Flora of China 10: 105–117. 2010.

50. CROTALARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 714. 1753, nom. cons. 猪屎豆属 zhu shi dou shu Li Jianqiang (李建强 ), Sun Hang (孙航); Roger M. Polhill, Michael G. Gilbert Goniogyna Candolle; Heylandia Candolle; Priotropis Wight & Arnott. Herbs or , often short-lived, rarely small trees. Stems terete or angled. Stipules filiform to leaflike or lacking. simple or 3-foliolate, usually petiolate. Inflorescences terminal, -opposed, or occasionally axillary, racemose, occasionally con- densed and headlike; bracts usually present. Flowers usually pedicellate; bracteoles 2, rarely lacking. Calyx subcampanulate, with 5 subequal lobes or 2-lipped with 3 narrow abaxial lobes and 2 broader adaxial lobes often connate or partly connate. Corolla usually yellow, less often white, purplish red, or dark purplish blue; standard usually orbicular or oblong, outside glabrous or with trichomes, basally almost always with 2 appendages inside; wings oblong or narrowly elliptic; keel rounded to angled, generally extended into a well-developed beak. Stamens monadelphous, dimorphic, 5 usually shorter with oblong and basifixed anthers alternating with 5 longer with ovoid and dorsifixed anthers. Ovary stipitate or sessile, with or without trichomes, with 2 to many ovules; style long, basally curved or geniculate, almost always with 1 or 2 lines of trichomes on apical part; stigma minute, oblique, rarely 2-lobed. Leg- ume subsessile to long stipitate, oblong, cylindric, ovoid-globose, or rarely rhombic, usually conspicuously inflated, rarely com- pressed, 2- to many seeded, with or without a stipe. Seeds obliquely cordate to oblong-reniform, with a definite hilar sinus. About 700 : throughout tropics and extending into subtropics, most numerous in E and S tropical Africa; 42 species (nine endemic, six introduced) in China. The indumentum of many species of Crotalaria darkens significantly in herbarium collections and is often variously described as yellow or brown, but in living material it may often be ± colorless rather than as indicated in many descriptions.

Some species of Crotalaria are grown as fiber crops, fodder, and green manure, while others are used medicinally and as ornamentals. Pyrrolizi- dine alkaloids are present in some species, which in livestock can cause acute or more often chronic poisoning known as “crotalism.” 1a. Leaves 3-foliolate; calyx subcampanulate. 2a. 0.3–0.5 cm, 2-seeded. 3a. Leaflet blades elliptic, 2–3 × 1–1.5 cm; legume ca. 5 mm in diam.; corolla keel without twisted beak ...... 5. C. uncinella 3b. Leaflet blades obovate to oblanceolate, 1–2 × 0.3–0.8 cm; legume 3–4 mm in diam.; corolla keel with twisted beak ...... 39. C. medicaginea 2b. Legume 2–4 cm, (4–)20–30-seeded. 4a. Legume densely pubescent, not glabrescent; corolla only slightly longer than calyx. 5a. Leaflet blades suborbicular to elliptic-obovate, 2–4 × 1–2 cm; stems spreading pilose ...... 1. C. incana 5b. Leaflet blades elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 5–7 × 2–4 cm; stems appressed pilosulose. 6a. Corolla 10–15 mm; legume 2.5–4 × 1–1.5 cm ...... 2. C. micans 6b. Corolla 5–9 mm; legume ca. 2 × 0.5–1 cm. 7a. Leaflet blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3–5 × 2–2.5 cm, apex obtuse; legume stipe ca. 4 mm ...... 3. C. jianfengensis 7b. Leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, 5–7 × 2.5–4 cm, apex acuminate; legume stipe absent ...... 4. C. bracteata 4b. Legume thinly pubescent when young, later glabrous; corolla ca. 2 × as long as calyx. 8a. Calyx glabrous. 9a. Leaflet blades oblong to narrowly elliptic, 2–3 cm wide; corolla standard orbicular ...... 9. C. trichotoma 9b. Leaflet blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 0.5–1 cm wide; corolla standard oblong ...... 10. C. ochroleuca 8b. Calyx with trichomes. 10a. Legume compressed, 4–8-seeded ...... 6. C. psoraleoides 10b. Legume inflated, 20- or more seeded. 11a. Leaflet blades oblong to elliptic, 3–6 × 1.5–3 cm ...... 7. C. pallida 11b. Leaflet blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–9(–12) × 0.5–1 cm ...... 8. C. lanceolata 1b. Leaves simple; calyx subcampanulate or 2-lipped. 12a. Stipules lanceolate-lunate; corolla pale yellow, white, or often tinged blue ...... 11. C. verrucosa 12b. Stipules not lanceolate-lunate, sometimes absent; corolla red, purple, purplish blue, yellow, or rarely pale yellow or white. 13a. Corolla purplish red to purple or purplish blue. 14a. Flowers in a condensed headlike raceme; corolla deep purple or purplish blue ...... 27. C. mairei 14b. Flowers in an elongated raceme or rarely solitary; corolla purplish red to purple. 15a. prostrate; leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, less than 2 × as long as wide; legume with trichomes ...... 23. C. hainanensis 15b. Plant erect; leaf blade linear-lanceolate to elliptic-oblanceolate, more than 2.5 × as long as wide;

legume glabrous. 16a. Leaf blade 2–4 × 0.6–0.8 cm, adaxially with trichomes; ca. 0.6 m tall ...... 22. C. chiayiana 16b. Leaf blade 5–8 × ca. 2 cm, adaxially glabrous; plants 1–1.5 m tall ...... 24. C. occulta 13b. Corolla usually yellow, rarely pale yellow or white. 17a. Stipules winglike, decurrent along stem ...... 12. C. alata 17b. Stipules not winglike, sometimes absent. 18a. Plant ca. 9 cm tall, erect; leaf blade 0.5–1 cm. 19a. Calyx subcampanulate, 5–6 mm, lobes all similar; corolla standard without glandular trichomes ... 41. C. tiantaiensis 19b. Calyx 2-lipped, ca. 7 mm, adaxial 2 lobes distinctly wider than abaxial 3 lobes; corolla standard with glandular trichomes along margin near base ...... 42. C. anningensis 18b. Plant 20–150 cm tall or prostrate; leaf blade 1.5–20(–25) cm. 20a. Legume ovoid-globose, 0.4–0.7 cm, 6–12-seeded. 21a. Bracts ovate-triangular, 6–7 mm; calyx 8–10 mm, divided for ca. 1/2 its length ...... 35. C. dubia 21b. Bracts lanceolate or linear, 1.5–3(–4) mm; calyx 4–7 mm, deeply divided. 22a. Leaf blade broadly ovate-elliptic to suborbicular, apex not mucronate ...... 36. C. humifusa 22b. Leaf blade narrowly linear, oblanceolate, or oblong, apex mucronate. 23a. Leaf blade oblanceolate to oblong; plants ascending to erect, 50–100 cm tall; inflorescences elongated, 10–20 cm ...... 37. C. linifolia 23b. Leaf blade narrowly linear; plants prostrate to erect, to 30 cm tall; inflorescences very short and headlike ...... 38. C. nana 20b. Legume cylindric, 1–4(–6) cm, 10–30-seeded. 24a. Legume 1–1.5 cm, 10–15(–30)-seeded; herbs. 25a. Stipules absent. 26a. Leaf blade 3–8 × 2–4 mm, elliptic to ovate, adaxially glabrous ...... 34. C. similis 26b. Leaf blade 10–60 × 4–25 mm, elliptic to linear, adaxially usually with trichomes (sometimes glabrous in C. chinensis). 27a. Corolla standard 4–5 mm; calyx 3–4 mm ...... 33. C. prostrata 27b. Corolla standard 6–11 mm; calyx 5–10 mm. 28a. Leaf blade oblong-linear to linear; racemes 1–5-flowered ...... 29. C. chinensis 28b. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic; racemes 5–30-flowered ...... 32. C. yunnanensis 25b. Stipules present but sometimes caducous. 29a. Stipules needlelike, ca. 1 mm. 30a. Racemes terminal or axillary, 20–30-flowered ...... 30. C. albida 30b. Racemes axillary, (1 or)2- or 3-flowered ...... 31. C. uliginosa 29b. Stipules linear, 2–6 mm. 31a. Leaf blade orbicular to elliptic; corolla 4–6 mm ...... 28. C. acicularis 31b. Leaf blade linear, linear-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate; corolla 8–12 mm. 32a. Leaf blade linear-elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, ca. 2 cm wide ...... 24. C. occulta 32b. Leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 0.5–1 cm wide ...... 26. C. sessiliflora 24b. Legume 2–4(–6) cm, (10–)20–30-seeded; herbs or shrublets. 33a. Calyx 2–3 cm, black when mature ...... 25. C. calycina 33b. Calyx less than 1.5 cm, brownish yellow when mature. 34a. Stems 3- or 4-angled. 35a. Stems 4-angled; leaf blade 10–20(–25) cm; racemes 6–10-flowered; legume 4–5 cm ...... 18. C. tetragona 35b. Stems 3-angled; leaf blade 2–3 cm; racemes 1–3-flowered; legume ca. 2 cm ...... 40. C. triquetra 34b. Stems terete. 36a. Stipules 5–30 mm. 37a. Stipules leaflike, broadly lanceolate, 10–30 mm ...... 13. C. mysorensis 37b. Stipules ovate-triangular, lanceolate, or triangular-lanceolate, 5–10 mm. 38a. Stems and leaf blade adaxially glabrous; leaf blade 7–15 cm; stipules ovate-triangular, ca. 10 mm ...... 14. C. spectabilis 38b. Stems and leaf blade adaxially pilose; leaf blade 2–6 cm; stipules lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, 5–8 mm ...... 21. C. ferruginea 36b. Stipules 1–3 mm. 39a. Leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, 1–3 cm; corolla yellow or purplish red ...... 23. C. hainanensis 39b. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or linear, 5–12 cm; corolla always yellow. 40a. Corolla 1–1.2(–1.5) cm, equal to or only slightly exserted beyond calyx. 41a. Leaf blade linear to oblong-linear, 4–7 × 0.4–1 cm; legume 3–4 cm, densely brown silky pubescent ...... 19. C. yaihsienensis

