302 EXTENSIONS· OF REMARKS January 7, 1969 Hammam, Sonia Hammam, Mona Hamma.m, Latife Hassan Mahmoud; to the Committee dolph M. Martinez; to -the Committee on and Magda. Hammam; to the Committee on on the Judiciary. the Judiciary. the Judiciary. By Mr. TEAGUE of : H.R .. 2483. A bill for the relief o! Jamshed By Mr. McFALL: H.R. 2469. A bill for the relief of Danilo Dhunijisha Mavalwala; ·tO the Committee on H.R. 2458. A bill for the relief of Frank J. Magadia Aguila; to the Committee on the the Judiciary. Enright; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. H.R. 2484. A bill for the relief of Francisco By Mr. MORSE: · H .R. 2470. A bill for the relief of Manuel J. Moreno-Santa Cruz; to the Committee ·on H.R. 2459. A bill for the relief of Maria Vicent; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Judiciary. H.R. 2485. A bill for the relief of Amos E. Signorello; to the Committee on the Ju­ H.R. 2471. A .bill for the relief of James B. diciary. Norby; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Billingsley; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 2486. A b111 for the relief of Atanasio By Mr. OLSEN: ciary. H.R. 2460. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Basi­ Perez; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 2472. A bill for the relief of Klaudiusz H.R. 2487. A bill for the relief of Rene llsa F. Gomez; to the Committee on the Blaszak; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. Paulo Rohden-Sobrlnho; to the Committee H.R. 2473. A bill for the relief of Antonio on the Judiciary. By Mr. PODELL: Boluna; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 2461. A bill for the relief of Mabel H.R. 2488. A bill for the relief of Shahzadeh Alice Bennett; to the Committee on the H .R. 2474. A bill for the relief of Lt. Col. Shiri; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. Burdon L. Davidson; to the Committee on the H.R. 2489. A bill for the relief or! Perla Judiciary. H.R. 2462. A bill for the relief of Rosalia Janolino Ty; to the Committee on the Palacano Di Pietro; to the Committee on the H.R. 2475. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Judiciary. Judiciary. Hannah W. Davidson; to the Committee on H.R. 2490. A bill for the relief of Jesus H.R. 2463. A bill for the relief of Chalom the Judiciary. Vasquez-Rivas; to the Committee on the Elbaz, his wife, Esther Elbaz, and their four H.R. 2476. A bill for the relief of Erna Judiciary. minor children, Annette Elbaz, Jacob Elbaz, Maria Deml; to the Committee on the Ju­ H.R. 2491. A bill for the relief of Paul A. Meyer Elbaz, and Mokhlouf Elbaz; to the diciary. Vieira; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 2477. A bill for the relief of Comdr. By Mr. UTT: John N. Green, U.S. Navy; to the Committee H.R. 2492. A bill for the relief of Herta By Mr. REUSS: Margarete Helene Monden; to the Committee H.R. 2464. A bill for the relief of Elisabeta on the Judiciary. Horwath; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 2478. A bill for the relief of William on the Judiciary. N. Hilton; to the Committee on the Judi­ By Mr. ZION: H.R. 2465. A bill for the relief of Antonio H.R. 2493. A bill for the relief of Mieczys­ Garcia Sola; to the Committee on the Judi­ ciary. H .R. 2479. A bill for the relief of Adelajda law J. Gurne and his wife, Daniela Gurne, ciary. and their child, Ewa D. Gurne; to the Com­ By Mr. ROONEY of : Komarnicka-Smieja; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on the Judiciary. H.R. 2466. A bill for the relief of Rocco By Mr. CELLER: Esposito; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 2480. A bill for the relief of Comdr. H . Res. 101. Resolution to refer the bill (H.R. ciary. Joe R. Lacy; to the Committee on the Ju­ 2217) entitled "A bill for the relief of Joseph H.R. 2467. A bill for the relief of Giuseppe diciary. W. Harris," to the Chief Commissioner of Randazzo; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 2481. A bill for the relief of Comdr. the Court of Claims pursuant to sections ciary. John W. McCord; to the Committee on the 1492 and 2509 of title 28, Code, By Mr. SLACK: Judiciary. as amended; to the Committee on the H.R. 2468. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H.R. 2482. A bill for the relief of Ran- Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS IT'S HAPPY BIRTHDAY FOR it possible for those of limited income with businessmen who have put it to work. MEMPHIS to become homeowners. This project, One of the quotations say it this way: Housing Opportunity, Memphis Enter­ "Large companies are determining that Memphis is a logical location because it lies prises-HOME-sponsored by civic and between Atlanta and Dallas and can serve HON. DAN KUYKENDALL business leaders is already constructing the Southeast and the Southwest as op­ OF TENNESSEE in excess of 100 homes, many of them posed to having two distribution centers­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES already occupied by low-income families. one in Dallas and one in Atlanta." Tuesday, January 7, 1969 Memphis is known around the world We have a distinctive advantage in the for its contributions to . Our Mississippi River location and we are using it Mr. KUYKENDALL. Mr. Speaker, I hospital complex and medical research more all the time. River traffic has reached would· like to take this opportunity to facilities are second to none. The con­ the level that means a towboat, pushing an invite my colleagues and the people of average of 10 barges, coming into Memphis tributions of those engaged in this field at the rate of one for each hour of day and America to come to Memphis, Tenn., this are already giving new life and new hope night. year and help us celebrate our 150th an­ to sufferers of leukemia, cancer, and As the year ended the Little Rock Pine niversary. Memphis' Sesquicentennial other diseases. Bluff bends of the Arkansas River were added Year was kicked off yesterday with first Yes, it is happy birthday to Memphis. to the towboat routes. day ceremonies for the sesquicentennial We will be celebrating all year. You will In contrast with the oldest form of trans­ medallion. We were honored to have portation we have a modern airport where find a visit to Memphis rewarding, en­ the biggest problem is expanding runways as our guest for this historic occasion, joyable, and I predict that many who Miss Eva Adams, Director of the U.S. and terminal space as fast as business flies come for a visit will do as thousands of in. Mint. others have done, stay permanently. New industrial plants continue to flower It is my privilege to represent the The following editorial and news arti­ in the favorable climate of the Mid-South. greater part of Memphis, a city which cle from the Memphis Commercial Ap­ Two of the big ones are the Goodyear tire has played a leading role in the history peal tell a little of the Memphis story: plant at Union City, Tenn., and announce­ of our country for a century and a half. ment of an agrochemical plant for the CIBA We are a looking community MEMPHIS PACE QUICKENS Corp. in De Soto County, Miss. where progress has been a hallmark. Memphis comes into its sesquicentennial What these new plants mean in pay rolls year on a fast rising tide of business through­ and the fl.ow of cash takes on a multiplied Like all metropolitan areas, we have out the huge area it serves. importance when we examine the expansions our problems, but thanks to the Memphis Summaries published today in The Com­ of operations which have flourished in Mem­ spirit of cooperation and neighborli­ mercial Appeal's Business and Industrial Re­ phis area conditions. An addition is less spec­ ness we are making tremendous strides view bring together accomplishments of 1968. tacular than a new plant, but it may bring in solving them. Industry is finding The scorecard is impressive for its own sake a larger impact on business. One instance ls the Ivers & Pond Piano Co., the 's Memphis a good place to locate because and for the momentum with which the new of the availability of a reservoir of the largest piano. manufacturer, which put a year starts. branch in Memphis and then moved head­ finest type of workers. We are a city of One of the brightest parts of the picture is quarters here. Another is the Goodyear plant, beautiful homes and we are now making development of Memphis as the distribution which aimed for daily production of 17 ,500 concentrated efforts to improve the center for the South. Full use of the city's tires and shifted to 30,000 before the original homes of all our people. We were the potential in position and in superior trans­ plant was complete. first city in the Nation to establish and portation is beginning to appear, as a story by In the heart of the region, Memphis and put into operation a program to make Louis Silver points out through interviews Shelby County residents got almost 3,500 January 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 303 new apartments and more than 3,000 new will be issued for use by anyone who will main stream of this incredible century, now homes during the year, despite difficult con­ wear them-band and athletic team mem­ two-thirds consumed. ditions in the mortgage money market. bers including the Memphis Blues, service Whatever their nam~. their nation, their Beyond the promise of 1968 accomplish­ station attendants, and hotel and motel identities--these three men represent an ments for 1969, we have something special porters. achievement for all men. at work in the four million dollars put into Wurzburg Bros. will produce the sesqui­ AB a nation, it might be well for us to the Greater Memphi..; Program of the Mem­ centennial symbol suitable for affixing to consider new opportunities and challenges phis Area Chamber of Commerce. It is a almost any surface. for these lunar astronauts. higher level of effort than ever before under­ The Tennessee Poetry Society is organizing These men should not be asked to take taken in this 150-year-old city. the publication of a 2,000-copy of an anthol­ more !mch risks. Gratefully, we (as a na­ ogy of poems by Memphis poets during the tion) should disqualify them from further IT'S HAPPY BmTHDAY TIME IN MEMPHIS year-long celebration. space service-they have done enough. Memphis began celegrating its 150th Secondly, these heroic men should be given birthday last Tuesday night and the city's a new assignment-to rove this planet east drum-beating outfit-Memphis Sesquicen­ and west, north and south, touching every tennial, Inc.-is busy in generating interest land, touching every people. By their hero­ in the Bluff City on a national scale. AMBASSADORS OF GOOD WILL ism these men have become uniquely quali­ One of the organization's first efforts was fied to become permanent Amba!Ssadors At to ask about 200 cities to send Memphis Large for the great free nation that is their congratulatory birthday candles. Most of HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK homeland. those received reflect something of the char­ OF OHIO Let them go everywhere-of course with acter of the donor city. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their families-and report back instantly to Detroit's modernistic candle bears the President Nixon, the Congress and the Amer­ motif of the gears of industry. Jersey City Tuesday, January 7, 1969 ican people. Let them tell others what we are sent a replica of the Statue of Liberty which like and, most important of all, what we Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on Fri­ want to be. is located in New York Harbor opposite the day, January 3, I inserted in the CON­ city. Tucson sent a Saguara can­ GRESSIONAL RECORD an article describing dle, representing one of the nation's few liv­ ing national monuments. the Christmas message of the three as­ From Huntsville, Ala., came a rocket­ tronauts in which they read the first 10 FACULTY RESPONSIBILITY shaped candle. Dayton's contribution is verses from Genesis and which included more unusual-a walnut plaque, bearing Borman's prayer for peace. How a blue candle, representative of sky and many people in various nations around HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL space, and a gilded reproduction of the the world watched the satellite transmis­ OF ILLINOIS Wright Brother's first airplane. sion of this inspiring episode is hard to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dubbed the "World's Champion Candle" estimate. However, the press of the world is the one manufactured for Kansas City Tuesday, January 7, 1969 by Hallmark Cards of that city. This three­ brought to countless millions the account foot candle is a work of art, containing 18 of the :flight of Apollo 8. in its breathless Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, now that stained glass windows and covered with an trip around the moon. This epic adven­ the holidays are over and students are intricate, antique filigree. It took four artists ture must have struck a chord of admira­ flocking back to college campuses all over four months to make the candle. Pictures of tion in the hearts of many throughout the country I suppose we should brace the Kansas City effort, with a story about the world, as three courageous Ameri­ ourselves for another rash of demonstra­ the Memphis anniversary celebration, have cans dared to enter regions never before tions and other "tomfoolery" which was appeared in 215 newspapers. traveled by denizens of earth. so prevalent during the fall term. For months, the Memphis Sesquicenten­ Record, of Wooster, Ohio, in One aspect of these incidents which nial group has been receiving adv~nce or· ders from all over the country for the Mem• an editorial on December 28, 1968, ad­ has been so disturbing to me is the at­ phis Sesquicentennial Medallion which Con· vanced a proposal with a people-to­ titude and actions of many faculty mem­ gress authorized to be struck by the United people theme which certainly has merit: bers who have aided and abetted a small States Mint at Philadelphia, Pa. This is the Secondly, these heroic men should be given minority of so-called students in their first medal of its size-larger than a sliver a new assignment-to rove this planet east disruptive tactics. This point is the sub­ dollar-to be struck on the mint's coin press. and west, north and south, touching every ject of an excellent editorial appearing After an initial production of 10,000 silver land, touching every people. By their heroism in the December 19, 1968, edition of the medallions, a second silver run of 10,000 will these men have become uniquely qualified Peoria Journal Star, entitled "Faculty be ordered if demand warrants. Continued to become permanent Ambassadors At Large Responsibility" and I include the edi­ demand will be filled with up to 80,000 for the great free nation that ls their home­ torial in the RECORD at this point: bronze medallions. This will be the sesqui­ land. centennial's prime fund-raising projects. FACULTY RESPONSmILITY Issuing of a W. C. Handy commemorative To be sure, we now have a unique op­ We wonder how much of the "student re­ stamp by the Post Office Department will portunity to impress upon peoples of the bellion" we see at so many colleges today is be a major accomplishment this year. Ses­ free world the realization that the United really faculty inspired. quicentennial officials look on the stamps as States is forward moving in the realm of Over and over the news reports mention generating more publicity for Memphis al­ science while maintaining the religious splits in the faculty when the students are though Uncle Sam gets the revenue from up in arms. Sometimes the whole dispute stamp sales. tenets of the past. Surely, sincere people arises from a faculty decision in regard to As many as 500,000 first day covers bearing the world over can be shown that Ameri­ the dismissal of a teacher. And there is a the stamp and postmarked in Memphis will can military men are sincere in praying ~triking similarity between what we hear stu­ be sold on the day the stamp is issued. No­ for peace for they make the greatest dents saying about "student rights" and table figures from the music and entertain­ sacrifices in war. Finally, the presence of what some young teachers are saying about ment worlds are expected here for the first our astronauts among peoples of free na­ "academic rights." day ceremonies. tions would stress perhaps most poig­ We have the feeling that there is a much The stamp, which honors W. C. Handy as nantly the hope of the United States for larger connection than the one which meets "The Father of the Blues,'' will be the first the eye between "student unrest" and the United States postage stamp honoring a con­ a peaceful conquest of space, but that we vicious in-fighting over professional stand­ temporary form of music, the first recog­ have no intention of succumbing to mili­ ing which has to be taking place in some nizing a composer of such music, the first in tantly atheistic ideologies here on earth. faculties. honor of a Negro musician and composer and I include the editorial, "Borman, An example of the kind of private back­ the fifth to honor a Negro. Lovell, Anders Deserve Ambassador Sta­ biting which goes on in some faculties came Millions of persons this year will see the tus," from the Daily Record, of Wooster, out of MIT last week when it was revealed official sesquicentennial mural in color-2%, Ohio, in the RECORD at this point: that Walt Whitman Rostow, after having inches by 8% inches-on the back of busi­ served the nation as the key foreign policy ness envelopes. Tension Envelope Corp. com­ BORMAN, LoVELL, ANDERS DESERVE AMBASSA• advisor to President Johnson, could not get missioned the envelope with the cooperation DOR STATUS his teaching job back. The story was that of about 200 Memphis lithographers, print­ The three Men From Earth who first went MIT's faculty committees decided they ers and paper houses. The pa.per will come around the moon, seeking where no man couldn't fit him back in. from a Tennessee mill. had ever sought before, are the sons of a Such a conclusion is beyond normal under­ As many as 10 million envelopes may be highly creative planet. standing. It makes some sense if you realize manufactured. Almost every nook and cranny, every isle that great jealousies exist over the top A sesquicentennial patch, embroidered in and continent, has contributed work, ideas teaching jobs in the nation, now that the color for wearing on uniform.:; and blazers, and techniques which have blended into the pay has become lucrative and the positions 304 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 7, 1969 have become stepping stones to public ac­ electing the President of the United which have underscored the development claim and governmental recognition. It States, I should like to call to the atten­ of our great Nation. There have been makes even more sense 1f you know that many sources of great inspiration for all great power over who will teach and who tion of my colleagues the following edi­ won't teach at a particular university has torial which appeared in the Long Island Americans, and I include in the CON­ been vested in the hands of faculty com­ Press for December 27, 1968. GRESSIONAL RECORD three statements mittees rather than the university admin­ The editorial succinctly states the leg­ which have meant much to us through istration. islation which I am sponsoring, along the years. What we seem to be witnessing now in the with my colleagues, Mr. SIKES, of Florida; They are "An American," by that great inability of so many college administrations Mr. MATSUNAGA, of ; and Mr. statesman and legislator, Daniel Web­ and boards of trustees to settle disputes with ster; "The American's Creed" by a for­ students must be due in some measure to WOLFF, of New York. the diminishing of power at the top as a The editorial follows: mer Clerk of the U.S. House of Repre­ result of the transfer of so much authority ' ELECTORAL REFORM sentatives, William Tyler Page; and the to slow-acting faculty committees and the As the Electoral College last week exer­ "Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag," au­ rise of some teachers to positions of prom­ cised its quadrennial function by ratifying thored by Francis Bellamy: inence far above that which normally at­ Richard Nixon's election as President, it AN AMERICAN taches to their jobs. vividly displayed one of its dangerous de­ (By Dani~l Webster) It is possible today at Bradley University, fects. for example, for a young teacher to start his One of the North Carolina electors, chosen I was born an American; I will live an teaching "career" as an "advisor" to a mili­ by voters who preferred Richard Nixon, dis­ American. I shall die an American; and I tant student group and by concentrating