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Magicians, Sorcerers and Witches: Considering Pretantric, Non-Sectarian Sources of Tantric Practices
Article Magicians, Sorcerers and Witches: Considering Pretantric, Non-sectarian Sources of Tantric Practices Ronald M. Davidson Department of Religious Studies, Farifield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; [email protected] Received: 27 June 2017; Accepted: 23 August 2017; Published: 13 September 2017 Abstract: Most models on the origins of tantrism have been either inattentive to or dismissive of non-literate, non-sectarian ritual systems. Groups of magicians, sorcerers or witches operated in India since before the advent of tantrism and continued to perform ritual, entertainment and curative functions down to the present. There is no evidence that they were tantric in any significant way, and it is not clear that they were concerned with any of the liberation ideologies that are a hallmark of the sectarian systems, even while they had their own separate identities and specific divinities. This paper provides evidence for the durability of these systems and their continuation as sources for some of the ritual and nomenclature of the sectarian tantric traditions, including the predisposition to ritual creativity and bricolage. Keywords: tantra; mantra; ritual; magician; sorcerer; seeress; vidyādhara; māyākāra; aindrajālika; non-literate 1. Introduction1 In the emergence of alternative religious systems such as tantrism, a number of factors have historically been seen at play. Among these are elements that might be called ‘pre-existing’. That is, they themselves are not representative of the eventual emergent system, but they provide some of the raw material—ritual, ideological, terminological, functional, or other—for its development. Indology, and in particular the study of Indian ritual, has been less than adroit at discussing such phenomena, especially when it may be designated or classified as ‘magical’ in some sense. -
SOURCES of MEDIEVAL DEMONOLOGY by Diana Lynn Walzel When Most of Us Think of Demons Today, If We Do Think of Them, Some Medieval Imp Undoubtedly Comes to Mind
SOURCES OF MEDIEVAL DEMONOLOGY by Diana Lynn Walzel When most of us think of demons today, if we do think of them, some medieval imp undoubtedly comes to mind. The lineage of the medieval demon, and the modern conception thereof, can be traced to four main sources, all of which have links to the earliest human civilizations. Greek philosophy, Jewish apocryphal literature, Biblical doctrine, and pagan Germanic folklore all contribute elements to the demons which flourished in men's minds at the close of the medieval period. It is my purpose briefly to delineate the demonology of each of these sources and to indicate their relationship to each other. Homer had equated demons with gods and used daimon and theos as synonyms. Later writers gave a different nuance and even definition to the word daimon, but the close relationship between demons and the gods was never completely lost from sight. In the thinkers of Middle Platonism the identification of demons with the gods was revived, and this equation is ever-present in Christian authors. Hesiod had been the first to view demons as other than gods, consider- ing them the departed souls of men living in the golden age. Going a step further, Pythagoras believed the soul of any man became a demon when separated from the body. A demon, then, was simply a bodiless soul. In Platonic thought there was great confusion between demons and human souls. There seems to have been an actual distinction between the two for Plato, but what the distinction was is impossible now to discern. -
Dark Mirrors: Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology
Orlov Dark Mirrors RELIGIOUS STUDIES Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology Dark Mirrors is a wide-ranging study of two central figures in early Jewish demonology—the fallen angels Azazel and Satanael. Andrei A. Orlov explores the mediating role of these paradigmatic celestial rebels in the development of Jewish demonological traditions from Second Temple apocalypticism to later Jewish mysticism, such as that of the Hekhalot and Shi ur Qomah materials. Throughout, Orlov makes use of Jewish pseudepigraphical materials in Slavonic that are not widely known. Dark Mirrors Orlov traces the origins of Azazel and Satanael to different and competing mythologies of evil, one to the Fall in the Garden of Eden, the other to the revolt of angels in the antediluvian period. Although Azazel and Satanael are initially representatives of rival etiologies of corruption, in later Jewish and Christian demonological lore each is able to enter the other’s stories in new conceptual capacities. Dark Mirrors also examines the symmetrical patterns of early Jewish demonology that are often manifested in these fallen angels’ imitation of the attributes of various heavenly beings, including principal angels and even God himself. Andrei A. Orlov is Associate Professor of Theology at Marquette University. He is the author of several books, including Selected Studies in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha. State University of New York Press www.sunypress.edu Andrei A. Orlov Dark Mirrors Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology Andrei A. Orlov Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2011 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. -