CROTALARIEAE

41b. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 6–11 × 2–3 cm; legume 1–2.5 cm, glabrous ...... 20. C. kurzii 40b. Corolla 1.5–2.5 cm, clearly exserted beyond calyx. 42a. Leaf blade linear-lanceolate to oblong-linear, 0.5–2 cm wide ...... 17. C. juncea 42b. Leaf blade oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 2–4 cm wide. 43a. Leaf blade apex obtuse to acuminate, mucronate; legume 4–6 cm ...... 15. C. assamica 43b. Leaf blade apex emarginate, not mucronate; legume 2.5–3 cm ...... 16. C. retusa

1. Crotalaria incana Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 716. 1753. nearly smooth. Fl. May–Sep, fr. Aug–Dec. 圆叶猪屎豆 yuan ye zhu shi dou Grasslands, slopes, along trails; below 100–2400 m. Cultivated or naturalized in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, and Crotalaria incana subsp. purpurascens (Lamarck) Milne- Yunnan [native to South America and Mexico]. Redhead; C. purpurascens Lamarck; C. schimperi A. Richard. 3. Crotalaria jianfengensis C. Y. Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: Herbs or shrublets, to 1 m tall. Stems brownish yellow 478. 1982. spreading pubescent. Stipules acicular, 2–3 mm, tardily cadu- cous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3–5 cm; petiolules 1–3 mm; 尖峰猪屎豆 jian feng zhu shi dou leaflet blades elliptic-obovate, obovate, or suborbicular, 2–4 × 1–2 cm, terminal one larger than lateral ones, thin, abaxially pu- Herbs or shrublets, 60–120 cm tall. Stems terete, ribbed, bescent to nearly glabrous, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins densely brownish yellow pubescent. Stipules acicular, ca. 2 6–10 on each side of midvein, secondary and tertiary veins mm, caducous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3–5 cm; petiolules abaxially distinct and adaxially inconspicuous, base rounded to ca. 1.5 mm; leaflet blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3–5 × 2– broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Racemes terminal 2.5 cm, terminal one larger than lateral ones, thin, abaxially or leaf-opposed, 10–20 cm, 5–15-flowered; bracts 1–10 mm, slightly pubescent to subglabrous, adaxially glabrous, veins dis- caducous. Pedicel 3–4 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tinct on both surfaces, secondary veins 8–10 on each side of tube, similar to bracts, 2–3 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, 6–8 midvein, base narrow, apex obtuse to retuse and mucronate. mm, 5-lobed, pubescent; lobes lanceolate, longer than tube. Co- Racemes terminal or axillary, ca. 40 cm, 50–80-flowered; bracts rolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard elliptic, 8–10 mm, linear, 3–5 mm, caducous. Pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm; bracteoles in- base with appendages, apically usually pilose; wings oblong, 8– serted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts but shorter. Calyx 10 mm; keel ± as long as wings, abruptly rounded below subcampanulate, 8–10 mm, 5-lobed, brownish yellow appressed middle, beak well developed and incurved. Legume clavate, 2– pubescent; lobes lanceolate, subequal in length. Corolla yellow, 3 × 0.7–1 cm, apically slightly oblique, 20–30-seeded, densely included in calyx; standard obovate, 5–8 mm; wings oblong, 4– rusty pilose; stipe ca. 2 mm. Fl. Oct–Dec, fr. Jan–Feb. 6 mm; keel ovate, ± as long as standard, narrowed apically from middle. Legume cylindric, many seeded, densely appressed pu- Sparse grasslands, along trails; below 100–2000 m. Cultivated or bescent; stipe 3–4 mm. Fl. Feb. naturalized in Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang [pantropical; origin obscure]. ● Sandy areas, grassy slopes along rivers; ca. 600 m. Hainan. 2. Crotalaria micans Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 228. 4. Crotalaria bracteata Roxburgh ex Candolle, Prodr. 2: 130. 1822. 1825. 三尖叶猪屎豆 san jian ye zhu shi dou 毛果猪屎豆 mao guo zhu shi dou

Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth. Herbs or shrublets, 60–120 cm tall. Stems terete, appressed pubescent. Stipules acicular, 3–4 mm. Leaves 3-foliolate; peti- Herbs or shrublets, to 2 m tall. Stems terete, thick, densely ole 3–5 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflet blades narrowly ellip- rusty appressed pubescent. Stipules acicular, very minute, per- tic, 5–7(–9) × 2.5–4 cm, terminal one larger than lateral ones, sistent or caducous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–5 cm; petio- thin, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous, veins distinct lules ca. 2 mm; leaflet blades elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 4–7(– on both surfaces, secondary veins 8–18 on each side of mid- 10) × 2–3 cm, terminal one larger than lateral ones, thin, veins vein, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Racemes leaf-opposed or distinct on both surfaces, midvein abaxially sparsely pilose and rarely terminal, 10–15 cm, 10–30-flowered; bracts acicular, ca. adaxially pilose, secondary veins 8–15 on each side of midvein, 1 mm. Pedicel 3–7 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx base cuneate, apex acuminate and mucronate. Racemes termi- tube, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, 5–6 nal, 10–30 cm, 20–30-flowered; bracts linear, 0.7–1.3 cm, cadu- mm, 5-lobed, pilose; lobes lanceolate, ± as long as tube. Corolla cous. Pedicel 5–7 mm; bracteoles similar to bracts but smaller. yellow, exserted from calyx; standard oblong, ca. 9 mm, base Calyx subcampanulate, 7–10 mm, 5-lobed, densely rusty silky with 2 appendages; wings oblong, ca. 8 mm; keel ± as long as pilose; lobes broadly lanceolate, ± as long as tube. Corolla yel- wing, curved, beak narrow and slightly incurved. Ovary sub- low, exserted beyond calyx; standard orbicular, ca. 1.4 cm in sessile. Legume ellipsoid-fusiform, ca. 2 × 0.5–1 cm, 7- or 8- diam., base with 2 appendages, apex obtuse to retuse; wings ob- seeded, densely rusty pubescent; style persistent. Fl. Aug–Sep, long, ca. 1.3 cm; keel ca. 1 cm, abruptly rounded slightly below fr. Oct–Dec. middle, beak slightly incurved. Legume oblong, 2.5–4 × 1–1.5 cm, 20–30-seeded, densely pilose when young, glabrescent; Along trails, riverbanks, forests; 700–1000 m. Yunnan (Xishuang- stipe 2–4 mm. Seeds black when mature, obliquely cordate, banna) [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, , Laos, Myanmar, Philip- pines, Thailand, Vietnam].