on regarded their wishes and cast his vote for intend to perform the duties incumbent this "extra-curricular" activity become over­ George C. Wallace. It was quite legal under upon me in that character to the end of my night one of the most "prominent" members the Constitution, which ls another com­ career. I mean to do this with absolute dis­ of the faculty (at least in the eyes of the pelling reason for amending the Constitu­ regard of personal consequences. What are students he leads) . When the young teacher tional procedure for electing the President. the personal consequences? What is the indi­ is told that the university is unhappy with The system also permits a candidate to win vidual man, with all the good or evil that may his teaching, the stage is clearly set for a a majority of the electoral votes, and thus betide him, in comparison with the good or "student rebellion." the Presidency, while receiving a minority evil which may befall a great country, and It ls possible, given to conditions which of the popular vote. And by requiring a ma­ in the midst of great transactions which con­ exist on so many campuses today, for a jority in the electoral college, the system cern that country's fate? Let the conse­ teacher or a group of teachers to "use" the makes possible a deadlock, with the choice quences be what they will, I am careless. No eagerness of some students to take up any of the President thrown into the House of man can suffer too much, and no man can cause that comes down the pike. We wonder Representatives where delay and political fall too soon, if he suffer, or if he fall in how many of the "student petitions" which haggling could bring chaos down on the the defense of the liberties and constitution complain about the performance of a dean country. of his country. or university president are in reality well­ A number of new amendments are expected concealed faculty efforts to embarrass or get when the 91st Congress convenes in January. THE AMERICAN'S CREED rid of some Of the competition for advance­ One of the more interesting wlll be intro­ (By William Tyler Page) ment. duced by Louisiana Democrat Hale Boggs, Of course, we do not know how much of I believe in the United States of America majority whip. It does not eliminate all the as a government of the people, by the peo­ this kind of stuff ls taking place, but we do defects, but it ends the possibility of electors know that the growing decentralization of ple, for the people; whose just powers are ignoring the desires of the voters and derived from the consent of the governed; authority serves to increase the incidence diminishes other potential dangers. Of it. a democracy in a Republic; a sovereign Under Rep. Bogg's plan, the President Nation of many sovereign States; a perfect Plainly, a cry of foul wlll arise from pro­ would still be selected by a tally of electoral fessional groups all over the nation when Union, one and inseparable; established votes, rather than popular votes, but the upon those principles of freedom, equality, serious steps are finally taken to reverse this electoral college itself would be abolished. A erosion of power at the 1np in the univer­ state's electoral votes--one for each Repre­ justice and humanity for which American sities. The phrase "academic freedom" will sentative and Senator it has-would go auto­ patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. ring out louder a.nd louder as teachers see matically to the Presidential candidate who I therefore believe it is my duty to my themselves being called upon to "get into won a plurality of popular votes in that state. Country to love it; to support its constitu· line" themselves in order to bring their re­ There would be no Presidential Electors who tion; to obey its laws; to respect its flag; bellious students back to their senses. could substitute their judgment for the and to defend it against all enemies. We respect "academic freedom" in the mandate of the public. And instead of re­ honest meaning of the phrase, but we have quiring a majority of electoral votes to elect PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE FLAG no use for the way it has been redefined to a President, as now, any plurality in excess (By Francis Bellamy) mean "student cheerleadlng" by some young of 40 per cent would be sufficient under the I pledge allegiance to the flag of the teachers who have no idea of the really amendment. United States of America and to the Re­ rugged in-fighting the older hands on their The amendment would authorize Congress public for which it stands, one Nation under faculties have gone through to raise the to provide procedures to be followed if a status of college teaching to where it is God, indivisible, with liberty and justice candidate dies or withdraws before the elec­ for all. today. tion, or in case of a tie. It seems to us that some of these older The modest nature of changes in Rep. hands would be doing their profession an­ Bogg's amendment may be its virtue, not its other good deed if they took some of their weakness. Bolder, more sweeping revisions­ GOOD ADVICE ON TRANSPORTA­ m111tant young colleagues aside and ex­ particularly those that call for direct popular TION FOR THE 91ST CONGRESS plained to them that they are now teachers election of the President-have invariably themselves and that they ought to act like wound up on the junk heap. Many states are them instead of problem students. reluctant to relinquish the federalist pro­ HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO If this doesn't begin to happen, it will only cedure in which each state has a distinct OF CONNECTICUT be a matter of time before the administrators voice in selecting the President. Rep. Boggs' and trustees, particularly of public-supported amendment meets that problem. It demands IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES universities, begin to harshly reassert their no abrupt, radical change, yet offers a sys­ Tuesday, January 7, 1969 responsibilities and step on some real aca­ tem which is a distinct improvement over demic freedoms in the process. the absurd, troublesome anachronism we Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, an ex­ have now. tremely sound analysis of the national transportation system's problems-and what the Congress and_the administra­ ELECTORAL REFORM AMERICA'S HERITAGE tion might consider in dealing with them-is provided in an excellent recent HON. HALE BOGGS HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT speech by one of the industry's most re­ OF LOUISIANA OF FLORmA spected spokesmen, Charles A. Webb. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Webb, a former Chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission who is Tuesday, January 7, 1969 Tuesday, January 7, 1969 now the president of the National As­ Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, in connec­ Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, as we sociation of Motor Bus Owners, drew tion with my resolution, House Joint begin this Congress it ts important to high praise for this thorough speech Resolution 1, to change the method of remember our heritage and those beliefs from the editor of Transportation & Dis- January 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 305 tribution Management magazine, who surface transportation, this should be the expect the next Congress to give active con­ editorialized in its December 1968, issue: First Law of Political Action. sideration to the b111 providing for an award A more promising solution to the problem Before it takes the unfinished business of of attorney's fees to litigants who prevail in of regulatory inequality is to make .regula­ transportation loss or damage actions the last Congress before the 91st Congress, tion more comprehensive by restricting or the transportation industry should commit brought under Section 20(11) of the Inter­ repealing the exemptions which create in­ state Commerce Act. In the last Congress itself to what Mr. Webb refert> to as "the first equality of competitive opportunity. For ex­ we were successful in having the attorney's law of politi.cal action" ... that total vic­ ample, if repeal of the agricultural and bulk tory for one segment of the transportation fee bill amended in the Commerce commodities exemptions is undesirable or not Committee to eliminate the most serious ob­ industry with total defeat for another is feasible, the inequities caused by these ex­ jections of the intercity bus industry. intolerable. emptions could be alleviated by a mild form In the field of motor carrier safety, the Mr. Speaker, I am informed that Mr. of regulation for changed rates and new en­ Congress in 1966 enacted legislation which Webb's speech-delivered last November trants. This approach to regulatory .reform made the authority of the Department of would require on the part of all concerned Transportation virtually complete. The Con­ 14 in Philadelphia before a joint meet­ a willingness to compromise and a determina­ gress will continue to be concerned with ing of the New England Bus Association, tion not to let their notions of what is per­ motor carrier safety but this concern is likely the Intercity Bus Association of New fect defeat what would be manifestly better to be manifested in oversight and appropria­ York State and the Northeastern Bus than the present chaotic patchwork of regu­ tion hearings rather than in the form of Traffic Associatien-drew wide favorable lation. new m.otor vehicle safety legislatlon. response in the entire transportation in­ In the area of promotional responsibility, One i.mportant piece of unfinished business dustry, as well. the new Administration will be confronted is legislation which would increase the max­ with at least three major problems in which imum size and weight of vehicles permitted Because of its import, I include here the intercity bus industry has a direct and to use the Interstate System. The intercity as part of my remarks the text of the substantial interest. The progressive deteri­ bus industry must provide greater comfort speech, along with the editorial by oration and discontinuance of railroad pas­ for its passengers by installing wider seats. George A. -Oecowets from the December senger train service have-spawned a variety of This can only be done if the maximum width Transportation & Distribution Manage­ schemes for subsidy. The present Adminis­ of buses permitted to use the Interstate Sys­ ment: tration has resisted these proposals on the tem 1s increased from 96 to 102 inches. The logical ground that the public's reaction to REMARKS OF CHAltLES A. WEBB, PRESIDENT, merits of our case have been recognized by NATIONAL A.sSOCIATION OF MOTOR Bus the improved service planned for the North­ the Federal Highway Administration, the OWNERS, PREPARED FOR DELIV.ERY BEFORE east Corridor ought first to be evaluated. American Association of State Highway Offi­ JOINT MEETING, NEW ENGLAND Bus AS­ NAMBO undoubtedly will oppose any legis­ cials and by most, if not all, experts on high­ SOCIATION, INTERCITY Bus ASSOCIATION OF lation to 'Subsidize intercity rail passengeT way safety. I .hope that hearings on vehicle In size and weight 1eg1slation wm be held early NEW YORK STATE, NORTHEASTERN Bus service which is not economically viable. TRAFFIC ASSOCIATION, HOTEL SHERATON, any .study which seeks to determine what in the next Congress so that supporters of PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER 14, 1968 part of the remaining intercity service is the bill can rebut on the record the misrep­ "essential," we will ask for .an oppnrtunity resentations leveled at S. 2658 after its pas­ It is a real pleasure and a distinct privilege to ,show the extent to which intercity bus sage by the Sen-ate and after the close -Of to speak to the joint .membership meeting of service is an adequate substitute for ·rail he·arings before the House .Public Works and three i.mportant intercity bus associati.ons. It passenger service. Rules Committees. is also a considerable challenge to make any Secondly, the new Administration may be Since .I am privileged to share your plat­ meaningful report from Washington on the expected to take a fresh look at the Federal­ form with Commissioner Wallace R. Burke, eve of a new Administration and a new Con­ aid highway program and, especially, at the I am reluctant to comment on matters be­ gress. highly vocal opposition to urban highway de­ fore the Interstate Commerce Commission Transportation legislati.on to be considered velopment and construction. The bus indus­ which our industry regards as important in the 91st Congress may be inferred, to try-both the intercity and transit seg­ or to speculate on other matters of more some extent, frGm the unfinished business ments--will suffer if the .anti-freeway claque general transportation importance. However, of tlle last Congress. We do not know what prevails. Highway users have already been I do want to emphasize that the Commis­ tr.ansportation problems the new Adminis­ harmed by the fiscal gimmickry involved in sion's role in creating a strong national tration will undertake to solve, but we may sporadic withholding of the use of funds transportation system ls vitally i.mportant surmise it will deal with some which have collected for highway construction. Even but in some' danger of bei.ng obscured by the been widely regarded as chronic or critical. greater delays in highway ccmstruction, and much larger, newer, and to some minds, more Regulation of domestic surface transpor­ consequent higher costs, would fiow from glamorous Department of Transportation. tation is characterized by ,inequaUty of adoption of the pending DOT proposal to So instead of thinking about what the Com­ competitive opportunity. That incontestable make each highway construction pro)ect the mission cap. .do for us, let us think briefiy and indefensible fact must be of primary subject of formal and extensive hearings. about what we can do for the Commission. concern to any Administration which de­ Finally, the new Administration must deal Due to lack of funds, the Com.mission has sires to strengthen our national transporta­ with the truly awesome problems of urban been unable to handle promptly hotly con­ tion system. rt is also a problem in which mass transportation. From now until the tested applications for operating authority. common carriers llave a common legislative end of the century, an Administration's rec­ For lack of adequate staff assistance, some interest and one which, in my opinion, can ord on transportation is apt to be Judged merger cases have become trials by -endur­ be resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the prlmarily on the basis of its success in ar­ anceA Illegal motor carriers of property and competing modes. . resting or reversing the trend toward urban· passengers are allowed to roam the highways The new Department of Transportation of immobility. Urban roads cannot be multi­ in increasing numbers, sapping the financial the outgoing Administration apparently did plied indefinitely in response to an uncon­ strength of regulated, law-abiding carriers. not have time to draft a detailed plan for the trolled proliferation of automobiles. Public Yet the staff of the Commission has been so elimination of regulatory inequities. Judg­ transportation in urban areas must be made unrealistically reduced that the time being ing by the trial balloons fioated by several so attractive that private transportation dur­ devoted to curbing these unlawful opera­ of its officials, however, it leaned strongly to­ ing peak travel hours will be a less-desirab1e tions is less today than at any time in recent ward the view that equality of competitive alternative. Stated differently, every rider of years. The least we can do is to couple our opportunity sllould be achieved by massive public transportation in our lar.ge metropoli­ complaints about Commission action or in­ deregulation. Implicit in this view is that tan areas must be assured swift, unimpeded action in particular cases with acclaim for its the motor carrier industry possesses no pub­ access to the central city. over-all performance. lic utllity characteristics; that the industry Rail transit service is feasible in only a The Commission's so-called "image" has is so strong as to render futile any campaign relatively few large cities. Development of never been as good outside the circle of of destructive rate competition; that con­ modern rapid transit bus systems involving transportation as it deserves to be. We ought trols over entry and controls over financial exclusive or preferential use of highway lanes to explain to all who will listen the relation­ transactions ·are anachronisins bred dur1ng appears to be the most-promising solution. ship between economic regulation and carrier the Great Depression, and that. therefo.re, the This is a pr.ogram that merits the full sup­ earning power. If the vital cycle of earnings, elimination or relaxation of all such con· port of all segments of the bus industry. The growth, and investment is broken, we will not trols will result in more economical and cooperation of individual bus operators and have the transport capacity required to meet more efficient motor carrier service. their State and local associations is partic­ the needs of a steadily expanding economy. Although wholesale deregulation would ularly important because local communities In these remarks, I have dealt in rather eliminate regulatory inequa1ities and ls necessarily haye a large voice tn urban trans­ piecemeal fashion with transportation prob­ strongly urged by many res_pected economists, portation planning. lems that may be faced by a new Adminis­ the approach has not been politically real­ Turning now to the next •Congress, a pre­ tration, a new Congress, and by DOT and ICC. istic at any time during 'the past two decades diction of its major transportation concerns Actually, the problems are not likely to be and does not appear to be so today. No major is hazardous. With sOIIle justitlcation, the resolved in any satisfactory manner unless legislation is likely to be passed if it repre­ 90th Congress was ·sometimes called the Con­ there is full cooperation among all the gov­ sents a total victory for one mode of trans­ sumer's Congress. There is no reason to sup­ ernmental agencies concerned. portation and a.humiliating def.eat for equal­ pose that its interest in consumer-type leg­ In view of the magnitude and the com­ ly important segments of the industry. .For islation has di.mlnished. Accordingly, I would plexity of the task, it might be well to con- CXV--20-Part 1 306 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 7, 1969 elude these remarks by referring to some first nological advances so that carriers may pass tional law for the Israeli attack on the Beirut principles o! transportation upon which along the benefits of improved technology to airport. Israeli soldiers were flown across the widespread agreement is essential. shippers and passengers. border of Lebanon in Israeli army helicopters At no time during my transportation ex­ "The common problems of common car­ Saturday night. They landed on the Beirut perience have I seen any statement of Na­ riers are of far greater importance than the airport, moved methodically to destroy Leba­ tional Transportation Policy which is an im­ differences which sometimes divide them nese planes and hangars, then climbed provement on that declared by the Congress into warring factions. aboard the helicopters and went home. in the Transportation Act of 1940. If all Fed­ "When this is fully recognized, we can look Thirteen planes belonging to Lebanon Mid­ eral departments and agencies were directed toward the development of a sound, fully dle East Airlines, worth perhaps $50 million, to conduct their transportation activities so coordinated system for the movement of peo­ were demolished. The next day Israeli jets as to further the objectives of that National ple and goods and one which makes optimum flew a reconnaiss·ance mission over the air­ Transportation Policy, some of our major use of existing transport capacity." port just to make sure the commandos had transportation problems would be at least Although wholesale deregulation would done their job. partially solved. eliminate regulatory inequalities, Mr. Webb This, quite clearly, was an act of war. It Reasonable men may differ on how to solve feels that this approach is not politically made a mockery of all talk about peace on the problem of inequality of competitive op­ realistic. He feels that a more promising earth, good will to men. And yet it cannot portunity but such inequality should not be solution to the problem is to make regulation be considered as