 400 Exhibitors with over 2,000 D u le .. A!tending Over 200 Exhibitors with over 1,000 Oe.uen "ttoondlng higher. -/iiW. LONG BEACH '&~")Ik,"::J,.. SANTA CLAIUl . ''0.,,0 ' COIN, STA mp", COJ,.LECTIBLES EXPO COIN,STAMl' &. COLLECTIBLES EXPO A' ,(TI'''~ Ih M<:I'"""R," U I'[ " I OK "-- ,,\1.1 1"I1.l 1.S Apr"" ]O·jJ Mike Markowitz is a historian and OY6.!!IT62 .~ ~h y l9-31 ~.""<1,''', ,, No,·lJ-16 ."",0 o.YI<'" I.H~: ,,",Al:('Tl()' . O:. Stpt 1&-10 collector of Byzantine coins, He lives ~bI"~:~; ~~j' in northern Virginia and can be contact \0" Em";l, lbexp<>@up".... nHmited.com Web:www.Lo"!JBuchExpo.eom ed at [email protected], 8 We~t FigliProa Street, Santa Bubara CA 93101-Ph: (805) 962-9 939 h: (8 05) 963-0827 Sponsored by eBa~ All Grading Services 36 The Celator ACCG Benefit MORTON &. E D EN LTD Auction Nets in association with Sothebys 45 i\hdclox Sueet London \'(I1S 2PE $45.811 in Active Bidding Auctions, Valuations and Sales of Ancient, Islamic and \'\Iorld Coins, GAINESVILLE, MO-The ancient coin t'o lcdals, Decorations and BanknOlCS collecting fratemity supported its primary advocacy group, the Ancient Coin Collec tors Guild, with an impressive $45,811 in Please comact James r-.·Iorton, Tom Eden or the Benefit Auction that closed August Stc"e Lloyd for advice on buying or selling 17T\o<, 2008 on VAuctions.com. The total or 10 be included on our mailing list. l oppe d the pre-auction estimate of $44,775. Coins and other items donated by collectors and dealers across the coun Idcphonc +44 (0)20 7493 5344 fax +44 (0)20 7495 6325 e-mail [email protected] try and even from friends outside of the USA were sometimes lought overfunousty by fellow co ll ectors. The sale consisted of 208 lots, pri marily of ancient coins from many cul tures, but also including related books and antiquities. A lotal of 1,48 1 bids were registered during the auction, with typi cal auction results-some lois saw very strong competition and others, often surprisingly, were available at bargain prices. Greek silver coins drew collec tor interest, as often is the case. Among the highlights, a silver didrachm from Akragas (lot #9) brought $630 against a pre-auction estimate of $300, while a silver shekel from Byblos in Phoenicia (lot 50), estimated at $750, brought $1050. One of the most actively bid Numismatic Literature coins was a bronze coin from Palmyra struck during the 1st century BG. Twen Now Available ty-three bids pushed the hammer price to $751, nearly four limes the estimate. Th e Romal! Imperial Coinage, Coins of Roman Egypt, mainly from RO MAN Voilim e /I - Part I the James Theselius Collection, were PERIAL AD 69 TO AD 96, Vespasian to popular and drew spirited bids. A tet Domitiall, 2"d fully revised editioll radrachm of Tranquillina sold for $301, INAGE Carradice & at double the estimate. The rare Ro by Ian man bronze of Libius Severus drew 30 T. V. Buttrey, 2007 bids and a hammer price of $855. Some 404 pages. 160 plates (Note: The obvious bargains included a lovely stater origi nal RIC 11 had but 16 plates!), of the Danubian Celts that was conser green cloth, dust jacket. New. va tively estimated at $750 and slipped under the radar at $400. A rare tet $180.00 postpaid in the U.S . radrachm from Gela, estimated at $1500 The greatly enlarged and revised RIC 2 and previously sold at $2000, was covering the Flavians. The balance of snapped up by a lucky (or astute) bid the period covered in the previous RIC der for S901. Several VCoins gift cards 2, A D 96- 138, is currently under auctioned in the sale actually brought rev ision as well. more than face value, demonstrating See ollr filII itlW.mrory of over solid support for the benefit theme. 1000 titles 011 VCoills.com at Overall, this auction was very well I'coins.com/ancien t/cha rl esdlll,is supported by donors and bidders, sev eral of whom expressed a hope that the Charles Davis sale would become an annual event. p.o. Box 547. Wenham, Mass'" 0 1984 The ACCG Board 01 Directors wishes Tel: (978) 468 2933 Fax: (978) 468 7893 to sincerely thank all who participated Nurnislit @aol.colII in the sale as donors or bidders, and Ca"~1<>g""rof u.: $ 1 Mill"", Champa NLI1lli'n~llk tibo"')' especially those who helped to organize , Mcmb.;, since I'XiS: EAC 142 ANA 60027 promote and conduct the sale. September 2008 37 The Roman Empire's Resurrection of Alexander the Greatl delve into UJ(: sources on Alexander ,L~ a world For the life of Alexandcr thc Great two by Brian Geeslin conqueror and enlightened leader of men. of the most popular ancient sources. and This is not another article on the life ofAlex still widely read today in translation, are In the modem world. few people out ander the Great. but an attempt to elicit some those of the Greek writersArrian and Plu side of an academic environment have response from those more qualified to write tarch. There is alw the Greek geographer heard of Alexander 111 of Macedon. yet on lhe topi c. I lind it interesting that Ule earli Strabo. In addition to these, there are ref most people arc familiar with the sobri est, comprehensivc, sut>'iving sources we erences in Diodorus Siculus as well as quet that the charismntic leader, military posscss for the life of Alexander the Great scattered frag mentary quotes or re ferenc genius, and visionary llcquired afler his were written ccnt uries after thc death of the es to A lexander from the works of such death when he became known as A lex historic and quasi-icgcnd.1f)' figure. primary source writers as Callisthenes, ander the Great. With that sobriquet his Frank L. Holt gives a good summary Ptolemy, Aristobu lus, Cleitarchus, and name hascchocd through the agc.<; in lands of AJ exandcr's career in his most recent Nearchus. T he only Latin hislOry that and cultures as rur removed from one an and provocati ve bookAlexandel" ,he Great comes to mi nd is that of the Roman writer other in oolh time ,md space as the Mon and 'he Myswy of rhe Elepha/ll Medal Quintus Curtius Rufus. nlerein lay the gol Empire and the United States: Alex lions;4 whereas Dr. Holt is dearl y a schol dilemma, why has no co ntempora ry ander the Great is a name that is even fa ar intent on rehabilitating Alexander aft er source survived except through excerpts? miliar in lhe most remote villages of Af the historical personage had received Now this is not unusual for many histori ghanistan.1 W ith :111 the praise and con much bad press, SOllle of it from other gift cal fi gures o f prominence; yet the pecu demnation he has received- more than ed and reputable writers and scholars such liar nature of this particular conundrum is two thousand ankles and Ixxlks, and $CV ~l~ the classicist Victor Davis Hanson,s the in that most of the comprehensive ex ist eml moviesJ-onc might fin d it difficult image in many people's minds m:ly be that ing sources date from a partic ul ar period to believe that th ere may have been a time of Oliver Stone's 2004 film, and box of of Romall history, yet most of th e writing after his death when Alexander was not fice nop, with its hideous interp retation is done in Greek. Yes, m o~ t upper-class 6 so well known. This article w a~ written of Alexander. What is the student of his Romans were bilingual. but Plutarch. Ar for tne most part tongue-in-cheek. so I tory to make of the surviving. ancient writ ri an, and Stmbo were themselves Greeks shall but scratch at the surfaee o f this tOI> ten source.,> for the lifc of the world con and writing from a Greek perspecti ve. ic. I am nOI a classicist: yel I will bricll y queror A1cxilllder III of Macedon? Amanof Nicomedia(ca. 86-l46CE) was a Roman provincial governor under the Emperor Trajan, and a prolific Greek author who wrote a number of work s both historical and philosophical. Am an's his Tim Wilkes torical works include thc Allobmjs ofA I Specialist in Medi:c"al .nd Islamic Coins exmuler and the Indica, the former an ac count of Alexander's campaigns. and the latte r and account o f the vo yage of Nearchus, Alexander's admiral during his campaigns in the