Christian Demonology and Popular Mythology (Review) Michael D
History Publications History Summer 2008 Christian Demonology and Popular Mythology (review) Michael D. Bailey Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/history_pubs Part of the Cultural History Commons, European History Commons, History of Religion Commons, and the Other History Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ history_pubs/42. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Christian Demonology and Popular Mythology (review) Abstract This is the second volume in a planned series of three emerging from an international conference held in 1999 in Budapest (for a review of the first volume, Communicating with the Spirits, by this reviewer, see Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft 1.2 [2006], 257–60). The focus of this volume is human conceptions of and purported interaction with spirit-entities that traditional Christianity would label as demons. The se says collected here do not limit themselves to explorations of what Christian authorities had to say on the subject of demons, however, but also address folkloric spirit beliefs (the "popular mythology" as opposed to the "Christian demonology" of the title), and explore how these two realms of understanding spirits influenced one another. -
The Vampire Myth and Christianity
Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Master of Liberal Studies Theses Spring 2010 The aV mpire Myth and Christianity Dorothy Ivey [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.rollins.edu/mls Part of the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Ivey, Dorothy, "The aV mpire Myth and Christianity" (2010). Master of Liberal Studies Theses. 16. http://scholarship.rollins.edu/mls/16 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Liberal Studies Theses by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE VAMPIRE MYTH AND CHRISTIANITY A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Liberal Studies by Dorothy I. Wotherspoon May, 2010 Mentor: Dr. Steve Phelan Rollins College Hamilton Holt School Master of Liberal Studies Program Winter Park, Florida THE VAMPIRE MYTH AND CHRISTIANITY Project Approved: _____________________________________________ Mentor _____________________________________________ Seminar Director _____________________________________________ Director, Master of Liberal Studies Program _____________________________________________ Dean, Hamilton Holt School Rollins College Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. -
Ÿþm I C R O S O F T W O R
Leeds Studies in English Article: Jocelyn G. Price, 'The Virgin and the Dragon: The Demonology of Seinte Margarete', Leeds Studies in English, n.s. 16 (1985), 337-57 Permanent URL: https://ludos.leeds.ac.uk:443/R/-?func=dbin-jump- full&object_id=123650&silo_library=GEN01 Leeds Studies in English School of English University of Leeds http://www.leeds.ac.uk/lse \ THE VIRGIN AND THE DRAGON: THE DEMONOLOGY OF SEINTE MARGARETE By JOCELYN PRICE The stylistic and structural elaboration the Early Middle English Seinte Margarete brings to its Latin source has been praised, in what little modern comment there is on this Katherine Group legend, but praised as "naive and sensational hagiography". In this con text it is Margarete's ability to heighten grotesque and horrific detail from its source that has been chiefly remarked, especially in the case of the dragon encountered by the virgin saint. It is true that the EME text permits the dragon an appearance of greater fullness and splendour than any preceding Latin or English version of the legend, and it is also true that some texts of the legend excise the dragon, or display doubt and scepticism regarding him. Yet the presence, even the very full presence, of a dragon does not consign a text to the realm of the merely sensational or naive. Especially in comparison with some other early English versions of the legend, Margarete knows what it is doing with its dragon: its re-working of the legend is on the whole more remark able for confident and informed orthodoxy than naivete. -
William of Auvergne and Popular Demonology
