A Liberal Religious Community Since 1871 Introduction
The history of our Society is closely tied to the history of our town of Wellesley. Both the Society and the town were conceived at a time, following the American Civil War, when independent thinkers were questioning many older institutions and values. In fact, both the town of Wellesley and our Society share many of the same founders. The town and the Society have progressed together, each experiencing periods of rapid and even burdensome growth (both nearly doubled in the years following each World War) and both experienced periods of declines and contractions.
Often, our congregation nurtured national leaders and thinkers in humanism and active liberal religious theology. Some of the most famous names in the Unitarian thought and Unitarian social action, including James Luther Adams, Charles Potter, Waitstill Sharp, and William Rice have led and inspired our congregation and, we would like to think, in some way they may have found inspiration from us. At other times our congregation has found strength in more restrained personal activism with ministers who focus on traditional spiritual and personal growth issues than the larger societal and denominational issues of the day.
The process of establishing and defining our purpose as a liberal religion and as a liberal congregation has been a constant challenge for our congregation. It is a challenge we undertake with enthusiasm.
The Split With the Congregational Society After the American Civil War many residents of the Grantville section of Needham found themselves dissatisfied with the local Congregational Society, now known as the Wellesley Hills Congregational Church. The nearest Unitarian Society, although less than three miles away in Needham Center was not felt to provide the community experience they were seeking. In 1869, sixty-seven residents of the Grantville area formed a committee to establish their own congregation and founded the Unitarian Society of Grantville. Like many independent thinkers of the time, these men and women, all civic and intellectual leaders in the area, were heavily influenced by the post-Civil War intellectual furor taking place in America. New religious ideas that had been developing for several decades, mostly in Boston, were now being hotly debated even in small towns and local churches; transcendentalism, rationalism, women's rights, and evolution, as well as the so-called Unitarian Controversy were topics of general discussion.
Another force that may have been significant in our split with the our Congregational brethren may not have been so ecclesiastical. As Unitarians were replacing Congregationalists as the dominant force in Boston, and as transportation was bringing wealthy and influential Bostonians to Wellesley, a connection to the religious heritage was needed. Many of our founders maintained professional offices in Boston and the Hunnewell family remained deeply connected with the influential Arlington Street Unitarian Church in Boston's prestigious Back Bay. A prominent chapel in the Arlington Street Church (UU) is dedicated to the memory of Horatio Hollis Hunnewell whose estate, Wellesley, became the namesake of our town.
Mark Harris, author of the monumental “Historical Dictionary of Unitarian Universalism” notes that “Unitarians controlled all the educational, social, economic, and political power in Boston.” and notes that exclusivity was the hallmark of Unitarianism in nineteenth century Boston. Unitarians used their wealth and power to create “a number of cultural institutions, but they kept them private.” In Boston, Unitarians dominated the intellectual and philanthropic organizations such as the Boston Athenaeum, the Boston Symphony, and Harvard Divinity School. (Mark W. Harris, “Elite: Uncovering Classicism in Unitarian Universalist History” Skinner House, 2011)
Although the members of The Unitarian Society of Grantville had been meeting since 1869, it was not recognized as a corporation by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until February 27, 1871. The official designation of a "society" rather than “church” was requested at that time. The incorporation documents state the purpose of the organization is the "worship of God and general religious purposes, and the holding of church property therefore." Due to technical issues, the Society had to be incorporated again in 1878, and once more in 1881 changing the name from Grantville to Wellesley Hills. The designation of Wellesley Hills was used in a way similar to the two Congregational churches that were existing in the new town of Wellesley. The relationship between the newly formed Unitarian Society of Grantville and the established Congregational churches in town has always remained friendly, if somewhat competitive. The minister of the Congregational Society was a speaker at the dedication of the new Unitarian building in 1888 and during the winter of 1918, when heating oil was rationed, our congregation accepted an invitation to use the Congregational Church and donate the fuel savings to the war effort.