an isolated event. It permitted to continue. Reasonable men dif­ more comprehensive by restricting or repeal­ stemmed directly from an attack by two Arab fer on how to end discriminatory State and ing some of the exemptions which create in­ terrorists against ·an Israeli passenger plane local tax assessments on carrier property but equality or competitive opportunity. He sug­ in Athens, Greece. the continuation of such discrimination gests, for example, that if repeal of the agri­ Two Palestinian Arabs, trained in demoli­ should have no defenders. cultural and bulk commodities exemptions tion at a refugee camp in Lebanon, went to Transportation legislation, regulation, and is not feasible, the inequities caused by these Greece to destroy the El-Al plane. They mur­ promotion should move in step with tech­ exemptions could be alleviated by a mild dered an Israeli passenger in the process. nological advances so that carriers may pass new form of regulation for changing rates While the Israelis demolished 13 planes for along the benefits of improved technology to and for allowing new entrants into the ex­ one, they apparently killed no one in the shippers and passengers. empt transportation business. Such an ap­ Beirut raid. The common problems of common carriers proach to regulatory reform would require a Airliners are particularly vulnerable to are of far greater importance than the dif­ willingness to compromise on the part of international blackmail, as nearly a score ferences which sometimes divide them into all concerned. of American pilots have learned when they warring factions. When this fa.ct is fully Before it takes the unfinished business of have been forced to fly to Havana. Earlier in recognized, we can look toward the develop­ the la.st Congress before the 91st Congress, the year an El-Al plane was hi-jacked over ment of a sound, fully coordinated system the transportation industry should commit Italy and flown to Algiers, where the Jewish for the movement of people and goods and itself to what Mr. Webb refers to as "the crew and plane were kept for a week before one which makes optimum use o! existing first law of political action'• ... that total being turned loose. transport capacity. victory for one segment of the transportation If Israeli passenger planes are going to be Finally, the task of improving domestic industry with total defeat for another is in­ subjected to hi-jacking and machine gun at­ surface transportation might well begin by tolerable. If the transportation industry tacks every time they leave home, it is obvi­ discarding the phrase, "transportation crisis." doesn't pay heed to this law, and soon, it wlll ous that the El-Al Airline will soon go out It is hyperbole which flies in the teeth of the get even less attention from the 9lst Con· of business. Arab nations apparently think fact that our privately owned transportation gress that it did from the 90th. they can recruit, train and finance the system, despite its imperfections, is still the saboteurs, then wash their hands of the envy of the world. consequences. The raid on Beirut proves the falsity of this thinking. THE FIRST LAW OF POLITICAL ACTION But as Israel should know, one reprisal A couple of months ago we mentioned BIG POWERS MUST ACT leads to another. An Arab attack on a Jewish that the transportation industry is, in many position can be expected, and it presumably respects, an industry divided against itself. will be followed by an Israeli attack on an It is made up o! several interest groups­ HON. JOHN J. RHODES Arab position. It ls to avoid this sort of escalation, which will lead inevitably to a shippers, carriers, suppliers, investors-that OJ' A&IZONA form interacting alliances against each other general conflict, that the U.N. must now act. to resolve specific issues that affect the in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The basis for an Arab-Jewish settlement is dustry as a whole. Tuesday, January 7, 1969 well known. The Arab states must agree to Charles A. Webb, president of the National recognize Israel as a sovereign nation. The Association of Motor Bus Owners and past Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, I was Jews must agree to return the territorles­ chairman of the Interstate Commerce Com­ pleased to receive from three of my con­ or at lea.st most of them-taken in the Six mission, picked up this theme in a recent stituents-the members of the firm of Day war. Each party must be forced to re­ speech and suggested that now is the time David, Rubenstein & Toback, chartered, spect the international rights of the other. for the transportation industry to face cer­ certified public accountants, of Phoenix, No one is going to make the Jews and the tain facts and work itself out of the dilemma Ariz. the following editorial "Big Powers Arabs love each other-not in the lifetime of of regulatory inequality. He suggested that any person now living. But the four great the warring factions within the industry Must Act." Because of their concern over powers, which have a lot at stake in thA should quit fooling around with so-called the volatile situation in the Middle East, Middle East, can force them to live wit.h solutions that are not politically realistic they sent this editorial to me air mail, each other in relative peace. This is the tim.­ and concentrate on those problems in which special delivery with a letter which in­ for the U.N. to show its real ab1llty as an they have a common legislative interest. cluded the following statements: instrument of world order. "We do not know what transportation We have discussed the Israeli-Arab situa­ problems the new Administration will un­ tion with dozens of people and the consensus dertake to solve," he said, "but we may of opinion of most Arizonans seems to be re­ surmise it will deal with some which have flected perfectly by the editorial in the Tues­ TAXPAYERS SUBSIDIZE WELFARE been widely regarded as chronic or critical. day, December 31, 1968 edition of the Arizona REVOLTS "Regulation of domestic surface transpor­ Republic-Since you are a fellow Arizonan tation is characterized by inequality of com­ of high authority, we beseech you to add your petitive opportunity. That incontestable and voice to that of your constituents and let indefensible fact must be of primary con­ the White House and the United Nations HON. JOHN R. RARICK cern to any Administration which desires to know our feeling. OF LOUISIANA strengthen our national transportation sys­ tem. It is also a problem in which common It is my pleasure, Mr. Speaker, to do so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES carriers have a common legislative interest by inserting this excellent editorial in the Tuesday, January 7, 1969 and one which, in my opinion, can be re­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, as follows: solved to the mutual satisfaction of the Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, charity 11; competing modes. BIG POWERS MUST ACT to be now compromised to include rob­ "Reasonable men may differ on how to A new and fertile field for U.N. action has bery of taxpayers. solve the problem of inequality of competi­ opened in the Middle East. Russia, the United American taxpayers now experience tive opportunity, but such inequality should States, and Britain have all con­ such forces as guaranteed charity­ not be permitted to continue. demned the Israeli army raid on Beirut's in­ forced charity without residence require­ "Reasonable men differ on how to end dis­ ternational airport. If they will act together, ments or even getting to know the peo­ criminatory state and local tax as~essments they can defuse the powder keg which threat­ on carrier property, but the continuation of ens to explode in another Jewish-Arab war. ple who do the work to foot the bill. such discrimination should have no de­ If they fail to act, one reprisal can be ex­ Nor is welfare food alone-it now in­ fenders. pected to follow another in the cockpit of cludes attorneys, paid at taxpayers ex­ "Transportation legislation, regulation and the Middle East. pense, to advise the recipients how to promotion should move in step with tech- There can be no justification in lnterna- beat the giver. Welfare even includes January 7~ 1969 EXTENSiONS OF REMARKS 307 the funds 'to promote the recipients illto agreement to' do unlawful, wr-0ngful -acts on terisive property damage. Even though our militant bands of activists . . a nationwide basis in the month of Decem­ U.S. attorney general is on the w.ay out of This is -0ne reason why the American ber 1'968. The meeting was attended by politi­ office, he stm has a sworn duty to perform cal and legal "coordinators"' oonspfring with for the American people. people must never permit a national wel­ welfate recipients to break the law. For ex­ (NOTE.-Half way through the meeting, fare program. Charity must be an act ample, they cc>nspired tO create a J>Ublic nui­ my assistant Wllliam Good and I were chal­ of love from people to people-otherwise sance through disruption of Christmas shop­ lenged about our presence there. It seemed it is just plain extortion. ping at big department stores next month. very dangerout to remain and a few moments I insert letters from the Louisiana wel­ WELFARE ,OFFICIALS thereafter, we left.) fare director and news clippings, as fol­ The 'OOordinators present in the church lows: meeting are members of the Citywide Coordi­ [From the Wasbington (D.C.) Evening Star, LOUISIANA DEPARTMEN.T nating Committee ·of Welfare Groups in New Jan. 4, 1969 J OF PuBLIC WELFARE, York City_, a group that has repeatedly staged MINISKIRTED PROTESTER: NUN TELLS OF HER Baton Rouge, November 25, 1968. unlawful demonstrations. Under the ideologi­ DAY IN JAn. Hon. JOHN R. RARICK, cal tutelage of Drs. Richard A. Cloward .and House of Representatives, ST. Louis, Mo.-Sister Cecilia ate a hearty Frances Piven of the Columbia University meal, took a bath, set her hair, put on a. Washington, D.C. School of Social Work, the Citywide Coordi­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN .RARICK: In view of the miniskirt and talked about jall. nating Committee ls led by Hulbert James "Bad •.. completely dehumanizing," the recent Welfare sit-ins in the Orleans Parish and by Mrs. Beulah Sanders, a Negro "welfare Offices, I thought you would be interested 31-year-o1d Maryknoll nun said yesterday. mother" whose loud r'8.nting before the Demo­ But the ·inmates, she said, were "beautiful... in the attached article from the Dallas Morn­ cratic Platform committee last August scan­ ing News. You will note the contribution Sister Cecilia walked out of the St. Louis dalized Chairman Hale Boggs and millions of Jail at noon yesterday after spending 24 being made by the Office of Economic Op­ TV viewers. portunity in .this article. This same orga­ hours behind bars for refusing to pay a $500 nization, I have been informed, supported After some discussion concerning the con­ fine assessed for handcu1fing herself to the and encouraged the sit-ins in our local offices spirators' Decem·ber program, a "coor.dina tor" revolving doors of a de_partment store during in Orleans. Information furnished us by the described the December department store a "Black Christmas" demonstration. police in Orleans and a Taxi .driver estab­ program. "You recruit people on welfare to The white nun said one inmate loaned .her lished the fact that OEO funds were used to go pick out what they want--about a hun­ a sweater she wore while enduring the con­ transport these demonstrators to our offices. dred dollars worth-and go to the cash regis­ ditions at the Jail. Sincerely yours, ter at May's or .Macy's or Abraham & Straus. "The women there in jail were very beau­ GARLAND L. BONIN, First you demand a ' rmed them otherwise. The (By .Alice Widener) Before there ,are Christmas riots over ,alleged Welfare Department had spelled out its old .-In W.ebster's Dictionary, "police brutality" .to "welfare mothers" in policy of terminating aid when entry was the ver·b "to conspire'" is ·defined, "to join in major department stores thr.oughout the na­ refused in an earller brochure this year. a 'Secret agreement to do an unlawful or tion next month, U.S. Attorney General Deputy Welfare Director Albert P. Russo wrongful act -Or to use such "lll.eans to accom­ Ramsey Cla.rk should order ,e, complete in­ said the DepaTtment simply ran out of the plish a lawful end." The noun "conspiTacy" vestigation of the conspirators' activities. old brochures, which were stlll in circulation is defined ru; "the act of consplring together; Perhaps he should begin by inquiri~ .into this fall. To prepare new ones, he Mid, "ob­ an agreement ·among eonspirator.s." the activities ,of the Rev. Lawrence L. Durgin viouSly ·we have got to Teflect the new On Thursday evening, November 7, 1968, in · -of the Bl.1oadway United 'Church of Christ, changes." the Broadwa'}' United Churc:n of Ohrist at 211 a plaee that plays weekly .:most to ,conspira­ The lltlW pamphlet Will be mailed to all W.est -06th 'Str.eet, Ne:w York

TOOK ON DUTIES Mr. Sulzberger's work on short-wave liver as pa.rt of a speech in Milwaukee, 1n Over the years, the publisher took on re· :facsimile transmission helped to persuade Senator McCarthy's home state. sponsibillty for the fine points of newspaper him to buy radio station WQXR in 1944. By To Mr. Sulzberger's dismay, General Eisen­ publishing, rather than casting it off. He 1956 WQXR had increased its power to 50,· hower, acting on the advice of Wisconsin delegated authority freely, but nothing in 000 watts and had added WQXR-FM. In Republican leaders, deleted the passage from the paper was too small to command his addition, a network of FM stationS' broadcast his address just before delivery. He made the attention. WQXR's programs throughout the North­ remarks later, in another campaign speech, He was a tireless note-taker. When he saw east. but the publisher was deeply disturbed by an error in a headline or a story, or found a. The enormous postwar expansion of The what he regarded as General Eisenhower's question unanswered or a news vendor Times forced the paper to push its 43d Street failure to stand up under political pressure. without The Times, he jotted down the fact building through to 44th Street. Mr. Sulz­ As the issues of domestic Communism and in a small black, gold-cornered pad. berger fondly watched every step and scram­ civil liberties became more prominent, the He read The Times over breakfast, checking bled over the scaffolding, endlessly delighted. publisher established a fl.rm policy for the and rechecking. Ideas flowed into his little Guests were invited early for lunch so that newspaper. black book for submission to his associates. they, too, could risk life and limb as the "I would not," he declared, "knowingly If the judgment went against him, he ac­ publisher led them through the construc­ employ a Communist on the news or edito­ cepted it. But he was not an easy man to tion. rial staff of The New York Times. On the talk down. He felt his convictions deeply, In 1951, The Times marked its lOOth year. other hand, I would not institute a witch loved to argue, was good at debate and dex­ There was a modest celebration, but the hunt to determine if one such existed." terous in dealing with people. publisher's reticence did not stem the tide The publisher and · The Times severely "Many people describe themselves as open of scrolls, citations and letters of praise that criticized what they considered witch hunts. to conviction,'' an associate once remarked, flowed in. The event was marked by the The paper spoke out against the banning and "but Mr. Sulzberger actually can be publication of "The Story of The New York burning of books, efforts to silence unortho­ convinced." Times,'' a history of the paper by Meyer dox thinkers, indiscriminate distrust of Gov­ Early in Mr. Sulzberger's tenure as pub­ Berger, then a noted Times reporter. ernment employes, the distribution of black lisher, The Times in its editorials advocated Under Mr. Ochs, The Times had described lists, the passage of restrictive immigration opposition to Nazism and Fascism and at­ itself politically as "independent Demo­ laws and similar manifestations of what lt tacked American isolationism. cratic." In Mr. Sulzberger's time, the word believed was unwarranted fear and hysteria. A trip abroad in 1938 convinced the pub­ "Democratic" was dropped. In the Sulzberger The Times considered itself to be the special llsher that a European war was coming and years the paper supported Republican can­ object of an investigation in 1955 and 1956 that it would become an American war. He didates four times and Democrats three by a Senate subcommittee headed by Senator hoped, though, that the United States might times. James 0. Eastland, Democra+, of Mississippi. forestall war by throwing its weight on the In 1952, The Times broke with the practice The investigation was presented as a study side of Britain and France against Germany. of naming its choice only after the parties' of Communist infiltration of the press, but He brought about an editorial called "A nominating conventions. Fearful of the pos­ Mr. Sulzberger viewed with concern the fact Way of Llfe." It occupied the greater part sibility that the Republicans might nominate that the majority of the newspapermen sum­ of the editorial page on June 15, 1938, and Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio, The Times moned to the hearings were present or former said in part: announced in February that it favored the employes of The Times. "In any ultimate test of strength between election of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower and The publisher cooperated with the com­ democracy and dictatorship, the goodwlll promised to support him if the Republicans mittee. He also discharged several men whose and the moral support-and in the long run nominated him. conduct during the inv.estigatlon caused him more likely than not the physical power of The paper became the center of a contro­ to lose confidence in their ability to carry out the United States-wlll be found on the side versy that lasted until Election Day. The con­ their jobs in the news departuent. of those nations defending a way of life which troversy became heated and even acrimonious IN DEFENSE OF FREE PRESS is our way of life and the only way of life after the Democrats nominated Gov. Adlai E. which Americans believe to be worth living." Stevenson of Illinois, and campaigns were Early in 1956, however, Mr. Sulzberger felt The war started in 1939 and brought Ger­ organized to persuade The Times to switch impelled to go on record in defense of a free man victories. In 1940 France was near col­ its support. Thousands of letters and tele­ press. An editorial said it seemed "quite ob­ lapse. Mr. Sulzberger called the editorial phone calls poured in. vious" that the investigation was aimed ait council together and said: The publisher explained the paper's posi­ The Times and that the paper had been "sin­ "I cannot live with myself much longer, tion this way: gled out" for attack because of the vigor of its opposition to the views of Senator East­ and I doubt that this country can live with "We came out for Eisenhower in the pre­ itself much longer; we have got to do land and some of his associates. convention campaign because we liked and On the question of former Communists on something." trusted him and because we could not face Out of the discussion that followed came its staff, The Times said: "It will be our with equanimity the possibility of Taft's policy to judge each case on its own merits. the suggestion that The Times advocate uni­ nomination. Not being a Republican organ versal military training. General Adler had We do not believe in the doctrine of ir­ and, more times than not, not supporting redeemable sin. We think it is possible to long been a supporter of such a system, but that party's nominees, we felt that we had Mr. Sulzberger had frowned on it until then, atone through good performance :for past no right to speak to them unless we said that errors." The first of a series of editorials advocating if the General were the nominee we would it appeared on June 7, 1940. "Our faith ls strong," the editorial ended, support him in the election. "that long after Senator Eastland and his MADE VISITS ABROAD I LIKE STEVENSON present subcommittee are :forgotten, long Mr. Sulzberger had always considered "That is a course that I would unhesitat­ after segregation has lost its final battle in travel one of the best ways of keeping him­ ingly repeat even though I now know that the South, long after all that was known as self and The Times up to date. He continued I like Stevenson and despite the fact that McCarthyism ls a