Common Good Production in Capitalism: a Critical Reading Through the Public Policies Linked to Social Rights
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Value's Law, Value's Metric
Values Law Values Metric by P Co ckshott A Cottrell Research Rep ort RR Novemb er Values Law Values Metric W Paul Co ckshott and Allin F Cottrell septemb er Abstract It is argued that the metric space of exchanging commo dities is noneuclidean and characteristic of a system governed by a conservation law The p ossible can didates for what is conserved in commo dity exchange are reviewed with reference to inverted inputoutput matrices of the British economy Strong evidence is pre sented that the conserved substance is lab our The arguments of Mirowski and others regarding the appropriateness of such physicalist arguments are discussed What is meant by the law of value The phrase law of value is little used by Marx but p opular among his followers It has no precise denition of the typ e that one would exp ect for a scientic law Laws such as Ho okes law or Boyles law have a concise denition that any chemist or physicist could rep eat but it is doubtful if anywhere in the Marxist literature there exists a comparable denition of the law of value On the basis of what Ricardo and Marx wrote on the theory we would advance the following as a reasonable denition The law of value states that value understood as the labour time social ly necessary to produce a commodity is conserved in the exchange of commodities The advantages of this denition are that it is cast in the normal form of a sci entic law it is empirically testable it has a precise meaning and it emphasizes the fundamental Marxian prop osition that value cannot arise in circulation -
Advertising and the Creation of Exchange Value
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Summer November 2014 Advertising and the Creation of Exchange Value Zoe Sherman University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Economic History Commons, Political Economy Commons, and the Public Relations and Advertising Commons Recommended Citation Sherman, Zoe, "Advertising and the Creation of Exchange Value" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 205. https://doi.org/10.7275/5625701.0 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/205 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ADVERTISING AND THE CREATION OF EXCHANGE VALUE A Dissertation Presented by ZOE SHERMAN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY September 2014 Economics © Copyright by Zoe Sherman 2014 All Rights Reserved ADVERTISING AND THE CREATION OF EXCHANGE VALUE A Dissertation Presented by ZOE SHERMAN Approved as to style and content by: ______________________________________ Gerald Friedman, Chair ______________________________________ Michael Ash, Member ______________________________________ Judith Smith, Member ___________________________________ Michael Ash, Department Chair Economics DEDICATION Dedicated to the memory of Stephen Resnick. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have had many strokes of good fortune in my life, not least the intellectual and emotional support I have enjoyed throughout my graduate studies. Stephen Resnick, Gerald Friedman, Michael Ash, and Judith Smith were the midwives of this work. -
Public Goods in Everyday Life
Public Goods in Everyday Life By June Sekera A GDAE Teaching Module on Social and Environmental Issues in Economics Global Development And Environment Institute Tufts University Medford, MA 02155 http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae Copyright © June Sekera Reproduced by permission. Copyright release is hereby granted for instructors to copy this module for instructional purposes. Students may also download the reading directly from https://ase.tufts.edu/gdae Comments and feedback from course use are welcomed: Global Development And Environment Institute Tufts University Somerville, MA 02144 http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae E-mail: [email protected] PUBLIC GOODS IN EVERYDAY LIFE “The history of civilization is a history of public goods... The more complex the civilization the greater the number of public goods that needed to be provided. Ours is far and away the most complex civilization humanity has ever developed. So its need for public goods – and goods with public goods aspects, such as education and health – is extraordinarily large. The institutions that have historically provided public goods are states. But it is unclear whether today’s states can – or will be allowed to – provide the goods we now demand.”1 -Martin Wolf, Financial Times 1 Martin Wolf, “The World’s Hunger for Public Goods”, Financial Times, January 24, 2012. 2 PUBLIC GOODS IN EVERYDAY LIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................4 1.1 TEACHING OBJECTIVES: ..................................................................................................................... -
The Emergence of the Law of Value in a Dynamic Simple Commodity Economy
Review of Political Economy, Volume 20, Number 3, 367–391, July 2008 The Emergence of the Law of Value in a Dynamic Simple Commodity Economy IAN WRIGHT Faculty of Social Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK ABSTRACT A dynamic computational model of a simple commodity economy is examined and a theory of the relationship between commodity values, market prices and the efficient division of social labour is developed. The main conclusions are: (i) the labour value of a commodity is an attractor for its market price; (ii) market prices are error signals that function to allocate the available social labour between sectors of production; and (iii) the tendency of prices to approach labour values is the monetary expression of the tendency of a simple commodity economy to allocate social labour efficiently. The model demonstrates that, in the special case of simple commodity production, Marx’s law of value can naturally emerge from multiple local exchanges and operate ‘behind the backs’ of actors solely via money flows that place budget constraints on their local evaluations of commodity prices, which are otherwise subjective and unconstrained. 1. Introduction Marx, following Ricardo, held a labour theory of the economic value of reprodu- cible commodities. The value of a commodity is determined by the prevailing technical conditions of production and measured by the socially necessary labour-time required to produce it (Marx, 1867). The value of a commodity is to be distinguished from its price, which is the amount of money it fetches in the market. According to Marx, although individual economic actors may differ in their subjective evaluations of the worth or ‘value’ of commodities, market prices are nevertheless determined by labour values due to the operation of the ‘law of value’, an objective economic law that emerges as an unintended consequence of local and distributed market exchanges. -