east. Among th e sources that Arrian quotes are CaHisthenes, the P O Box 150 ncphew o r Ari stotle: Nearc hus, the above Banle stated naval officer: Aristobulus, an histo e-mail: [email protected] East Sussex rian in residence at Alexander's peri patct www.wilkescoins.com TN330FA ic court; and Ptolemy, onc of the more in www.vcoins.com/ancient / timwilkes UK fluential persons at the side of Alexander in later years. especially during the Bac trian campaigns. and the most successful of the Successors-the Diadochi. Plutarch ofChaeronca (ca. 46-122 CE) was a G reek moralist and biographer fa Early mous for his parallel li ves of noble Greeks and Romans. In his parallc1 lives. he com Islamic & Oriental pared and cont rasted thc virtues and fau lts of great personages from both Greek and C oins Roman backgrounds. Strabo the geographer's life straddled the fi rst century CEo He wrote seven teen vol umes in Greek on the geogra www.vcoins .com/najafcoins phy of the known world o f hi s time. In thi s he incl udes incidental references to www.naja fcoins.com notable fi g ures of particular epochs. Quintus Curtius Rufus was a Roman writing in Latin during the reign of the 38 The Gelator Emperor Claudius (41-54 CE). He wrote a ten-book biography of A lexander that exists in fragmentary form: the tirst two books arc completciy losllo us and Ihe rest full of lacunac. Thc reader Illay have noted the dales and authors of all the above references. That is the clincher on this invcsti gation. All the major source writers for Alexander. with the ex ception ofCunius, arc Greek. Why'! One could postul ate that as the Roman world expanded under the charismatic leader ship or military genius of Roman personalities li ke Mafius, Sulla, Pompey. Caesar. and ultimately Augustus. the Greek world responded. Responded how? Cunius Rufus was writing rlt a ti me when new conquests were being added to the Roman Empire in dcliancc of Augus tus' advice. Is it possible that Claudius, who was known as some thing of a scholar. sought \0 justi fy his conquests beyond the advice of the great Augustus by reviving the great conqueror and imbuing hi s contemporaries with a further " Iste for g lory and conquest? Possibly Rome could outshine the greatest star to ever have bluzed across the story of Mankind. But what do we know about Alexander and how he was perceived in the ancient world? I.n the wake of Alexander's conquests. his successors had very big shocs to fill. It would be easierto till the role asolle of his II/any successors if Alexander himself were made a bi t smaller in the memory of the mob: subject had replaced eitilcll in the Cata logue: 15,- € Catalogue online: Hellenistic world created by Alexander and his insistence uJXln www.gmcoinartde deitication, His genemis mocked Alexander's assumption of divinity during his life, but found it expedient to adopt this pol. icy in order to rule effectively in a culture imbued with the con cept for mi llennium. T hus, th e memory of Alexander himself WIIS played down, and with rlny luck forgollen. as new rulers acquired the aegis of godliness. This could not be the case in Egypt because Ptolemy. who seit 1970 wrestled that satmpy from the empire. based his legitimacy upon the possession of Alexander's body for wh ieh he built 11 magnif icent mausoleum inAlexandria. In Egypt. Pto lemy and his long Auction 169/170 lived dynasty adoptcd the status of pharaoh-a god on earth and legitimate successor \0 the son of Zcus·Ammon (Alexander af· 13th/14th October 2008 ler his visi t 10 Siwah), And so in Egypt Alexander was memori Ancient Coins alized and his 10mb was subsequently visited by great conquers and cowards alike: Auguslus and the mad CaJigula to name but Collect ion Caria, Collection Aes Grave, two. All of these Roman ··Heroes·· groveled at the feet of the Collection Roman Impe ri a l Period, dead Alexander hoping thai they too might attain something of Collection ancient weights, his aura through their visil or the taking of some relic from his Celtic, Greek, Rom an provincial coins, tomb. The problem was that his aura was a fading memory. his Byzantine coins, large lot name was known but his deeds somewhat forgotten: his deeds began to enter the realm of myth. which would eventually find fonn in the west intheAlexmuler ROil/alice of the MiddleAgcs. Auction 171/172/173 It is an interesting footnote in history Ihat Alexanderdid not :Icquire the sobriquet of'1'he Greae unti l the second centmy 15th/1 6th/17th October 2008 BeE and this W,lS bestowed by the Roman comedic playwright Medieval and Modern Coins P!autus in his Mosldlaria (3.2.775).7About this same time, the Germa n coins, Austria·Hu n gary, Eu Greek historian Polybius wrote a history of the Roman Repub rope, USA. Collection of Medals about lie as an aJXllogelic to Ihe Greek world for it s conquest by the uncouth bam..1rian Romans. Turkish History, Is lamic coins, collec 111e Greek world lay exhausted in the dust of Rome's ri se to tion O ttom an Empire part li t. Russian empire and the intenninablecivil wars that followed. Greek cu! collection, large lots, Literature ture was seemingly forever under the hee! of the Roman mili Imy's heel. Greek culture had been subsumed under Roman ~ Maximiliansplatz 20 · 0 - 80333 Munchen military might. and anYlhing that might have been considered ~ Tel. +49-89-24226430· Fax +49·89·2285513 as developed by the Greeks was now Roman. Rome was great ~ www.gmcolnart.de·[email protected] and every thing that had existed prior to that time was irrelevant ~ Office hours: Monday - Friday and menial compared with what Roman leaden;hip had achieved: 10:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m., 2:30 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. cOlllilllleli 011 page 40 .. . September 2008 39 Geeslin Cone from pg, 39 COIN SHOWS world peace. It comes to my mind what the great Roman histori an Tacitus wrote. sometimes pmaphrased as " ••• Rome cre th OUR 30 ANNIVERSARY SHOW ates a desert and calls it peace ... " Tacitus Guest Speaker: Beth Deisher of Coin World was writing at Ihe very time much of the OCTOBER 24, 25, 26, 2008 praise for Alcxander was being published. This might be seen to confirm, from a neg Dealer set-up October 23, 4-8PM ative, Lati n, perspecti ve. that it wa~ not 30'" Annive rsary Encased 25¢ only the Greek intellectuals but also the Roman Senmorial class that had taken is availab le at the show for $4 sue w i th th e rapid and unchecked cult of $25 Dealer Early-Bi rd Fee Ihe emperor as a mighty conqueror. But on to the argument at hand. Under the yoke of Roman domination THE PITTSBURGH EXPOMART- West Wing how may the Greeks respond? Well, sim 105 Mall Blvd., Monroeville, PA 15146 ply in Ihe best way they knew, with one of EZ off Exit 57 PA Tu rnpike on Business Rt 22 their greatest inventions: History. Thus 140 Tables-Free Admission- Free Parking Alexander us a great conqueror was cre Special Ancient & Foreign Sectfon ated as a foil to the Roman ego and to Averaging near 3300 atlendance last 16 shows! Roman hubris. And so the Greeks wrote through comparison, "Rama may be great I NO SALES TAX ON COINS & BULLION IN THE STATE OF PA I now but in whose footsteps does she tread, and tread meekly by comparison? She fol Bourse Chairman: lows in the footsteps of a man great and JOHN PAUL SAROSI war-l ike in :1way that no Roman has ever 106 Market Street, J ohnstown, PA 15901 been; a 1ll:1Il we ll versed in thec1assics illld 814-535-5766 steeped in Greek culture as no Roman ever Pennsylvania Association of Numismatists could he.'" (Alexander could quote entire www.pancoins.org plays by Euripides and kn ew Homer by 1"K":art). In temlS of statecraft,AIcx:uxier strove toward a quasi-universaJ state wi th equal cit izcnship four centuries before Rome ever THE SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY opened ilS doors 10 foreigners.' The question remains: what made Al Founded in 1879 exander great? Was it his deeds or was it Al tha fore fronl of scientific and historical