CROTALARIEAE

5. Crotalaria uncinella Lamarck subsp. elliptica (Roxburgh) found in other, unrelated species of Crotalaria and do not justify the Polhill, Kew Bull. 25: 284. 1971. recognition of a distinct . 球果猪屎豆 qiu guo zhu shi dou 7. Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 20. 1789. Crotalaria elliptica Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: 279. 猪屎豆 zhu shi dou 1832; C. splendens Vogel. Crotalaria mucronata Desvaux; C. obovata G. Don; C. Herbs, to 2 m, sometimes trailing or scandent. Stems te- pallida var. obovata (G. Don) Polhill; C. striata Candolle. rete, glabrescent. Stipules ovate-triangular, 1–1.5 mm. Leaves Herbs, perennial. Branches terete, ribbed, densely 3-foliolate; petiolules ca. 1 mm; leaflet blades elliptic, 1–3 × appressed pubescent. Stipules acicular, very minute, caducous. 0.8–1.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous, midvein Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm; petiolules 1–2 mm; leaflet abaxially raised, base cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate or blades oblong to elliptic, 3–6 × 1.5–3 cm, abaxially sparsely sometimes retuse. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, 10–30- silky pubescent, adaxially glabrous, veins distinct on both sur- flowered or more; bracts ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm. Pedicel faces, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse to retuse. Racemes ter- 2–3 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to minal, ca. 25 cm, 10–40-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 4 mm, bracts. Calyx subcampanulate, 3–4 mm, 5-lobed, densely pu- caducous. Pedicel 3–5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx bescent; lobes broadly lanceolate, ± as long as tube. Corolla tube, similar to bracts, ca. 2 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, 4–6 yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard suborbicular to elliptic, mm, 5-lobed, densely pubescent; lobes triangular, ± as long as ca. 5 mm; wings oblong, ± as long as standard; keel 5–6 mm, tube. Corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard orbicular longer than standard, strongly rounded, apex with a short to elliptic, ca. 1 cm in diam., base with 2 appendages; wings straight beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume ovoid, 6–7 mm, 2- oblong, ca. 8 mm, marginally pilose on basal part; keel ca. 1.2 seeded, pubescent. Seeds brownish. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Nov–Dec. cm, rather shallowly rounded, marginally pilose at base, beak Mountains, along trails; below 100–1100 m. Guangdong, Guang- narrow and ± projecting. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, xi, Hainan [India, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam]. 3–4 × 0.5–0.8 cm, 20–30-seeded, pilose when young but gla- Crotalaria uncinella subsp. uncinella is found in Africa and the brescent. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Nov–Dec. Mascarene Islands and has larger flowers (keel 0.9–1.1 cm) and leg- Grasslands, disturbed sandy areas; 100–1100 m. Fujian, Guang- umes (8–11 mm). dong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, 6. Crotalaria psoraleoides D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 242. 1825 Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, [“psoralioides”]. Vietnam; Africa, tropical America]. 黄雀儿 huang que er Crotalaria pallida is a very weedy species that is adventive throughout the tropics. It is suspected of being poisonous to livestock. Crotalaria cytisoides Roxburgh ex Candolle; C. szemao- ensis Gagnepain; Priotropis cytisoides (Roxburgh ex Candolle) 8. Crotalaria lanceolata E. Meyer, Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 24. Wight & Arnott. 1836. Shrubs, 50–100 cm tall. Stems and branches terete, 长果猪屎豆 chang guo zhu shi dou appressed brownish pubescent when young, glabrescent. Stip- ule subulate, often caducous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–4 Herbs, 50–100 cm tall. Branches terete, pilose when cm; petiolules less than 1 mm; leaflet blades elliptic to oblong, young but glabrescent. Stipules absent. Leaves 3-foliolate; peti- 5–7 × 1.5–5 cm, with terminal one longer than lateral ones, ole 3–6 cm; petiolules 1–2 mm; leaflet blades linear to linear- thin, abaxially slightly appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, lanceolate, 5–9(–12) × 0.5–1 cm, both surfaces sparsely pilose base tapered, apex acuminate and mucronate. Racemes terminal or glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate and mucronate. Ra- or leaf-opposed, 10–30-flowered; bracts linear, 2–4 mm. Pedi- cemes terminal, to 20 cm, 10–40-flowered; bracts subulate to cel 6–8 mm; bracteoles 2, basal to calyx tube and at middle or filiform, 0.5–3 mm, expanded at base. Pedicel 3–5 mm; brac- apical part of pedicel, lanceolate-triangular. Calyx subcampan- teoles normally inserted at base of calyx or rarely on pedicel, ulate, 5–7 mm, pubescent, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, ± as long narrow, 0.3–1 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, ca. 3 mm, 5-lobed, pubescent; lobes triangular, shorter than tube. Corolla yellow, as calyx tube, apex acuminate. Corolla yellow, turning red when old, exserted from calyx; standard oblong, 7–10 mm; wings exserted beyond calyx; standard broadly elliptic to orbicular, ca. obovate-oblong, broader at base; keel strongly rounded around 1 cm in diam., base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, ca. 1 cm, middle through almost 90°, beak not twisted. Legume ellipsoid, marginally pilose at base; keel ± as long as wings, apical half ca. 3 cm, compressed, with trichomes when young, glabrescent rounded, marginally pubescent at base, beak long. Ovary sub- when mature; stipe 4–5 mm. Seeds 4–8, smooth. Fl. and fr. sessile. Legume oblong, 2–3 × 0.5–1 cm, many seeded, gla- Apr–Dec. brous. Seeds obliquely cordate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep–Nov. Grasslands, along trails; to ca. 900 m. Cultivated or naturalized in Trailsides on mountain slopes; 800–1500 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar, Nepal, N Thailand]. Fujian, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native to Africa and Madagascar]. This species is adventive in North and South America. Crotalaria psoraleoides belongs to the same section as C. bracte- ata and C. uncinella but has been placed by some authors in the genus 9. Crotalaria trichotoma Bojer, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 4: Priotropis on the basis of its compressed . Such legumes are

CROTALARIEAE

265. 1835. brous, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Racemes ter- minal, 10–20-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 3–4 光萼猪屎豆 guang e zhu shi dou mm; bracteoles inserted apically from middle of pedicel. Calyx Crotalaria usaramoensis E. G. Baker; C. zanzibarica Ben- subcampanulate, 8–10 mm, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, slightly tham. longer than tube. Corolla pale yellow, white, or often tinged blue; standard orbicular to obovate, 1–1.8 cm, base with 2 Herbs or shrublets, to 2 m tall. Branches terete, ribbed, pu- appendages; wings oblong, 1–1.6 cm; keel ± as long as wings, bescent. Stipules subulate, ca. 1 mm. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole exserted beyond calyx, rounded with an incurved, fairly shortly 3–5 cm; petiolules ca. 2 mm; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, 6– twisted beak. Ovary subsessile, pilose on apical part. Legume 10 × 1–2(–3) cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base oblong, 2–4 cm, 10–12-seeded, pubescent. Seeds nearly smooth cuneate, apex acuminate and mucronate. Racemes terminal, ca. to papillose, shiny. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Nov–Dec. 20 cm, 10–20-flowered; bracts linear, 2–3 mm. Pedicel 3–6 Grasslands, sparse forests; 100–200 m. Guangdong, Hainan, Tai- mm; bracteoles inserted on apical half of pedicel, similar to wan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, bracts in shape but shorter. Calyx subcampanulate, 4–5 mm, 5- Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australasia, intro- lobed; lobes triangular, ± as long as tube, glabrous to sparsely duced in Africa and the Americas]. pubescent. Corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard is now quite a common weed throughout the orbicular, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., base with 2 appendages, apex tropics. awned; wings oblong, ± as long as standard; keel ca. 1.5 cm, slightly rounded, narrowed apically from middle, marginally 12. Crotalaria alata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. pubescent at base, beak rather long. Ovary subsessile. Legume Nepal. 241. 1825. cylindric, 3–4 × 0.7–1.2 cm, 50–70-seeded, glabrescent; style 翅托叶猪屎豆 chi tuo ye zhu shi dou and calyx persistent. Seeds orangish buff to terra-cotta-colored, reniform, smooth. Fl. Apr–Aug, fr. Sep–Dec. Crotalaria bialata Roxburgh (1832), not Schrank (1819); C. bidiei Gamble. Grasslands, along trails; 100–2000 m. Cultivated or naturalized in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, and Herbs or shrublets, erect, 5–100 cm tall. Branches zigzag, Yunnan [native to E Africa; introduced in Australia, Indonesia, Malay- silky pilose. Stipules decurrent on stem as a broad wing. Leaves sia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam]. simple, nearly sessile; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 3–8 10. Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 138. 1832. × 1–5 cm, both surfaces with trichomes but abaxially slightly denser, base attenuate to cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. 狭叶猪屎豆 xia ye zhu shi dou Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, 2- or 3-flowered; bracts Herbs or shrublets, erect, to 1.5 m tall. Branches ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel 3–5 mm; bracteoles in- pubescent when young but glabrescent. Stipules absent. Leaves serted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 3-foliolate; petiole 1–3 cm; petiolules ca. 1 mm; leaflet blades 6–10 mm; lobes lanceolate, apex acuminate. Corolla yellow; linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–9(–12) × 0.5–1 cm, abaxially standard obovate-orbicular, 5–8 mm, abaxially bearded at apex; sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, apex wings oblong, shorter than standard; keel ovate, apically with a acuminate and mucronate. Racemes terminal, 10–15 cm, 10– long twisted beak. Ovary glabrous. Legume oblong, 3–4 cm, 15-flowered, lax; bracts minute. Pedicel 3–5 mm; bracteoles 30–40-seeded, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, apex with a inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx subcam- slightly curved beak; neck ca. 3 mm. Seeds obliquely cordate, panulate, ca. 4 mm, 5-lobed, glabrous; lobes triangular. Corolla smooth. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep–Dec. pale yellow or white, exserted far beyond calyx; standard ob- Montane grasslands; 100–2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, long, 0.8–1.2 cm, base with 2 appendages; wings obovate, ca. Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cam- 1.3 cm; keel 1.7–2.3 cm, longer than wings, shortly rounded, bodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, beak rather long and projecting. Ovary subsessile. Legume Thailand, Vietnam; cultivated and naturalized in Africa and Mada- oblong, 4–7 × 1.5–2 cm, 20–30[–100]-seeded, sparsely pubes- gascar]. cent. Seeds pale yellow to orange, reniform, smooth. Fl. Aug– Crotalaria alata has been used for erosion control and soil im- Oct, fr. Nov–Dec. provement. Shaded places with thin soil. Cultivated or naturalized in Guang- dong, Guangxi, and Hainan [native to Africa; introduced in Australia, 13. Crotalaria mysorensis Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 338. 1821. North America, Papua New Guinea, and South America (Brazil)]. 褐毛猪屎豆 he mao zhu shi dou 11. Crotalaria verrucosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 715. 1753. Crotalaria decasperma Naik; C. stipulacea Roxburgh. 多疣猪屎豆 duo you zhu shi dou Herbs, erect, 50–100 cm tall. Branches terete, densely Crotalaria acuminata G. Don; C. angulosa Lamarck; C. rusty spreading pilose. Stipules broadly lanceolate, 1–3 × 0.3– mollis Weinmann. 0.5 cm. Leaves simple, nearly sessile; leaf blade lanceolate to Herbs, erect, 50–100 cm tall. Branches 4-angled, glabres- broadly lanceolate, 5–7(–8) × 0.5–1.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely cent. Stipules leaflike, ovate-falcate, 5–8 mm. Leaves simple; pilose, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Racemes terminal, 6–9-flow- petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 10–15 × 3–5 cm, ered; bracts lanceolate, 5–8 mm. Pedicel 2–3 mm; bracteoles thinly membranous, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially gla- inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts, 6–10 mm.