Grantville becomes The 1878 incorporation document for the Unitarian Society of Wellesley Hills It may very well have been the success in establishing their new Unitarian Society of Grantville that encouraged many of these same people to break away from another institution - this time the Town of Needham - and establish their own local government, the Town of Wellesley. Many of our town's founding fathers, including Joseph E. Fiske, John W. Shaw, and Isaac Sprague, were members of our society. In 1880, the petition to separate a new town from Needham was justified to the Massachusetts legislature with a statement that since the Grantville Unitarian Society was already operating independently from the Needham church, there was little holding the areas together.
Many of the founders of the Society were free thinkers caught up in the Unitarian Controversy of the time. Many were veterans of the abolition and women's movements of the nineteenth century, and yet many others were more established and conservative leaders of the area. This internal conflict would affect many of the decisions within the church. John and Mary Sawyer were transcendentalists who had moved to Grantville when the famous Brook Farm experiment in communal living in Roxbury was disbanded. They have been described by historian Beth Hinchliffe as the "most unusual" of the areas residents because their friends and visitors included the most vociferous radicals of their day, Harriet Beecher Stowe, William Ellery Channing, Charles Sumner, and John Greenleaf Whittier. John W. Shaw, who was one of the original members of the Grantville Unitarian Society, went on to serve on the first board of selectman of Wellesley. The bell tower in nearby Elm Park is dedicated to him. Alvin Fuller, the Post Master for the area was an early supporter of the society. Isaac Sprague, in addition to being a world famous painter who traveled and collaborated with John James Audubon, was a real estate investor and was instrumental in founding both the church and the town of Wellesley. Another early supporter of the Society, although never a member, was Horatio Hollis Hunnwell, who twice donated $2,500 to the fledgling congregation. His family held close ties to the Arlington Street Unitarian Church in Boston. For the first ten years of existence, a small industrial building, Maugus Hall, served as a church building. The hall, which was originally built as a railroad depot before the Civil War, had served as the school and community center for the village of Grantville. An early history of the town written by John E. Fiske ("History of the Town of Wellesley, 1917") reported that The Hunnewell family, although never members, supported our Society. But this plaque at the "...when Maugus Hall was chosen as Arlington Street Church indicates a their place of worship it was the only strong connection to Boston. public gathering place in the village, and after the church was organized some of the members did not wish it used for anything but their own meetings. A lively time and some friction ensued, but it was finally settled, and in 1871 the building was bought by the Society, and used by them until 1888, when the present church was erected." A minister from the nearby First Parish in Needham, Reverend Albert Buell Vorse, was hired and served until his death in 1899. Although the Society has, from time to time, resorted to mortgages and debt, the first treasurer, Rebecca Eaton, reported "Your treasurer feels she can congratulate the Unitarian Society of Grantville for the complete success which has attended their effort. So grave were the doubts as to our accomplishment...(But) we have bought and paid for this house and land...we have repaired and furnished it...we have paid the minister's salary. We are entirely free from debt." In the Bradford history of the town of Wellesley he states that "If the Unitarian Church is a flourishing and successful institution today (1929), Miss Eaton should always be remembered as prominently instrumental." (p.25) That treasurer, it is interesting to note, is the aunt of The first home of the Society, Isaac Sprague. Maugus Hall, was a converted utility building
New Building in 1888 In 1888, a rustic stone church building which is now is used for classrooms and a small chapel was erected. The architects were asked to design a building in the style of an English country church and to "have it fit nicely into the village and not be imposing." The congregation had accepted a substantial contribution from Hollis Horatio Hunnewell, a major force in the designing the town of Wellesley, having recently donated the town hall, library, and park system. Hunnewell had requested that the architects run their plans by him before final approval and although no mention of a cross appears in the discussions of the building committee (they appear to have discussed everything else), it has long been speculated that the Celtic cross on the steeple was to satisfy Hunnewell's taste. Since the congregation at that time was described by a denominational official as “distinctly Christian” it seems likely that a steeple would carry a cross, but whether or not the Celtic cross design characterized by a circle around the center of the cross was Hunnewell's particular contribution remains a mystery.