research lor over one hundred years, the Swiss the Gree k hislOrians searc hing to redeem Numismatic Society has established a worldwide reputation by its work with leading themselves and their pride and. sad to pon scholars, collectors and dealers diffused through !Is well known Revueand Gazeltejournals der, injocting a very big dose of hubris into with articles In four languages, together wllh numerous monographs and special publica lions in such series as Typos and the Cafelogues of SwiSS Coins. the equation by clai nungAlcxlmder as one The Society ilself owes its inception in 1879 to the pioneering spirit of Dr. Charles Franciois of their own. Alexander, who duri ng his Trachsel, ilslounder and fi rst president, but the Swiss numismatic tradilion goes back 10 the lifetime was tile Macedonian barbarian earliest days of coin collecting in the late IS"' century when connoisseurs like the Amerbach who had decimated and ensla ved Greece. famity of Basel, inspired by Renaissance humanists such as Erasmus of Rotterdam then had become. under the Roman yoke, a fab residing in the city, established important cabinets. ulous and great conqueror who brought The Sociely conlinued Irom Ihe old century under the guidance 01 Eug ene Demole and Paul Stroehlin, while the new wa s presided over by eminent scholars such as Dietrich Schwarz freedom and enl ightenment to the world. and Colin Martin. The fact remains that in his own lifetime The Swiss Numismalic Society remains today al the service 0 1 the in ternational numismatic Alexander III of Macedon ncvcr held the community, dedicated as it is to the lurtherance of the knowledge of those small but sobriquct of 'Thc Great." But then, who invaluable witnesses of art and history, the coins of Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Orient, is ever wonhy of greatness in his or her the middle ages, the modern period and Switzerland itself. own lifetime? The fi nal annlysi.'; of any By joining this leading society, you will be able to participate directly in numismatic research and moreover be eligible to receive the annual Revue and the quarterly Gazelle, as well as man or woman's place in history remains members' discounts on most special publications. \0 posterity to decide without the spoken Applications lor membership in the Society afe welcome Irom all with an interest in ancient word of Ihe indivi dual having any say or and modern numismalics. scratch marks in the equation. As the great The membership fee is Sfr 130 per year (including postage) and Sfr 2500 for /ife membership, historian of Roman history, Ronald Syme, or a sponsoring membership from Sfr 250 per year. Please make checks payable to the was frequented to write, "nlere is s1ill Swiss Numismatic Sociery. Please visit our website at: www.numisuisse.org. much to be done .. " SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY Endnotes c/o Secretary: Pierre-A, Zanchi , Chemin Cure 6 B ' TIle idea for this article was suggest CH-1008 Prilly, Switzerland Fax: +41 21 728 65 61 ed to me by my mentor and instructor in E-mail: [email protected] Indian History, Dr. Shiva Bajpai. contil/u ed em page 46... 40 The Celator wealthy if you hope to have much of a ·two items a year, and still build a respect collection. What then does the poor (no able collection over time. pun intended) collector of modest means I know of a coBector whose passion is do? TIle answer is to find something you Attic-paimed vases. Since these have al can be passionate about that meets two ways been among the most popular and other critcria of collecting. The first is to expensive items on the market, one might collect what is relatively plentiful on the think that he is a very wealthy individual. market. The second is to collect what oth This is not the case, however. Although ers do not. not poor, he is not rich either- more what The antiquities market. like most mar might be described as upper middle class. kets. is driven by supply and demand. If Despite this, he has built a quite respect the supply of any given artifact is large. able if small collection. No, he did not find then the price will be relatively low. If the the items in out of the way flea markets Collecting on a demand is relatively small. then the price for ten or twenty dollars apiece. He bought Limited Budget will be relatively small. Tastes change and them from respected dealers and auction items go in and out of favor. I first began houses. He did, however, do a lot of re I have often been asked by collectors to collect ancient oil lamps about five de search before making each purchase, and "what type of antiquities should I collect?" cades ago when I was in college. I didn't although he often spent several thousand My immediate answer is 10 collect in the have much money at the time. and I never dollars on each purchase, he was able to area you m-e most interested in. If you have became a dot com mi llionaire with un lim acquire items of good·quality that have an interest in the Bible, then pcrhapssomc ited funds to spend on my hobby. Since I appreciated greatly in value. of the areas of Biblical antiquities are for chose an area of interest where good ex What about the collector who only has you. If you studied classics, then Greek or amples were within my means, I have a few dollars to spend per item? You might Roman may be your forte. If you love to amassed quite a respectable collection over well ask if it is still possible for him or her go to museums to view Egyptian art, then the years. Today. this would be harder to \0 form a good collection. The answer is Egypt should be your focus. 111is having do because they have become quite popu that there arc always inexpensive items on been said, the question of budgel often lar and much more expensive. but other the market. For example. clay seal impres raises its ugly head, so to speak. opportunities exist. sions. bronze fibulas. Egyptian "Eyes of To draw an analogy from the numis This principle applies no mailer what Horus" and the like are still very afford matic world, it is all well and good to de your budget. If you have only pennies to able. Even if the finest and or rarest ex cide that you like Greek silver coins, but spend. then you may be limited to the least amples are beyond your means, you can if your pal1icuiar passion is Athenian dcc expensive items on the market, but you still form a good collection with represen adrachms, then you had better be very can save th em up, purchase only one or tative examples of decent quality. Art of the Ancient World Greek, Etruscan , Roman, Egyptian, & Near Eastern Antiquities We are pleased to announce the publication of Volume XVIII - 2007 of Art of the Ancient World, our new 96-page catalog illustrating 259 objects in full color. Bl.yiinii'li:ri'd s;;~:::~; I ActivelyQuality Ancient As a leading dealer, and specialists in Biblical coin.ego. 1 it is our pleasure to help royal-athena galleries Jerome M Eisenberg, Ph.D .. Director E~labti~hed 1942 153 East 57th St,.eet. Nell' York. NY fO022 212-355-2034 ' Fax: 212-688-0412 • E-mail: [email protected] For oll,./tllest w:qllisilioll.l. please visit 011" wcbsite: INS, AINA www.royalathcna.com Office Box 101003 NY 11210 Royal-Athelia al Scaby. 