Towards Our Intelligent Future
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TOWARDS OUR INTELLIGENT FUTURE TOWARDS TE ARA MŌ TĀTOU ATAMAI O ĀPŌPŌ ATAMAI TE ARA MŌ TĀTOU towards our AN AI ROADMAP FOR NEW ZEALAND AN AI ROADMAP intelligent future Te ara mō tātou atamai o āpōpō TE HUARAHI ATAMAI IAHIKO Ō AOTEAROA IAHIKO ATAMAI TE HUARAHI AN AI ROADMAP FOR NEW ZEALAND TE HUARAHI ATAMAI IAHIKO Ō AOTEAROA aiforum.org.nz FIGURE 1: Towards Our Intelligent Future towards our intelligent future #intelligentfutureNZ 01 PART A: 1. Understanding and Explaining AI An AI Roadmap 2. Recent AI Developments for New Zealand 3. An AI Roadmap For New Zealand PART B: 4. Research Enabling AI 5. Trusted, Accessible Data 6. Talent, Skills and Capability Adoption in 7: AI Ethics, Regulation and Society New Zealand 8: AI Readiness and Investment Version 1.01 / 09.19 02 TOWARDS OUR INTELLIGENT FUTURE About the AI Forum of New Zealand THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FORUM OF NEW ZEALAND IS A NON- GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION WITH A MISSION TO HARNESS THE POTENTIAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) TO HELP BRING ABOUT A PROSPEROUS AND INCLUSIVE FUTURE NEW ZEALAND. The rapid development of AI technologies presents major opportunities and challenges for our country: from creating world leading AI businesses, nurturing a pool of talented AI engineers and applying AI technologies to our agriculture, government, manufacturing and service industries to holding a meaningful national debate on the broader implications for society, New Zealand needs to actively engage with AI now in order to secure our future prosperity. The Forum brings together citizens, business, academia and the government to connect, promote and advance the AI ecosystem to help ensure a prosperous New Zealand. Acknowledgments Partners The AI Forum of New Zealand would like to The many staff from our project partners and AI Forum acknowledge the following contributors: working groups and members who took time to provide Ben Reid (AI Forum NZ), Matt Boyd (Adapt Research), in depth reviews and feedback throughout the process. Anna and Kelly Pendergrast (Antistatic), Tony Greaves Thank you to the many organisations that supported (Eltanin), Monica Collier, Meredith Jeory and Liam the research financially and by providing case studies. Landon (IDC New Zealand), for compiling local New Zealand case study interviews and research. Hayden Please download a free digital copy of the e-report Glass (Sapere). Louise Taylor and Matt Bartlett from the AI Forum website, www.aiforum.org.nz (Simpson Grierson), Frith Tweedie (EY Law) for contributing to sections on AI, Law and Regulation. Graeme Muller, Chantal Thomas, Frances Barrett, Andrea Molloy (NZTech) and Martyn Rivett (Propeller). Steven McCleery and Kylie Ormsby at MOSHA for design and digital publishing. Megan Tapsell (ANZ) for supporting our Te Reo translations. 03 Completing our name Te Kāhui Atamai Iahiko o Aotearoa Since our last report was released in 2018, we have formally adopted a name in Te Reo Māori: Te Kāhui Atamai Iahiko o Aotearoa. Kāhui = a formal way to describe a group, Iahiko commission etc. = electrical current Atamai = intelligence The coining of the name was led by Dr Valance We hope that the words Atamai Iahiko, Smith, Assistant Pro Vice Chancellor of Māori which share initials with Artificial Intelligence, Advancement at the Auckland University of are used widely across Aotearoa. Technology, with support from Tina Wilson of New In addition, Dr Smith also translated Zealand Trade and Enterprise (NZTE) and Megan the AI Forum vision, ‘Harnessing the Tapsell of ANZ, who is also an advisor to the AI power of AI for a prosperous, inclusive Forum’s Māori Engagement Subcommittee. and thriving future New Zealand.’ Developing the name was a journey, in large part Tahuna te rama o te Atamai Iahiko kia because there was no translation of the concept of mārama ai te ara o tōnui, o whakawhāiti, Artificial Intelligence to use as a starting point. In Te o momoho mō Aotearoa o āpōpō. Reo, words aren’t always direct English translations, but rather aim to encapsulate the essence of the "Ignite the torch of AI to throw light upon message and be consistent with Te Ao Māori the path of prosperity, of inclusiveness, of – the Māori worldview. Other translations were success for the Aotearoa of tomorrow." considered for the word ‘artificial’, but the team felt that Electrical Intelligence best described the concept of AI, and has a better chance of adapting as the way AI is defined changes over time. 04 TOWARDS OUR INTELLIGENT FUTURE Contents What About the Robot Overlords? ............................... 26 About the AI Forum AI Realities ......................................................................... 