CROTALARIEAE

Calyx 2-lipped, 0.8–1.5 cm, parted to base. Corolla yellow; this species. If this was the case, then Burman’s name would have standard narrowly elliptic, 1.2–1.5 cm, base with 2 appendages, priority, but there seems to be too much doubt as to the exact identity of apical half pilose; wings lanceolate-oblong, 1.2–1.4 cm; keel Burman’s species to justify displacing a well-established name. Some slightly longer than wings, narrowed apically from middle and authors have cited Burman’s name as a synonym of C. assamica in the apparent belief that C. sericea N. L. Burman was a later homonym of C. extended into a long suberect twisted beak. Legume broadly sericea Retzius (1788), following Candolle who published the replace- oblong, 2–3 × 1.2–1.5 cm, 20–30-seeded. Fl. Aug. ment name C. burmanii Candolle, but this is not correct as Burman’s Near sea level. Guangdong (coastal islands) [Bangladesh, India, name has priority. Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, ?Philippines, Sri Lanka]. 16. Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 715. 1753. 14. Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 341. 1821. 吊裙草 diao qun cao 大托叶猪屎豆 da tuo ye zhu shi dou Lupinus cochinchinensis Loureiro. Crotalaria leschenaultii Candolle; C. sericea Retzius (1788), not N. L. Burman (1768), nor Willdenow (1802). Herbs, erect, 60–120 cm tall. Branches terete, pubescent. Stipules subulate, ca. 1 mm. Leaves simple; petiole 2–4 mm; Herbs, erect, 0.6–1.5 m tall. Branches terete, glabrous. leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, 3–8 × 1–3.5 cm, abaxially Stipules ovate-triangular, ca. 1 cm. Leaves simple; petiole 2–8 slightly pubescent, adaxially glabrous, veins distinct on both mm; leaf blade oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 7–15 × 2–5 surfaces, base cuneate, apex retuse. Racemes terminal, 10–20- cm, thin, abaxially appressed silky pubescent, adaxially gla- flowered; bracts lanceolate, 2–3 mm. Pedicel 3–5 mm; brac- brous, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Ra- teoles inserted on apical part of pedicel, filiform, very minute. cemes terminal, 20–30-flowered; bracts ovate-triangular, 7–10 Calyx 2-lipped, 1–1.2 cm, sparsely pubescent; lobes broadly mm. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm; bracteoles inserted at or apical to mid- lanceolate. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular to elliptic, 1– dle of pedicel, linear, ca. 1 mm. Calyx 2-lipped, 1.2–1.5 cm, 1.5 cm, base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, 1–1.5 cm; keel glabrous; lobes broadly lanceolate-triangular, longer than tube. ± as long as wings, narrowed apically from middle and ex- Corolla pale yellow; standard veined purplish red, suborbicular tended into a long twisted beak exserted beyond calyx. Legume to oblong, 1–2 cm, base with 2 appendages, apex obtuse to re- oblong, 3–4 × 1–1.8 cm, 10–20-seeded, glabrous; stipe ca. 2 tuse; wings obovate, ca. 2 cm; keel rounded about middle, with mm. Fl. Oct–Dec, fr. Jan–Apr. a fairly short and slightly incurved twisted beak exserted be- yond calyx. Legume broadly oblong, 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 cm, 20–30- Montane grasslands, seashore sandy areas. Guangdong, Hainan seeded, shortly stipitate, glabrous. Seeds smooth. Fl. Aug–Oct, [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, fr. Oct–Dec. Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, tropical America, SW Asia, Pacific islands]. Montane grasslands, along trails; 100–1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhe- This species is cultivated in Hunan. It is toxic to livestock. jiang [Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, ?Philippines, 17. Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 714. 1753. Thailand; cultivated and naturalized in Africa and Madagascar]. 菽麻 shu ma 15. Crotalaria assamica Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 481. 1843. Crotalaria benghalensis Lamarck; C. sericea Willdenow (1802), not N. L. Burman (1768), nor Retzius (1788); C. tenui- 大猪屎豆 da zhu shi dou folia Roxburgh ex Hornemann. Herbs, erect, to 1.5 m tall. Branches terete, sericeous. Stip- Herbs, erect, 50–100 cm tall. Branches terete, ribbed, ules linear, minute. Leaves simple; petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade appressed silky pubescent. Stipules linear, ca. 2 mm, caducous. oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 5–15 × 2–4 cm, thin, abax- Leaves simple; petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade oblong to linear- ially sericeous, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex obtuse lanceolate, 6–12 × 0.5–2 cm, both surfaces pilose but abaxially and mucronate. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, to 30 cm, more densely so, base attenuate, apex acuminate and mucro- 20–30-flowered; bracts linear, 1–2 mm. Bracteoles similar to nate. Racemes terminal, 10–20-flowered; bracts linear, 3–4 bracts but shorter. Calyx 2-lipped, 1–1.5 cm, pubescent; lobes mm. Pedicel 5–8 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, lanceolate-triangular, ± as long as tube. Corolla deep golden shorter than bracts, densely pubescent. Calyx 2-lipped, 1–1.5 yellow; standard suborbicular to elliptic, 1.5–2 cm, base with cm, parted almost to base, densely rusty pilose; lobes lanceo- 2 appendages, apex retuse; wings 1.5–1.8 cm; keel rounded late, curved. Corolla yellow; standard oblong, 1.5–2.5 cm, base through 90°, narrowed apically from middle and extended into with 2 appendages; wings obovate-oblong, 1.5–2 cm; keel a long twisted beak exserted beyond calyx. Ovary glabrous. subangular, slightly longer than wings, apex with a long slightly Legume oblong, 4–6 × ca. 1.5 cm, 20–30-seeded; stipe ca. 5 incurved twisted beak exserted beyond calyx. Legume sub- mm. Fl. May–Sep, fr. Aug–Dec. sessile, cylindric, 2–4 × 1.2–1.7 cm, 10–15-seeded, rusty pubes- Montane grasslands, along trails; below 100–3000 m. Guangdong, cent. Seeds smooth to papillose around hilum. Fl. Aug–Dec, fr. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Jan–May. Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam]. Sparse forests, along trails; below 100–2000 m. Cultivated or nat- Baker (Fl. Brit. India 2: 75. 1876) suggested that Crotalaria uralized in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong sericea N. L. Burman (Fl. Indica, 156. 1768) might be conspecific with Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, In-