The firm selected to design the building, Rotch and Tilden, was one of New England's most active architectural firms at the time (Biographical Dictionary of American Architects, Henry F. Whithey, 1970) designing religious, academic, and public buildings. The firm had ties to Harvard, MIT, and at the time was working on buildings at Williams College and Wellesley College. The Wellesley Courant, predecessor of the Townsman, reported on the dedication of our building, noting that the architects were: “very successful in presenting a structure that is massive, imposing, and ornamental, though they were somewhat restricted by the moderate limits of the building fund. This led to simplicity of construction and the use of bowlders (sic) from the neighboring fields for building stone, which gives a certain dignity to the edifice which would be easily lost in any attempt to make a small building an imitation of a large one.” The article concludes “An impression of solidity is given by the massive masonry and the broad spreading slate roof, relieved by a picturesque belfry recalling the small churches of Normandy.” During the year of construction the congregation met in the sanctuary of the Hills Congregational Church on Sunday afternoons. The older building was not demolished, but moved to 58 Forest Street where it was converted into Miss Croswell's Nursery School before it was torn down in the 1950's. In 1890 the first parsonage for the Society was completed at the corner of Washington and Forest Streets, where currently a small office complex is located. A few years later a more convenient home for the minister was bought at 310 Washington Street, directly opposite the church near the present Greene's Hardware store. This building was moved in 1941 around the corner to 10 Maugus Avenue. By 1966 the role of a parsonage in the life of the church had changed and the large Victorian mansion was sold to allow other housing arrangements for the minster. The first minister, Reverend A.B. Vorse, provided stable leadership in the formative years of the Society. His tenure of 28 years is the longest of the dozen or so ministers who have followed him. Gameliel Bradford, in his history "Early Days in Wellesley," (1929), writes that Vorse "was quiet, reserved, and seemed almost shy. He was not an especially brilliant preacher. But there was an atmosphere of peculiar, intimate, utterly unpretentious sanctity about him, which impressed even a childhood so indifferent and so erratic as mine.” Bradford writes “the life of the church in those days was full of activity. A course of lectures, together with coffee parties through the winter months, a two-to-three-days fair, usually held in a tent on the lawn beside the chapel, a mid-summer picnic...were always events in which the whole community were interested and all of which affairs augmented the church finances." Interior of the stone building. Photo taken about 1925 before Hatch Rose Window installed. The Parish Hall addition built in 1929 would closely resemble this style, including the circular light fixtures and dark wood panels. Many items from this sanctuary including the lectern, hymn board, and Hatch Rose window would be transferred to the 1960 sanctuary building.