14 Old BOlld Sireel. Londoll WIS 4PP, England • Tel: (44) 0207-495-2590 · Fax. (44) 0207-491-1595 · c-mai/o· ; :r;u:r;[email protected] lIIinen'(I@lIIillervalllagazille. COI1l September 2008 41 exander the Great in 334 BeE. During those years, the known mints in the area 2 of ancient Judaea were Gaza, Ash- All photos are 2X dod, Ascalon, Sa 1. The gerah denomination copies the style of the Athe maria. and Yehud nian tetradrachm, but was struck on a standard of 24 gerah (mint in Jerusa to the Jewish shekel of the period (Hendin 426). lem), plus the 2 . The half-gerah denomination depicts the head of a Per Phocniciancitiesof sian king on obverse (Hendin 429). Tyre, Sidon, Byb 3. The Ptolemaic Yehud coins imitate early Ptolemaic Yehud Coinage. on los, andAradus. tetradrachms, and represent a change to the Greek stan Recently, I re dard, they represent a quarter obol (Hendin 438). Further Consideration viewed some arti Theearliestcoins struck in l udaea were cles by Yi gael (he liny coins of the Persian period with Ronen, a professor of Nuclear Science and At this time, the standard of Greek the inscription ''YHD'' for the name ofthe Vice Rector of Ben Gurian University in coins commonly copied in the coastal cit Persian province of "Yehud." Many of Bc'er Sheva, lsmel. After many years of ies, especially Gaza, was based upon the these liny coins weighed less than a fifth collecti ng and studying Yehud coinage, Athenian tetradrachm, which had an av of a gram. Prof. Ronen has made some fascinating erage weight of 16.5 grams. An abol was Today, many sec the Ychud coinage as conclusions. 1/24'" ofa tetradrachm, and indeed we see a known commodity. BUI the reality is that The Yehud coinage can be spl it into Greek obols of this period with an aver this coinage has been known for only the two parts, first the coinage of the Per age weight of 0.69 grams. about 40 years, and new types arc still sian Period and then the related later se It is well known that the weight of very being discovered. New theories and con ries struck during Macedonian or Ptole small coins varies more greatly, by per clusions arc coming along as well. maic rule. Previously these coins have centage, than the weight of larger coins. The Persian peliod is of great interest been extensively studied by Leo Mi ldcn Roncn also points out that "we can find to Biblical scholars because Jclusa1cm's berg. Ya'akov Mcshorer, and Dan Barag. coins mi nt ed with the same die which are First Temple was destroyed in 587 BeE, However, it apparently took a nuclear different by a factor of two in their weight. and a large number of Jews were exiled to physicist to notice that the weight stan With Persian period techniques it was vet)' areas oflheeast, including Babylon, which dards differ strikingly between the ear difficult to produce coins with the same Cyrus the Grcat, king of Persia. conquered li er series and the later series. weight. In particular, it was difficult to in 539 BeE The famous Declaration of Among the most common early Ye control the production process of the small Cyrus (ca. 538 BeE) ullowcd the people hud types arc the tiny coins imitating silver coi ns in which the fl ans were hand of the lands that he conquered . including, Athenian tetradrachms. but with the made. However, from a given amount of but not limited to the Jews. to return to YHD inscription instead of AGE (Hen silver, mints were required to produce a their homelands and rebui ld and worship din 426 and 426a), and those coins given number of coins. Thus, the average in their temples. which carryon one side the portrait of a weight of a large number of coins of the When those Jews returned to the Per Persian King (Hendin 429 and 429 v) . same type is a valid and correct measure sian province called Yehud, it marked the Ronen studied 64 "owl" co ins and 82 for the weight of that type of coin." beginning of the Pe~ia n Period in Pales "Persian king" coins- "quantities suffi So, how could we have thought that tine. It continued for just more than 200 c::ient for reliable statistic::s." He learned the early Persian period coins were on years, and begins with the Old Testament that the average weight for the "owl" the same standard as the small Greek books about the rebuilding of Jerusalem coins is 0.48 grams, and the average silver of the period? There is no logical and its Temple by Ezra and Nehemiah and weights of the "Persian king" coins are reason that the obo! of Yehud should ends when the land was conquered by AI- 0.26 grams. average 0.48 grams, and the Greek ohol should average 0.69 grams during the same period of time. These average ffiH. D. RAUCH GmbH Vienna numbers are simply too far apart. Ronen suggests a different local stan RAUCH Numismatist and Auctioneer since 1969 dard in use during the Persian period in For Ancient, World Coins & Historical Medals Judaea. Indeed, du ring the Israelite Pe riod (also known as the Iron Age) there Next Auctions: September 15-16, 2008 was a system of weights based upon the & Auction 83, November 14-15, 2008 weight of a shekel of silver. Based upon existing scale weights, scholars have All auctions now featl/res live, concluded that the weight of the shekel relt/-time, bidding 011 the Internet at the end of the First Temple period was Pleasc contact us: 01143 I 533 33 12 about 11.4 grams. From other research we know that E-mai l: [email protected] weight standards did not change overnight, Visit our shop: www.hdrauch.com so it is logical to assume that this Judaean Write to: A-lO 10 Wien, Graben 15 (Europe) shekel standard would have at least tran sitional impact on the following period. 42 The Gelator Observcs Roncn: ;'The shekel was di vi ded into 24 smaller denominations or gerah .. . thus the weight of the gerah was 0.475 g., which is nearl y equal to the av www . .:beam oneta.com eruge weight (0.48) of th e 'Owl' coins. 11 is our suggestion, therefore. that the ylld coins, du ring the late Persian ru le, were in the denomination of a geml! COwl' coins) and half gerah (,Persiarl king' coins). Tax payers used these coins to p.."Iy the half-shek el ( 12 gcrahs) to the Temple in l cru~em. (NOTE: I must point out that in fact the Bible states that there are 20 gerahs to the shekel ..... the shekel is 20 gemhs..." [Exodus 30: 131. However. scholars of an cient weights of th is period. including the pre-eminent expert RlIZ Klel1er of the Is rael Antiquities Authority. 111Ive conclud ed that there were more likely 24 geml! to the standard shekel. and that the figure of 20 geml! may have been a scribe's elTor or perhaps a different shekel standard, since several arc mentioned in the Old Testament. (I discuss th is topic in Ancient Scale Weiglits, pp. 80-86.) So it seems that what we have here are actual gerah and ha lf-gemh coins that were used at the ti me to make up the an nual silver half-shekel to the Temple. When the Yehud coins of the Macc Greek, Roman , Medieval and Italian coins. Papal Medals. Numismatic Books. donian :md Ptolemaic period wcre manu factured, they were quite in line with the weight of Greek obols. For example, Ronen studied 72 coins of the Ptolemaic period, and learned that the avemge weight of the Ptolemy and cagle coins (Hendin Now Available! 438) is 0. 18 grams. "This weight of the Ptolemaic coins clearly deviatcs from the Persi:lIl period's weight of the 0.48 orO.26 lot Kosher g. of the geral! and half-gemh. respective ly. However, the 0.18 is suitable to the obol Forgeries of Ancient system of weight. This coin clearly repre sents a quarter of an obo/. which has a Jewish and Biblical Coins weight of 0.1 7 g. The shift from the gerah standard du ri ng the Persian period to the David Hendin obol standard during the Ptolemaic peri od is unmistakable:' Ronen explains. Author of Guide to Biblical Coins, the bestselling Ronen makes another intcresting point reference book of all time for this series, documents with photo and that is that virtuall y nil of the Yehud graphs more than 550 common and uncommon forgeries of more coins arc found within :mcient Judaea. On than 125 types, from collections around the world. the other hand, coins from the same pcri~ od struck in Gaza, Tyre. Sidon, and Ara~ 224 pages, 7 x 9 inch hardcover with dust jacket dus have been found within Judaea in sig $50.00 plus $3.00 shipping. Order your signed copy nificant numbers. Ronen suggests that directly from the publisher or your favorite dealer. "This situation might indicrl te that the Ye hud coins were not used for international trade, as were the Phocnici;lIl coi ns. If th e AMPHORA Yehud coins were on ly used locally. the t::ji:. . P.O. Sox 805 use of a non-conventiOll al weight system "'Q.. if'; Nyack. NY 10960 becomes more readily explicable." ,L::; .,.