Biomarkers of Heavy Drinking
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Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library
Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library Library Listing – 10,505 spectra This library is the original FT-IR spectral collection from Aldrich. It includes a wide variety of pure chemical compounds found in the Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals. The Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition I library contains spectra of 10,505 pure compounds and is a subset of the Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition II library. All spectra were acquired by Sigma-Aldrich Co. and were processed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. Eight smaller Aldrich Material Specific Sub-Libraries are also available. Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 3515 ((1R)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(+)-3- 928 (+)-LIMONENE OXIDE, 97%, BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC MIXTURE OF CIS AND TRANS ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 209 (+)-LONGIFOLENE, 98+% 1708 ((1R)-ENDO)-(+)-3- 2283 (+)-MURAMIC ACID HYDRATE, BROMOCAMPHOR, 98% 98% 3516 ((1S)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(-)-3- 2966 (+)-N,N'- BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC DIALLYLTARTARDIAMIDE, 99+% ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 2976 (+)-N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID, 644 ((1S)-ENDO)-(-)-BORNEOL, 99% 97% 9587 (+)-11ALPHA-HYDROXY-17ALPHA- 965 (+)-NOE-LACTOL DIMER, 99+% METHYLTESTOSTERONE 5127 (+)-P-BROMOTETRAMISOLE 9590 (+)-11ALPHA- OXALATE, 99% HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, 95% 661 (+)-P-MENTH-1-EN-9-OL, 97%, 9588 (+)-17-METHYLTESTOSTERONE, MIXTURE OF ISOMERS 99% 730 (+)-PERSEITOL 8681 (+)-2'-DEOXYURIDINE, 99+% 7913 (+)-PILOCARPINE 7591 (+)-2,3-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-2,3- HYDROCHLORIDE, 99% DIHYDROXY- 1,4- 5844 (+)-RUTIN HYDRATE, 95% BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)BUT 9571 (+)-STIGMASTANOL -
The 12-Month Prevalence and Trends in DSM–IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
The 12-Month Prevalence and Trends in DSM–IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence United States, 1991–1992 and 2001–2002 Bridget F. Grant, Ph.D., Ph.D.,a Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D.,a Frederick S. Stinson, Ph.D.,a S. Patricia Chou, Ph.D.,a Mary C. Dufour, M.D., M.P.H.,b Roger P. Pickering, M.S.a Background: Alcohol abuse and dependence can be disabling disorders, but accurate information is lacking on the prevalence of current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM–IV) alcohol abuse and dependence and how this has changed over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to present nationally representative data on the prevalence of 12-month DSM–IV alcohol abuse and dependence in 2001–2002 and, for the first time, to examine trends in alcohol abuse and dependence between 1991–1992 and 2001–2002. Methods: Prevalences and trends of alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States were derived from face-to-face interviews in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s (NIAAA) 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC: n = 43,093) and NIAAA’s 1991–1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES: n = 42,862). Results: Prevalences of DSM–IV alcohol abuse and dependence in 2001–2002 were 4.65 and 3.81 percent. Abuse and dependence were more common among males and among younger respondents. The prevalence of abuse was greater among Whites than among Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics. The prevalence of dependence was higher in Whites, Native Americans, and Hispanics than Asians. -
Naltrexone and Disulfiram in Patients with Alcohol Dependence and Comorbid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Ismene L
Naltrexone and Disulfiram in Patients with Alcohol Dependence and Comorbid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Ismene L. Petrakis, James Poling, Carolyn Levinson, Charla Nich, Kathleen Carroll, Elizabeth Ralevski, and Bruce Rounsaville Background: Although disulfiram and naltrexone have been approved by the Food and Drug Administrationfor the treatment of alcoholism, the effect of these medications on alcohol use outcomes and on psychiatric symptoms is still unknown in patients with co-occurring disorderspost-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). Methods: Patients (n = 254) with a major Axis I psychiatric disorderand comorbid alcohol dependence were treatedfor 12 weeks in a medication study at three Veterans Administration