Growth Years: The Unitarian Society of Grantville grew as the town of Wellesley developed from a rural community to an influential suburb of Boston. By 1917, Joseph E. Fiske could write in his history of the town that the Unitarian Society "shares about equally with the Congregational Society in the new comers to the community (p30)." The area that was long known for the Elm Park Hotel, a rural retreat for wealthy Bostonians, but as the village of Grantville was becoming the town of Wellesley. The area was becoming an economic and transportation center and the character of the intersection dramatically changed. By the turn of the century, cattle were no longer being driven down Washington Street in front of our building on the way to the stockyards in Brighton. The industrial revolution and immigration policies were changing the settlement patterns in the area. The hotel went through a period of decline and trains and trolleys were now passing on both sides of the church and the hotel. The hotel was acquired by the town and was demolished in 1908 to create Elm Park. As the town of Wellesley grew in a somewhat haphazard but steady manner, so too did the Unitarian Society of Grantville, now The Unitarian Society of Wellesley Hills. In 1891 the Annual Report states that “sixty-three families attend with some degree of regularity.” The Report of 1900 states a yearly growth of 16 members, bringing the total to 128 members, and notes that “since our new pastor was installed, we have found it hard to satisfy constant demand for additional seating.” In 1901 a letter to the board reports that there are 91 “scholars” in the Sunday School, with eight regular teachers and three substitutes. (loose leaf binder) But the 1912 Annual Report noted a serious decline in contributors between 1907 and 1911, dropping Settled Ministers steadily from 69 to 57 over the four year period, before jumping to a 1871 – 1899 Albert Buel Vorse 28 years record of 82 contributors in 1912. 1899 – 1909 John Snyder 10 years As economic stability returned after 1910 – 1917 William Henry Ramsay 7 years the First World War, both the town and the Society saw a growth spurt 1918 – 1919 Charles Frances Potter 2 years that has never been duplicated. In 1920 – 1933 Walter Samuel Swisher 13 years October 1929 ground was broken 1934 – 1935 James Luther Adams 2 years for the much-needed Parish House to adjoin the church building and 1936 – 1944 Waitstill Hastings Sharp 8 years provide space for social activities 1945 – 1970 William Brooks Rice 25 years and Sunday School. 1971 – 1974 Robert Erwin Senghas 4 years Serving for 28 years, Reverend 1977 – 2000 John Hay Nichols 23 years Vorse, the first minister, remains to this day the longest serving minister 2002 – 2009 Phylllis B. O'Connell 7 years of the Society. The following 28 2011 – 2016 Sara Ascher 5 years years would see four ministers 2018 - Kelly Murphy Mason arrive at the church.
One of shortest terms for a minister was that of peripatetic Rev. Charles Potter, who led two Baptist and three Unitarian churches before arriving in Wellesley. He would eventually head several major congregations in New York. It is not clear why Potter left Wellesley so quickly, but it is clear that Potter was a man of ideas, vision, and drive. As minister of the West Side Unitarian Church in New York City, Potter gained national attention and became the biblical consultant to Clarence Darrow in the famous Scopes monkey trial in 1925. In 1929 he founded the First Humanist Society of New York, whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein, and Thomas Mann. Several years later Potter would recall that "I had given up my fast dwindling belief in the deity of Jesus and the doctrine of the Trinity," he wrote. "Now, fifteen years later, I was leaving not only Christianity—if Unitarianism is Christianity—but Theism as well." (emphasis added)
A long and stable ministry would not arrive until 1920 with Reverend Walter Samuel Swisher. Swisher oversaw the growth spurt that affected the area after the first World War. Post-war prosperity led to major improvements including a pipe organ and the massive Rose Window. Although the organ has been replaced, the Rose Window was moved in 1960 and still stands center-stage in the sanctuary. Growth in the Boston suburbs and new transportation access to Wellesley created rapid growth in church membership and Sunday School students. Additional space for children's school and social activity for youth and adults became a priority. Several proposals were studied, including the purchase of the the neighboring residences on both sides of the property. Although forty years later both properties would be purchased, at the time the decision was made to squeeze an addition behind older building. Construction was begun in 1928. The new “parish house,” as it was known at the time, cost $81,000 was dedicated in 1929 and funded through donations and several mortgages. Religious services continued to Census Year Population Change % be held in the older building. 1900 5,072 1910 5,413 7% 1920 6,224 15% 1930 11,439 84% The building of the new “Parish House,” or “Parish 1940 15,127 32% Hall” as we now call it, was a major undertaking, 1950 20,549 36% 1960 26,071 27% but it came at an unfortunate time. Projections that 1970 28,051 8% the membership of the Society would continue to 1980 27,209 -3% 1990 26,615 -2% grow at a staggering pace, nearly doubling in the 2000 27,046 2% previous ten years, would be dashed by the Great 2010 27,982 3% Depression. In addition, optimistic financial Town population nearly doubled projections were impossible to achieve. A report following WWI from 1937 indicates that church was in a difficult financial situation with outstanding debts of $37,000. “How did we acquire this debt?” the report asks, and then answers “In the building of Parish House.” “Remember,” it continues, “it was planned and started in that gay and giddy year of 1929, when even the judgment of the wise men of this parish was over- optimistic.” Most of the money was owed to the Wellesley Trust Company, and the account, which was charging 6%, was current. However, almost a third was borrowed from the AUA and was in arrears.