dim, unwelcome memory, his trips during World War II, visiting dis­ I now know that I have found many parts of long after the last Congressional committee tant capitals and the battlefronts of Europe has learned that it cannot tamper success­ and the Pacific. the Republican campaign distasteful to me." Neither General Eisenhower's political fully with a free press, The New York Times During the war, in 1943, he made his sec­ will still be speaking for the men who make ond visit to the Soviet Union on a two-fold campaign in 1952 nor his subsequent career in the White House received the publisher's it, and only for the men who make it, and mission-to inspect Red Cross installations speaking without fear or favor the truth as it (he was a member of the Red Cross govern­ unqualified support. Mr. Sulzberger's first disappointment with sees it." ing board) and to gather background infor­ During .the difficult Eastland incidents, mation for The Times. General Eisenhower, and the most serious, came over the problem of Senator Joseph R. the paper suffered a blow of a different kind. During World War II the publisher also On Oct 3, 1955, General Adler died, leaving a developed a keen interest in the rehablllta­ McCarthy. The Wisconsin Republican's fre­ quent attacks on individuals as "spies" and personal gap in the publisher's life that could tion work of the Army Air Forces, directed not be filled and a gap in the paper's manage­ by Dr. Howard A. Rusk. He later invited Dr. "traitors" struck the publisher as reckless and irresponsible. By early 1952, he was ment that had to be filled. General Adler's Rusk to join The Times as associate editor successor as a trustee was Mr. Dryfoos, who to write on veterans'-and later clvllians'­ deeply disturbed by what he considered a rehabllitation. This association helped to basic threat to civil liberties and traditional had married Marian Sulzberger and, in a freedoms and :fair play. training pattern similar to that of his father­ establish the Institute o:f Physical Medicine ln-law, had risen to the vice presidency of and Rehabilltation of the New York Univer­ The publisher strongly urged General sity Medical Center. Eisenhower to go on record in the campaign the newspaper. The war also presented a conflict between as opposed to McCarthyism and especially to RESIGNED 4 YEARS LATER revenue and public service. The publisher's the Senator's attacks on Gen. George c. Mr. Dryfoos was named president of The course was firm: with newsprint strictly ra­ Marshall, for whom both Mr. Sulzberger and New York Times Company on April 23, 1957, tioned, he ordered advertising held down General Eisenhower had the highest regard. when Mr. Sulzberger became chairman of (two lines was set as the maximum for At the candidate's invitation, Mr. Sulz­ the board. It was almost exactly four years classified ads) to allow sumcient space for berger drafted a pro-Marshall statement, later that Mr. Sulzberger stepped down as war news. which General Eisenhower proposed to de- publisher in favor of Mr. Dryfoos. January 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 317 His statement at that time, while both In 1943, he became the first New York turns. Many years after his marriage, he con. sad and witty, again pointed to his concept City publisher since the death of Mr. Ochs to tracted to transplant from Lake George, N.Y.• of himself as a steward: be elected a dir~tor of The Associated Press. the large spruce tree under which the young "No one man can operate a business of He was re-elected to two more three-year Iphigene Ochs had once refused him. A truck this size. He can and must rely upon his as­ terms. returned with the wrong spruce, but it was sociates and in this respect I have been par­ In matters outside the newspaper business, replanted anyway at Hillandale, the family's ticularly fortunate. It is difficult for me to he sought to concentrate his activities on country home, then in White Plains, and single out any number of individuals with­ the cultural and philanthropic life of the still survives on the property. out doing injustice to others. We now are city. HEART OF THE MATTER PORTRAIT AT COLUMBIA a body over five thousand strong. I do not The publisher loved games and hobbies. At know which driver it was who overcame the He was a trustee of Columbia University one point, he and his friend and editor, particular difficulties on the night of any from 1944 to 1959. Among the many honors Charles Merz, created crossword puzzles and one of our great snowstorms last winter or accorded to him when he resigned and be­ finally Double-Crostics for the paper. which compositor or proofreader saved us came trustee emeritus was a portrait com­ It was a rare weekend when the original from untold additional libel, or which flyboy missioned by the university. It was hung in Hillandale and its successor in Long Ridge, caught out the badly printed copy that might Low Memorial Library, among pictures of Conn., did not resound to voices.-young and otherwise have gone into the White House-­ other Columbia officials, including General old-in games, discussion and laughter. or even worse, to me. I bow to the book­ Eisenhower. Mr. Sulzberger had played an The publisher, as a bon in town and keepers, the telephone girls with their ever­ important role in bringing the general to on weekends in the country, had reduced the cheerful voices, to the butcher, the baker, and the university as its president. old fashioned to the essentials of ice and I don't think we make our own candles, but The publisher was also chairman of Colum­ whisky long before drinks "on the rocks" were I can assure you that our able m~hanical bia's bicentennial celebration. common. department has plenty on hand against The university and the Graduate School A cocktail shaker given to him on one of emergencies." of Journalism honored him with the Journal­ his anniversaries was incribed: Mr. Sulzberger had succeeded General Ad­ ism Award for singular journalistic perform­ Recipe for A. H. S. cocktail: ler as publisher of The Chattanooga Times, ance in the public interest. The introduction 1 part wisdom, 1 part wit, 1 part humanity, but served only briefly because he believed to the citation pointed out a fact that re­ In the fashion of A. H. S., mix well and serve newspaper leadership should be "home­ flected the kind of publisher he was. The lavishly. grown." In February, 1957, Ben Hale Golden paper, the statement read, "has never been He had trouble remembering names, but of Chattanooga, who married Ruth Sulz­ known as Sulzberger's Times or anyone else's his wife could recall them, from the vaguest berger in 1946, became president and pub­ for that matter." sort of description. Even with his awkward lisher and Mr. Sulzberger took the new po­ In all of his public career, in fact, he handicap, he went thi;ough man y elaborate sition of chairman of the board of the Chat­ believed that it was the paper that mattered, evenings as the most charming guest or tanooga paper. Mrs. Golden, who filed for a not him. One daughter was astonished when host--courteous, telling brief anecdotes, divorce in late 1964, became p:resident and she was asked in Europe if her father were reciting witty poetry and salting his con­ publisher of the Chattanooga paper on Dec. the Sulzberger who was publisher of The versation with broad puns. 22, 1964. Times. He had always "stood so consistently His daughter Ruth wrote for a collection In December of 1958, during the involved behind and not in front of his job I had she called "A Popthology of Verse" : strike by the newspaper deliverers that re­ never realized that Sulzberger was a 'name,' " "A. H. S. is a family man. A fastidious sulted in a newspaper blackout in New York, she wrote later. dresser, he is noted for his weekend clothes. Mr. Sulzl:>erger kept The New York Times In 1950, The Times hailed the publication He is moody. Amusing. Serious. And end­ news staff at work while all other news­ of the first 50 volumes of the papers of lessly stimulating. He has blue eyes and gray paper plants were dark. Thomas Jefferson, another project close to hair. He smokes a pipe and eats pills. He is After the strike was over employes who the heart of the publisher. The Times had, a dog fancier and breeder, a good judge of had been kept on the payroll sent Mr. Sulz­ in fact, given $200,000 so that Princeton bourbon and a country gentleman. He plays berger a memorial "to let him know that the could undertake the huge project. The Times cards. He drinks. He works for a newspaper." men and women who work for him are editorial noted with pride that each volume In his later years he was beset by ill health. touched by the great kindness he has shown would bear this inscription: On a round-the-world trip in 1957, he suf­ in the dark period that came this month "Dedicated to the memory of Adolph S. fered a stroke in Rangoon, Burma, and later with forced suspension of publication; that Ochs, publisher of The New York Times, had another attack. But he never lost his this and past kindnesses, far beyond the 1896-1935, who by the example of a responsi­ quick wit. margins of moral responsibility, deepen their ble press enlarged and fortified the Jeffer­ The theme Mr. Sulzberger inspired for loyalty and shall not be forgotten." There sonian concept of a free press." Columbia's bicentennial was "Man's right to were 330 signatures on the document. As The Times was the core of Mr. Sulz­ knowledge and the free use thereof." This In 1958, the publisher broke with a tradi­ berger's public life, his family was the heart might have been his own theme and the tion observed by The Times and most other and soul of his private life. theme of his stewardship of The New York family-owned newspapers. Because deaths By heritage as well as by choice, he was a Times. and inheritances had spread the stock of the Reform Jew and he reared his children ac­ paper outside the immediate family, be issued cordingly. But it was to him a religion, not the first annual public statement of The a nationality. He did not believe Jews to be [From the New York Times, Dec. 12, 1968] Time's finances. It showed that his manage­ Mr. a race or a people and, like Ochs, was ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER ment had been successful and that he had deeply opposed to the Zionist movement. carried out his precept that editorial excel­ He loved children-his own four and their For more than a quarter of a century this lence and sound business management went children-and kept the key to children's con­ newspaper drew strength from the foresight, hand in hand. fidence long after the age when many adults the integrity and the courage of Arthur Hays Sulzberger, first as its publisher and later as THE 60 PROFITABLE YEARS mislay it. He wrote poems for them, made chairman of the board. His death yesterday The report showed a profit after taxes for up animal sagas and admonished them from his heart. after a long and debilitating m.ness.-fifty 1957 of $3,010,067. It was the 60th consecu­ years almost to the day since he first joined tive year that The Times had shown a profit. He was warm and attracted people easily. The Times-has brought sorrow to his as­ Other figures and subsequent reports dem­ Because of the square set of his shoulders sociates and a sense of personal and pro­ onstrated the paper's financial health. Dur­ and his trim physique, he gave the impres­ fessional loss to free newspapermen every­ sion of a tall and dominating man, although ing 1958, for the first time, the Times Maga­ where. zine carried more lines of advertising than he was of average height--5 feet 9 inches. It was in a world already threatened by any other magazine. Because he was handsome and carried the totalitarianism that Arthur Sulzberger in The Monday-to-Friday average circulation new~paper aura with him and because he 1935 succeeded Adolph S. Ochs as publisher of The Times in November stood at 1,025,873. liked to do things with style, he was charac­ of The Times. He saw clearly the danger that In 1935, it was 465,078. The Sunday circula­ terized often as having glamour. Hitler and Mussolini and their Japanese tion had risen to 1,579,994, from 713,259 1n In fact, one daughter once asked Mrs. Sulz­ counterparts posed to the security of the 1935. berger if Mr. Sulzberger "were the kind of United States. He also saw clearly the conse­ In keeping with the publisher's goals of man who gave bracelets to chorus girls." quent necessity of a wholehearted partner­ service, as well as success, The Times carried In adversity he kept a sense of humor and ship with those nations which were this on Mr. Ochs's Christmastime appeal, the a sense of proportion. In 1953, when a strike country's natural allies in the cause of free­ Hundred Neediest Cases. From 1912 through closed The Times, he sat in his office, not the 1967 appeal, it raised $18,233,133 for mar dom. brooding but writing a bit of doggerel, a wry The battle for democracy on the inter­ jor Roman Catholic, Protestan"t; and Jewish comment on the suspension of publication: national front was the primary concern of charities. Mr. Sulzberger during the thirties and From his work at The Times, the publisher "He worked very hard and he never watched was precipitated into numberless related du­ the clock forties, but it by no means measured the And he polished up the handle of the scope of his interest and convictions. He had ties. Many of these pertained to the paper's a lively sympathy with the downtrodden radio station and a Canadian newsprint com­ big front door. By dint of hard labor he rose to the top, ,, and oppressed of every race, color and creed, pany, the Spruce Falls Power and Paper Com­ and he profoundly desired see the people pany, Ltd., in which The Times held a 42 And in 35 years The Times was no more. to of the United States move forward steadily per cent interest. His humor often took elaborate visual 318 ·EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 7, 1969 . to new social gains and broader opportuni· that no fear or favoritism. no factor of par­ as complete and as even-handed a record of ties. He wanted especially to safeguard the tisanship, no hlnt of outside pressure need contemporary history as good faith and hard fundamental principles of the Bill of Rights, disturb the even ten.or of their work. They work would permit. and in the extent to and he was never happier than when he had knew that what their publisher asked of which he succeeded. he has profoundly af­ thrown The Times Into the thick of the them was an honest reporting of the day's fected the course of American journalism fight at whatever point the liberties of a free news and a faithful accounting to their and measurably improved one of the chief people were threatened by an overzealous readers. means by which people in a democracy can committee or a reckless demagogue. Arthur Sulzberger became the publisher of come to grips with the issues of the day. He was by nature a liberal in the best sense The Times at one of the critical moments of He was, above all, a man with a profound of the word, and he guided, encouraged and this century. In Europe a new and evil to­ faith in the democratic proce~ man in­ strengthened The Times in a liberal direction talitarianism had just come to power. In Asia stinctively loyal to the traditions of fair play without at any time being guilty of the the first act o~ a second world war was al­ and instinctively ready to challenge history domineering traits that characterized so ready in the making. In the United States and sectarianism whenever they threatened many of the more flamboyant and less effec­ the aftermath of a great depression had the liberties of a free people. tive publishers of his and previous genera­ brought a fresh awakening of conscience and This was Arthur Sulzberger-a dedicated tions. Mr. Sulzberger, urbane and sophisti­ a new conception of the proper relationship man, an upright man, a loyal friend, a great cated as he was, preferred to lead and direct between a government and its people. publisher and a useful citizen. rather than to exercise the mailed fist. The new publisher of The Times welcomed We say good-by to him with sorrow, but Guided by the highest principles of the news­ the opportunity for his newspaper to express with gratitude for his years among us. paper profession and armed with complete its views on these and other great issues of a integrity and firmness of purpose, he proved new day. Under his guidance and with his [From the New York Times, Dec. 16, 1968] to be one of the most effective and influential intimate participation in every editorial de­ TEXT OF TRIBUTE BY RESTON AT SULZBERGER publishers of his era. cision, The Times called for a close union SERVICE Every facet of the many-sided business of of the democracies to meet the threat of the (Tribute delivered yesterday by James Res­ publlshing a newspaper responsive to the new totalitarianism. It gave prompt support ton, executive editor of The New York public's need for trustworthy information to the United Nations. It endorsed lend-lease engaged his attention. He was fortunate in and foreign aid. It urged action by the na­ Times, at a memorial service for Arthur receiving a thorough grounding in the com­ tional government to improve the schools, Hays Sulzberger) plexities of publishing a large daily news­ The purpose of this service of remem­ to build new homes, to befriend the old, the brance is to pause for a few minutes to paper through some fifteen years of service infirm and the unprotected. It played its with his father-in-law, Mr. Ochs, architect part in the unremitting effort to achieve a think about the meaning of a life--rather of the modern New York Times; and he car­ full measure of civil liberties and to win for than the moment of a death. We have come ried on the task with vigor and devotion. He every American the right to hold his head here to pay our respects to our dear friend was by nature a builder in the literal as well high, regardless. and to his family. And in the process, I hope as figurative sense; he took keen delight and The broad range of interests reflected in we may for.tify our faith in human decency direct personal interest in the physical ex­ these editorial opinions found expression also and renew our courage by trying to recall pansion of The Times plant as well as in its in those activities outside the field of jour­ something of the magic of his per.sonality constantly broadening news coverage of nalism in which a busy publisher found time and the quality of his work and character. every facet of human existence in every to play a part. Arthur Sulzberger's interest We cannot help but grieve at such a time, corner of the world. He sought constantly to in education found an outlet in his long serv­ but we are not called upon to be morbid. expand and deepen the range of this news­ ice as a trustee of Columbia University. The For Arthur Hays Sulzberger was, among many paper's reporting and interpretation of the other things, a joyous man. Five years ago, profited from his when he was already seriously ill, he wrote news. alert interest in its far-flung activities. Of out the instructions for this occasion. Arthur Sulzberger was a faithful friend the American National Red Cross he was an There were to be none of the ghoulish and joyous companion, a man of high spirit incorporator and a member of its central trappings of death, he said. No fancy casket, with a ready wit that would break through committee. The Congregation of Temple no mountains of flowers smelling of the grave even his grievious illness of recent years. He Emanu-El and the directors of the .Metro­ and, on pain of eternal punishment--for was a man who liked to play as well as work, polltan Museum of Art knew him as a trus­ some reason not quite clear to me--.no Mo­ a man with a warm heart and fine zest for tee and a friend. To these, and to other fine zart. He had a thing about Mozart and he w,as life. This was a man of deep conscience, organizations he brought the rich by-prod­ forever chasing the poor man off the Times steady purpose and a passion for fair play. ucts of his experience as a publisher. radio station. It is hard to say good-by to such a man. He brought more than this. For when we have chronicled, even so briefly, the activities It is not easy for a man at the top of a .and the interests of the man, there remains newspaper to be joyful these days. Those .of [From the New York Times, Dec. 13, 1968] the man himself, and the man himself had us who report have fun: this age may not AN APPRECIATION: ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER make sense but it makes news. But a news­ much to give to any enterprise with which paper publisher is a little like a doctor: he (By Charles Merz) he was associated. spends a good deal of his time listening to (NoTE.