~.J 845.3 S8.73 M There is one olhcr observation that Roncn ~./ [email protected] has made about the Ychudcoins. which seemo; to provide a fmal proof to hi s theory that they www.amphoracoins.com were used as Temple payments. http://www.vcoins.com/amphoracoins cominl/ell 011 page 46. .. September 2008 43 doc ume nts. seven yea rs worth of What should I have done to pre e mail, and thousands of coin imag vent this? es we re unavailable. The fi rst thing, and most impor The good ne ws was thai I had a tant, wo uld have been to have a UPS backup. The bad news was th at the (unintc rruptible power s upply) at backup was so m e what o ld. Th e tached to my PC and select periph problcm was that it took close 10 erals, suc h as the mo nitor. The ri ght four hours to ma ke a backup to my UPS would have made it possible to e xte rnal hard drive so I was a little eithe r ride out the storm or given me la x in do ing so. (Okay, I' l! admi t time to shut down properly, wilhout that was stupid.) I had il if J " real worries of power failure, s urge or ly" needed it. but my first priority voltage drop. I did so me research was to try to restore th e hard drive afterwa rd, and found that a good Do As I Say, withoul the backu p. UPS is inc redibly c heap. especially Not As I Do Thankfully, I was a bl c 10 restore compared to the loss of time, data the drive e no ugh to boot and reco v and headac hes involved in reslOring · Warni ng, there is a noticeab le e r my da ta . But it took days of wad a PC 10 working order. You can gel la ck of numi smati c co ntent in th e ing through some obscure Wi ndows a good U PS for less th a n $200, fo llowi ng column. You can skip it if utilit ies, as well as taking my PC sometimes quite a bit less when on you like, but rcading it may save you apart . 10 get th e system bac k up. a t sa le a t places like newgg.com or a world of tro uble. least tc mpora ri ly. Sincc the drive zipzoo rn fly.c om. was now s uspect. a replaceme nt hard T he second thing wou ld be 10 Kevin's story: drive was in o rde r, wh ic h meant back up my PC more often to a n ex It was a Iypical summer evening. m ore lime a nd a little blood . (I f lernal hn rd drive. That shou ld go The forecast called for hot and hu you've ever taken a PC apart. you wi thout saying, but I'll say il any mid , but clear s ki es. will know that there can be unex way. Backups can save your life 00- I was busy at w ork on my den PC pected sharp corners lurking almost I inc. when the first sign of trouble oc anywhere.) I have a second ha rd If you don't have an exte rnal hard c urred, a li ghtning strike a bout two drive s itting on my des k. waiti ng to drive. you should co nside r buying blocks away fro m whe re I was si t be install ed for ma king image cop one. T hey come in t hree fl avo rs, ting. A s mall , but inte nse, thunder ies. Hard drives are cheap, and when I USB , Firewire lind eSata. By far the s torm had appea red right over my am finally done, I wi ll have I TB (ter fastest fl avor would be eSata, but area. The power fli ckered for a sec abyte) of ha rd drive storage, over fo ur not all PCs support that yet. If I had ond and my PC rebooted. times th e storage that 1 had before. an eSa ta drive, it would have cui the , decided to let the PC fini sh rc [ should note tha t if yo u nrc a four-ho ur backup time down to less booling so th at I could shut down Mac or Linux user, you arc not im than a n hour. My Fi rewire dri ve will norm ally. Howeve r, be fore it could mune to what I we nt through. All do for now, but I mlly add a n eSata finish. the second lig htning stri ke hit computers use the same hll rd drive card to my PC, and buy a new exte r less than a block away. manufacturcrs. So your mac hi ne wi ll nal hard dri ve to go with il. T he power fl ic ke red again fo r be j ust as vu lnerable to c rashing as Whe n you are doing a bac kup, re several seconds and my PC we nt mine was. Your recovery may be member that it is nol really neces down . hard. easier, bu t some how I doubt il. sary to ba c kup the entire drive. You That time, r pulled the plug and And don ' t forget that hard drives can j ust backup your data (i mages, waited fo r the storm to cl ear the can just fail without the slimulus of doc ume nts, files, e tc), a nd restore a rea. Whe n I turned it back o n. I a thunderstorm. Any piece of elec programs from the original C Ds if had ... nothi ng. The hard drive still tronics. especiall y something spin necessary. Also. most b:lck up pro ran , bUI I couldn 't boot or re trie ve ning at 7.200 or 10.000 RPM . can grams allow you to make " increme n my data. At that point. I was dead in turn into a brick at a mome nt s no tal " backups after you have com the water and highly upset. All of my tice. pletel y bac ked up your ha rd drive. An incre me ntal backup will copy j ust the data that has c hanged si nc e t he last time t he hard d ri ve was backed up. That saves a bi t of back up time, but when it comes time to restore a ll of your data. you have to restore the master backup first, then all o f the increments. So it will take more time on the back e nd . Learn All About Collecting Ancient Coins Ho pefull y. you won' t have to do that very often. That is about il for this month. www.ancientcoinmarket.com Sorry fo r the lack o f numi s ma tic cont ent th is month, but I thought the cautionury tale was worth passing New Articles Monthly along. 44 The Celato, band. The reverse depicts a par tially nude (draped) figure with bash lik(?) headgear, s tanding right. leaning on bow and hold ing a scepter. In the li eld to right is an unusual tripod object os tensibly of religious sign ifi cance. In the fi c!d to left is the inscription BALlAEQ r APIA KOY. The general tone of the Parthian Fantasy iconography favors a derivation from representations of Ihe son is in tercsting. I do believe that this Greek Apollo and would presumably piece stems from the earl y part of the depict the Parthian king us that deity. A Parthian Enigma 20'h century. if not somewhat earlier. If anyone wou ld know what this Whoever designed the images was cer My recent column titled "A Mal was, I reckoned, the folks a t tainly knowledgeable a bout history latan Enigma" was hugely successful Parthia.com would. That web site and and Parthian iconography. The devia from my perspective. Not only did I associated Internet discussion group ti ons from appropriate style, which receive confirmation of the coin's au pulls together the most knowledgeable some might call a lack of fi delity. are thenticity, I ended up with a second numismatists in the field of Parthian really. I th ink. the musin gs of a per specimen! Frank Kovacs wrote and coinagc from around the world. I post son quite talented and well educated. explained that he has seen other spec ed a short query and photo link with The engraving of die or mold. as the imens of this unusual type and is con the discussion group and was surprised case may be, was really quite true to fident 1hat it is genuine. That. 1 at the quiek reply. Chris Hopkins, the style for the period. and the quality of thought, was prelly interesting. I howe founder of this treasure trove of infor production of this piece alleast is quite been doing research on Mallos for sev mation about a st ill understudied and believable. eral years and have never seen the type underpublished area, directed me to a Whi le living in Turkey during the before- I guess I didn"t look in the virtual ly identical specimcn in thc Amer 1960s. and visiting there several times right place. Though in all fairness to ican Numismatic Society co!!ection . since, I saw a plethora of tourist copies myself, the coin is unpublished. In 40+ The ANS specimen, in Tray G-OO I- offered for sale at every spot where a years of collecting and dealing in an 1064, is marked as "False." That spec tour or stragglers might pass by. With cient coins, Ihal was the first speci imen appears to have been made in a out exception, these have been very bad men [ 'd ever seen- with no others base metal of some alloy other than copics of