outpatient clinics. Randomization included (1) open randomization to disulfiram or no disulfiram; and (2) double-blind randomization to naltrexone or placebo. This resulted in four groups: (1) naltrexone alone; (2) placebo alone; (3) disulfiram and naltrexone; or (4) disulfiram and placebo. Outcomes were measures of alcohol use, PTSD symptoms, alcohol craving, GGT levels and adverse events. Results: 93 individuals (36.6%) met DSM-IV criteriafor PTSD. Subjects with PTSD had better alcohol outcomes with active medication (naltrexone, disulfiram or the combination) than they did on placebo; overallpsychiatric symptoms of PTSD improved. Individuals with PTSD were more likely to report some side effects when treated with the combination. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that disulfiram and naltrexone are effective and safe for individuals with PTSD and comorbid alcohol dependence. Key Words: Alcohol, disulfiram, dual diagnosis, naltrexone, Post PTSD symptoms in non-alcohol dependent individuals because of its mechanism of action on the opioid receptor. Two early Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) reports showed improvements in PTSD symptoms with naltrex one (Bills and Kreisler 1993) and the opioid antagonist nalmefene Naltrexone and disulfiram are two of only three medica (Glover 1993) in patients diagnosed with PTSD. -
Alcohol Awareness Month
April 2013 Auburn University Healthy Tigers Program Keith Norman, Pharm.D. Candidate 2013 Pharm Phacts: Alcohol Awareness Month Why is Alcohol Awareness Important? April is Alcohol Awareness “The Plains” can attest to the fact Special points of Month. This issue of Pharm that people of all ages enjoy alco- interest: Phacts will focus on alcoholism holic beverages at tailgates all over and responsible use of alcohol. campus. Even though binge drink- Alcohol is the most More than half of adults in North ing is usually associated with col- commonly used drug in North Amer- America drink alcohol regularly, lege students, around 70% of binge ica making alcohol the most com- drinking episodes occur in adults 1 1 monly used drug on the continent. above the normal college age. This is a publication of the Auburn Alcoholism is a dis- While many adults drink responsi- While the game day atmosphere in ease that affect University Pharmaceutical Care Center both physical and bly, irresponsible drinking can lead Auburn may be enjoyable for most mental health to long term health problems and fans, it is important to enjoy your- dangerous accidents. In 2005, self responsibly. Alcohol is involved have been linked with drinking there were over 1 million alcohol- in over 30% of traf- The fact is that regular excessive alcohol. Finally, excessive alcohol related hospitalizations in the fic deaths alcohol consumption can lead to is associated with neurological and United States alone. 1 Alcohol interacts health problems. Many types of cardiovascular disease. Inside this with many medica- Abuse of alcohol is a common cancer and liver disease are attrib- issue of Pharm Phacts, we will tions problem on college campuses utable to alcohol consumption. -
CPY Document
3. eHEMieAL eOMPOSITION OF ALeOHOLie BEVERAGES, ADDITIVES AND eONTAMINANTS 3.1 General aspects Ethanol and water are the main components of most alcoholIc beverages, although in some very sweet liqueurs the sugar content can be higher than the ethanol content. Ethanol (CAS Reg. No. 64-17-5) is present in alcoholic beverages as a consequence of the fermentation of carbohydrates with yeast. It can also be manufactured from ethylene obtained from cracked petroleum hydrocarbons. The a1coholic beverage industry has generally agreed not to use synthetic ethanol manufactured from ethylene for the production of alcoholic beverages, due to the presence of impurities. ln order to determine whether synthetic ethanol has been used to fortify products, the low 14C content of synthetic ethanol, as compared to fermentation ethanol produced from carbohydrates, can be used as a marker in control analyses (McWeeny & Bates, 1980). Some physical and chemical characteristics of anhydrous ethanol are as follows (Windholz, 1983): Description: Clear, colourless liquid Boilng-point: 78.5°C M elting-point: -114.1 °C Density: d¡O 0.789 It is widely used in the laboratory and in industry as a solvent for resins, fats and oils. It also finds use in the manufacture of denatured a1cohol, in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics (lotions, perfumes), as a chemica1 intermediate and as a fuel, either alone or in mixtures with gasolIne. Beer, wine and spirits also contain volatile and nonvolatile flavour compounds. Although the term 'volatile compound' is rather diffuse, most of the compounds that occur in alcoholIc beverages can be grouped according to whether they are distiled with a1cohol and steam, or not. -
