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Communications of the Acm COMMUNICATIONS CACM.ACM.ORG OF THEACM 12/2015 VOL.58 NO.12 What Makes Paris Look Like Paris? Personalizing Maps How to De-Identify Data Internet Use and Psychological Well-Being Association for Computing Machinery An ACM-W Celebration! An ACM-W Celebration! Delta City Centre Ottawa, ON DeltaCanada City Centre Ottawa, ON Canada JANJAN 22 22 - 23- 23 20162016 CanadianCanadian Celebration Celebration ofof WomenWomen in in Computing Computing 2016 2016 Come celebrate with us at the largest gathering of Women in Computing in Canada! Come celebrateThe conference with us will at feature the largest prominent gathering keynote of speakers, Women panels,in Computing workshops, in Canada! The conferencepresentations will feature and prominent posters, as keynote well as aspeakers, large career panels, fair. workshops, presentations and posters, as well as a large career fair. Register today! www.can-cwic.ca Register today! www.can-cwic.ca INSPIRING MINDS FOR 200 YEARS Ada’s Legacy illustrates the depth and diversity of writers, things, and makers who have been inspired by Ada Lovelace, the English mathematician and writer. The volume commemorates the bicentennial of Ada’s birth in December 1815, celebrating her many achievements as well as the impact of her work which reverberated widely since the late 19th century. This is a unique contribution to a resurgence in Lovelace scholarship, thanks to the expanding influence of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. ACM Books is a new series of high quality books for the computer science community, published by the Association for Computing Machinery with Morgan & Claypool Publishers. COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM Departments News Viewpoints 5 Editor’s Letter 24 The Profession of IT On Lethal Autonomous Weapons Why Our Theories of Innovation Fail Us By Moshe Y. Vardi Until we moderate our fascination with creating ideas, we will not achieve 7 Cerf’s Up the rate of innovations we seek. Advancing the ACM Agenda By Peter J. Denning and Nicholas Dew By Vinton G. Cerf 27 Computing Ethics 8 Letters to the Editor Coupled Ethical-Epistemic What About Statistical Analysis in Teaching Ethics Relational Learning? Critical reflection on value choices. By Nancy Tuana 10 BLOG@CACM What Do We Do When the Jobs 30 Kode Vicious Are Gone, and Why We Must 15 Pickled Patches Embrace Active Learning On repositories of patches and Moshe Y. Vardi ponders the outlook 12 When Data Is Not Enough tension between security professionals for people when all work is Reproducibility of code and in-house developers. automated, while Mark Guzdial is increasingly crucial to By George V. Neville-Neil emphasizes the importance verifying scientific claims. of active learning in teaching By Don Monroe 33 Broadening Participation computer science. Increasing the Participation 15 The Hyper-Intelligent Bandage of Individuals with Disabilities 31 Calendar Scientists are developing in Computing smart, sensor-packed dressings Lessons learned from 122 Careers to help heal chronic wounds. a decade of practice. By Gregory Mone By Richard E. Ladner and Sheryl Burgstahler Last Byte 17 Technology Brings Online Education in Line with Campus Programs 37 Viewpoint 136 Q&A Whether sitting in front of a screen Creating a New Generation Redefining Architectures or in a classroom, online and of Computational Thinkers Mary Jane Irwin on building campus-based institutions want Experiences with a successful advanced circuits, special processors, to verify students actually attend school program in Scotland. and a hardware description classes, take exams. By Jeremy Scott and Alan Bundy language, while advocating for By Keith Kirkpatrick women in computer science. 41 Viewpoint By Leah Hoffmann I Can’t Let You Do That, Dave Viewpoints Computers should not treat their owners as adversaries. About the Cover: 20 Historical Reflections By Cory Doctorow Is it possible for a The Digital Dark Age computer to distinguish a major city by its visual …and why it will have to wait. 43 Point/Counterpoint essence? Through the By David Anderson The Case for Banning Killer Robots use of Google Street View imagery, this Ban the bots? Considering both sides month’s cover story of the argument for and against. illustrates how the identifying look of a city By Stephen Goose/Ronald Arkin does not rely on famous landmarks but rather stylistic elements of daily life. Cover collage by Iwona Usakiewicz/ Andrij Borys Associates/Shutterstock. SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF THE NATIONAL COURTESY IMAGE 2 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM | DECEMBER 2015 | VOL. 58 | NO. 12 12/2015 VOL. 58 NO. 12 Practice Contributed Articles Review Articles 94 Internet Use and Psychological Well-Being: Effects of Activity and Audience The connection between online communication and psychological well-being depends on whom you are communicating with. By Robert Kraut and Moira Burke Research Highlights 102 Technical Perspective Paris Beyond Frommer’s 48 86 By Noah Snavely 48 How to De-Identify Your Data 68 Personalizing Maps 103 What Makes Paris Look Like Paris? Balancing statistical accuracy Digital maps can be engineered to By Carl Doersch, Saurabh Singh, and subject privacy in large adapt to a person’s unique interests Abhinav Gupta, Josef Sivic, social-science datasets. and experience in geographic space. and Alexei A. Efros By Olivia Angiuli, Joe Blitzstein, By Andrea Ballatore and Jim Waldo and Michela Bertolotto Watch the authors discuss their work in this exclusive 56 Lean Software Development— Communications video. Building and Shipping Two Versions http://cacm.acm.org/ Watch the authors discuss videos/what-makes-paris- Catering to developers’ strengths their work in this exclusive look-like-paris while still meeting team objectives. Communications video. http://cacm.acm.org/ By Kate Matsudaira videos/personalizing-maps 111 Technical Perspective In-Situ Database Management 59 Challenges of Memory Management 75 Propositions as Types By David Maier on Modern NUMA Systems Connecting mathematical logic Optimizing NUMA systems and computation, it ensures 112 NoDB: Efficient Query Execution applications with Carrefour. that some aspects of programming on Raw Data Files By Fabien Gaud, Baptiste Lepers, are absolute. By Ioannis Alagiannis, Justin Funston, Mohammad Dashti, By Philip Wadler Renata Borovica-Gajic, Alexandra Fedorova, Vivien Quéma, Miguel Branco, Stratos Idreos, Renaud Lachaize, and Mark Roth 86 Smart Data Pricing: Using Economics and Anastasia Ailamaki to Manage Network Congestion Articles’ development led by Economic incentives that alleviate queue.acm.org congestion for Internet customers can also improve business performance for network operators. By Soumya Sen, Carlee Joe-Wong, Sangtae Ha, and Mung Chiang Association for Computing Machinery Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession IMAGES BY FREEBIRD PHOTOS; JOHN LUND FREEBIRD PHOTOS; BY IMAGES DECEMBER 2015 | VOL. 58 | NO. 12 | COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 3 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM Trusted insights for computing’s leading professionals. Communications of the ACM is the leading monthly print and online magazine for the computing and information technology fields. Communications is recognized as the most trusted and knowledgeable source of industry information for today’s computing professional. Communications brings its readership in-depth coverage of emerging areas of computer science, new trends in information technology, and practical applications. Industry leaders use Communications as a platform to present and debate various technology implications, public policies, engineering challenges, and market trends. The prestige and unmatched reputation that Communications of the ACM enjoys today is built upon a 50-year commitment to high-quality editorial content and a steadfast dedication to advancing the arts, sciences, and applications of information technology. ACM, the world’s largest educational STAFF EDITORIAL BOARD ACM Copyright Notice and scientific computing society, delivers Copyright © 2015 by Association for resources that advance computing as a DIRECTOR OF GROUP PUBLISHING EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Computing Machinery, Inc. 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