genuine coins. The outdoor even remolety similar. As some sort coppcr and does seem to be a cast. markets and bazaars in every Turkish of confirmation of the power of thc From this meager evidence. it would hamlet of any size are loaded with them. press, my short article attracted the at seem that this piece, like the Mallotan Fantasy pieces are cut from a dif tention of a seller who owned a sec piece recently examined, was pro fe rent cloth. They arc rare, first of all, ond specimen of exact ly the same duced in some q uantiti es for a tourist and th ey arc typically interesting in Iype. So the mystery is al least less tradc. A similarity between these piec some iconographical respect. We sel ened, and I can catalogue this piece es and carly 20Lh century forgeries rc dom are able to pinpoint their source, as genuine, if still enigmatic, in the ferred to as the "Baghdad Forgeries" and nobody that I am aware of has ever study of coins from Mallos undertak was drawn in the subsequent list dis done a survey of this sort of adjunct en by Bekircan Tahberer and mysclf. cussions. Those forgeries were pub to ancient numismatics. That, I sup Encouraged by this jackpot of clu lished in part by Philip Kinns: "Myri pose, is not difficult to understand cidation, I decided to give it another na and Related Forgeries" ANS Muse try with strange piece that I have had when there are so many intriguing sub a UIII Notes, 1985. Vol. 30. pp. 45-68, jects of genuine historical intercst yet hanging around here for many years. Pc rsonally. I do not see a c10sc tie to explore. Still, fantasy pieces arc fun It's obvi ous ly intended to look between th is fantasy piece and the and offer a pleasanl diversion. Parthian, but anyone shy of an abso Baghdad Forgeries, but the com pari- lute novice can see that it is no\. The object is made of a copper alloy, sim ilar at least to orichalcum. It is 30-mm When changing interests or circnmstance snggest that in diameter and is covered with a very realist ic patina. The piece docs not it is time to sell part or all of your collection: exhibit any of the telltale signs of an old cast. I say "old cast," becausc Consider consignment to the experts modcrn methods of casting have ad vanced to th e point where they are with experience - Sayles and Lavender often very difficult to detect as such. This piece is not. in my estimation. http://vcoins.com/saylcsandlavender anywhere ncar recent enough to qual ify in that regard. SAYLES AND LAVENDER Call or Email The obverse portrays the bust of a P.o. Box 926, Watkinsville, GA 30677 about bearded figure, presumably a king. in [email protected] • (417) 679-2142 consigning your a jeweled robe, wearing a medieval [email protected]·(321)946-4633 coins or hooh style cap with a filleted tiara- like September 2008 45 Geeslin Cont. from pg. 40 4 Ibid. J Holt, Medallions. p. I . 5 Greal Commal/ders: AlexlInder the s w.w. Tarn was one of the first mod l It was in wh~t is today Afghanistan. Grear. 2005. Dr. Hanson has also ex em scholars to put forth thi s assertion, Uzbekistan, T,~iki s tan. and Turkmeni stan pressed his disdain for AlexlUlder in nearly much maligned in recent years: ye t many th at Alcxlli1dcr faced his most daunting task every one of his best seEing books. Dr. of Al exander's actions can be explained up to that time: a guerilla war that wou ld Hanson is one of my t~1Vo rite military his through no other rationale other than demand all orhis varied talents and one in torians and a scho lar for whom I ha\'e great welding hi s disparate peoples together which he was 10 receive some of his most rcspecL, but I disolgree with his orten repeal under a common cultural overlay. This frightful wounds. I once worked in a low ed assessment of Alexander for the si mple was to become the Hellenistic Era. ly warehouse job where there was an Af reason that he hlt'> taken Alex.meler out of About th e lll/thor-Brian Geeslin is an ghan ofaboullwcnty years orage. He told his historical context by thrusting him into instructor of Ancient Hi story at Moor~ me with great pride. ,,] am from Afghani twentieth and twenty- fi rst century standards park College. Moorpark, California. His stan. I am a Greek. My fam ily is descend of mor:~ily and statecrart. numismat ic spec ialty is Graceo- Bactri ed from Alexander thc Great!" This is, of h Stone, Oliver, Alexander: Director's an and Indo-Greek. He is a fre elance course, a pamphmsc bm it is very close to CIll, Wa rner Home Video Inc. 2004, writer wi th articles published on a num his actual words. 2005. In my courses on Western Civi ber of topics including Pre-Colonial ) Holl. Frank. Alexander Ill e Grem li zation. I give the option of viewing Mex ico, Ancient I. raq. and an article in (lm/lhe MYJ le ry a/the EleplJalll Meda/' Stones' film for extra credit and givi ng The Celatoron the serpent image on lhe lions. 2003, University of California an historical nnnlysis based on the sur coins of the Severans ("Aspects of the Press, Berkeley. viving sources; no t a single studen t has Serpen t," March 2003, pp. 6-22). ~ enjoyed Stone's film. Hendin Cont. from pg. 43 Fourree or "silver plated" coins wi th Here's the thing: there is, literally_ one coins created and salted into the larger a base metal interior are especially com known example of abase-metal Yehud (.:oin, group returned to Ihe royal tre:t~ ury. mon of the coins of the late Persian pe and it ha~ no traces of silver plating at all, so But whateverthereason, why in the wood riod. Anyone who has handled even rel may indeed have even been a trial strike. So would the Yehud coinage be the only coin atively small groups of coins from GlIza, locall practical purposes, the Yehud series is age of this time in the Middle East where Samaria, Sidon. Byblos, and Aradus will the only contempomry series of the area there wcre no fourree coins minted? Roncn notice that there aTe an usuall y large where fourrcc coins do Il()( exisl. suggests that the reason for this is that the number of fourree coi ns among them. We arc IlOI in 11 position at this time to Yehud coins were used for. Hmong other Once it was thought that the fourreecoins explain the phenomenon of plated coins. One things. payment of tributes to the Jerusalem were simply ancient forgeries. However, possible scenruio is that ancient mints were Temple. "If the Yehud coill.~ were inck:cd used this seems not to have been the case, as ootlarge central facilities as mallY imagine, for the Biblical half-shekel tri bute to the shown by Ol iver Hoover in Coin s of the and illstead werca loose-coUeclive of black Temple (MislmG Shekfllim 2:4), the shek Seleucid Empire JnJm the Collection oj smith workshops under conlf'act to m.ulU el weight system is the appropriate stan Arthur Houghtol/; "Although plated coins f1K-1mc coinage during certain periods. In dard. Moreover, pure silver was required arc fn:quenll y desc ri bed as 'ancient forg such a situation when, as discussed abovc, for the Temple dues, which ex plains the eri es,' it is difficu lt to be certain that crim the mint-master received a cenain amount absence of silver-plated Yehud coins." inal enterprise was responsible for all of of silver, a specified number of coins were Prof. Ronen has significantl y enriched the known plated specimens. Some series expxtcd from it. If the production stall our understanding of these interesting early that are of especially high quality may pos dards were not exact, it is probllble that coins from the years after the Jews rctumed sibly be olliciaL Two examples in the fo l sometimes the mint-master found tha t he fmm the Persian exi le. lowing catalog ac tually die link to apr-'1T had proouced too few coins. To wive his enlly regular (unplated) issues,'- problem. he h MHR LOSING A SMAll mRTUM[ WHIl[ DIGGING mR A l ARG[ mRTUM[ , BIMKI[ AMD BABS GA TH[RW UP TH[ r[W ROMAN GOLD AUR[f TH[Y DID TO SAl VAG[ AMD SOUGH T OU T m CUfAPfST TRAMSPORTATIOM BACK HOM[ ···A >ORMfR SOVlfT SUBMA RINf ••• I'M ~OT ABSOLUTfLYSURI;:. BUT I Tf.IOJK 1-11;: SAID: 11= WI;: GIV); WM All YOUR PR];TIY UTILI; COI~S H[ wmlT SHOOT US OUT TH[ TORPfOO TUBf. o 46 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Antiquities & Coins ) ( Antiquities & Coins ) ( Antiquities & Coins ) HD ENTERPRISES ~ Antiquities ~ & MUSEUM-QUALITY ANCIENT ART Indian Artifacts POliCry ~ Pre-Columbian Artifacts Specializing in Greek, Roman, .. Ancient Coins ... and more! Egyptian and Etruscan ~ I3uy- Scll- Tradc- Consign Antiquities Attn: Hank Johnson P. O. Box 22082CL, Denver, CO 80222 P.O. Box 376 The Time Ph: 303-695-1301 Medfield, MA 02052-0376 Online Catalog: wwwhde-inccom Machine Co. 