The 1929 Parish House was squeezed behind a residential house, visible here at the left. This house was moved in 1960 for the new sanctuary.
The church became the center of the social lives of the members. Many clubs and activities, most now forgotten, were instituted. A booklet from the 1930's lists other social organizations within the church at the time including the Laymen's League for the men, the Cheerful Letter Committee, the National Alliance, the Scissors and Paste Society, the Second Quarter Club, the Jefferson Fellowship, the Junior AUY, the Parish Players group, the Fireside Club, and the Children's Church. One of the earliest organizations was the Women's Alliance which was originally called the Ladies Sewing Circle and dates back to earliest years of the Society.
Reverend Swisher was succeeded in 1934 by James Luther Adams, who would leave a lasting impression on the Society even though his tenure was quite short. Mr. Adams was well known as a liberal humanist when he accepted the position in Wellesley and he would leave the church after one year to accept a professorship in Meadville Theology School in Chicago. He later would bring his liberal theology to the Harvard Divinity School where he would teach until his retirement in 1968. He was remembered thirty-five years later by church member Marion Niles as “the one who would open up the cloistered walls of the church to the problems of social concern.” (Reminiscences – 1971, in In Our Voices book) This concern for social problems would play a vital role in the future leadership of the Society. In a prophetic letter to his successor in Wellesley in February, 1941, Adams warned of a “terrible holocaust,” and that “the church of the next decade will have hard work to do...it will have to teach us the meaning of the words justice and mercy and thus kill the seeds of Fascism that are in us.”
As a note to those interested in the historical records of the Society, Mr. Adams laments the loss of his, as well as other papers, in a letter he wrote to his successor. In 1941, his successor, Waitstill Sharp, was writing a history of the Society and inquired of Adams if he knew where some important historical documents were located. Adams writes, “Margaret (Mrs. Adams) tells me that we heard long ago of the disappearance of the records. I must confess that I don't remember hearing of this before. Certainly, it would be erroneous to suppose that these records were left in the parsonage. They were left in the desk of the minister's study in the church, where the parish assistant took over when I left. Whoever was to blame for this loss, it is a great pity; and I imagine what a terribly difficult situation the loss has made for you.”
World War Two Affects our Congregation Waitstill Hastings Sharp began his ministry in Wellesley in April, 1936, but it was clear from the beginning that his wife, Martha, was an equal partner in the endeavor. Wellesley was slowly recovering from the great depression, but like many progressive thinkers of the time, the Sharps were greatly concerned with growing totalitarian regimes of Spain, Italy, and Germany. Like many progressive thinkers of the time they attended meetings and discussion groups about the growing problems for Jews and liberal thinkers in Europe. At one of these meetings a member of the Wellesley congregation who was also vice- president of the AUA proposed the idea that the AUA establish a service committee to assist refugees who were fleeing Germany and pouring into the Unitarian churches in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
In February, 1939, the Sharps, compelled by their faith and moral outrage, accepted the charge from the AUA, placed their children in the hands of friends in Wellesley congregation and left for Prague. In 1995, Mrs. Vahe Boyajian recalled that “When Waitstill Sharp took a year off to go to Europe and help the war effort – that was a real challenge left for the congregation. And we did alright. We had no minister, but people ...kept the wheels rolling and the spirit alive.” (In Our Own Voices, 1995) Over the next six years the Sharps would devote themselves to the fledgling Unitarian Service Committee. They made two extended trips to Europe, spending months establishing immigration centers in Czechoslovakia, Spain, Portugal, and France,
The Sharps are credited with establishing the Unitarian Service Committee which saved hundreds of lives. Their work was recognized by the Israeli government in 2005 when they became the only the second and third Americans to be named at the Martyrs' and Heroes' memorial, Yad Vashem, in Jerusalem. Some of their papers are housed in the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C. After nearly six years of juggling his Wellesley ministry with work for the Service Committee, in May, 1944, Waitstill Sharp resigned his ministry here in Wellesley and began to work full time job in Cairo with the United Nations Displaced Persons Relief Agency. Although Martha's biographer, Ghanda Di Figlia, could find “no evidence to suggest that they (Waitstill and Martha) had become dissatisfied with his ministry in Wellesley,” she does speculate that he may have found it difficult “to serve both the socially conscious among his parishioners and those extreme conservatives who thought the New Deal a Constitutional travesty.” Di Figlia also speculates that “Parish work at that particular period in his own and the world's history might have seemed almost beside the point.”