-Mr. Merz, Editor Emeritus of The He was a courageous man: over a long people who have a pain. Also, Arthur Sulz­ Times, served as Editor of this newspaper, period of years he had suffered more than berger did not have the good fortune to lead under Mr. Sulzberger as Publisher, from 1938 his share of severe and even ·crippling ill­ the paper in a calm or joyous time. to 1961.) nesses, but he never lost either the zest or BECAME PUBLISHER IN 1935 Arthur Sulzberger was a dedicated man. the habit of hard work. We, who were his friends, know this. We He was a companionable man: he liked He becMne publisher in 1935 during the have watched him at his work. We have seen people; he liked travel; he liked the comforts economic depression and endured the tu­ how high he set his standards. We have of life. but he did not care much for its ex­ mult of three wars until the end. This wae a found, in the seemingly endless pages of the trava.gance; he liked good food and drink; time, first, of drift and hallucination, then great newspaper whose destiny he long di­ he liked games, if he did not have to watch of unspeakable violence and disorder, lead­ rected, proof of his devotion to what was other people play them. ing to the transformation of our professional best a.nd most valid in the traditions of He was a strong family man, almost con­ life, of our national life, and of the larger American journalism. tinually surrounded in his out-of-office life of the human family. He had inherited from a hours, by children and grandchildren, and Still, he presided over The Times during great responsibility. It was his constap.t ef­ happy to be so encompassed; blessed with this convulsive period with rare good judg­ fort to meet this responsib111ty, to improve a lovely and understanding wife. three ment, unfailing human consideration, and a the fine product which thus came to his daughters who were devoted to him and a remarkable combination of seriousness and hand and to make it a still more useful in­ son to whom he was proud to hand over merriness. Few arguments .ever became stri­ strument of knowledge and persuasion ln the reins of authority.. dent for long at his council table before be the llfe of the American people. This was a He was an optimistic man: confident, as broke the tension with an amiable jest. challenge he could not refuse. This was the he demonstrated time and again, that the He had a wonderful compassion for the opportunity he r'l eagerly accepted. This was best days lay ahead; the record shows that weaknesses of the human spirit and hated the thrilling adventure to which he devoted some of the boldest steps in the expansion gossip and personal criticism or spite. No­ more than forty yea.rs. of the facilities of The Times and some of body ever made a silly fool of himself with­ He was a dedicated man. He was also an its most ambitious commitments were made ,out being told to forget it. Was anybody sick upright man. His formidable predecessor in an uncertain time. or in trouble? Arthur Sulzberger was usually had set for him the high ideal of reporting He was a reasonable man: he did not like the first to help out. Were families separated the news of an increasingly complex world his colleagues to agree with him merely be­ ln the serviee of the paper? He was usually "impartially, without fear or favor, regard­ cause he was in a position of authority; if the first to remember. less of any party, sect or interest involved." there was disagreement, he preferred an argu­ He kept a "calendar of kindness" and was It was a precept that demanded rigorous ment, and if the man who held the opposing forever sending uotes or genial rhymes, .or honesty. He had no diftlculty in following it view had the· better of the argument that presents, to mark birthdays or anniversariea. because he was an instinctively honest man. man's view prevailed. not only to his own loved ones, but to the The thousand& of men and women who mak-e He was a purposeful man: it was his firm larger 'family of The Times,~ th.J widening The New York 'Ii.mes knew this. They knew intention to make his newspaper as accurate, circle ot his friends. -January 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 319 I have known a lot of good newspapermen When we come to assess his contributions The result was that men went away from and a lot of good family men, but not so to his newspaper and profession, we have to him feeling that they had been heard out to many who were both. There is an unfailing do so without any self-glorification on his the end and that they were treated fairly, for rule of life-that news always breaks just part. It may have occurred to a few of you he had the gift of reminding us, by his gusto when a man is supposed to be going home. from time to time that modesty is not the and his example, of the decencies of life. But Arthur Sulzberger, late home or not, newspaperman's most prominent charac­ If you have any doubt about the enduring somehow managed to reconclle his profes­ teristic. quality of his example and character, all you sional and family responsibilities. But Arthur Sulzberger was a genuinely have to do is look around. He was an incorrigible poet, cartoonist, modest man. A year after he became pub­ The new generation of this family is al­ story-teller, amateur painter, interior deco­ lisher, he wrote, "I find myself not as an ready in place, with another Arthur Sulz­ rator, drink-mixer and furniture-mover. arbitrary wielder of authority but rather as berger at its head, and has carried The Times For twenty years he moved the furniture a servant to the course of events, over which to even greater successes than ever before, up and down and around the old family I have no control and to which I must react." and they are going to have to step lively, for house at 5 East 80th Street, and then, when Even after he had been on The Times for the next generation is already knocking he was finally satisfied with the arrange­ forty years, during which he had led it to at the door. ment, he sold the house. spectacular successes, he was giving most of The test of great leadership is whether it There was an irrepressible streak of Lewis the credit to his associates and conceding leaves behind a situation which common Carroll in him, and he turned his home into only that "the backs of my ears are not as sense and hard work can deal with success­ a wonderland of his own. Who but A.H.S. wet as they were ..." fully. would name two of his children Punch and He was mortally afraid of abusing personal Reverence for the symbol and fearlessness Judy? Who but he could sit on the stairs power, or the power of the paper. He was al­ of revision-all that we have and mean to with the children on his way to a party­ ways reminding himself that even in private defend-all that and Iphigene Ochs Sulz­ demonstrating the art of blowing out his conversation what he said might carry un­ berger, and her children, and their children, collapsed tall silk opera hat? intended significance because of the position who will learn the art in their time. He wrote and illustrated books for the he held, and either hurt somebody or give children-about Ellie (the elephant) and one of his reporters the wrong idea that he [From the Washington Post, Dec. 12, 1968) Allie (the alligator), who turned into pigs wanted his views refiected in the paper. ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER when any of the children ate too much ice Shortly after Arthur Hays Sulzberger By any standard that may be applied, cream. joined The Times-almost 50 years ago--Al­ His production of illustrated letters to the Arthur Hays Sulzberger was a great figure fred North Whitehead wrote a little book in journalism. It was his good fortune to family was prodigious. He always portrayed called "Symbolism" in which he said some­ himself as Barney Google. He celebrated Aug. inherit from his father-in-law, Adolph S. thing which, for me, describes with remark­ Ochs, the position of publisher of the New 14-the date he first proposed and was re­ able precision Arthur Hays Sulzberger's prob­ York Times at the death of the latter in jected-by presenting Iphigene one year with lems and achievements on The Times. 1935. The Times was already an eminent a beautifully iced cake, made entirely of "It is the first step in wisdom," Whitehead wood. journal of wide influence. By patient atten­ wrote, "to recognize that the major advances tion to details and an unflagging interest When she finally did agree to marry him in civilization are processes which all but under a tree at Lake George, he had the in the sweep of world events he built it into wreck the society in which they occur . . . a greater institution of global dimensions. tree moved to their house in Westchester COMPETITIVE BUSINESS County. When the eldest of his three daugh­ One of his primary interests appears to ters was married, he wandered around the "The art of free society consists, first, in have been to strengthen the reputation of wedding reception with a sign on his back, the maintenance of the symbolic code, and the Times as a "paper of record." But he reading: "If you liked the setting and the secondly, in fearlessness, of revision.... also played a leading role in the development ceremony, remember I have two more." Those societies which cannot combine rever­ of interpretative reporting and caused the ence to their symbols with freedom of re­ Times to speak out more clearly and strongly SENSE OF PERSPECTIVE vision, must ultimately decay from anarchy on the issues before the United States and Though he was deeply involved in life, or from ... slow atrophy.... " the world. there was something in him that stood apart. This may help us understand. Newspaper­ Though he hated ostentation and worked His sense of humor was really a sense of ing is a savagely competitive business. You most effectively in the background, he be­ perspective, and he used it to a purpose. have to make major advances or die. The came a powerful influence in the country His rhymes were kisses, and sometimes graveyard of great newspapers, alas, is very for civil rights, freedom and democratic gov­ they were gentle admonitions to the chil­ wide and deep, but Arthur Sulzberger risked ernment. A profound believer in the ability dren, and occasionally they were editorials, the changes and made the advances. of people to make wise decisions, if they but always this exuberant capering was the He combined reverence to the symbol and are properly informed, he took a most seri­ expression of a merry and a loving heart. tradition of The Times-and reverence is ous view of the obligation of the press to It is only fair to say that he did not pick the right word-with fearlessness of revision. keep the public informed. up this quality on 43d Street--after all, The This is no time or place for comparisons, but Freedom of the press, he believed, was Times is not widely known as a center of in most newspapers, the owners tend to con­ the right of the reader rather than of the puckish frivolity. solidate and the managers to innovate. publisher. Mr. Sulzberger was well aware This is something he inherited, and he Maybe because Arthur Sulzberger thought of the fact that a great newspaper must be was obviously a poetic spirit before he was of himself in terms of stewardship rather more than the shadow of one man. But in a publisher. He was the second of the three than of ownership, he managed to strike this the long years that he presided over the New sons of Rachael Peixotto Hays and Cyrus L. difficul1i balance between the two, and my York Times the influence of his strong per­ Sulzberger. own experience with him was that he was sonality and his deep convictions about the His eldest brother, Leo, died in 1926. The more fearless in revision than most of us. role of a newspaper in a free land were powerfully in evidence. His death at the age youngest brother, David, died in 1962. Thus What is particularly interesting is how what is passing here is the last member of he did it. He didn't have the particular swing of 77 is a loss not only to journalism but the seventh generation of a remarkable or melody of our craft when he joined The also to the common human struggle for jus­ American family that started here in 1695, tice, decency and honest appraisal of how Times at 27. the world is wagging. before there was an independent country. He never even learned how to run a type­ From this family too, he inherited not only writer. He was not a specialist in gathering a merry but a deeply serious strain which [From the Wall Street Journal, Dec. 16, news or advertising. He was not a prophet 1968) increased as his health and strength ebbed. of the coming age. He was not given to philosophic specula­ He was not full of self-confidence when he A JOURNALISTIC TRADITION tion and wasted little time on phantom took over and he didn't even begin with the Around newspaper city rooms and press­ ideas. But occasionally he scribbled his confidence of all Jiis associates, but by any rooms it is traditional to underrate the role thoughts on a little black notebook that was standards of excellence or commerce or of publishers in the making of a newspaper. always at hand. ethics, he was a remarkable success. But the truth is that no newspaper can be "I have no personal God," he once wrote. greater than the vision and integrity of the "No one who watches over me. No one to SIMPLE INTEGRrrY man who makes the ultimate decisions. whom I am indebted for the gift of life other. The explanation, I believe, was simple in­ The New York Times owes its tradition than my parents, who have been dead for tegrity. He combined a general ease and first of all to Adolph Ochs. That tradition many years. charm in personal relations with good judg­ of excellence, thoroughness and integrity "My prayers are to me. I challenge myself ment, a belief in young men like Orvil Dry­ was continued and strengthened by Arthur to be good to those I love, to treat decently foos and Arthur Ochs Sulzberger and a true Hays Sulzberger, so that today the Times those with whom I come in contract. If I and natural morality of action. is one of the eminent newspapers of the deserve punishment, it will be meted out by He was not a moralizer, but he preserved world. my fellow men or by my own conscience. that vanishing gift of actually listening to With his passing, Arthur Hays Sulzberger That is ever present, and one cannot fool what other people said and then thinking leaves both a priceless gift and a worthy or mislead it." about it before he answered. challenge to those who come after. ·EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Janua.r?J 7, 1969 COMMUNITY CLUBS DAY IN ALBANY camps which does exist-on ideology. The letter says that they do so not to further tactics, and goals, for example-Brown­ Communism, but to advance the aims of the feld details how the shifting being non-Communist organizations. The letter is states: · HON. DANIEL E. BUTTON made by the new left which has modified OP NEW YORK "Communists work in a large number of or moved toward the more stable organi- organizations other than their own. We work IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES zation of the Communists. . in these organizations to achieve the stated Tuesday, January 7, 1969 The relationship exists as one of at­ aims of these organizations-we do not seek tacking the common enemy more often to make them into 'Junior Communist par­ Mr. BUTTON. Mr. Speaker, in support than promoting the common solution, . ties.' We seek to expand the membership, of the fine work done by women's orga­ especially in the fragmented ranks of the and to democratize the structure, of these nizations in the city of Albany, and the new left, but, even so, there is admitted organizations. We also work to raise the ef!orts of radio station WOKO in aiding consciousness of people in these organiza­ use by both camps of the resources of these efforts, I include in the RECORD at tions, as to who their allies and who their the other in pursuit of even these nega­ this point proclamation by the mayor opponents are, as a clear perspective facili­ a tive goals. of Albany, the Honorable Erastus Corn­ tates social struggle. We will be found in Especially interesting is Brownfeld's almost any organization for peace, for jobs, ing, designating January 6, 1969, as Com­ discussion of the new left's association or for freedom ... We join with people in munity Clubs Day in Albany. The proc­ with the Communists in light of their their everyday long-range struggle for a bet­ lamation follows: ignorance of communism's contradic­ ter life." (October 29, 1965) PROCLAMATION OF THE CITY OF ALBANY tions and brutality-the same contradic­ Delineating its criticism of the structure Whereas, the women of the City of Albany of the American university, the letter noted tions and brutality they ascribe to west­ that "Today, the trustees and regents of most are constantly striving through private ern society. means to further the cultural, civic and universities read like a Who's Who of Lily­ charitable aims of our great City; and Although where this partnership is White American Capitalism.... We feel that Whereas, the furtherance of these aims going remains uncertain, where it now the course inadequacies of most universities requires long and dedicated work, and money stands is expertly examined and ex­ refiect the composition of their controlling to finance worthwhile projects; and posed. groups." Whereas, Radio Station WOKO has realized The article follows: Writing in the Communist theoretical jour­ nal, Political Affairs, James Davis states in this need, and will attempt to aid women's THE RELATIONSHIP OF COMMUNISM AND THE organizations through Community Clubs unequivocal terms that Communists are part Awards; and NEW LEFT of the New Left." He asks the following rhe­ Whereas, the largest gathering of womens• (By Allan C. Brownfeld) torical question: organization executives in Albany's history The Communist Party convention for 1968 "Are young Communists not in reality part will meet in the Colonie Center Club Room, was noteworthy in the sense that it marked of the New Left? Is this not so, despite our January 6, 1969, to commence this endeavor; the first time in many years that the party more advanced ideological positions, which Now, therefore, I, Erastus Corning 2nd, had noininated candidates for the otfices o! stems from our adherence to Marxism-Lenin­ Mayor of the City of Albany, New York, in President and Vice President. But it was even ism? Do not we work in all of the New Left cooperation with Radio Station WOKO, do more noteworthy for its statements concern­ organizations: are not there, in fa.ct, vast hereby designate January 6, 1969, as Com­ ing the New Left and the student rebellions differences in the strategy and tactics which munity Clubs Day in Albany, and call upon which have occurred on American campuses have been developed by non-party people in all citizens to fully support the civic, cultural during the past year. these organizations? In other words, I think and charitable womens• organizations in the The leader of the party's youth section it ls wrong to make distinctions in terms of City of Albany. stated that Communist Party members New Left, on the one hand, and the party In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my played leading roles in organizing demonstra­ position on the other. The party, or individ­ hand and caused the Seal of the City of Al­ tions at several colleges. Gus Hall, secretary uals within it, have been working with and in bany to be affixed this 16th day of December, general of the party, declared that the Com­ New Left organizations.'' (March 1968, p. 49) 1968. munists supported the efforts of students to Yet, at the conclusion of the article, Mr. ERASTUS CORNING, win more influence and a greater say in their Davis makes it clear that the goal of Com­ Mayor. colleges and universities. The Communists munists is not simply to assist the New Left did not, however, fail to point out that some to achieve its own goals. "I know/' he cc;m­ of the tactics and approaches entered into cluded, "that in this struggle we will help by the New Left left something to be desired. them and therefore ourselves, and go for­ THE RELATIONSHIP OF COMMU­ ward together.'' NISM AND THE NEW LEFT The movement's theories on revolution and guerrilla warfare, according to the Commu­ The Students for a Democratic Society nists, were no more than "petty bourgeois included in its Port Huron Statement of HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK radicalism" and lacked any basis in reality. 