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L'action Communautaire Québécoise À L'ère Du Numérique

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L'action Communautaire Québécoise À L'ère Du Numérique © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : L’action communautaire québécoise à l'ère du numérique, S. Proulx, S. Couture et J. Rueff (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1536-9 • D1536N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : L’action communautaire québécoise à l'ère du numérique, S. Proulx, S. Couture et J. Rueff (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1536-9 • D1536N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : L’action communautaire québécoise à l'ère du numérique, S. Proulx, S. Couture et J. Rueff (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1536-9 • D1536N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés L’action communautaire québécoise à l’ère du numérique © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : L’action communautaire québécoise à l'ère du numérique, S. Proulx, S. Couture et J. Rueff (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1536-9 • D1536N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés DANS LA MÊME COLLECTION Développement durable Communication et communications Horizons de pratiques Au-delà des mots, et de recherche – Volume 2 pour un véritable engagement Sous la direction de Pierre Mongeau Sous la direction de Solange Tremblay et Johanne Saint-Charles 2007, ISBN 978-2-7605-1469-0, 294 pages 2005, ISBN 2-7605-1434-X, 224 pages Images du récit Comment comprendre l’actualité Philippe Sohet Communication et mise en scène 2007, ISBN 978-2-7605-1479-9, 360 pages Gina Stoiciu 2006, ISBN 2-7605-1376-9, 260 pages Place et rôle de la communication dans le développement international Communication Sous la direction de Horizons de pratiques Jean-Paul Lafrance, Anne-Marie et de recherche – Volume 1 Laulan et Carmen Rico de Sotelo Sous la direction de Pierre Mongeau 2006, ISBN 2-7605-1454-4, 192 pages et Johanne Saint-Charles 2005, ISBN 2-7605-1326-2, 432 pages Solidarités renouvelées Faut-il tuer le messager ? Sandra Rodriguez 2006, ISBN 2-7605-1409-9, 168 pages PRESSES DE L’Université dU QUÉBEC Le Delta I, 2875, boulevard Laurier, bureau 450 Québec (Québec) G1V 2M2 Téléphone : (418) 657-4399 • Télécopieur : (418) 657-2096 Courriel : [email protected] • Internet : www.puq.ca Diffusion / Distribution : CANADA et autres pays PROLOGUE INC . 1650, boulevard Lionel-Bertrand (Québec) J7H 1N7 Téléphone : (450) 434-0306 / 1 800 363-2864 FRANCE BELGIQUE SUISSE AFPU-DI ffus ION PA TRIMOINE SPRL SERVIDI S SA SODI S 168, rue du Noyer 5, rue des Chaudronniers 1030 Bruxelles CH-1211 Genève 3 Belgique Suisse La Loi sur le droit d’auteur interdit la reproduction des œuvres sans autorisation des titulaires de droits. Or, la photocopie non autorisée – le « photocopillage » – s’est généralisée, provoquant une baisse des ventes de livres et compromettant la rédaction et la production de nouveaux ouvrages par des professionnels. L’objet du logo apparaissant ci-contre est d’alerter le lecteur sur la menace que représente pour l’avenir de l’écrit le développement massif du « photocopillage ». © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : L’action communautaire québécoise à l'ère du numérique, S. Proulx, S. Couture et J. Rueff (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1536-9 • D1536N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés L’action communautaire québécoise à l’ère du numérique Sous la direction de Serge Proulx, Stéphane Couture et Julien Rueff 2008 Presses de l’Université du Québec Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bur. 450 Québec (Québec) Canada G1V 2M2 © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : L’action communautaire québécoise à l'ère du numérique, S. Proulx, S. Couture et J. Rueff (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1536-9 • D1536N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés Catalogage avant publication de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec et Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Vedette principale au titre : L’action communautaire québécoise à l’ère du numérique (Collection Communication) ISBN 978-2-7605-1536-9 1. Organisation communautaire - Québec (Province). 2. Médias numériques - Québec (Province). 3. Action sociale - Québec (Province). 4. Logiciels libres - Québec (Province). 5. Société informatisée - Québec (Province). I. Proulx, Serge, 1945- . II. Couture, Stéphane, 1974- . III. Rueff, Julien. IV. Fauteux, Stéphane, 1962- . V. Collection: Collection Communication (Presses de l’Université du Québec). HN110.Z9C6 2008a 361.809714 C2007-942228-4 Nous reconnaissons l’aide financière du gouvernement du Canada par l’entremise du Programme d’aide au développement de l’industrie de l’édition (PADIE) pour nos activités d’édition. La publication de cet ouvrage a été rendue possible grâce à l’aide financière de la Société de développement des entreprises culturelles (SODEC). Mise en pages : IN F O S C A N CO ll ETTE -QU ÉBEC Couverture : RICH A RD HODG S ON 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PUQ 2008 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés © 2008 Presses de l’Université du Québec Dépôt légal – 1er trimestre 2008 Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec / Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Imprimé au Canada © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : L’action communautaire québécoise à l'ère du numérique, S. Proulx, S. Couture et J. Rueff (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1536-9 • D1536N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 Serge Proulx, Stéphane Couture et Julien Rueff PARTIE I Action communautaire et émergence des médias numériques ............................................... 11 CHAPITRE 1 Les militants du code .................................................. 13 Stéphane Couture et Serge Proulx 1.1. La politisation du code ..................................... 15 1.2. Le mouvement du logiciel libre ........................ 19 1.3. Les militants du code ........................................ 23 1.4. Des alliances en construction ........................... 25 1.5. Obstacles et enjeux liés à l’appropriation des technologies ................................................ 27 Bibliographie ................................................................. 31 CHAPITRE 2 Le mouvement communautaire au Québec Entre solidarité citoyenne et politiques publiques .............. 37 Nicolas Lecomte et Stéphane Couture 2.1. Les groupes communautaires et le gouvernement québécois : rappel historique ............................................... 39 2.2. Les TIC au Québec : politiques publiques et actions communautaires ............................... 41 2.3. Ouvrir la boîte noire : l’apport du militantisme technique .................. 48 Conclusion .................................................................... 52 Bibliographie ................................................................. 54 TABLE DES MATIÈRES TABLE © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél.: (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de: L’action communautaire québécoise à l’ère du numérique, Serge Proulx, Stéphane Couture et Julien Rueff (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1536-9 • D1536N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés viii L’action communautaire québécoise à l’ère du numérique CHAPITRE 3 Les nouveaux résistants à l’ère du numérique Entre utopie sociale et déterminisme technique .................................. 59 Fabien Granjon 3.1. Limites des analyses en termes de capitalisme cognitif ....................................................... 60 3.2. Postfordisme : le travail immatériel à la source d’une économie informationnelle ? ................ 62 3.3. Mobilisations informationnelles : de nouvelles résistances ? ................................................... 64 3.4. Média-hacktivisme ............................................................. 65 3.5. Postmédiatisme .................................................................. 67 3.6. Des phénomènes médiatiques marginaux ........................ 69 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 70 Bibliographie .................................................................................. 72 PARTIE II Études de cas ................................................................................. 77 CHAPITRE 4 La promotion d’une appropriation populaire des technologies Le cas de Communautique ............................................................... 79 Nicolas Lecomte et Julien Rueff 4.1. Communautique en bref ................................................... 81 4.2. Évaluer les besoins des groupes communautaires ............. 86 Conclusion ....................................................................................
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