Reverend Sharp would would spend the next five years working in Europe and the Middle East with the UN, the Unitarian Service Committee, and Hadassah, a Jewish relief organization. He returned to the United States in 1950 where he became a civil rights and community organizer in the Chicago area. In 1954, he returned to the Unitarian ministry serving in Iowa, Michigan, and Petersham, Massachusetts. He and Martha, along with former minister James Luther Adams, returned to UUSWH to attend the Centennial Celebration in 1971. The Sharp Room in Parish Hall was dedicated to Waitstill and Martha in 1998. Defying the Nazis: Sharps’ War, a documentary film directed by Ken Burns and Artemis Joukowsky and narrated by Tom Hanks was broadcast on PBS
Martha returned to Wellesley where she became politically active. In 1946 she won the Democratic nomination to run against incumbent Republican Joseph Martin for the US House. In an early case of red-baiting, Martin, who had represented the area in Washington since 1925, accused Sharp of being a Communist sympathizer. It even appeared that Martin, in an early case of dirty tricks, had stolen campaign correspondence from Sharp's office. Although there was already a woman congressman from Massachusetts, Martha Sharp would have been the first woman from the state who did fill her husband's unexpired term. Martha did not prevail and the following year Joseph Martin would become Speaker of the House of Representatives. Waitstill remained overseas.
In 1945, the Finance Committee proposed a large celebration, a Diamond Jubilee, celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Society. The Finance Committee began its annual campaign with a statement that“The Unitarian tradition of liberalism makes us realize our responsibility in helping find the way of a permanent peace...we have an important job to do.” And, although war was never far from their minds, they declared “our church, (is) an association of over 300 Wellesley families who are enriched by the strength and beauty that comes to us through religion.” It was probably not a coincidence that the large celebratory event was held at the church on December 8, 1946, exactly five years after the declaration of war.
A Long Term Ministry under William Rice The era following the Second World War saw another big influx of residents to Wellesley and growth of the Unitarian Society followed. This period of growth and stability was overseen by Reverend William Brooks Rice who was called by our congregation in 1945 and served until his death in 1970. Reverend Rice would oversee the expansion of the church facilities, the acquisition in 1955 of the building later known as “Rice House,” and the construction of the new Sanctuary building in 1960. Over the next ten years the Unitarian Society of Wellesley Hills would grow to become the fifth largest Unitarian congregation in the country (Historical Sketch by Kathryn Hall).
Like his predecessor, Reverend Rice strove to combine his local ministry with larger issues, both in the larger denominational affairs and controversial social issues that were operating in society. He brought progressive, controversial and divisive issues to his congregation; - civil rights, nuclear disarmament, and fluoridated water were often issues of his sermons. He often found himself in conflict with some very conservative townsmen, even within his own congregation. He published a petition in the Wellesley Townsman supporting the local chapter of a ban-the-bomb organization, the Fellowship of Reconciliation, which had run a controversial ad in the New York Times.