1962 a denunciation of "colonialism, com­ Hall roundly condemned groups which were munism, and anti-communism.'' At its 1965 OF OHIO peddling an "anti-working class. reactionary convention, S.D.S. eliminated from its con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stitution clauses barring "advocates and concept, sugar-coated. by left phrases." apologists of totalitarianism" and opposing Tuesday, January 7, 1969 (Washington Post, July 10, 1968) Commenting upon these pronouncements, "authoritarianism both of Communism and Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the of the domestic right" because they felt that the Washington Post pointed out that "It such provisions were "negative and exetu­ autumn, 1968, edition of the Texas Quar­ used to be the fashion to denounce as fellow sionary" and "smacked of red baiting.'' Thus, terly contained a valuable treatment of travelers anyone who support.ed any move­ S.D.S. decided to welcome Communists ·as the relationship between the new left ment the Communists claimed they were members and participants, seeing no con­ and communism. Author of this article is supporting. But it was the Communists tradiction between the philosophy of the Allan C. Brownfeld, an articulate, well­ themselves who were really the fellow-travel­ New Left and that of the Marxist-Leninist ers-hitchhiking on the bandwagon of so­ left. versed observer of both the radical move­ cial justice." ment and the scope of Communist activi­ The Teasons for this reversal are complex, The New Left has been subjected to criti­ and have not really been defined. One cause ties and aims. In addition to this treat­ cism as being no more than a vanguard for. appears to be the fact that whatever is ment, Mr. Brownfeld is the author of a Communism, and even potentially concilia-. popular and widely done and advocated must report entitled, "The New Left"-246 tory observers have found it difficult to un­ be, for young people, wrong and erroneous. pages-printed as a memorandum pre­ derstand the relationship between the ideol­ If members of the "Liberal Establishment" pared for the Senate Judiciary Com­ ogy of the student rebels and that of Marx­ oppose Communism, do not want Comn:m­ mittee at the request of Senator DODD. ist-Leninist revolutionaries. It ls clear that nists in their ranks, and coll$ider Commu­ there are many differences, but it is also clear nism to be the cause of the Cold War, and I recommend both efforts to anyone in­ that in many instances there is an ever closer terested in understanding the new left since the "Establishment" is wrong ~nd ls partnership. The real relationship of the New creating a hypocritical and·dehumanized so­ and especially their interactions with the Left to Communism 1s more obscure than ciety, then it must follow that the Com­ Communists. And I include the article the supporters and foes of the movement munists are really all right. In other words, from the Texas Quarterly in the RECORD would make it appear. It is a relationship the enemy of my enemy is my friend. following my remarks. involving great passion, but the passions a.re The Communists understand the change Although he finds that the relationship o! both love and hate. Whether it will end in the view o! the New Le!t toward Com­ that does exist is in many instances in fraticide, disillusionment, or union is not munism in much clearer ter.:m.s than do other a yet possible to say. · close partnership, he also believes, and I observers. lnitially, the New Left stated its In a letter published in the Harvard Crim­ opposition to all forms ot tota11tar1an.1sm. think correctly, that a final agglomera­ son from the .Boston Youth Club o! the But, as its philosophy evolved, all opposition tion, or lack of one, cannot be predicted. Communist Party, it is stated quite clearly to totalitarianism on the left seemed to Given the separation between the two that Communists join in New Left groups. wither away. January 7, 1'969 EX'l'ENSIONS-- OF REMARKS : 321 Commenting on this change, Bob Heisler, termination for all peoples and are truly make a basic reappraisal not only of our for­ wrote the following in PoZitwaz Affairs: committed to the cause of peace, still do not eign policy, but of the manner in which it is "The New Left has undergone basic changes understand that the socialist countries are formulated. Many of us a.re no longer criti­ 1n the past six years. These changes have the greatest foree for peace and the greatest cizing President Johnson or others because by and large all been in a positive direction. allies of national liberation movements. Nor they made a wrong decision at some point­ On the attitude of the New Left to the So­ do they realize that it is due to Soviet, we are attacking President Johnson's right cialist World: It was not so long ago when Chinese and Vietnamese prudence today that to make the decision in the first place. (De­ the dominant attitude among the radical we are still alive. cember 1965, p. 8) youth of the sixties was a "third camp" Though championing the New Left, work­ Concerning the subject of Communism, position proclaiming a plague on both your ing with it, and even claiming to be an inte­ Emspack was quite clear: houses to the east and west . . . The in­ gral part of it, the Communists are some­ . . . the nature of the peace movement creasing successes of the worldwide national what concerned with the failure of the New is changing. We are not a "loyal opposi­ liberation movements, the Cuban revolution, Left to apply the Marxist philosophy to all tion" peace movement. We are a peace and especially the radicalizing and deepen­ situations. The Communists fear that the movement that will continue to attack the ing effect that U.S. naked aggression in New Left critique of the American society nation's politics in time of war if we feel Vietnam has had on the thinking of today's will not go far enough, and will not result that the policy is morally and politically Left youth have all been factors in turning in an awareness by young people that only wrong. The internal nature of the peace many Left youth from the "third camp" Communism can cure the problem. movement is changing. Many of us will not stance of yesterday to today's wide-spread The difference between the "alienation" of accept any reason for excluding anyone from New Left recognition of the role Of U.S. the New Left and that discussed in Marxism participating in the fight for peace ... foreign policy as the main source of the was pointed out by Don Hammerquist in an What this means is that while Communists world's tension." (March, 1966, p. 46) article in Political Affairs: were often excluded from non-Communist Concluding his analysis of the change "In this country there is the New Left whose demonstrations and efforts at the beginning which has overcome the New Left, Mr. Heisler critique of capitalism (or the system of the of the New Left's movement against the war, notes that "The New Left has moved from Establishment) is based on what it does to they were later welcomed as allies in a similar an abstract concern for freedom from 'totali­ individuals and to their relationships with and just cause. tarian' governments which characterized its each other. For them, the alienated indi­ The Communist Party has been vitally con­ thinking during the 'third camp' stage to a vidual, not the exploited class, is the primary cerned with the growth of the New Left and concern for freedom here in America in the point of reference. You can see this in their has made every effort to increase its own nitty gritty terms of an end to poverty, jim terminology, in such key concepts as: multi­ influence within the movement. In his key­ crow, and an assertion of the right to dissent versity, Establishment (bureaucracy, ma­ note address at the eighteenth national Con­ • . ." Heisler expresses the view that "The nipulation--or, at the other pole-commu­ vention of the Communist Party, U.S.A., New Left has moved steadily toward a Marxist nity, love, participation, commitment. But, leader Gus Hall stated: approach to this problem. This has also af­ usually this is not the alienated individual "The most advanced sector of the broad fected the attitudes toward coalition ... of Marxist theory, whose alienation stems developing force of the new political con­ Where three years ago exclusion was the rule, from the nature of the work-process under sciousness is the emerging left trend. This today it is literally a dirty word." capitalism. Instead, it is closer to the is the expression of the process of radicaliza­ The Communists at some times feel the alienated individual of the existentialist-­ tion that takes place as a result of all cur­ isolated, "lonely," condemned to total re­ rent struggles. Thus there is a left trend in need to deny that their association with the the peace movement, in the civil rights move­ New Left is aimed at advancing Communism, sponsibility for his actions, defenseless in his ment, in the labor movement, amongst the but at other times they make this quite clear; "absurd" struggle with the forces which op­ very active and militant women's movements. Political Affairs for March 1966 states that press him." (October 1966, p. 20) - It is an especially powerful factor in the "We view united fronts as a necessary tactical Hammerquist mocked the philosophy of youth movement." (June 22-26, 1966) and strategic tool for the accomplishments of "nonviolence" to which a portion of the New Hall stated that the Communist Party limited political objectives within the on­ Left adheres, and expressed the view that should be the catalyst and teacher of the going struggle for the long-range goal of "The forces brutalizing and degrading man New Left. The New Left, he said, must even­ fundamental social transformation." are so massive that to say that they can only tually make a decision: "Either you stay on The New Left is subject to as much crit­ be countered by personal and doctrinal non­ the level of reforming capitalism as an end icism from its Communist allies as from violence is to say that they cannot be coun­ in itself. Or you move up to a revolutionary those who deplore the fact that Communists tered at all." level where you continue to fight for reforms have been admitted to membership. The fact The Communist answer, which he urged but where you now have a longer range goal, that such criticism is friendly, and is meant the New Left to accept, and which some seg­ where you will now use the objective devel­ to correct certain "fallacies" in the New ments of the New Left appear to have ac­ opments to bring an end 1io capitalism and Left's world view is certainly true. But it 1s cepted, is that " ... it can be countered by its replacement by socialism.'' also true that the New Left, for all its :flirta­ overthrowing the social conditions and insti­ While the New Left has failed to under­ tion with the Communists, and for all its tutions responsible." stand the goals which the Communists have willingness to be used by the Communists, Though the Communists applaud the New with regard to dominating the movement and has not yet adopted a Marxist concept of man Left's critique of what is wrong with altering its course to serve Communist pur­ and society. America, they feel that the New Left's only poses, these goals have been set forth vividly Michael Myerson, formerly international answer is "to live the good life, to transform and clearly as can be seen from these ex­ secretary of the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs, states yourself and to transcend your circum­ cerpts. that the refusal to go the whole way with stances." The Communist answer, of course, The New Left, in a variety of circumstances, Communist ideology is a contradiction in the is to transform society, through the use of has faced Communism in a variety of ways. thinking of the New Left. force if nec·essary. Part of it is avowedly Marxist, supporting the Writing in the New World Review, he noted The teaching function of Communism has Viet Cong in the war in Vietnam and urging that such a contradiction ". . . is in large had a significant effect upon the thinking a. total transformation of our society along part a legacy of McCarthyism, dliring which of the New Left. More and more the New Left Communist lines. Another part of the New U.S. radicalism, and its young successors, has come to agree that society must be to­ Left welcomes Communist participation in were severely damaged. Thus, the new radi­ tally transformed before any of what it con­ its organizations, while not accepting a cals of the sixties have no real bridge with siders to be present evils may be corrected. Marxist critique of the problems of the their past, and consequently they often lack In addition, its view of what Communism is American society. These New Left members historical perspective. This phenomenon really about has undergone a significant speak of participatory democracy rather than manifests itself in difi'erent ways. Some of change. the dominance of the proletariat. The Com­ the New Left believe that 1960 was the year In an article in The New World Review, munists hope that with increased efforts one; nothing else matters. Others, while re­ Frank Emspack, chairman of the National they can convert these non-Marxist New Left jecting exclusionary policies of anti-Commu­ Coordinating Committee to End the War In members to their own way of thinking. nism, are deeply a_ffected by the constant Vietnam, which has its headquarters in In his volume, A Prophetic Minority, Jack barrage of myths that come at them in Madison, Wisconsin, set forth the perspec­ Newfield, one of the early participants in the school, in church, on television, in the papers, tive which the New Left has adopted con­ movement, states that many New Left mem­ etc. So there is a subtle New Left 'anti-Com­ cerning both foreign policy on the one hand bers " ... are wmetimes hopelessly romantic, munism' or rather 'know-nothingism.' One and the role of Communists in the move­ especially romantic about unromantic aber­ third of the world (that third which is in ment on the other. rations like violence and authoritarianism. deepest sympathy with the young radicals He stated: Some of them don't quite understand what here) is considered irrelevant. The other two Many people in the peace movement have non-democratic socialism has done to the thirds are 'relevant' but it is unclear in what begun to view foreign policy and foreign lives of those who live under its yoke.... " way." (November 1966, p. 60} policy making in a fundamentally different (New York, New American Library, March Myerson criticized the New Left for its light. Rather than looking at it as something 1967, p. 17) political lack of sophistication, and notes that is decided -by those in authority-by In his introduction to A Prophetic Minor­ that: the "experts"-the peace movement has ity, Michael Harrington, long-time leader of Many young people now becoming Left in begun to show that foreign policy should the League for Industrial Democracy, stateb, this country, who fiercely believe in self de- be decided by all of us. We have begun to " . the a-Communism of the New Left la CXV--21-Part 1 322 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 7, 1969 too agnostic a position in a world in which "The.. s't!udent groups affiliated with the old Disc.ussing this German youth group, Pro­ the bureaucratic collectivist society of Com­ sects-Communist, Trotskyist, and Social­ fessor Walter Laquer of the Institute of Con­ munism is both a model for forced indus­ ist--remain small and isolated and are seen temporary History in London points out that: trialization (China) and for the continua-. by the New Left as elitist, doctrinaire, and It all sounded very profound and various tion of dictatorship even after capital has manipulative. The enthusiasts of SNCC and gurus had great acclaim, even though their been accumulated." (p. 13) SDS do not engage in sterile, neurotic de­ parables were hardly applicable at a time of There is no longer within the New Left a bates over Kronstadt or the pinpoints of political and social crisis ... the group broke sizable group which will affirm that Com­ Marxist doctrine. They are thoroughly in­ up. Some became Fascists, others Commu­ munism is totalitarian, as did the Students digenous radicals; tough, demoocatic, inde­ nists. There was the underlying readiness to for a Democratic Society in their founding pendent, creative, activist, unsentimental." believe that not only Germany had failed, but document. While rejecting particular Com­ (Motive, October 1965, p. 21) that society as a whole was in a state of deep munist solutions to particular problems, Answering charges of Communist infiltra­ and irremediable decay. It was an age of un­ many in the New Left now state that there tion of the Student Non-Violent Coordinat­ certainty, of dissolving beliefs and of an ap­ is no danger either to the United States or ing Committee, Jimmy Garrett, writing in proach to nihilism. But since young people, the world from the left. All such dangers, the organization's April 1965 newsletter, as a rule, do not persist in nihilism for very they state, emanate from the right. states: "Man, the Communists, they're empty long, except as a pose, everyone was very In October 1967, a meeting took place in man, empty. They've got the same stale ideas, desperately groping for revolutionary new Czechoslovakia between forty Americans and the same bureaucracy . ... When he gets ideas and solutions to the problem. (Wash­ two delegations of Vietnamese revolution­ mixed up with us, a Commie dies and a per­ ington Post, January 7, 1968) aries. Christopher Jencks, a young writer on son develops. They're not subverting us, we're Laquer believes that the youthful rebellion the staff of The Ne;w Republic, attended this subverting them." cannot be psychologically explained in meeting and upon his return described his Many intellectuals on the "Old Left," often pseudo-Marxist terms with reference to eco­ own impressions of the New Left partici­ critical of the war in Vietnam themselves, nomic grievances but, on the contrary, such pants. have been very critical of the New Left and rebellions occur only in times of prosperity He stated, "To me, the most striking fact its excesses. Thomas Kahn of the League for and after a prolonged period of uninterrupted about the young radicals was the extent to Industrial Democracy called the New Left economic growth. which they identified with the Viet Cong. "panic disguised as moral superiority." He states: This identification was almost entirely con­ Bayard Rustin, the civil rights leader, warned That a youth movement of protest did not fined to people born after the outbreak of that the New Left is displaying "a groping develop in 1930 or in 1946 is no accident. World War II." (New Republic, October 21, fascination with violence.. " Irving Howe noted In a real crisis, few people have the time or 1967, p. 21) that "What you have in the New Left is inclination to ponder the discontents of He expressed the view that the New Len's denunciatory revolutionary talk among civilization and cultural pessimism becomes sympathy for the Viet Cong was not based young people who don't have the slightest a luxury few can afford. There are more on any similarity of style or temperament. revolutionary impulse. It leads to souring urgent tasks to be faced, such as the question The Viet Cong who met in Czechoslovakia and to enormous malaise." These thoughts of physical survival. The restlessness of were "dignified, restrained, disciplined and were expressed at a meeting held in New youth, its innate revolutionary spirit, its apparently selftess ... about as unlike the York's Woodstock Hotel in May 1967. (New unwillingness to accept established norms is spontaneous Americans as any group could York Times, May 17, 1967, p. 33) a natural part of the human condition, but conceivably be." What, then, is the tie which Many on the pro-Communist left are con­ it can manifest itself in the particular way held the two apparently dissimilar groups cerned with the fact that some are attempt­ we are now experiencing only in times of together? ing to draw clear lines between the New relative peace and prosperity and only in a Jencks described their affinity for one an­ Left and the Marxist and Maoists. Carl bourgeois milieu. (Washington Post, Janu­ other this way: Braden, executive director of the Southern ary 7, 1968) "The common bond between the New Left Conference Education Fund, made this clear: The earlier movement was a protest against and the National Liberation Front is Let's avoid the use of the term New Left what young people considered to be outworn not . . . a common dream or a common ex­ unless it is in a quotation by someone. The traditions and