CROTALARIEAE

donesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]. Crotalaria peguana Bentham ex Baker; C. peguana var. qiubeiensis (C. Y. Yang) C. Chen & J. Q. Li; C. qiubeiensis C. Crotalaria juncea is cultivated as a fiber crop (“Sunn Hemp”) and as a green manure. It is widely naturalized in Africa, tropical and sub- Y. Ya n g. tropical America, Asia, Australia, and Papua New Guinea. Its original Herbs or shrublets, erect, 0.6–1.5 m tall. Branches terete, distribution is probably S Asia. appressed pubescent. Stipules acicular, very minute. Leaves 18. Crotalaria tetragona Roxburgh ex Andrews, Bot. Repos. simple; petiole 1–2 mm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 6–11 × 2– 9: t. 593. 1812. 3 cm, thinly to thickly papery, abaxially silky pubescent, adax- ially glabrous or pilose, veins abaxially raised, base attenuate to 四棱猪屎豆 si leng zhu shi dou slightly cuneate, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal, to 20 cm, Crotalaria esquirolii H. Léveillé. many flowered; bracts linear, 2–4 mm. Pedicel 3–5 mm; brac- teoles inserted at base of calyx tube or on middle of pedicel, Herbs, erect, to 2 m tall. Branches 4-angled, silky pubes- similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 0.8–1.2 cm, parted nearly to cent. Stipules linear to linear-lanceolate, 4–5 mm. Leaves sim- base, pubescent; lobes linear, linear-lanceolate, or broadly lan- ple; petiole ca. 4 mm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to linear-lan- ceolate, apex acuminate. Corolla yellow, included in or ± as ceolate, 10–20(–25) × 1–2.5 cm, both surfaces finely appressed long as calyx; standard oblong to ovate-oblong, 0.8–1.2 cm, pubescent, midvein abaxially pale and prominent, base broadly base with 2 appendages, apically barbate; wings oblong, 8–10 cuneate to obtuse, apex acute to slightly acuminate. Racemes mm, apex obtuse; keel ca. 9 mm, rounded, apex with a long terminal or leaf-opposed, 6–10-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 4–6 twisted beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, 1–2(–2.5) × mm. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm; bracteoles inserted at apex of pedicel, 0.5–1 cm, 8–15-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Jun–Oct, fr. Sep–Dec. linear, 3–4 mm. Calyx 2-lipped, 1.5–2.5 cm, divided to near base, densely brown pilose; abaxial lobes narrowly triangular- Thickets, open woodlands; 800–1500 m. Guangxi, Yunnan lanceolate, connate for ca. 1/4 of length, 4–5 mm wide at base; [Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam]. adaxial lobes similar, divided to near base. Corolla yellow; stan- Collections with more broadly lanceolate calyx lobes have been dard suborbicular to oblong, ca. 2.5 cm, base with 2 appen- treated as Crotalaria peguana var. qiubeiensis. dages; wings narrowly elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, ca. 2 cm; 21. Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Bentham, London J. keel ± as long as wings, broad and rounded, abaxial margin Bot. 2: 476. 1843. woolly, beak long, twisted, and exserted beyond calyx. Legume oblong, 4–5 cm, 10–20-seeded, [dark brown tomentose or] 假地蓝 jia di lan densely brownish yellow pubescent. Fl. Sep–Nov, fr. Dec–Feb. Crotalaria bodinieri H. Léveillé; C. ferruginea var. pilo- Sparse forests, along trails; 500–1600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, sissima Bentham ex Baker; C. lonchophylla Handel-Mazzetti; Sichuan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, C. pilosissima Miquel; C. rufescens Franchet. ?Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam]. Herbs, erect to ascending, 20–60(–120) cm tall. Branches 19. Crotalaria yaihsienensis T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: brownish yellow spreading pilose. Stipules lanceolate to trian- 349. 1963. gular-lanceolate, 5–8 mm. Leaves simple; leaf blade elliptic, 2– 崖州猪屎豆 ya zhou zhu shi dou 6 × 1–3 cm, both surfaces pilose but abaxially more densely so, base slightly cuneate, apex obtuse to acuminate. Racemes ter- Herbs, to 1 m tall. Branches terete, ribbed, appressed silky minal, 2–6-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 2–4 mm. Pedicel 3–5 pubescent. Stipules filiform, less than 1 mm, caducous. Leaves mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube. Calyx 2-lipped, simple; petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade linear, 4–7 × 0.4–1 cm, both 1–1.2 cm, parted to base, densely pilose; lobes lanceolate. Co- surfaces silky pilose but abaxially more densely so, midvein rolla yellow; standard narrowly elliptic, 8–10 mm; wings ob- abaxially prominent and adaxially sulcate, secondary veins 12– long, ca. 8 mm; keel ± as long as wings, narrowed apically from 15 on each side of midvein, base slightly cuneate, apex obtuse. middle and extended into a long twisted beak included in or Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, 10–20 cm, 8–12-flowered, exserted slightly beyond calyx. Ovary subsessile. Legume ob- lax; bracts ovate-triangular, ca. 1.5 mm. Bracteoles inserted at long, 2–3 cm, 20–30-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Jun–Oct, fr. Sep– base of calyx tube. Calyx 2-lipped, ca. 1 cm; abaxial 3 lobes Dec. linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm; adaxial 2 lobes lanceolate, ca. 9 mm. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular, ca. 7 mm; keel ± as Open forests, montane grasslands; 400–2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, long as standard, narrowed apically from middle and extended Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiang- xi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, into a long beak included in calyx. Ovary subsessile, with tri- India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, chomes. Legume oblong, 2.5–3 cm, 10–20-seeded, densely Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]. brown silky pubescent. Fl. Sep–Nov, fr. Dec–Jan. 22. Crotalaria chiayiana Y. C. Liu & F. Y. Lu, Quart. J. Chin. ● Seashores, montane grasslands. S Hainan (Sanya). Forest. 12(4): 79. 1979. 20. Crotalaria kurzii Baker ex Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 红花假地蓝 hong hua jia di lan 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 229. 1874. Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Bentham var. chiayiana bao ye zhu shi dou 薄叶猪屎豆 (Y. C. Liu & F. Y. Lu) S. S. Ying.

CROTALARIEAE

Herbs, erect, to 60 cm tall. Branches terete, densely pubes- 1817. cent. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, spreading, longer than peti- ole, persistent. Leaves simple; petiole very short; leaf blade 长萼猪屎豆 chang e zhu shi dou linear-lanceolate, 2–4 × 0.6–0.8 cm, both surfaces hirsute, apex Crotalaria roxburghiana Candolle. acuminate. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, 1–4-flowered. Calyx campanulate, sericeous; lobes linear-lanceolate, much Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, erect, 30–80 cm longer than tube. Corolla purplish red or purple, ± as long as tall. Branches terete, densely coarsely pilose. Stipules filiform, calyx. Legume ellipsoidal, glabrous. ca. 1 mm, persistent or caducous. Leaves simple, subsessile; leaf blade oblong-linear to linear-lanceolate, 3–12 × 0.5–1.5 ● Wastelands, open roadsides; 1400–1600 m. Taiwan. cm, abaxially densely brownish pilose, adaxially pilose on mid- This species is known to us only from the protologue but seems to vein, base narrow, apex acute. Racemes terminal, usually con- be easily identifiable by the unusual corolla color. densed or headlike, 3–12-flowered, often with solitary axillary flowers below; bracts lanceolate, slightly ovate-falcate, 1–2 cm. 23. Crotalaria hainanensis C. C. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. Pedicel 2–4 mm, thick; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube 6: 393. 1957. or on middle or apical part of pedicel, similar to bracts but 海南猪屎豆 hai nan zhu shi dou shorter. Calyx 2-lipped, 2–3 cm, parted to base, abaxially brownish pilose; lobes lanceolate. Corolla yellow, included in Herbs, prostrate. Branches sparsely hirsutulous. Stipules calyx; standard obovate to suborbicular, 1.5–2.5 cm, base with subulate to ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. Leaves simple; petiole 2 appendages, apically pubescent; wings narrowly elliptic, ± as short; leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, 1–3 × 1–2 cm, long as standard; keel with a long straight shortly twisted beak. both surfaces glabrescent, veins abaxially raised, base broadly Legume black when mature, subcylindric, 2–2.5 cm, 20–30- cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Racemes terminal, 1–3- seeded, glabrous. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Oct–Dec. flowered; bracts ovate-triangular, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel 2–6 mm; bracteoles inserted on pedicel at or below middle, linear, ca. 1 Open forests, along trails; below 100–2400 m. Fujian, Guang- mm. Calyx 2-lipped, 8–10 mm, parted, pubescent; lobes lanceo- dong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bangladesh, late. Corolla yellow or purplish red; standard rhombic to sub- Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Pacific orbicular, 0.8–1.2 cm, glabrous, base with 2 appendages; wings islands]. oblong, 8–10 mm; keel ± as long as standard, narrowed basally from middle, apically extended into a long twisted beak. Ovary 26. Crotalaria sessiliflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1004. subsessile. Legume oblong, 2–3 cm, 10–15-seeded, densely 1763. rusty pilose. Seeds brown, reniform, glabrous. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. ye bai he Sep–Dec. 野百合 Crotalaria brevipes Champion ex Bentham. ● Dry grasslands, open sands. Hainan (Changjiang). Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, erect, 30–100 cm 24. Crotalaria occulta Graham ex Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: tall. Stems often branching from lower parts, terete, densely 565. 1843. coarsely hirsute. Stipules linear, 2–3 mm, persistent or cadu- 紫花猪屎豆 zi hua zhu shi dou cous. Leaves simple; petiole nearly absent; leaf blade variable in shape, usually linear to linear-lanceolate, 3–8 × 0.5–1 cm, Herbs, 1–1.5 m tall. Branches terete, densely pilose. Stip- abaxially densely silky pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base ules linear to filiform, 5–8 mm, persistent. Leaves simple; peti- attenuate, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed or ole very short; leaf blade linear-oblong to elliptic-oblanceolate, densely congested and headlike on branch apices, few to many 5–8 × ca. 2 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous, flowered or flowers solitary in axils; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4– base attenuate, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal or leaf- 6 mm. Pedicel ca. 2 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx opposed, to 15 cm, 1–20-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 1 cm. Brac- tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 1–1.5 cm, conspicuously teoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2- long brownish pilose; abaxial lobes lanceolate to triangular- lipped, 1.5–1.8 cm, densely rusty pilose; abaxial lobes narrow, lanceolate, to 2.5 mm wide, connate for ca. 1/4 of length; adax- 2–3 mm wide; adaxial lobes 5–6 mm wide. Corolla yellow or ial lobes ca. 4 mm wide, joined for ca. 1/3 length, apices long purplish blue, included in calyx; standard obovate, 1–1.2 cm, acuminate. Corolla blue to purplish blue or pale yellow, slightly base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, ± as long as standard; shorter than calyx; standard oblong, 7–10 × 4–7 mm, abaxially keel rounded with a long twisted beak. Legume cylindric, ca. sparsely strigose along midvein, base with 2 appendages, apex 1.5 cm, included in or ± as long as calyx, 10–15-seeded, gla- obtuse to retuse; wings oblong to linear-oblong, shorter than brous. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Nov–Feb. standard; keel ± as long as standard, bent sharply below middle, Sparse forests, along trails; 800–1000 m. Yunnan [Bangladesh, adaxial margin proximally woolly, apex extended into straight Bhutan, India, N Laos]. twisted beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume dark with age, cylin- dric, ca. 1 cm, ± included in calyx, 10–15-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Indian collections note that the flowers open at dusk and have a May–Nov, fr. Oct–Feb. sweet scent similar to that of Viola odorata. Valley grasslands, along trails; below 100–1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, 25. Crotalaria calycina Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. t. 12. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,