Quidditas Volume 28 Article 6 2007 William of Auvergne and Popular Demonology Thomas de Mayo J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation de Mayo, Thomas (2007) "William of Auvergne and Popular Demonology," Quidditas: Vol. 28 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol28/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Quidditas 28 (2007) 61 William of Auvergne and Popular Demonology Thomas de Mayo J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College Theologian and bishop of Paris during St. Louis’ early reign, William of Auvergne (d. 1249) aimed in his life and writings to combat the myriad threats he perceived as facing Christianity. The early thirteenth century saw many potential competitors to official doctrines concerning the natural and supernatural worlds—Arabic philosophy imported into the universities, heretical attacks on the institutional church, and persistent folk beliefs and practices. William attributed these challenges to an underlying demonic conspiracy directed against humankind. This paper examines William’s treatment of popular beliefs on the Wild Hunt, a mysterious congregation of spirits, and related beliefs about female spirits and night terrors. William applies to these legends his learned conceptions about the natural and supernatural worlds. He argues that although God might cause or encourage the morally salutary visions of the male riders of the Wild Hunt, visions of female spirits such as Lady Abundia represent a demonic ploy to secure the idolatrous worship of human women. -
DD1 Six Tape Series 6001 How I Came to Grips with Demons 6
Deliverance And Demonology by Derek Prince — Study Note Outline — DD1 Six Tape Series 6001 How I Came To Grips With Demons 6002 How Jesus Dealt With Demons 6003 Nature And Activity Of Demons 6004 How To Recognize And Expel Demons 6005 Cult And Occult: Satan’s Snares Disclosed 6006 Seven Ways To Keep Your Deliverance How I Came To Grips With Demons 6001 I. Introduction A. Jer. 6:14; 8:11—The hurt of God’s people “slightly healed.” Wounds covered, but not cleansed. We must use “probe” and “forceps.” Evil spirits must be detected and driven out. B. 1 Cor. 9:26—To minister to human needs without discernment of evil spirits is to fight “as one that beats the air.” II. Personal Testimony A. For 20 years I believed and preached the “full Gospel”: The new birth; the baptism in the Holy Spirit; divine healing; the second coming of Christ. But I encountered many cases that I could not understand and therefore could not help. B. God’s personal challenge in 1961–2: “Are you satisfied? Or do you want to go further?” C. After a recommitment, a “postgraduate course” of spiritual education D. Brought face to face with demons in Christians who had been baptized in the Holy Spirit E. Forced to reevaluate my doctrinal preconceptions F. A Baptist lady delivered of eight demons G. Her six-year-old daughter likewise delivered H. My own sermon in the morning worship service interrupted by demons crying out from the church pianist I. A new phase of ministry J. -
"That Inimitable Art": Magic in Early Modern English Culture Meredith Molly Hand
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 "That Inimitable Art": Magic in Early Modern English Culture Meredith Molly Hand Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES “THAT INIMITABLE ART”: MAGIC IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH CULTURE By MEREDITH MOLLY HAND A Dissertation submitted to the Department of English in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2009 The members of the committee approve the dissertation of Meredith Molly Hand defended on March 2, 2009. Bruce Boehrer Professor Directing Dissertation John Corrigan Outside Committee Member Gary Taylor Committee Member Daniel Vitkus Committee Member Nancy Warren Committee Member Approved: Ralph Berry, Chair, Department of English The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii For Aili and Myrtie, Larry and Raija, Jonathan, and Eric. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I’ve accumulated numerous debts, personal and professional, while working on this project. First, I must thank Bruce Boehrer, who was all one could ask for in an advisor. I count myself fortunate to have written this dissertation under his supervision; I’ve certainly benefited from his astonishing breadth of knowledge. Gary Taylor, Daniel Vitkus, and Nancy Warren were excellent committee members, and I am grateful to each of them for their generosity in providing feedback at various stages. I owe special thanks to Gary Taylor for inviting me to work as a research assistant on the Oxford Middleton. -
Witchcraft and Demonology in the Middle Ages