values. But the earlier move­ perience but a common enemy; the U.S. term is nonsensical, in my opinion; it was ment also created new ideas and new forms Government, the system, the Establish­ devised and has been pushed into the vo­ of expression. The current movement has ment. The young radicals' admiration for cabulary by social democrats for the purpose been less strong on the creative side. Laquer the NL.F. stems from the feeling that the of trying to keep young people away from said that the older movement developed in N.L.F. is resisting The Enemy successfully, the so-called Old Left, to wit, the Marxist its members ,.qualities of sincerity, decency, whereas they are not." parties and militant independent socialists. open-mindedness and idealism." But it also The basis for coalition in this sense is not (National Guardian, May 13, 1967) made them "profoundly anti-democratic" what you are for, but what you are against. The Communists have for many years at­ and the. "easy prey of philosophical charla­ It is possible to oppose the system of gov­ tempted to use "the peace movement" for tans and political demagogues preaching all ernment and decision making in the United kinds of eccentric doctrines." States from many diffeTent vantage points, their own purposes. In an article published in 1958, Communist Party leader Arnold What the New Left has accepted, by and including all possible variations of the to­ Johnson urged Communists to "support, en­ talitarian approach. The new Left has not large, is not Communism, or Marxism, but a courage and help develop broad community destructive nihilism. While urging "partici­ yet accepted any of these totalitarian ap­ peace movements and organiztions centering proaches, but insist upon believing that a patory democracy" they have turned to such at present on the issue of stopping the philosophers as Professor Herbert Marcuse as common enemy is in some way a basis for atomic tests." He told party members to be friendship and even partnership. their heroes. In a book called "A Critique of ftexible, to be willing to work with pacifists Pure Tolerance," Marcuse gives us some idea The New Left understands the inequities and conscientious objectors. The reason: our society has placed in the path of its why the New Left is so strenuous a.bout Negro citizens. It understands that our his­ In working with others, it often means claiming liberty for itself but unwilling to tory books may say one thing, and that real­ finding a new formulation in a speech which grant liberty to others. People confused about ities at different times and places may give is more expressive of the common objective. politics, he says, don't really know how to evidence of a contradictory feeling. Young We can afford to learn from others while use freedom of speech correctly-turning people are aware of the double standards contributing our ideas. We must demonstrate such freedom into "an instrument for ab­ practiced by their parents and their teach­ our ability to function within the bounds of solving servitude," so that "that which is radically evil now appears as good." They ers. an organizational program . . . peace is the What they do not know is that all of us central issue of our politics and our orga­ employ their freedom for improper purposes. are fallible human beings, and none of us nization. ("Halt the Tests" in Party Voice, Having established this premise, Marcuse is prefect. This, perhaps, is learned with No. 2, 1958) recommends "the withdrawal of toleration time. They are unaware of the Soviet murder The Communists, in recent years, have been of speech and assembly from groups and movements which promote aggressive poli­ Of the Kulaks, they are unaware of the implementing the policy which Arnold John­ Soviet persecution of the Jews, they do not son set forth in 1958. They have attempted cies, armament, chauvinism, racial and re­ seem to know that the Hungarian Revolu­ to use the New Left, the peace movement, ligious discrimination or which oppose the tion was put down with the use of extraordi­ and other dissenting groups to support Com­ extension of public services." He says the cor­ narily brutal force, they have not read munist aims. Often, they have met with rect political attitude is one of "intolerance Khrushchev's admission of the brutality great success. against movements from the right and tol­ practiced under Stalin. Thus, Communism The New Left has been compared with a eration of movements from the left." While enters the picture with its verbal pronounce­ group called the Wandervogel which existed Marcuse. is critical of the bureaucratizaition ments of a better and less hypocritical world. in Germany in the period after World War I . of the Soviet Union and Ohina, what he pro­ Young people, wishing to believe the best Its gospel was "love, not power" and it found poses, in essence, is a dictatorship of the left. and not knowing any better, think they have many disciples, traveling from town to town. The New Left knows that the American found a new truth. The current period for The long ha.ired boys and girls, walking bare­ society of today is rapidly moving toward one the New Left seems to be a period Of grap­ footed or with sandals, often practiced free in which the individual may become obsolete. pling with it. love and displayed many flowers. Wreaths Professor Zibigniew Brzezinski of Columbia One student, attempting to explain the with thousands of ftowers were in evidence at University and conservative commentator distinction between the New Left and Com­ their meetings, and wherever they went they James Burnham. have both agreed that there munism stated that.: attracted many converts. is a strong reactionary element in the New January 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 323 Left rebellion. Observing the coming age of the Washington, D.C., Evening Star and China" or "Mainland China" must not be technocracy, the New Left resembles the Lud­ from the Toronto Globe and Mall as used. Instead the Communist nation should dites who, at the time of the Industrial Rev­ follows: be referred to by its formal title, "The Peo­ olution, smashed all of the machines, hoping ple's Republic of China." thereby to forestall their effect. [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, Similarly, another memorandum instructed The values enunciated by the New Left Dec. 19, 1968] that all official correspondence refer to the often sound quite conservative: individual­ CANADA REPORTED PLANNING FULL RECOGNI­ Taiwan Nationalist regime simply as the ism, democracy, decentralization. The tactics, TION OF PEKING "Government of Formosa." however, are far different. They involve vio­ (By Michael Cope) lence, and the silencing of all those who CRITICISM FORESEEN disagree. Also involved is a blindness to his­ ToRONTO.-Canada has suddenly decided Undoubtedly the Canadian decision will be tory, and a willingness to make common to seek full diplomatic relations with Com­ unpopular in Washington and reflects Tru­ cause with Communism, a movement which munist China. The move also may mean deau's decision to chart an independent for­ stands for all of the things which the New breaking off relations with Chiang Kai-shek's eign policy course which will certainly be in Left so vigorously opposes, except that the Nationalist government in Taiwan. conflict with U.S. policies. New Left does not seem aware of this reality. The Canadian decision, reportedly taken at One Ottawa source suggested, though, it a cabinet meeting in Ottawa yesterday, and If the New Left suc~eds in tearing down was Trudeau's belief that the new Nixon a. society about· whose replacement it seems still not officially announced, is the first ma­ administration will be most flexible at the unconcerned, it may be certai:µ that others jor policy shift by · Prime Minister Pierre­ beginning of its term of office. have a blueprint for such a contingency. Elllott Trudeau. Canada's first ambassador to Communist This is what the Communists are counting It is part of a wide-ranging over-all foreign China is expected to be Chester Ronning, 73, on, and the New Left, if it is to remain true policy review ordered by Trudeau following the country's foremost expert on Asian affairs to its own highest ideals, must not permit his 's win in last June's general who was born at Fancheng in Hupeh prov­ itself to play the role of a Trojan horse. This election. Other policy changes still under ince, where his parents were Norwegian Lu­ remains one of the most serious challenges consideration include possible Canadian theran missionaries. He speaks fluent Man­ faced by the movement. withdrawal from both NATO and NORAD darin. (North American Air Defense Command). "It is impossible to deal successfully with The China question was reportedly de­ Asia's problems until we recognize what has cided before the other issues so Canada's taken place in China and set up diplomatic new position could be announced before machinery to cope with the many problems CANADA AND NATO President-elect Richard M. Nixon is sworn in which must be dealt with to ensure peaceful on Jan. 20. settlements," he has declaTed. KEY TOPIC HON. JOHN R. RARICK It will undoubtedly be a major topic when CANADA'S POSITION ON RHODESIA ATTACKED OF LOUISIANA Secretary of State designate William P. Rog­ IN TORONTO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers meets with Canadian External Affairs "Canada should have voted no," says Minister Mitchell Sharp, probably late next Toronto Globe and Mail. Tuesday, January 7, 1969 month. On October 30th the U.N. Trusteeship Ottawa sources indicated a statement will Committee passed a resolution calling for Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, why should be made by the government after the New NATO leaders plead with Prime Minis­ the use of force against Rhodesia despite the Year's holiday. objections of the main Western nations in­ ter Trudeau of Canada to remain in Ever since he took over as prime minister cluding Britain and the U.S., who voted NATO? from Lester Pearson last April, Trudeau has against the·resolution. The Canadian repre­ Canada, under Trudeau, has compro­ been in favor of recognizing the Peking sentative, however, abstained and subse­ mised its position with the free world regime. quently, when the resolution went to the and should be excluded from NATO par­ As long ago as last May 29 he said: "We General Assembly, abstained again. An edi­ ticipation in the interests of national have an economic interest in trade with torial in the Toronto (Ontario) Globe and China and a political interest in preventing Mail early in November severely criticised defense and national security. tensions between China and its neighbors, Our State Department and military the Canadian position. but especially between China and the United "Why," it states, "did Canada's repre­ leaders must be aware that last month States. sentative in the United Nations fail to op­ Trudeau's leaders decided Canada MAJOR SPY BASE pose an Afro-Asian resolution before the should not only recognize Red China, but "Canada has long advocated a positive ap­ General Assembly's Trusteeship Committee also seek full diplomatic relations. proach to mainland China and its inclusion which called, among other things, for the Profit from the sale of Canadian wheat in world affairs." use of force by Britain to oust Ian Smith's to mainland China and Castro's Cuba Ever since this statement the American regime in Rhodesia and for arms and moral may be an excuse for departing from the Embassy in Ottawa reportedly has been support for guerrillas? lobbying strongly to dissuade Canada. A "True, our representative on the com­ free world bloc; however, diplomatic re­ Chinese Communist diplomatic post in Can­ mittee, Marvin Gelber, did not vote for the lations mean exchanges between Canada ada, the Americans have argued, would be­ resolution. Canada simply abstained. But and Communist China which can but come a major spy base and seriously threaten what utter nonsense. One either supports or endanger security with NATO and the North American security. opposes violence-there is no place here for United States as well. Ottawa sources said Trudeau was anxious abstention. . . . We Americans can perform one func­ to adopt a two-China policy-equal recog­ "Mr. Gelber, in an interview, offered this tion to help awaken our friends, the Ca­ nition of both Communist Peking and Na­ justification: 'If Canada ls to do anything nadians, to their retrogressive leader­ tionalist Taiwan-but preliminary talks with in the way of maintaining the usefulness of the Communists suggested Peking insists the Commonwealth in this (Rhodesian) situ­ the Canadian Castro-by boycotting ca.. Canada recognize their sovereignty over all ation, it has to earn the confidence of the nadian products and cutting off Amer­ of China, including Taiwan. African States, who are very skeptical. We ican finance and investment. Simply help The prime minister's earlier reference to are avoiding widening the gap between the the Canadian people decide who they Canada trade relations with Communist white states and others'.... need the most--their American neigh­ China refers to wheat sales in the past few "Among the nine paragraphs on which we bors, tourism, and markets or Trudeau, years. would have abstained on a paragraph-by­ Mao, Castro, and the Communist grain WHEAT ACCORD paragraph vote, the most startling called on market. Under the present three-year wheat agree­ all states to render moral and material Little wonder the Toronto Globe and ment with Peking, which expires next July, assistance to Zimbabwe freedom fighters in the Chinese agreed to buy a maximum of the guerrilla warfare against the Smith Mail questioned the Canadian absten­ 270-milllon bushels of Canadian wheat for regime. Why abstain on this? Are we not tion on the U.N. October 30, 1968, vote $470-milllon. By last month, Peking had opposed to anything that could turn the calling for arms and moral support ordered 255 million bushels. Rhodesian situation from a battle of words for guerrillas-Chinese Communist There have been suggestions in Hong Kong, to a war of weapons? armed and trained-to attack their where Canada conducts most of its trading "Politicians, and nations, cannot please all former Commonwealth allies, Rhodesia relations with the Communists, that future the people all the time. Nor should they. We and South Africa. wheat agreements may depend on diplomatic are not at the United Nations to make recognition. friends by bending our standards; we are The answer is now evident. Trudeau, The Ottawa report that Canada has at last there to influence people by standing up for by voting might have alienated his Com­ decided to grant that recognition is sub­ our principles. As long as paragraphs incit­ munist grain allies with a loss of their stantiated by a memorandum issued by the ing violence were attached to Wednesday's market. External Affairs Department to all Canadian document, 1t was a bad package. Canada Mr. Speaker, I insert clippings from foreign missions that in future the term "Red should have voted no." 324 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 7, 1969 JAMES J.P. McSHANE AT RIGHTS CONFRONTATIONS As a schoolboy, he was a Golden Gloves The burly former New York policeman, champion, fighting as a lightweight at 135 who had shot it out with lawbreakers seven pounds. times in his first two years on the force, was He joined the police force in 1936 and won HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN 12 citations for brave·ry during his 21 years OF NEW YORK present at nearly every major civil-rights confrontation of this decade. on the force. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He supervised Federal marshals sent to WINNING A REPUTATION Tuesday, January 7, 1969 Montgomery, Ala., during the Freedom Ride Mr. Mcshane quickly made his reputation. disturbances in 1961; he was at Tuscaloosa, During his first two years, he killed one Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I would like Ala., in June, 1963, when two Negroes sought man and wounded two others in gun battles. to call to the attention of the House the to enter the University of Alabama, and at When asked how he had escaped the bul­ untimely death of James J.P. Mcshane, Selma, Ala., in March, 1965, during the Free­ lets fired at him, he said: "I went to bobbing­ formerly Chief Marshal of the United dom March there, and he was in charge of and-weaving school." States, who died on December 23, 1968. peace keeping while the Poor People's Cam­ His interest in boxing once led to a tem­ As a policeman and detective for the paign was conducted in Washington last porary demotion. In 1954, Mr. Mcshane while spring. off duty, attended the weighing-in at Madi­ New York City Police Department, and "I wouldn't want to be the one to start son Square Garden of Rocky Marciano, the as Chief U.S. Marshal, Mr. Mcshane was shoving Jim around," said a former col­ world Heavyweight champion, for the fight in dedicated to upholding the law and se­ league, when Mr. McShane retired from the which he successfully defended his title curing justice. His work over the many force in 1957, and went to Washington to against Ezzard Charles. decades with which he was associated become an investigator for a Senate inquiry Mr. Mcshane and the champion were old with law enforcement was always of the into improper activities in the labor and friends. As they left the Garden in the rain, highest quality, and his courage in the management fields. Detective Mcshane obliged the cameramen face of danger never wavered. SCUFFLE AT UNIVERSITY when one of them handed him an umbrella Although his record with the New York Five years later, he scufiled with Paul and asked him to hold it over Marciano's B. Johnson, then Mississippi's Lieutenant head. City Police Department was an outstand­ DEMOTED BY ADAMS ing one, he will probably be best remem­ Governor, at the entrance to the University of Mississippi. Police Commissioner Francis W. H. Adams bered for his work as Chief Marshal dur­ "Governor, I think it's my duty to try demoted Detective Mcshane from second to ing the period of civil rights confronta­ to go through and get Mr. Meredith in third grade and exiled him to the Bronx. tion in the South. He was present at there," Mr. McShane told Mr. Johnson, in The Commissioner said the the photograph nearly every civil lights confrontation of an encounter that was seen by a nationwide gave the impression that New York was us­ this decade. Jim Mcshane personally television audience. ing its police force to grace such ceremonies. escorted James Meredith onto the cam­ The state troopers crowded behind Mr. He also invoked the rule against detectives pus of the University of Mississippi dur­ Johnson, who replied: being photographed lest criminals might get ing the historic confrontation with Mis­ "We are going to block you, and if there to know them on sight. is any violence it will be on your part." Commissioner Adams restored Detective sissippi State officials in 1962. In later "I'm only doing my duty as a United States McShane's grade 10 days later after publicly years he was present at the University marshal," Mr. Mcshane replied. "I would admitting that he had been wrong. of Alabama when two Negroes sought to like to go in." Mr. McShane's outstanding act of police enroll at that school and at Selma dur­ The Chief Marshal then sought to shoul­ heroism occurred on Nov. 9, 1939, when he ing the 1965 freedom march from Selma der his way past the Lieutenant Governor, routed three robbers as they fled from a West to Montgomery. who with the troopers, pushed him back. Side grocery store. He knocked out the look­ out man with his nightstick, shot and killed Whether he was apprehending sus­ REPLY BY JOHNSON one bandit and wounded the third with a pects in New York City or enforcing the Mr. McShane then sought to go around shot through his gun hand. law in the South, he always upheld the the Lieutenant Governor's right side, but This brought him promotion from patrol­ law with the same spirit of impartiality. Mr. Johnson and the troopers pushed him man to detective and a free lunch at City He believed that competent and equitable back again. Hall as the guest of Mayor Fiorello H. La law enforcement was essential to social "We have told you you can't go in and Guardia. justice. His own record as policeman, we intend to use whatever force is neces­ Mr. Mcshane is survived by his widow, the detective, investigator, and Chief U.S. sary," said Mr. Johnson. former Teresa Curtis, a son Michael, a lieu­ The Meredith party, accompanied by a tenant in the Air Force; a daughter Mary Marshal provides an outstanding exam­ state patrol escort and Federal officials, re­ Anne Day of Alexandria, Va.; two brothers, ple of the values he espoused. turned to their cars and drove away. Edward Martin of New York and Arthur Mar­ I first knew Jim Mcshane when I Mr. Meredith was escorted onto the campus tin, both of New York; a sister Mrs. Frank served as Assistant District Attorney of five days later, after a Federal court found Dore of New York, and two gr'andchlldren. New York County and he was a detective Gov. Ross R. Barnett and Mr. Johnson Funeral services will be held Friday at in the New York City Police Department. guilty of civil contempt. 