During the height of the McCarthy witch hunting era, Rev. Rice ran for the position of library trustee of the town because he opposed the policies of a member who held the position. That member of the library trustees, a founding member of the John Birch Society, was also a member of this congregation and the scion from a one of the original Wellesley Unitarian families. The controversy split the congregation and was reported in the Townsman and the Boston newspapers. Even the New York Times sent a reporter who reported from Wellesley, “Birch Unit Aide Pitted Against Cleric in Vote.” Reverend Rice won the election.
It was during this time, shortly after the death of her husband, that Aurelia Plath and her daughter Sylvia joined the Society. Although Sylvia attended Sunday School and other activities, her mother became very active in the late 1940's serving for many years on the Religious Education committee. The future poet exhibited a love-hate relationship with both the Society and the faith throughout her life. Reverend Rice took an active part in counseling young Sylvia following her suicide attempt, but he is presented in a somewhat negative manner in her autobiographical novel, “The Bell Jar.” Sylvia did not attend church regularly, but she would often attend Unitarian churches and wrote to her mother from England, "I'd really be a church-goer if I was back in Wellesley. . . .the Unitarian Church is my church. How I miss it! There is just no choice here." Sylvia Plath committed suicide in 1963 but was awarded a Pulitzer Prize posthumously in 1983.
An early proposal for the 1960 addition – eyebrow windows and steeple are gone. As Dr. Rice led our congregation through unprecedented growth, he also continued to provide key leadership in denominational affairs. He had been a member of the AUA Board, since 1941, but in 1956 he was chosen to lead the Joint Merger Commission of the American Unitarian Association (AUA), and the Universalist Church of America (UCA). For four years he devoted much of his time to the merger, hammering out important details such as asset distributions, locations of offices, leadership and organizational structures, and even the name of the new organization. A forty-four page proposal was drafted and sent, along with a 139 page information manual, to all Unitarian and Universalist congregations. A plebiscite was held in 1956 and approximately 125,000 members voted for the merger while 17,000 voted against. While originally skeptical of the merger, Rice himself had come to advocate the consolidated UUA.
Raymond Hopkins, who served as secretary of the Merger Commission, observed that, "without Bill's reputation, leadership, commitment, and determination, consolidation never would have happened."
After the merger, in 1961, Rice ran for election as the first president of the newly merged Unitarian Universalist Association against his friend, Dana McLean Greeley, who had been president of the AUA. The two candidates had differing visions of the kind of leadership needed by the new denomination, but in a close election Greeley prevailed. Rice continued to serve the UUA in various positions, including chairing the UUA Commission on Religion and Race. He continued to serve his Wellesley Hills congregation until his death in 1970, but ironically, two separate organizations remained in Wellesley.
The merger in Wellesley Ironically, his home congregation did not officially adopt the Universalist nomenclature until 1990. The Community Universalist Church of Wellesley had been established in 1945. When the Universalist church dedicated its new sanctuary on Weston Road in 1950, the national Superintendent of the Universalist Church of America gave his charge to the congregation that even today many Unitarians might find too progressive and offensive. In an article from November 1950, “Universalist Church Dedicated at Impressive Service Last Sunday,” The Wellesley Townsman reported the address: “It is high time that the laymen and lay-women of America initiate within their churches and among their clergy a forthright campaign of rebellion and reform.... Christian theology is utterly archaic.... Mysticism violates the law of cause and effect, ritual and ceremony can be enemies of rational and ethical religion. There is dictatorship in religion as surely as there is dictatorship in government. Let intelligent Americans beware.” For a while the only U.U. church identified in the Wellesley Townsman weekly events calendar was the “Natick-Wellesley Community Church (Unitarian / Universalist).” while the Unitarian Society of Wellesley Hills, listed simply as “Unitarian.” The Community Universalist Church of Wellesley, later called the Natick Wellesley Community Church, provided a much more progressive alternative, perhaps too progressive, for the area, since it dwindled and ceased in 1970. During the Vietnam War the