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Roman & Judaic Coins BYZANTINE We actively purchase dtsirable numis EARLY RUSSIAN matic books, catalogues and periodicals MEDIEVAL BALKAN in al! fields, dnd also conduct frequent auctions. Send $1 0.00 for our next cata· P.O.8. 6955. SanJOSO:. U 951S1).(i955. US .~ logue or visit ou r web site to find books e-mail: rudnik@rudnikwm for salt' listed. dnd upcoming auctions...... /'Udnik.wm qEORqE FREDERICK KOLBE P.O. Box 558 Fine Numismatic Books Burtonsville, MD 20866 P. O. Drawer 3100 · Crestline, CA 9U2S Tel; (909) 336-6527. F.u; (909) 338·6980 (301) 236-0256 -fax (301) 989-1796 email: GFK@numislitcom e-mail: BrianKriH@a ol.com web site: www.numislil.com DAVID R. SEAR ISLAMIC & INDIAN can supply autographed copies COINS of all his publications From the earliest times including the latest ti tle to the present day ROMAN COINS AND THEIR VALUES, VOL. IV Available ill December 2008 Fred B. 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Harga,n Price Ust of Ancienl Coins Dea/eu' in !lncien/ coim' .";nee 1965 M & R CQINS 11 405 S. Ha rlem Al'e. Worth, IL 60482-2003 (708) 671-0806 or (708) 430-1445 Fax (708) 636·4247 Jonathan K. Kern Co. Bachelor of Arts, Numismatics Ancient, Medieval, Early American Numismatics Specialists in NUMISMATIK Ancient, Medieval LANZ and World Coins MONCI-IEN Dr. Hu bert Lanz P.O. Box 2210 Lui tpoldblock, Maximilianspl Warden Need a constant Numismatics, LLC supply of new names for your mailings? Specialists on Coinages of Greece, Rome, the Near East, Advertise in the Early Central Asia & In dia Professional Islamic & Oriental ~ Directory! Coins Derek r .B. Warden Classical Numismatist ~ The Celator www.vcoins.coml P.o. Box 10607 P.O. Box 12 1 najafcoins Wyncote, PA 1909 5 USA Lancaster, PA 17605 e-mnil: [email protected]( TellFa x : (717) 656-8557 www.najafcoins.com Tel.lFax : 2 15-81\4-672 1 Email: Ke r ry@cela tor.com 50 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Coins ) Coins ) ( Coins ) C------"=-~ Visiting: San Francisco? AMPHORA The Silicon Valley? Pegasi Jewish ' Biblical Stanford University? NU MI S M A TI C S Greek' Roman TREASURE Ann Arbor, MI Holicong, PA Coins ' Weights Visit. .. ISLAND Classical rUllI/i.m/mists sen-ill/( begillllers film adwlI/£'I!'/ collectors Antiquities · Jewelry We carry a large inventory of Ancients as well as the largest Free Illustrated Catalogs Free illIlJlratetllist Philatelic stock in the Bay Area. availahfe UPOII request Classical Greek, Roman, TREASURE ISLA ND Byzantine, and Medieval "We wrote the book 3703 EI Camino Real Coins, Books & Antiquities on Biblical coins!" Pa lo Alto, CA 94306 P.O. Box 131040 AMPHORAt)~, (650) 855-9905 Ann Arbor, MI 48113 1.;;. P.O. Sox oos 'l email: [email protected] Phone: (734) 995·5743 ""l.. Npck,NY 10960 A NCIENT .~ RARE IMPORT S Vi _ ~ SPS!?'~~~I" Coinage of JluJaea WWW.ANCIENTlMPORTS.COM " Ancient CELTlC. ROMAN, EASTERN, BIB LI CAL. GREE K. BY2ANTlNE * Medieval SPECIALI ZING IN CELTIC COIN S " Modern Siamak Ahghari OfAN( IENT GAUl + Nu mismalist Willfam M. Rosenblum. llC Coilu of Gruk, H Ollum, P.O . Box 785 Sr/fu(id, I3YZlmlill(, elc. Linleton. CO 80 160·0785 MARC BRE ITS PR EC HER Phone: (720) 981-0785 or (303) 91()'8245 .\'pl'clu/hirIK ill Easlern COillllgf PO BOX 593 Fax: (720) 98 1·5345 P.O. Box 9667. San Jose. CA 95 1S7 GRAND MARAIS, M N 55604 E·mail: Bi ll @RoscnblUl11 coins.com leI: 408.590.48 15 fax : 408.867J)950 MARC@ANCI ENTIMPORTS.(OM www.roscnblumcoins.colll email: [email protected] Kenneth W. Dorney )'l rtemiae )'lste s. r.[ Your ad could be Threc to fOll r 8l1Ctions per year. ([lnssical Ji}umismatist Write us for FREE catalogue! ill this space for less Greek. Roman and Medi eval Coins than $30 per month! Papal Coins and Medals Ita lian and World Coin s Send your advertising message i . ti books to a targeled market of nearly 2.500 ancien t coin enthusias ts. ~ Advertise ill the .' . Professional Directory! Via A. Gi angi 4. 4789 1 Dogana O n th e Web Since 1995: REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO Call Kerry at ww w.coolcoins.com tel: + 378 90884S (7/7) 656·8557 fax : +3789721 42 P.O. Box 493362 c·mail: [email protected] or email: Redding, CA 96Q,19-3362 www.artemideaste.com [email protected] (530) 222-8207 Visit our website for our internet sale! September 2008 51 Professiona l Directory ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins ) (~ ____~ C~o~in=s~ _____) Ancien. Coins, Jean ELSEN Antiquities, Literature & ses Fils S,a, & Related Collectibles! Bought, Sold and Auctioned! o,,~ "flh~ O/J~J/ f'imtJ in II, ~ U.S. ,Im/ing in A"ri,m Coilt.! I~'m.m_ A»«;"';"" 'If rnp.ui<_ __...... /9ro. "'_'UIS All mour auction (JIUIIotIlfS, prices mlljwl lind Ill!tlllllil!l: ~1!.d i211 illtolJl!l!lil!o anjl~ bk for fr«: Oo-UHe! CELTIC, GREEK, ROMAN and HAMMERED COINS Malter & Co. Inc. WWW.ELSEN.EU 1700] Ventura HI,'d., Ste. 205, bO lighl & sold t:ndno. CA 913 16 P.O. Box 32, Hockwold, Celtic, Greek, Ro man, ~ Ph.(818)784-TIn Brandon, U. K. JP264HX Byza ntine & t-.ledie\'al coins. i Fax (8 18) 784-4726 Tel/Fax: + 44 (0) 1&42828292 1'",enUt de "["er"ueren, 65 ,,\:7 TOLl. )."REE (888) 184-2131 email: [email protected]"O.uk B· IO·tO Ilrussdl , E-mail: mike@ma1tergallc,",,-""_cu R 52 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Coins & Shows ) ( Clubs & Societies ) ( Numismatic Services ) WEISS WIN COllECTABLE SALFS 6 Women In ANCiENT'MEDiEVAL' EARLY FOREIGN Numis QUALITY COINS FOR EVERY BUDGET ~W- ltD W~N D~j, VISIT OUR TABLE AT THESE SHOWS: matics -) WI~V.W l lOW ItIOS.COM / W IN is a non Sept. l6_n_Cincinnati Numismatic Expo. profit organization dedicated to ()1IlJ~[ F.ff""X\~ 1JiRI~ &V~.lOOOX S!iE Conve,lIiorl Center. Sharon"ilie. OH rooAllOOliG~Wl. ROK~'gW.'{fll{ cctiS Oct. 11-12-Johnson Count y Numis, Society. the promotion of numismatics Community Ctr.. Lenexa. KS (Kansas Cily) among women through encour O"l, I J -1 2-Albuqucr'lue C()in Club. agement, education and network MCM Ek g ~nt" Hotel. Alhuqller'luc. NM ing . For further information, please contact Board Member Display Adver POST OFFICE BOX 400476 aI -Large, Lorraine S. Weiss, at LAS VEGAS, NY 89140 [email protected] or 973·398·0700. tising Rates Targeted directly ~®'YJ~®g Now Available for to collectors Subscription Payments of ancient and Now offering PayPal as an option you can use to conveniently pay for medieval coins your subscription, Cela tor binders, or back issues. Just send pay and antiquities. ment to: kerence@froot iernet net, and you can pay us ing t he credit card of your choice or have the monies automat icall y deduct ed f rom 1/6 Page - $100 your checking account. Just go to our secure sit e at www.vcoi ns.com/ celator where you can use Paypol or your Visa/Mast ercard. 