27 of New Zealand ..................................02 Everyday AI – What Does this Look Like Acknowledgements ............................................ 02 in the Real World? ...............................................................27 Partners .................................................................. 02 The Components of Machine Learning ...................... 30 Machine Learning Considerations ................................ 30 Completing Our Name: Te Kāhui Neural Networks and Deep Learning ............................31 Atamai Iahiko o Aotearoa.................03 Machine Learning Frameworks .......................................32 AI as a Service .......................................................................33 Towards Our Intelligent Future: An AI Forum Research Project ........09 Introduction: AI Forum of New Zealand.............. 10 CASE STUDY: Foreword: Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment ...........................................11 Financial Services, Xtracta Key Highlights .....................................12 34 Executive Summary ...........................15 Towards Our Intelligent Future .......................... 15 New Zealand Shouldn't Wait for a National AI Strategy ............................................. 16 CASE STUDY: Aligning AI with New Zealand's Objectives .... 16 Customer Services, Ambit Introduction to AI in a Māori Context ............... 19 Call to Action ......................................................... 20 35 1. Understanding and Explaining AI .... 2. Recent AI Developments ......................36 International AI Developments ..................................... 36 Technological Advances ...................................................36 The Chips are up ..................................................................37 PART A: Quantum AI Arriving Soon? ..............................................38 An AI Roadmap for Future AI Trends ...................................................................38 Vast AI Investment And Concentration New Zealand of AI Superpowers ...............................................................39 AI Investment by Governments ........................................41 Explosive Market Growth ..................................................42 AI For Good ............................................................................43 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .............43 Google: AI For Social Good ........................................... 44 21 Microsoft: AI For Earth .................................................... 45 Solving Climate Change With AI .....................................46 23 Movement Towards Regulation of AI ............................47 Crescendo If AI Ethics ........................................................49 The Newest General Purpose Technology ................ 23 Approaches to AI .................................................................26 New Zealand AI Developments .................................... 54 Narrow vs General AI ..........................................................26 Policy Developments ..........................................................54 05 Ecosystem Advances ......................................................... 56 Transport ............................................................................ 84 Investment ..............................................................................58 Reducing Deaths from Road Accidents .......................84 Inactivity in the Last 12 Months .......................................59 Conservation..................................................................... 85 Improving Productivity for Wilding Conifer Management ..........................................................85 CASE STUDY: Call to Action – AI Roadmap Next Steps ....................86 Customer Service, UNEEQ 60 PART B: Enabling AI Adoption in New Zealand CASE STUDY: Banking and Finance, ANZ 61 87 3. An AI Roadmap for New Zealand ........62 Placing AI in a New Zealand Context .......................... 62 4. Research ..................................................88 Wellbeing.................................................................................62 Examples of AI Research in New Zealand ...................91 Wellbeing Indicators ............................................................64 Fundamental and Applied AI Research ........................91 Māori Wellbeing ............................................................... 65 Government Initiatives ........................................................91 Sustainable Development .............................................. 65 Universities .............................................................................93 New Zealand Sustainability Goals .................................65 Industry ..................................................................................