CROTALARIEAE

Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhe- spreading silky pilose. Stipules linear, 2–4 mm. Leaves simple; jiang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, petiole short; leaf blade suborbicular to oblong, 1–2(–3) × 1– Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Viet- 1.5 cm, membranous to papery, both surfaces sparsely white nam; Pacific islands]. spreading silky pilose, base narrow to slightly cordate, apex 27. Crotalaria mairei H. Léveillé, Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. obtuse to acuminate. Racemes terminal, 5–30-flowered; bracts 25: 49. 1915. lanceolate to acicular, 2–3 mm. Pedicel 3–5 mm; bracteoles in- serted at base of calyx tube or on apical part of pedicel, acicular. 头花猪屎豆 tou hua zhu shi dou Calyx 2-lipped, 4–6 mm, parted to base, densely brown silky Herbs, perennial, ascending to erect, 10–60 cm tall. Stems pilose; lobes lanceolate. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular many from base, terete, densely silky pilose. Stipules acicular, to obovate, 4–5 mm; wings narrowly elliptic, slightly shorter 1–2 mm, persistent or caducous. Leaves simple; petiole 1–4 than standard; keel suborbicular, apex with a long twisted beak. mm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or rarely oblan- Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, 10–12-seeded, ceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.5–1.5 cm, abaxially densely brown pilose, glabrous. Fl. Aug–Nov, fr. Dec–Feb. adaxially glabrous or very sparsely pilose, base cuneate, apex Along trails, thickets on slopes; 100–1700 m. Hainan, Taiwan, shortly acuminate to rounded and cuspidate. Racemes terminal, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, headlike, less than 5 cm, 10–20-flowered; bracts linear to line- Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia]. ar-lanceolate, 4–8 mm. Pedicel ca. 2 mm or ca. 5 mm when flowers arranged laxly on branch tip and not headlike; bracte- 29. Crotalaria chinensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1158. oles inserted at base of calyx, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 1759. 1–1.3 cm, deeply divided, densely brown pilose or pubescent; 中国猪屎豆 zhong guo zhu shi dou lobe apices long acuminate; abaxial lobes lanceolate; adaxial lobes oblong-ovate, ca. 3 mm wide. Corolla deep purple or pur- Crotalaria akoensis Hayata; C. kawakamii Hayata; C. plish blue, ± as long as calyx; standard ovate to suborbicular, sinensis J. F. Gmelin. 0.8–1.3 cm, abaxially pilose near tip, base with 2 appendages, Herbs, 15–60 cm tall, brownish yellow pilose except for apex obtuse to retuse; wings oblong, 0.8–1.3 cm; keel ovate, ± legumes. Stems terete, branched at base. Stipules absent. Leaves sharply angled near base, margins proximally woolly, apex ex- simple, subsessile; leaf blade variable in shape, usually lan- tended into a long straight twisted beak. Ovary subsessile. Leg- ceolate, linear-lanceolate, linear, or oblong-linear, 2–3.5 × 0.4–1 ume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, included in or slightly exserted beyond cm, abaxially densely brown coarsely pilose but more densely calyx, 10–15-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Sep–Nov, fr. Dec–Feb. so on veins and along margin, adaxially glabrous or sparsely Montane grasslands; 300–3000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, pilose, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Racemes congested on Xizang, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. branch apices, 1–5-flowered or with 1 or 2 flowers in axils; bracts lanceolate, 3–5 mm. Pedicel 2–4 mm; bracteoles inserted 1a. Calyx densely brown pilose; legume at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 8–10 included within calyx ...... 27a. var. mairei mm, parted to base; abaxial 3 lobes linear to linear-lanceolate; 1b. Calyx pubescent; legume exserted adaxial 2 lobes broadly lanceolate. Corolla pale yellow, in- slightly beyond calyx ...... 27b. var. pubescens cluded in or ± as long as calyx; standard ovate to orbicular, 7–9 27a. Crotalaria mairei var. mairei mm, base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, 7–9 mm; keel nar- rowed apically from middle and extended into a twisted beak. 头花猪屎豆(原变种) tou hua zhu shi dou (yuan bian zhong) Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, 0.8–1.2 cm, included in or Crotalaria capitata Baker (1876), not Lamarck (1786). exserted from calyx, 15–20-seeded. Seeds cordate, ca. 2.5 mm, smooth. Fl. Jun–Oct, fr. Sep–Dec. Calyx densely brown pilose. Legume included within calyx. Montane grasslands; below 100–1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Montane grasslands; 300–3000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam]. 27b. Crotalaria mairei var. pubescens C. Chen & J. Q. Li, J. 30. Crotalaria albida Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 333. 1821. Wuhan Bot. Res. 6: 220. 1988. 响铃豆 xiang ling dou 短毛头花猪屎豆 duan mao tou hua zhu shi dou Herbs, short-lived or perennial, erect to ascending, 10–80 Calyx pubescent. Legume exserted slightly beyond calyx. cm tall. Stems sometimes branched above base, occasionally branched only at base, appressed pubescent to spreading pilose. ● Montane grasslands; 1000–2400 m. Yunnan. Stipules acicular, minute, caducous, sometimes apparently ab- 28. Crotalaria acicularis Buchanan-Hamilton ex Bentham, sent. Leaves simple, subsessile; leaf blade oblanceolate, elliptic, London J. Bot. 2: 476. 1843. or obovate, 1–2.5 × 0.4–1.2 cm, abaxially strigose, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Racemes 针状猪屎豆 zhen zhuang zhu shi dou terminal, often on lateral branches, rarely leaf-opposed, to 20 Herbs, ascending, 20–80 cm tall. Branches densely brown cm, 20–30-flowered; bracts filiform, ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 3–5 mm;