1/3 Page - $175 The Celator ~ 1/2 Page - $250 Full Page - $500 P.O. Box 10607, Lancaster, PA 17605 ,_ 1,.,1 (single insertion prepaid rales) Phone/Fax (717) 656-8557 ~ . Annual contract & multiple insertion Notes for Authors & Contributors discounts available All contributions to Tile Celiltor leases and rights are submitted at Call or write for more are welcome and encourilged. As the time of publication. information o r a copy of a popular journal, it is our goal to Manuscripts should be submit ~our current rate card! serve as a venue to educate and en ted in Microsoft Word format, and tertain our readers, and to provide can be sent as an e-mail attach a forum for the interchange of ment. Please contact the editor for ideas. The editor does reserve the additional information about pho " ' ~ === right to edit and/or modify any tographs and other illustrations. ~ ~ submission to insure compliance Please do not send photographs as • with our editorial poliCies. We can e-mail attachments before contact - not guarantee the publication of ing the editor first. The Celator any submission. Preference will be Manuscripts and illustrations P.O. Box 10607 given to original, previously un can also be sent to the Editor cl 0 Lancaster, PA 17605-0607 published material, but previously The Cdntor, P.O. Box 10607, Lan published articles, etcetera are caster, PA 17605-0607 or TellFax (717) 656·8557 welcome provided the proper re- [email protected]. Email: [email protected] Seplember 2008 53 Club & Society Directory Ancient Coin Club Twin Cities Orange Count9 of Chicago Ancient Coin Club Meets the 4t ~ Thursday of the month OCACC at 7:30pm at Immanuel Lutheran Ancient Coin Club Church, 104 Snelling Ave., one block south of Grand Ave. in St. Paul, MN. The OCACC meets on Ihe 41h Sarurday of !he monlh from 1:3i)4:30PM 01 the foumain Valley Public For more information, please contact Library. The library i. l""ol<:d 01 17635 Lo< AllJl'lO< the Club Secretary, John l. Haer, at Str«O in Fountain Volley. Plea$< conl",,1 Bte1t Telford cago. [email protected]'s .. (909) 96S-2909 or at b"""@.socokoi"".comror details on rU'Uf<: m<:eling •. wn e: website at htlp:lltinyurl.comfw5wkn. www.socalcoins.comiOCACC.btm D.A.W.N. '7Incienl XumismaHc Denver Area World (Socie(yojWa.shinylon, 7JC Numismatists Usually meets the 3,0 SlUlday of each Meets the 1"' Friday of each month month at 2:00pm. Please join us for our at 7PM at Calvary Chapel located at 9052 W. Ken Caryl Ave near So. programs and discussions of ancient nu Ancient Coin Club Garrison Street in Littleton, Colo mismatics and history. For more infor rado. For collectors of Ancient, Me mation, please contact First Consul M ike of Los Angeles dieval and World coins. All are wel Mchalick at 301-552-2214, GENIOAVGVSTl@comca'it.netorvisit nd c.2ID..e.LCall Bill Rosenblum at 720- Meets the 2 Sun da y of the 981-0785 for fu rther informati on. hnp:/lansw.ancients.info. month at lpm at the Town H all in the Balboa Mission Shopping Center in Gran VlINCOUVERlINCIENT ada Hills, CA. For more in COINCI,UB formation, p lease v isit nlC Vancouvcr, BCAncicnt Coin http: //www.accla,org. Club usually meets thc third Sun day of each month from 2-4 pm at the McGill Branch of the Burnaby Library. 4595 Albert San Francisco Ancient Street, Burnaby. nea r Will ingdon and Hastings. For Numismatic Society more informati on, conUlct Paul Meets the 2nd Saturday of each at 604-3 14-4976 or email month at 2: lSpm at Fort Ma son, San Francisco. Guests are welcome. For further infonna Classical Numismatic Ass.,ci~ti.,,, of DeNc~tet> tioo, please contact the club at Society of the D'1z~"ti"e C.,lIectors [email protected]. Delaware Valley Meets Saturday Noon at major events: Meets the 2 .... Saturday of each January NYINC, Spring CSNS, Sum mer ANA, with guest speaker and month at 1:OOpm at Camden PAN - The Pacific mutual display of treasures. Annual County Library, IS MacArthur dues are $10. Contact the Empress at Ancient Numismatists Blvd., Westmont, NJ 08 108 . For [email protected]. Dues to ADBC, Meets the 2nd Sunday information, please cal! Dick P.O. Box 585, Okemos, MI 48805- of the month at 1: OOpm Shultz at (856) 667-0346. 0585; (517) 349-0799. ~ P4 al the Bellevue Public Library in Bellevue, ~.N WA. For further infor- Wayne G. Sayles , mation write to PAN at Ancient Coin Executive Director P.O. Box 1384, Langley, WA 417-679-2142 98260. www. pnna.org/pan Collectors Guitd http://www.accg.us P.o. Box 911 Dues are $35 per year. please Join a Club & Enjoy Gainesville, MO 65655 send to ACCG. P.O. Box 911. Your Hobby Even More! Gainesville. MO 65655 54 The Gelator TNDEX OF DISPLAY A DVERTISERS Celator Classifieds AI>un. SIepI>en ...... ______... 411 ~ ...... 43. 51 Ancien! eor. Mar!t~ tACM.l) __ .... __ ...... 44 Rates: SS.OO for the first 20 words, 20e each additional word. Ancien!I~ ...... 51 Anllqua Inc _____ •.• _•.•. 10 Anllquarius .... 47 ST ILt LOOKING for a special book .-OR SA LE: 1.000+ Ancie nt. Medi ApoIooiII Ancient Art ...... ,...... ,...... ,., 47 on ancient or foreign coins? Please visit eval and World Coins and medals at M ...... Asl1 l ,r,1 ...... 29. 51 An. Prim~'110 ...... '7 our website: www.vandcrdusscn.coill. www.civitasga IJcries.co m. We also A $ta,,~ S.A ...... " ...... , , ...... 26 Van der Du ssen - Numismatic Books, buy co llections. Pl ease offer: 608- Bay Slate Coi<1 Show 36 836- 1777 . I 0/08) 6 ~------~ September 2008 55 Frank Kovacs BUYING ancient coins of Armenia, Commagene Media, Mesopotamia, Parthia, Sophene, etc. individual rarities or collections wanted Fair Prices - Fast Money Please contact us to discuss what you have. [email protected] 415-945-9916 PO Box 7150, Corte Madera, CA 94976 56 The Gelator .CNGCOINS.COM • COIN SHOP· GREEK - ROMAN - BYZANTINE MEDIEVAL - WORLD - BRITISH Inventory regularty updated • ELECTRONIC AUCTIONS • 24 auctions a year, featuring 300-500 lots per sa le • PRINTED AUCTIONS' View and place bids online in our printed sales • AUTOMATED WANT LISTS' Receive notifications on specific items you want as soon as they are available · no obligation • BOOK LIST' Over 150 titles on Ancient, British, an d World coins • RESEARCH· Searchable archives on over 67,000 coins we have so ld • Subscriptions are available· For our printed catalogs - consult the web site • Company Goals. Customer Service · Excellence in Research & Photography • Consignments· Accepted for the printed and e lectronic auctions • Buying. All the time · Ancient - World to 1800 - British Classical Numismatic Group, Inc Post Office Box 479 . Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17608-0479 Tel: (717) 390-9194 ' Fax: (717) 390-9978 [email protected] SINCE 1935 Your Source for Ancient and Medieval Coins AUCTIONS APPRAISALS RETAIL • 73 Years of Experience • Award Winning Catalogues • Regularly Scheduled Public Auctions as well as Mail Bid Sales conducted quarterly in the Spring, Summer, Fall & Winter. • We are interested in selling coins to collectors. Whether you are lookin g for rare coins of the highest quality or more moder ately priced coins in decent, col lectable conditi on, chances are that we can help. Our next Coin Galleries Mail Bid Sale is scheduled for December 17th, 2008. VISIT US ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB AT.' www.stacks.com NEW PURCHASES-MONTHLY OFFERINGS-AUCTION INFORMATION or e-mail usat:[email protected] IQCotn @aIlertes 123 W. 57th St.· New York, NY 10019·800-566-2580· FAX: (212) 245-5018 P.O. Box 1804· Wolfeboro, NH 03894·866-811-1804· FAX: (603) 569-3875 ry. Hcnily illo.1O .. l«1 and de Foeg has an amazing eye for coins, Berlin, Paris, london, Vienna, and St. lailoo.1. 001'. Hardbound .•._ ... WAS $55.00 NOW S49.00 along with a gift lor accurately describ Petersburg. Most ot the important Eu "[Itt RI/llm !a moon CoUrstiou _ MQm lllia Crtsllytt AntinllSS rl l mofria!n R !IID!!illH ing what he sees. As a result, this book, ropean and American coin dealers who A m.jor ... r<: ... ",,~ ",,1I=i..... Four hoge \'010"," be,oli· like one of his churches, is filled with a handle Byzantine gold are also here. rully bound in hank"'·.. . Sold for S285. For . limiu:d unique light. Sale catalogs as far back as 1887 are I",... ,.•• can offer 01 .•..•...... •....•..•....•....•.... SI99.00 FOeg spent some 20 years compil referenced. The cutoff date was De ing the book: the kind of meticulous cember 2005. Once I located the table WE STOCK OVER 3000 TITLES labor of love that only a truly dedicat of abbreviati ons, I was able to research ON NUMISMATICS Li,1 "f 500 lilies ,v,ilable. SASE ill U.S.: 'K\C Loon;( ed collector could ever create. One of the earlier history (pre .... ious ly un for C""",b: one Eul'<) Worldwide indL>