10: 30 A.M. in St. Mary's Roman Catholic Other celebrated cases, included his es­ Church in Alexandria. I shall certainly miss his friendship and corting in July, 1962, of .Dr. Robert A. want to extend my deepest sympathy to Soblen, the convicted Communist spy. So­ Mrs. McShane, their son Michael, their blen, who was expelled from Israel, where daughter Mary Anne, and the other he had sought sanctuary from his life sen­ members of his family. tence in the United States, stabbed himself TRIBUTE TO THE APOLLO 8 At this point in the RECORD I include on an El Al jet en route from Israel to CREWMEN the obituary which appeared in the New the United States. But Mr. Mcshane was not blamed for the suicide attempt because he York Times on December 24, 1968: was to have no direct control over Soblen HON. GEORGE P.. MILLER JAMES MCSHANE, CHIEF MARSHAL WHO ES­ until the plane reached the United States. OF CALIFORNIA CORTED MEREDITH, ls DEAD Soblen recovered from the stab wounds, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON, December 23.-James J. P. but died subsequently after taking an over­ McSha.ne, Chief United States Marshal, died dose of barbiturates. Tuesday, January 7, 1969 today of pneumonia. in the Marsalle rest The powerfully built 6-footer, with thick Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. home. He was 59 years old and lived in Alex­ graying hair became a bodyguard for Sen­ Speaker, on Thursday next the Congress andria. ator John F. Kennedy shortly before the It was Mr. McShane, who, after a 15-hour Democratic National Convention of 1960, of the United States at a joint session riot that capped a week of violence, stood and traveled with him throughout his suc­ will have the opportunity to extend its shoulder-to-shoulder with James H. Mere­ cessful campaign. President Kennedy ap­ highest esteem in admiration to the dith as the Negro student finally walked onto pointed him Chief Marshal in May, 1962. heroic crew of Apollo 8, Col. Frank Bor­ the campus of the University of Mississippi. The nation's top law enforcement officer man, Capt. James A. Lovell, and Lt. Col. That confrontation with Mississippi authori­ found himself temporarily on the wrong William A. Anders. ties at Oxford took place in September, 1962. side of the law, when he was indicted by It is almost impossible to find suffi­ Mr. McShane's death brought a tribute a state court in November, 1962, for "in­ from Attorney General Ramsay Clark, who citing" the riots at the University of Mis­ ciently superlative terms to describe ade­ said: "Jim McShane was totally dedicated to sissippi during which two persons were quately the tremendous achievement of justice. As a policeman, an investigator, killed. · those three great and outstanding United States marshal and finally as Chief James Joseph Pattrick Mcshane was born Americans. Perhaps it would be best if Marshal of the United States, he stood for on St. Patrick's Day 1909, in the shadow of our thoughts turned toward humility excellence in law enforcement." the Polo Grounds. · and gratitude that their mission to the January 7, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 325 moon was such an unqualified success basically identification and mapping func­ density relations to areas in space above the tions, whereas the University of Wisconsin Earth's polar regions. and that they have returned safe and experiment with four telescopes ls capable of Besides launches serving its own experi­ well to the earth. more intensive study of individual stars, ment programs, NASA successfully launched The men of NASA have indeed much planets and outer space phenomena. seven other spacecraft for other agencies or to be proud of during the year 1968 During the first quarter of 1968, OGO-V governments during the year. They included which was capped by the Apollo 8 flight. joined its sister geophysical observatories the NRL Solar Explorer for the U.S. Navy, They should, indeed, take great pride in after its launch March 4, into a long ellipti­ two weather satellites, ESSA VII and VIII, our men and women in and out of Gov­ cal orbit around the Earth. It is concentrat­ for the Environmental Science Services Ad­ ernment who work on our space pro­ ing on a study of energetic particles, electric ministration and Atlantic I of the Intelsat III gram for their dedication and for their and magnetic fields and other phenomena in series for Comsat Corp. Earth's vicinity, while OGO-IV, in a low INTERNATIONAL consistent professional competence. As altitude polar orbit, studies principally the Spacecraft Commander Borman said on Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere, includ­ For the European Space Research Organi­ the deck of the carrier Yorktown, the ing auroral phenomena in the polar cap zation, ESRO-I and II and HEOS-I were regions. launched in NASA's International Coopera­ success of the astronauts was also the tion Program. success of thousands and thousands of OSO-IV, along with its cousin, OSO-III, continued to observe the Sun and its radia­ Also during this year, 35 investigators from people who gave unstintingly of them­ tions from Earth orbit during the year. eight foreign countries were selected to carry selves and their talents of many years OSO-IV was launched in the last quarter of out experiments with the first lunar surface and months to the Apollo program. 1967. samples to be retrieved by NASA. Four con­ The samP. could be said of the success GEOS-II, launched January 11, joined tributed foreign experiments were flown on NASA has achieved in the exploration of GEOS-I in continuing measurements of the NASA spacecraft, 122 sounding rockets were space in many other programs during Earth's gravity field and in establishing more launched in scientific programs with eight 1968. I think it is most appropriate at precisely the shape and size of the planet. countries, geodetic satellite observations were GEOS-II carries a laser detector device carried out with 34 countries, and significant this particular time to include a narra­ which has permitted it to receive and ana­ aeronautical research was conducted with tive chronology of NASA's achievements lyze laser signals beamed at the satellite Canada, France, Germany and the United in space sciences and technology that from Earth stations in a series of continu­ Kingdom. have led to new knowledge and new ing experiments. In May for the first time, MANNED FLIGHT capabilities in our quest to explore space the spacecraft identified a laser beam di­ In manned flight, the decision to boost for peaceful purposes and for th~ bene­ rectly to it while it was illuminated in sun­ Apollo 8 to orbital flight around the Moon fit of all mankind. light. December 21 directly reflected the Apollo pro­ The above-mentioned information Operating from a stationary orbit over the gram's overall maturity and operational follows: Equator at an altitude of 22,240 miles, readiness, progressively demonstrated by NASA's ATS-III continued its signiflcar.t three flights and supporting ground test pro­ In 1968, its Tenth Anniversary year, the contributions to meteorology and communi­ National Aeronautics and Space Administra­ grams during 1968. cations. Its communications channels served The precise reentry and splashdown Oc­ tion marked a decade of progress in all to augment commercial circuitry in helping aspects of space exploration and rallied its tober 22, of the 11-day Apollo 7 flight ended to bring the events of Olympic Games in what was called a 101-percent successful resources for the lunar landing scheduled for Mexico City, the Apollo 7 and 8 space flights, 1969. mission. Manned by Astronauts Walter and other world news to television viewers Schirra, Donn Eisele, and Walter Cunning­ The year 1968 saw the first two manned in Europe and North America. launches-Apollo 7 and 8-in the Apollo pro­ ham, the Apollo 7 performed flawlessly for Pioneer-IX, launched Nov. 8, added a more than 260 hours in space, including fir­ gram plus successful missions by unmanned new spacecraft to NASA's team of Sun-orbit­ satellites which brought new knowledge of ings of the spacecraft's primary propulsion ing satellites assigned to study space con­ system and the first live TV from a U.S. the solar system which American astronauts tir.uously from widely separated positions. hope to explore after the lunar landing. manned vehicle. The spacecraft joined Pioneers VI, VII and Shortly after launch, with the Saturn m UNMANNED PROGRESS VIII in studying the nature and interrela­ rocket second stage still attached to the Surveyor 7, NASA's first 1968 mission, wrote tionship of interplanetary magnetic fields, spacecraft, the astronauts exercised manual a rewarding scientific finish to the Surveyor the solar wind and solar cosmic rays. control of the combined vehicle from the lunar photography program which success­ These four Pioneers are contributing sig­ spacecraft. Following space vehicle separa­ fully soft-landed five spacecraft on the Moon. nificantly to accuracy in forecasting solar tion, the astronauts flew the spacecraft Scientists, astronomers and engineers esti­ flares. Their. observations form part of the around the second stage and simulated a mate that, in the brief months since the forecasting procedures used to decide whether docking, using the lunar module adapter as summer of 1964 when NASA's Ranger space­ radiation conditions in space at a given the target. Later, with the second stage in a craft flew its first successful mission, man has time will permit safe journeys for American different orbit, the spacecraft "found" the learned more about the Moon than in all the Apollo astronauts. vehicle and rendezvoused with it--demon­ 350 years since Galileo first viewed it through Riding piggy-back into orbit with Pioneer strating the ab111ty of the command module his telescope. IX was the 40-pound TETR-2 satellite. In to maneuver to the lunar module if the Other significant 1968 unmanned satellites its 200-by-500-mlle Earth orbit, it is cur­ latter should become disabled on a manned include the Radio A,stronomy Explorer rently being used as an orbiting target for lunar landing mission. (RAE), launched July 4, and the Orbiting checking out equipment and training per­ Most of the critical tests necessary to Astronomical Observatory (OAO-II), sonnel of NASA's Manned Space Flight Net­ "wring out" the spacecraft equipment took launched Dec. 7. work in preparation for future Apollo place early in the flight. Crew performance, RAE, with its antenna booms extending missions. prime and back-up systems, and mission more than 1,500 feet from tip to tip, has the Although no Mariner planetary flights support facUities were checked. largest span of any spacecraft orbited to were initiated during the year, scientists cal­ The astronauts used hand-held movie and date. It has monitored low-frequency radio culated that on Jan. 4, Mariner V's orbit still cameras to photograph both Earth and signals from space sources, including the carried it within about 54 m1llion miles of stars. The astronauts had colds during the Sun's galaxy, the Milky Way, from the Sun the Sun. This was closer than any other flight. and from Earth itself. man-made object has approached to the The flight not only accomplished all mis· Its data will provide astronomers with center of our solar system. The spacecraft sion objectives, but also completed some tests their first detailed radio map of the Milky made its closest approach to Venus in oc­ not included in the original filght plan. Way and, by mapping thousands of unidenti­ tober 1967. Apollo 7 flew some 4.5 milllon miles on the fied radio sources throughout the sky, scien­ Preparations continued during 1968 for first manned Apollo flight. tists hope to learn about some which, by Mariner flights to Mars in 1969, in 1971 and The April 4 flight of Apollo 6 was the sec­ process of elimination, may prove to come in 1973. NASA announced that the 1973 mis­ ond unmanned Saturn V mission to demon­ from beyond our galaxy. · sion woUld be named Project Viking and strate launch vehicle and spacecraft systems The OAO-II is the heaviest (4,400 pounds) would use the Titan III-D/Centaur as its launch vehicle. performance. Two problems were experi­ and most complex unmanned spacecraft enced with the rocket systems-vertical os­ launched by the U.S. to date. Its successful Viking Mars 1973 science equipment will orbit and operation provides astronomers be finally determined after the 1969 mission cillations or "POGO" etfect in the first stage with a new vantage point for "seeing" in to the planet. Two 6,000-pound orbiting and rupture of small propellant lines in the the ultraviolet, infrared, X-ray and gamma spacecraft will each send soft lander vehicles upper stages. radiations for looking at most of the ingredi­ to the Martian surface. Mission objectives Through a determined post-mission analy­ ents necessary for knowing the solar sys­ place special emphasis on returning infor­ sis and an aggressive ground testing and tem's makeup today and what course it may mation about life on the planet. evaluation program, these Saturn v prob­ be taking. The orbiting of Air Density and Injun lems were corrected. The Smithsonian Institution experiment satellltes (Explorers XXXIX and XL) Au­ During the Jan. 22-23, Apollo 5 mission, aboard the OAO-II with its seven photo­ gust 8 with a single Scout launch vehicle lunar module systems and structural per­ metric systems has been designed to perform extended studies of complex radiation-air formance met all objectives, including two 326 CONGRESSIONAL ·RE~ORD- HOUSE 'January B, 1969 flrtngs of both the ascent and descent pro­ the capab111ty of already-proven launch vehi­ lites., In 1969, NASA plans to add a 210-foot­ pulsion systems. cles. diameter antenna in Spain and in Australia The unmanned lunar module was boosted TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION to bee! up the DSN for future missions into into Earth orbit by a Saturn m. Post-:flight NASA continued to transfer to industry, deep space. analysis determined the lunar module ready small business and the scientific community The 210's provide six-and-a-half times in­ for manned Earth orbital missions. the new technology coming out of space­ creased performance over existing 85-foot During 1968, Scientist-Astronauts John A. related research and development activity. antennas, making it possible to return useful Llewellyn and Brian T. O'Leary withdrew Most of this technology comes from NASA scientific data from three and one-half billion from the training program, Air Force Lt. Col. field centers where specialists continuously miles from Earth. Michael Collins underwent surgery for re­ moval of an arthritic bone growth, and Navy review research and development projects for promising new ideas. In addition, NASA NASA MAJOR LAUNCH RECORD, OCTOBER 1959 TO Lt. John S. Bull withdrew due to pulmonary DECEMBER 1968 disease. Astronaut James A. Lovell, Jr. re­ contractors are required to report inventions, placed Collins in the Apollo 8 crew as com­ discoveries, innovations and improved tech­ Number Vehicle results Mission results mand module pilot. The original Apollo 8 niques they develop in work for NASA. of crew was redesignated for the Apollo 9 mis­ TRACKING NETS Year launches Success Failure Success Failure sion when the lunar module was deleted Three basic tracking networks keep tabs on from Apollo 8. · NASA's orbiting satellites: Manned Space 1958 ______AERONAUTICS 1959 ______4 0 4 0 4 Flight Network (MSFN), Deep Space Net 1960 ______14 8 6 8 6 Among the continuing research and devel­ 17 10 7 9 8 work (DSN) and the Space Tracking and 1961______23 opment projects in aeronautics are noise 1962 ______16 7 15 8 abatement, :flight safety, the materials, pro­ Data Acquisition Network (STADAN). 27 23 4 20 7 There are 26 sites in the three networks, 1963 ______13 12 1 11 2 pulsion and :flight dynamics of supersonic 1964 ______30 26 4 25 5 and hypersonic aircraft, lifting bodies and some single, some of multiple purpose, located 1965 ______31 27 4 26 5 Vertical Short Takeoff and Landing (VS"".'OL) in 15 countries around the world. Each net­ 1966 ______36 33 3 26 10 work is designed to support specific types of 1967 ___ ------27 25 2 25 2 era.ft. 1968__ __------21 116 13 1217 13 ADVANCED RESEARCH missions, depending on whether it is near NASA scientists and engineers, working Earth, manned or probing deep space. 10-year total_ 243 196 45 182 60 with university and industry groups, pushed These networks are constantly being strengthened to handle the demands of the a.head in the fields of space power, electric, 1 Figures do not include "unrated" items. nuclear a.nd chemical propulsion to enhance newer and increasingly sophisticated satel- 21ncludes 2 satellites launched on 1 vehicle.

MAJOR NASA LAUNCHES, 1968

Results- Launch Date Name Launch vehicle site Mission Vehicle Mission

January 7______Surveyor VIL ______Atlas-Centaur______KSC Lunar photos; lunar surface Success ______Success. analyses.

Earth-Sun~~~~~s~ocfu data-1e - tesi______== ==__======_____=:==_--- ==---==_Jg=_do___ ===__==__: Do.gg: Solar radiation ______------____ do ______Do. Launch vehicle test______Unrated ______Unrated. Radiation investigation ______Success ______Success.1 Meteorology __ __ _------Failure __- - --- Failure. Radioastronomy ______------Success ______Success. Atmospheric density data ______do ______Do. { Charged particle data ______do ______Do. Spacecraft technology ______Failure ______Failure. Cloud cover photos ______Success ______Success.1 Communications ______Failure ______Failure.I Auroras ______------______Success ______Success.1 First manned Apollo ______do______Do. Solar radiation ______do______Do. { Tracking training ___ __ ------_do __- ---- Do. Interplanetary physics ______------_do______Do.

~~~~r~7:i~Y-Communications~== == __ ==__ =______======__ =_=__== _ =_=_= _=_~~==::do ______=== Unrated.t 8~: Scheduled for launch Dec. 21_ ___ _

1 Non-NASA mission.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, January 8, 1969 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. THE JOURNAL was read and, together with the accom­ The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ panying papers, referred to the Commit­ D.D., offered the following prayer: tee on Foreign Affairs and ordered to be terday was read and approved. printed: Speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in every way into Him who is THE WHITE HOUSE, SWEARING IN OF MEMBER-ELECT Washington, January 7, 1969. the head.-Ephesians 4: 15. Hon. JOHN W. McCORMACK, Our Father in heaven and on earth, The SPEAKER. Will any Member-elect Speaker of the House of Representatives. whose spirit dwells in the hearts of all who has not been sworn come to the well DEAR MR. SPEAKER: By virtue of my men, make us conscious of Thy presence of the House and take the oath of omce. authority under Section 5 of the United as we bow in prayer before Thee. Mr. LUKENS appeared at the bar of Nations Participation Act of 1945, as We have been taught to walk the way the House and took the oath of office. amended, I issued on July 29 Executive of truth and to live the life of love. May Order No. 11419 relating to trade and truth so triumph in our minds that we other transactions involving Southern may overcome low prejudices with high TRADE AND OTHER TRANSAC­ TIONS INVOLVING SOUTHERN Rhodesia. It extends the mandatory se­ principles and may love so live in our lective sanctions imposed in Executive hearts that we may relate ourselves af­ RHODESIA-A COMMUNICATION FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE Order No. 11322 of January 5, 1967, firmatively to our fellow men. With truth which I transmitted to you on February and love alive within us may we devote UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 91-37) 27, 1967. A copy of Executive Order 11419 ourselves to the welfare of our beloved is attached. COWltry. The SPEAKER laid before the House The current Order prohibits virtually In the name of Him whose truth and the following communication from the all financial and trade transactions be­ love keeps men free we pray. Amen. President of the United States; which tween the United States and Southern