CROTALARIEAE

bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Ca- cemes leaf-opposed, (1 or)2- or 3-flowered. Pedicel 2–3 mm; lyx 2-lipped, 4–8 mm, parted; abaxial 3 lobes lanceolate; adax- bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, linear, ca. 0.5 mm. ial 2 lobes broader, falcate, apices slightly obtuse to acuminate. Calyx 2-lipped, 4–5 mm; lobes lanceolate, apex acuminate. Corolla pale yellow; standard elliptic, 5–8 mm, base with Corolla yellow; standard broadly obovate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, base appendages, apex barbate; wings oblong, ± as long as standard; with 2 appendages, apex obtuse; wings oblong, ca. 4 mm; keel keel rounded, narrowed apically from middle and extended into slightly longer than wings, rounded to 90°, narrowed apically a twisted beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, from middle and extended into a long twisted beak. Ovary sub- slightly exserted beyond calyx, 6–12-seeded, glabrous. Fl. May– sessile; style ca. 2.5 mm. Legume cylindric, 10–15 × ca. 5 mm, Sep, fr. Sep–Dec. 7–15-seeded, glabrous, base with persistent calyx and fila- ments. Seeds brown, reniform, ca. 1 mm, shiny. Open montane forests, grassy slopes, along trails; 200–2800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, ● By streams. Yunnan (Yanshan). Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cam- bodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, 32. Crotalaria yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 151. 1889. Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific 云南猪屎豆 yun nan zhu shi dou islands]. Herbs, perennial, erect, 15–70 cm tall. Stems few 1a. Leaf blade usually oblanceolate; adaxial branched, coarsely spreading pilose. Stipules absent. Leaves calyx lobes slightly obtuse at apex ...... 30a. var. albida simple; petiole ca. 1.5 mm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 2–6 × 1b. Leaf blade elliptic; adaxial calyx lobes 0.5–2.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely brown pilose but abaxially acuminate at apex ...... 30b. var. gengmaensis more densely so on midvein, veins abaxially raised, base 30a. Crotalaria albida var. albida slightly cuneate, apex obtuse to acuminate and mucronate. Ra- cemes terminal, 5–20 cm, 5–30-flowered; bracts linear, 2–9 响铃豆(原变种) xiang ling dou (yuan bian zhong) mm. Pedicel ± as long as or shorter than bract; bracteoles in- Crotalaria formosana Itô & Matsumura. serted at base of calyx tube, pilose. Calyx 2-lipped, 5–10 mm, densely brown pilose; lobes lanceolate. Corolla yellow; stan- Leaf blade usually oblanceolate. Calyx with adaxial lobes dard suborbicular, 0.9–1.1 cm in diam., base with 2 appen- slightly obtuse at apex. Legume 6–12-seeded. dages; wings obovate-oblong, 7–10 mm; keel ± as long as Open montane forests, along trails; 200–2800 m. Anhui, Fujian, wings, rounded, narrowed apically from middle and extended Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Si- into a long twisted beak. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, glabrous. chuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Fl. May–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct. Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands]. ● Open grasslands, thickets, Pinus-Quercus forests; 100–3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan. Many collections are of relatively robust plants branching mainly well above the base and probably relatively short-lived. Some collec- 1a. Bracts 2–4 mm, ± as long as pedicel tions from Xizang are of much smaller plants, many branched from ...... 32a. var. yunnanensis base, and probably longer lived. 1b. Bracts 6–9 mm, longer than pedicel ...... 32b. var. heqingensis 30b. Crotalaria albida var. gengmaensis (Z. Wei & C. Y. Yang) C. Chen & J. Q. Li, J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 6: 225. 1988. 32a. Crotalaria yunnanensis var. yunnanensis 耿马猪屎豆 geng ma zhu shi dou 云南猪屎豆(原变种) yun nan zhu shi dou (yuan bian zhong) Crotalaria gengmaensis Z. Wei & C. Y. Yang, Acta Phyto- Bracts 2–4 mm, ± as long as pedicel. tax. Sin. 20: 479. 1982. ● Open grasslands, thickets; 100–3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan. Leaf blade elliptic. Calyx with adaxial lobes acuminate at 32b. Crotalaria yunnanensis var. heqingensis (C. Y. Yang) C. apex. Legume 6–8-seeded. Chen & J. Q. Li, J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 6: 226. 1988. ● Grassy slopes; 1600–1700 m. Yunnan (Gengma). 鹤庆猪屎豆 he qing zhu shi dou 31. Crotalaria uliginosa C. C. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: Crotalaria heqingensis C. Y. Yang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. 396. 1957. Forest. Inst., Harbin 1980(7): 112. 1980. 湿生猪屎豆 shi sheng zhu shi dou Bracts 6–9 mm, longer than pedicel. Herbs, to 20 cm tall. Stems branched at base, glabrescent. ● Pinus-Quercus forests; 1700–1900 m. Yunnan (Heqing). Stipules acicular, ca. 1 mm. Leaves simple; petiole to ca. 0.5 mm; leaf blade on basal part of branches oblong-oblanceolate to 33. Crotalaria prostrata Rottler ex Willdenow, Enum. Pl. 2: oblong-elliptic but linear-elliptic toward tips of branches, 7–15 747. 1809. × 3–5 mm, abaxially sparsely appressed pubescent, adaxially 俯伏猪屎豆 fu fu zhu shi dou glabrous, midvein abaxially raised, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse to rarely truncate and mucronate. Ra- Crotalaria jinpingensis C. Y. Yang; C. prostrata var. jin-

CROTALARIEAE

pingensis (C. Y. Yang) C. Y. Yang. 36. Crotalaria humifusa Graham ex Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 476. 1843. Herbs, prostrate. Branches slender, densely spreading pu- bescent to white appressed pilose. Stipules absent. Leaves sim- 匍地猪屎豆 pu di zhu shi dou ple; petiole very short; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-oblong, 1–3 × Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, prostrate, to 20 cm, 0.5–1 cm, both surfaces with trichomes, base oblique, apex most parts adpressed pilose. Stems terete, densely pubescent. obtuse. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, 2–8-flowered; bracts Stipules linear, to 4 × 1.8 mm, somewhat persistent. Leaves subulate. Pedicel 1–2 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts, densely brown pilose. Calyx 2-lipped, 3– simple; petiole shorter than stipules, to 2 mm; leaf blade broadly 4 mm, parted to base; lobes lanceolate. Corolla yellow; standard elliptic-ovate, often slightly oblique, 1.2–3.6 × 1–2.4 cm, both suborbicular to elliptic, 4–5 mm, apex obtuse to retuse; wings surfaces silky pilose but more densely so abaxially, abaxially oblong, ± as long as standard; keel narrowed apically from grayish green, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex rounded middle and extended into a long beak included in calyx. Ovary and not mucronate. Racemes leaf-opposed or terminal on short subsessile. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, 10–15-seeded. Fl. May– flowering branches, ascending, very lax, 2–8-flowered; bracts Aug, fr. Aug–Dec. linear, ca. 1.5 mm. Pedicel to 4 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx, similar to bracts. Calyx ± 2-lipped, 4–6 mm, deeply Montane grassy wetlands, grassy slopes; 100–1300 m. Yunnan divided; abaxial 3 lobes linear-lanceolate, falcate, 2–3.5 mm; [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, adaxial lobes connate, slightly wider, apex attenuate. Corolla Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]. yellow; standard oblong-orbicular, 5.5–6.5 mm, midline abax- 34. Crotalaria similis Hemsley, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9: 152. ially with trichomes; keel slightly longer than standard, ± 1895. sharply angled near base, apex extended into a straight slightly twisted beak. Legume cylindric-ovoid, 6–8 mm, ca. 12-seeded, 屏东猪屎豆 ping dong zhu shi dou glabrous. Seeds very pale brown, ± D-shaped, ca. 1.3 mm, Herbs, prostrate, 5–20 cm, densely silky pilose. Stipules glossy. absent. Leaves simple; petiole very short; leaf blade ovate to Disturbed areas including sandy river margins; 1800–1900 m. elliptic, 3–8 × 2–4 mm, abaxially densely pilose, adaxially gla- Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua brous, base obtuse, apex acute. Racemes terminal, short, (1–)3– New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand; Australia]. 5-flowered; bracts lanceolate. Pedicel 3–5 mm; bracteoles in- serted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 37. Crotalaria linifolia Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 322. 1782. ca. 6 mm, very densely silky pilose; abaxial 3 lobes lanceolate; 线叶猪屎豆 xian ye zhu shi dou adaxial 2 lobes broadly lanceolate. Corolla bright yellow; stan- dard oblong to suborbicular, ca. 6 mm, apex barbate; wings Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, erect to ascending, oblong, ± as long as standard; keel slightly longer than stan- 0.5–1 m tall. Stems terete, densely silky pubescent. Stipules dard, upcurved, beak rather blunt. Ovary subsessile. Legume minute, caducous. Leaves simple; petiole short; leaf blade linear cylindric, ca. 1 cm, 10–20-seeded. Fl. May. to oblong, 2–5 × 0.3–1.5 cm, both surfaces silky pilose, adaxi- ally sometimes only along midvein, base cuneate to rounded, ● Sandy soils near coast; near sea level. Taiwan. apex acuminate to obtuse and mucronate. Racemes terminal, 35. Crotalaria dubia Graham ex Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: lax, 10–20 cm, many flowered; bracts lanceolate, 2–3 mm. 565. 1843. Pedicel to 2.5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 6–7 mm, deeply divided, densely 卵苞猪屎豆 luan bao zhu shi dou rusty pilose; abaxial lobes lanceolate; adaxial lobes slightly Herbs, annual, 1–1.5 m tall. Stems terete, densely pubes- longer and broader. Corolla yellow with darker veins; standard cent. Stipules filiform, caducous. Leaves simple; petiole short; oblong to suborbicular, 5–7 mm, margin pilose at base and with leaf blade obovate to ovate-oblong, 3–5 × 1.5–3 cm, thickly 2 appendages, apex retuse; wings oblong, 6–7 mm; keel ca. 8 papery, both surfaces densely rusty pilose, veins abaxially mm, ± sharply angled near base, margins minutely woolly, apex raised, base cuneate, apex obtuse to acuminate and mucronate. extended into a long straight twisted beak. Legume rhombic to Racemes terminal, congested and headlike, many flowered; ovoid, 5–6 mm, 8–10-seeded, glabrous; stipe almost absent. Fl. bracts ovate-triangular, 6–7 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 mm; bracteoles Aug–Oct, fr. Nov–Dec. inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, Slopes, seashore sandy areas, along trails; 400–2500 m. Guang- 8–10 mm, divided for ca. 1/2 its length; lobes lanceolate. Co- dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, rolla yellow; standard oblong, ca. 5 mm, base with 2 appen- Yunnan [India, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. dages, apex obtuse to retuse; wings narrowly elliptic, ± as long as standard; keel slightly rounded, narrowed apically from mid- 1a. Leaf blade oblanceolate to oblong, dle and extended into a long beak. Legume ovoid, 5–7 mm in 5–15 mm wide, base narrow, apex diam., included in calyx, 6–8-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Oct–Nov, fr. acuminate; legume rhombic ...... 37a. var. linifolia Dec–Feb. 1b. Leaf blade linear to linear-oblong, 3–4 mm wide, base rounded, apex By streams, wetlands; ca. 1000 m. Yunnan [Bangladesh, India, obtuse; legume rhombic to ovoid ...... 37b. var. stenophylla Myanmar, N Thailand]. 37a. Crotalaria linifolia var. linifolia