A Critique of John Stuart Mill Chris Daly
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Honors Theses University Honors Program 5-2002 The Boundaries of Liberalism in a Global Era: A Critique of John Stuart Mill Chris Daly Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/uhp_theses Recommended Citation Daly, Chris, "The Boundaries of Liberalism in a Global Era: A Critique of John Stuart Mill" (2002). Honors Theses. Paper 131. This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the University Honors Program at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. r The Boundaries of Liberalism in a Global Era: A Critique of John Stuart Mill Chris Daly May 8, 2002 r ABSTRACT The following study exanunes three works of John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, Utilitarianism, and Three Essays on Religion, and their subsequent effects on liberalism. Comparing the notion on individual freedom espoused in On Liberty to the notion of the social welfare in Utilitarianism, this analysis posits that it is impossible for a political philosophy to have two ultimate ends. Thus, Mill's liberalism is inherently flawed. As this philosophy was the foundation of Mill's progressive vision for humanity that he discusses in his Three Essays on Religion, this vision becomes paradoxical as well. Contending that the neo-liberalist global economic order is the contemporary parallel for Mill's religion of humanity, this work further demonstrates how these philosophical flaws have spread to infect the core of globalization in the 21 st century as well as their implications for future international relations. -
Liberalism and the Common Good a Hayekian Perspective on Communitarianism
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Liberalism and the Common Good A Hayekian Perspective on Communitarianism —————— ✦ —————— LINDA C. RAEDER In the end, given liberty to learn, men will find out that freedom means community. —William Aylott Orton n recent years, a spirited -
The Person and the Common Good*
The Person and the Common Good* By Jacques Maritain Among the truthsof whichcontemporary thought stands in partic- ular need and from which it could draw substantialprofiit, is the doctrineof the distinctionbetween individuality and personality. The essentialimportance of this distinctionis revealedin the principlesof St. Thomas. Unfortunately,a right understandingof it is difficultto achieveand requiresan exerciseof metaphysicalinsight to whichthe contemporarymind is hardlyaccustomed. Does societyexist for each one of us, or does each one of us exist for society?Does the parishexist for the parishioneror the parishioner for the parish?This question,we feel immediately,involves two aspects, in each of which there must be some elementof truth. A unilateral answerwould only plunge us into error. Hence, we must disengage the formalprinciples of a truly comprehensiveanswer and describethe precisehierarchies of valueswhich it implies. The NineteenthCentury experiencedthe errorsof individualism. We have witnessedthe de- of velopment of a totalitarian or exclusively communal conception that societywhich took placeby way of reaction. It was natural,then, in a simultaneousreaction against both totalitarianand individualistic into errorsthe concept of the human person, incorporatedas such and that be opposed to both the idea of the totalitarian state society, to of the sovereigntyof the individual. In consequence,minds related uneven in widely differingschools of philosophicthought and quite intellectualexactitude and precisionhave sensed in the notionand term current of "person"the solution sought. Whence, the "personalist" remote which has developedin our time. Yet nothing can be more two We have undertaken in this paper a reconsideration and development of Deneke conferences: the first one, entitled "The Human Person and Society," was the Lecture, given at Oxford May 9, 1939, and published in a limited edition (Paris, Desclee de Brouver. -
Makoto Itoh P
On the Value and Exchange-Value of Money Referring to the Definition of Value of Money in the 'New Interpretation' Makoto Itoh Professor, Kokugakuin University, Tokyo 1 1 The Significance of Value of Money in the 'New Interpretation' A 'new interpretation' on the transformation problem concerning Marx's theory of transforming values into prices of production was presented by D.K.Foley(1982, 1986) and G.Duménile(1983) among others and became influential among a certain number of contemporary Marxian political economists. The 'new interpretation' is based on a particular definition of value of money as the monetary expression of labor time. More concretely, the value of money is conceived as 'the ratio of the net domestic product at current prices to the living productive labor expended in an economy over a period of time' (Foley, 2000,p.21), and thus it represents the average amount of expended labor time obtainable by a unit of money, say a dollar. For example, in the USA in the early 1980s, the aggregate national value added was about $3 trillion, while about 100 million of employed workers expended 200,000 million hours (each 2,000 hours) a year. Therefore, 1 hour of labor contributed $15 of value added, and the value of a dollar was 1/15 hour (4 minutes) of social labor (Foley, 1986, p.14-15). This notion of value of money is different from Marx's notion of value of money commodity as embodied labor time in a unit of money commodity. It is, however, conceived as a useful notion in solving the traditional treatment of the transformation problem. -