Wellesley Community Universalist Church took a radical and courageous stand and offered “religious sanctuary” to a draft resister. In an interview in 2010, John Nichols indicated that UUSWH in the 1970s could never had agreed to such a radical stand. It is little wonder that when the Community Universalist Church of Wellesley dwindled and disbanded in the early 1970s only a few members chose to affiliate with our society rather than the Framingham church. Reverend Rice died unexpectedly in 1970 at age 64, several months short of his planned retirement. He had helped lead, not only this congregation, but the whole UU movement, from the post WWII era, through the dark years of segregation, McCarthyism, the Cold War, and the Vietnam War, maintaining throughout that "the liberal church is the only church which can speak to our troubled age with courage and effectiveness.” In December, 1971, UUSWH called a minister who, like his predecessors, would be asked to dedicate himself to two masters, to both our local congregation and the wider needs of the UU faith. The Society called an activist minister from California who found his religious calling later in life. Robert E. Senghas had graduated from Harvard Law School and practiced law in San Francisco for five years before he found a new calling. Senghas, who also had been a Marine during the Korean War attended Starr King Theology School in Berkeley and served for seven years as the minister at the Unitarian church in Davis, California. Senghas had participated in civil rights marches in Selma, Alabama, and draft resistance activities in the 1960's. Unfortunately for UUSWH - but fortunately for the denomination - Senghas's valuable organizational and legal skills were requested at the UUA, and after only three years Senghas left UUSWH to become executive director of the UUA.
LONG TERM MINISTRY RETURNS Two interim ministers followed Reverend Senghas's abbreviated ministry, and it was clear the congregation was in need of a stable long-term leadership. Three ministers in six years had left the congregation in disarray and in need of a minister with strong leadership skills, one who could concentrate on congregational affairs, rebuild the Society and not be distracted with denomination issues. Although the general population of Wellesley had stabilized, the Society was experiencing a significant decline. Attendance at Sunday services had steadily decreased from an average of 176 ten years earlier, to just over a hundred in 1976. Sunday school registration, which had peaked at 425 in the 1960s, was down to about 120, with actual attendance about half of that. The Standing Committee called Reverend John Hay Nichols to minister this congregation in 1977. He would provide stable leadership and renewed vitality to the congregation for the next twenty-five years. Under Reverend Nichols' leadership the Society would see membership and attendance increase steadily. Within ten years membership would climb to 319 and attendance at Sunday services would average 144. In 1986, the church school could boast that with 129 registered students it was one of the 15 largest UU schools in the country. Although some growth was coming from the incorporation of the Wellesley Universalist Society into our ranks, there was a renewed vitality in the congregation. Although the population of the town had peaked years earlier, UUSWH continued to grow through the 1980's and by 1995 membership in UUSWH had grown to 335, registration at the church school was 166, and average attendance at Sunday services was 157. The Society, which had fully integrated both the Unitarian and Universalist societies in 1990, was in need of expanded school facilities and a general updating of the physical plant. A major capital campaign was initiated and $1.5 million was raised from 234 pledges. Land was purchased and a new entrance and parking area was created. The foyer between the buildings was upgraded, an elevator was installed, and the Sharp Room and Chapel were renovated. Our congregation participated in many of the programs sponsored by the UUA aimed to actively live the principles of our faith. We were an early participant in the UU Partner Church Council and in 1991 established contact with our partner church in Torocko, Romania. In 2000 we became one of the first congregations to qualify as a recognized “Welcoming Congregation,” meeting the requirements set by the UUA as welcoming bisexual, gay, lesbian, and/or transgender people to the congregation. In addition, UUSWH, largely through the efforts of R.E. Director Jack Lewis, was vital to the founding of WAGLY and OUT MetroWest. Mr. Lewis is currently the State Representative from Framingham, In 2012 we were awarded Green Sanctuary Accreditation, recognized for efforts to educate and achieve the UUA Seventh Principle, “Respect for the interdependent web of all existence.