History Publications History 12-20-2019 Witchcraft and Demonology in the Middle Ages Michael D. Bailey Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/history_pubs Part of the Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, and the Technical and Professional Writing Commons The complete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ history_pubs/120. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Witchcraft and Demonology in the Middle Ages Abstract Martin Le Franc gives voice to the ideas of his time through the characters of his poem and integrates into it the representations of traditional knowledge, discussions on heresy, magic and demonology as well as the popular beliefs concerning witchcraft and its practice. Savoy Amadeus VIII feels so strongly about the dangers of witchcraft that he enjoins both the secular and the ecclesiastical justice of his duchy to initiate the pursuit and judgment of heresy and witchcraft. From the 1440s, texts about witchcraft not only attempt to describe the Sabbath and the atrocities committed by sorcerers and witches but aim also at understanding the reality of the interactions between demons and witches, as well as their consequences. -
Some Siamese Ghost-Lore And. Demonology
Some Siamese Ghost-lore and. Demonology. - • '2S' • -· BY A. J. IRWIN. In all countries and at all times there seems to have existed some belief in spirits or ghosts, and Siam is not an exception to the general rule. There is no doubt that among most classes of people in this country beliefs are held in the existence of spirits good and bad, both of this world, and, to a much more limitecl extent, of other worlds. These spirits are referred to by the general term a pi,. ( ~ ) to which is added the name of any particular spirit alluded to, as" pi ruen," "pi pa." The subject is one that is of interest to many, partly from the wish to le;u·n the ideas regarding such matters of those amongst whom we live, and partly from the desire to obtain data for comparing their beliefs with those existing in other countries 'vith which we are acquainted. The subject of spirits-the belief in them, and the worship of them-is however a very wide one, and no claim is made to touch on more than the verge of it in this paper. There is a good deti.l of difficulty in coll ac:ting in fonnn.tion about such matters. Persons holding certain beliefs ma,y not wish to speak of them, especially if they think that the particular "pi" under discussion is anywhere in the neighbomhood. Again two or more persons may eaeh in describing the same "pi ·" give a different account of its appearance or attributes. Perhaps also the same "pi" may have different faculties assigned to it in different parts of the country. -
BIBLIOGRAPHY of HOLDINGS in the OCCULT SCIENCES, DEMONOLOGY & WITCHCRAFT Rare Books and Special Collections, the University of Sydney Library
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HOLDINGS IN THE OCCULT SCIENCES, DEMONOLOGY & WITCHCRAFT Rare Books and Special Collections, The University of Sydney Library. Last updated 29/1/2020 GENERAL WORKS AGRIPPA VON NETTESHEIM, Heinrich De incertitudinae et vanitate scientiarum declamatio invectiva; qua universailla sophorum gigantomachia plus quam Herculea impugna audacia. Cologne : Eucharius Cervicornus, 1532 Call number: Deane RB 4032.2 ALDERSON, John An essay on apparitions in which their appearance is accounted for by causes wholly independent of preternatural agencies. New edition. London : Longman, 1823 Call number: RB 4723.72 Alphonso a Castro Zamora De Impia sortilegarum, maleficarum & lamiarum … In: Malleus Maleficarum, maleficas et earum haeresim framea contens, ex variis auctoribus compilatus…. Lyons: Claude Bourgeat, 1669 Call number: RB 3669.4 AQUINAS, Thomas Summa theologica... Lugduni: Sumpt. Franciscus Comba, 1677 Call number: RB Folio 6177.4 ASHMOLE, Elias Theatrum chemicum Britannicum : containing severall poeticall pieces of our famous English philosophers, who have written the hermetique mysteries in their owne ancient language / faithfully collected into one volume, with annotations thereon, by Elias Ashmole. Kila, MT: Kessinger, 1991. Facsimile edition. Originally published 1652. Call number: RB 9891.4 BACON, Francis Sylva sylvarum, or, a natural history in ten centuries ... London : Printed by J.F. and S.F. for William Lee ..., 1664 Call number: Deane Wing B298 BACON, Roger Frier Bacon his discovery of the miracles of art, nature and magick. London, Simon Miller, 1659 Call number: Deane Wing B37 BARRETT, Francis The Magus, or, celestial intelligencer: being a complete system of occult philosophy. Wellingborough, England : Thorsons Publishers ; New York : Samuel Weiser, [19--] Facsimile edition. Call number: RB 4701.45 BEAUMONT, John An historical, physiological and theological treatise of spirits, apparitions, witchcraftes, and other magical practices ..