CROTALARIEAE

线叶猪屎豆(原变种) xian ye zhu shi dou (yuan bian zhong) pubescent, 2-seeded, apex shortly beaked. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Nov–Dec. Crotalaria linifolia var. pygmaea Yamamoto. Seashore sandy areas, grassy slopes, along trails; below 100–2800 Leaf blade oblanceolate to oblong, 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Afghanistan, narrow, apex acuminate. Legume rhombic. Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia]. Slopes, along trails; 500–2500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Gui- zhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Japan (Ryukyu 1a. Petiole 0.2–1 cm; leaf blade Islands), Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. oblanceolate to obovate, 37b. Crotalaria linifolia var. stenophylla C. Y. Yang, Acta 3–8 mm wide ...... 39a. var. medicaginea Phytotax. Sin. 20: 479. 1982. 1b. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade ovate- oblong, 10–12 mm wide ...... 39b. var. luxurians 窄叶猪屎豆 zhai ye zhu shi dou 39a. Crotalaria medicaginea var. medicaginea Crotalaria stenophylla Vogel, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. 假苜蓿(原变种) jia mu xu (yuan bian zhong) Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 7. 1843, not Ecklon & Zeyher (1836). Crotalaria neglecta Wight & Arnott; C. yuanjiangensis C. Y. Ya n g. Leaf blade linear to linear-oblong, 2.5–3.5 × 0.3–0.4 cm, base rounded, apex obtuse. Legume rhombic to ovoid. Petiole 0.2–1 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate to obovate, 1–2 × 0.3–0.8 cm. ● Seashore sandy areas, along trails. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hu- nan, Taiwan. Seashore sandy areas, along trails; below 100–1400 m. Guang- dong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan (Yuanjiang) [Bangladesh, In- 38. Crotalaria nana N. L. Burman var. patula Baker in J. D. dia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 71. 1876. Vietnam]. 座地猪屎豆 zuo di zhu shi dou 39b. Crotalaria medicaginea var. luxurians (Bentham) Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 81. 1876. Herbs, annual, prostrate to erect. Stems terete, branched at base, densely yellow silky pubescent. Stipules absent. Leaves 大叶假苜蓿 da ye jia mu xu simple, subsessile; leaf blade linear, 1.5–3 × 0.2–0.4 cm, both Crotalaria luxurians Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 578. surfaces silky pilose but more densely so abaxially, base 1843. slightly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Racemes terminal, headlike, 2–6-flowered; bracts linear, 2–3 mm. Pedicel short; Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade ovate-oblong, 1–2.5 × 1–1.2 bracteoles inserted at base of calyx, subulate, ca. 3 mm, silky cm. pilose. Calyx 2-lipped, 4–5 mm; abaxial 3 lobes lanceolate-tri- Grassy slopes; 700–900 m. Yunnan (Xishuangbanna) [Afghani- angular; adaxial 2 lobes connate, oblong, apex obtuse. Corolla stan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. yellow, slightly shorter than and included in calyx. Ovary sub- 40. Crotalaria triquetra Dalzell, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. sessile. Legume ovoid to globose, 4–5 mm, 6–12-seeded. Misc. 2: 34. 1850. Sandy soils; below 100–1900 m. Hainan [India, Myanmar, Nepal]. 砂地野百合 sha di ye bai he Crotalaria nana var. nana, recorded from W India and Sri Lanka, Crotalaria triquetra var. garambiensis Y. C. L i u & F. Y. has wider leaves and coarser trichomes on the calyx. Lu. 39. Crotalaria medicaginea Lamarck, Encycl. 2: 201. 1786. Herbs, annual, erect to ascending, to 50 cm tall. Branches 假苜蓿 jia mu xu 3-angled, pubescent. Stipules linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, cadu- cous. Leaves simple; petiole ca. 1 mm; leaf blade elliptic-ob- Herbs, shrublets, or shrubs, prostrate to erect, to 1 m tall. long, 2–3 × 0.7–1 cm, adaxial surface pellucid punctate, sec- Stems slender, branched, appressed silky pubescent. Stipules ondary veins 7 or 8 on each side of midvein, base rounded, filiform, 2–3 mm. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 0.2–2 cm; petio- apex obtuse. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, 1–3-flowered. lules ca. 1 mm; leaflet blades oblanceolate, obovate-oblong, or Pedicel ± as long as calyx. Calyx ± 2-lipped, divided to ca. ovate-oblong, (1–)2–3 × 0.3–1.2 cm, abaxially densely silky 1/2 its length, pubescent; lobes triangular-lanceolate. Corolla pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex obtuse, trun- pale yellow, 1–1.2 cm, longer than calyx; standard ovate, base cate, or retuse. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, many flow- with 2 appendages; wings oblong, slightly shorter than stan- ered; bracts minute. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, dard; keel ± as long as wings, angled near base, beak straight 2–4 mm, 5-lobed; lobes broadly lanceolate. Corolla yellow; and twisted. Legume cylindric, ca. 2 cm, ca. 16-seeded, pu- standard elliptic to ovate-oblong, 3–5 mm, base with 2 appen- bescent. dages, apex pilosulose; wings oblong to obovate, 3–4 mm; keel ± as long as wings, rounded and narrowed apically from mid- Open grasslands, wastelands; below 300 m. S Taiwan [India, In- donesia, Sri Lanka]. dle, beak long and twisted. Ovary sessile. Legume globose, 3–5 mm in diam., included in or slightly exserted beyond calyx, 41. Crotalaria tiantaiensis Yan C. Jiang, X. Y. Zhu, Y. F. Du &

CROTALARIEAE

H. Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 79: 373. 2004. and ciliate margins; lobes narrowly lanceolate, 4–5 mm, all similar. Corolla pale yellow when dry, exserted from calyx; 天台猪屎豆 tian tai zhu shi dou standard ovate, ca. 5 × 3 mm, midline abaxially with trichomes, Herbs, perennial, 6–12 cm tall, with appressed rubiginous base with claw ca. 0.5 mm, with 2 pulvinate callosities, apex trichomes. Stipules absent. Leaves simple; petiole ca. 1 mm; rounded; wings oblong, ca. 4 × 1.5 mm; keel ± as long as stan- leaf blade narrowly oblong, 4–10 × 1–2 mm, with dense white dard, incurved above middle, beak not twisted. Ovary sessile, papillae and appressed rubiginous trichomes. Racemes termi- glabrous. Legume ellipsoidal, 6–8 × 4–4.5 mm, glabrous. Fl. nal, 1.5–3.5 cm, 3–7-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 1 mm. Pedicel and fr. Sep. 1.5–2 mm; bracteoles linear, ca. 1.5 mm. Calyx subcam- panulate, 5–6 mm, deeply 5-lobed, with appressed trichomes ● Zhejiang. Crotalaria tiantaiensis is known to us only from the protologue based on a single collection. Apparently, it is very similar vegetatively to the preceding species. 42. Crotalaria anningensis X. Y. Zhu & Y. F. Du in X. Y. Zhu et al., Legumes China, 631. 2007.

安宁猪屎豆 an ning zhu shi dou Herbs, perennial, ca. 9 cm tall, with appressed ferruginous trichomes. Stipules absent. Leaves simple; petiole ca. 1 mm; leaf blade elliptic, 5–7 × 2–3 mm, abaxially with appressed tri- chomes, adaxially green, with dense white papillae, base cune- ate, apex acute. Racemes terminal, 3–6 cm, 6–15-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 2 mm. Pedicel 2–4 mm; bracteoles similar to bracts, ca. 2 mm. Calyx 2-lipped, ca. 7 mm, deeply (4 or)5- lobed, with appressed trichomes; abaxial 3 lobes linear 5–6 mm; adaxial 2 lobes ovate-lanceolate. Corolla yellow, exserted from calyx; standard suborbicular, ca. 6 × 5 mm, margins proxi- mally with glandular trichomes, basal claw ca. 1 mm, with 2 pulvinate callosities, apex rounded; wings oblong, 4–6 × 2–3 mm; keel ± as long as standard, incurved above middle, beak not twisted. Ovary sessile, ?glabrous. Legume not seen. Fl. Mar.

● Yunnan (Anning).

Crotalaria anningensis is known to us only from the protologue. The presence of glandular trichomes on the margins of the standard are atypical for Crotalaria and, coupled with the absence of fruit, throws some doubt on the generic placement of this taxon. In the protologue, it states that the ovary is pilose, but in the illustration accompanying the protologue the ovary is shown as glabrous.

CROTALARIEAE