Saint Augustine's Sermons 355 &
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONCEPT (E-Journal, Villanova University) [CONCEPT, Vol. XXXIV (2011)] Clerical Misconduct, Charity, and the Common Good: Saint Augustine’s Sermons 355 & 356 Rachel Claire Kondro Theology Introduction Anyone who believes that clerical scandals are unique to recent decades need look no further than Saint Augustine‟s late-fourth and early-fifth century sermons and letters to refute that opinion. Although the precise details of clerical misconduct incidents vary depending upon historical and cultural contexts, the basic, underlying issues and impact upon the community do not. This article assesses and analyzes Augustine‟s public commentary on the topic of clerical scandal as recorded in Sermons 355 and 356. I argue that the principles guiding this discourse at the end of Augustine‟s life are the very same principles that defined his pastoral vocation as a young priest very recently and quite reluctantly ordained,1 and as the founder of multiple monastic communities. Specifically, I contend that concern for promoting charity and the common good are the two primary principles at work in Augustine‟s public handling of an incident of clerical misconduct involving one of his priests. First, the notion of the common good, or the salvation of the many, is epitomized in a brief, urgent letter Augustine addressed to the bishop who ordained him in 391. There, Augustine asks Valerius, “But how am I to exercise this ministry for the salvation of others, not seeking what is beneficial for me, but for the many, that they may be saved (1 Cor. -
Exchange-Value and the Concealment of Theft and Violence
Continental Thought & Theory CT&T A journal of intellectual freedom Volume 1 | Issue 2: Debt and Value 269-291 | ISSN: 2463-333X Exchange-Value and the Concealment of Theft and Violence Jeta Mulaj Abstract: Exploring the phantom-like objectivity of exchange-value, this paper seeks to analyze the ways in which capitalist exchange relations conceal theft, violence, and exploitation. This paper begins with a critical analysis of Marx’s account of the phantom-like objectivity of exchange-value. Then, the paper elucidates the exchange between the worker and capital as an exchange of non-equivalents, while exploring the ways in which exchange-relations and the wage system conceal unpaid labour inside and outside the working day. Finally, drawing on the work of Silvia Federici and Massimo De Angelis, I argue that exchange-value and the wage system conceal violence and exploitation on at least three levels: unpaid surplus-labour, unpaid reproductive labour, and the permanence of primitive accumulation. Keywords: Exchange-value, primitive accumulation, surplus-value, Marx, Silvia Federici http://ctt.canterbury.ac.nz CONTINENTAL THOUGHT & THEORY: A JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM Volume 1, Issue 2: Debt and Value Karl Marx’s Capital is filled with ghosts, phantoms, monsters, “peculiar natures,” and hauntings. From the first chapter of Capital Volume I Marx expresses his concern with the peculiarity of the commodity. This peculiarity deepens and becomes more troubling as the relations between use-value and exchange- value, social relations of production, primitive accumulation, and wage-labor are exposed. At the center of all these relations stands exchange-value. Unlike use- value, which includes the sensuous and material characteristics of the object, exchange-value is not a thing that belongs to the object. -
Four Basic Notions of the Common Good
St. John's Law Review Volume 75 Number 2 Volume 75, Spring 2001, Number 2 Article 16 Four Basic Notions of the Common Good Brother Daniel P. Sulmasy O.F.M. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/lawreview This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in St. John's Law Review by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FOUR BASIC NOTIONS OF THE COMMON GOOD BROTHER DANIEL P. SULMASY, O.F.M.t INTRODUCTION I am delighted to be here among lawyers-it is a rare opportunity for a physician. I am very grateful to John Coughlin, my brother, for asking me to think about the common good. I told him that I never think about the common good and in trying to get me to be a better Franciscan he asked me to do so. I think it flows well from what Professor Harper just spoke to us about. I am going to talk about different ways of thinking about this term common good. The term is frequently tossed about these days, both inside and outside Catholic circles. The term "common good" has a lot of different kinds of meanings and they are not always clearly distinguished. I would like to try to bring a little more conceptual clarity by describing four basic notions of the common good. Each is going to have two subtypes; this makes it a little complex. -
Democracy and the Common Good FINAL
Democracy and the Common Good A Study of the Weighted Majority Rule Katharina Berndt Rasmussen ©Katharina Berndt Rasmussen, Stockholm 2013 ISBN 978-91-7447-738-2 Printed in Sweden by US-AB, Stockholm 2013 Distributor: Department of Philosophy, Stockholm University To Nika Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 11 1.1 Majority conundrums .............................................................................................. 11 1.2 The ubiquity of the unequal vote ............................................................................ 15 1.3 The value of democracy ......................................................................................... 17 1.4 Main thesis and disposition .................................................................................... 19 2 The basics ................................................................................................. 23 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 23 2.2 The weighted majority rule ..................................................................................... 23 2.2.1 The weighted majority rule and democratic theory ........................................ 25 2.3 Individual well-being and the common good .......................................................... 31 2.3.1 Individual well-being ......................................................................................