Alcohol-Medication Interactions: the Acetaldehyde Syndrome
arm Ph ac f ov l o i a g n il r a n u c o e J Journal of Pharmacovigilance Borja-Oliveira, J Pharmacovigilance 2014, 2:5 ISSN: 2329-6887 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000145 Review Article Open Access Alcohol-Medication Interactions: The Acetaldehyde Syndrome Caroline R Borja-Oliveira* University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil *Corresponding author: Caroline R Borja-Oliveira, University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil, Tel: +55-11-30911027; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: August 21, 2014, Accepted date: September 11, 2014, Published date: September 20, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Borja-Oliveira CR. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Medications that inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase when coadministered with alcohol produce accumulation of acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde toxic effects are characterized by facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia and hypotension, symptoms known as acetaldehyde syndrome, disulfiram-like reactions or antabuse effects. Severe and even fatal outcomes are reported. Besides the aversive drugs used in alcohol dependence disulfiram and cyanamide (carbimide), several other pharmaceutical agents are known to produce alcohol intolerance, such as certain anti-infectives, as cephalosporins, nitroimidazoles and furazolidone, dermatological preparations, as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, as well as chlorpropamide and nilutamide. The reactions are also observed in some individuals after the simultaneous use of products containing alcohol and disulfiram-like reactions inducers. -
AN OPEN RANDOMIZED STUDY COMPARING DISULFIRAM and ACAMPROSATE in the TREATMENT of ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE AVINASH DE SOUSA* and ALAN DE SOUSA
Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 545–548, 2005 doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh187 Advance Access publication 25 July 2005 AN OPEN RANDOMIZED STUDY COMPARING DISULFIRAM AND ACAMPROSATE IN THE TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE AVINASH DE SOUSA* and ALAN DE SOUSA Get Well Clinic And Nursing Home, 33rd Road, Off Linking Road, Bandra, Mumbai 400050, Maharashtra State, India (Received 11 March 2005; first review notified 6 June 2005; in final revised form 21 June 2005; accepted 2 July 2005; advance access publication 25 July 2005) Abstract — Aims: To compare the efficacy of acamprosate (ACP) and disulfiram (DSF) for preventing alcoholic relapse in routine clinical practice. Methods: One hundred alcoholic men with family members who would encourage medication compliance and accom- pany them for follow-up were randomly allocated to 8 months of treatment with DSF or ACP. Weekly group psychotherapy was also available. The psychiatrist, patient, and family member were aware of the treatment prescribed. Alcohol consumption, craving, and adverse events were recorded weekly for 3 months and then fortnightly. Serum gamma glutamyl transferase was measured at the start Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/alcalc/article/40/6/545/125907 by guest on 27 September 2021 and the end of the study. Results: At the end of the trial, 93 patients were still in contact. Relapse (the consumption of >5 drinks/40 g of alcohol) occurred at a mean of 123 days with DSF compared to 71 days with ACP (P = 0.0001). Eighty-eight per cent of patients on DSF remained abstinent compared to 46% with ACP (P = 0.0002). -
Enhancing the Yields of Phenolic Compounds During Fermentation Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strain 96581
Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2014, 5, 2063-2070 Published Online November 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/fns http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2014.521218 Enhancing the Yields of Phenolic Compounds during Fermentation Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain 96581 Adam A. Banach, Beng Guat Ooi* Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA Email: *[email protected] Received 2 September 2014; revised 28 September 2014; accepted 15 October 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Phenylethanol, tyrosol, and tryptophol are phenolic compounds or fusel alcohols formed via the Ehrlich pathway by yeast metabolism. These compounds can yield health benefits as well as con- tribute to the flavors and aromas of fermented food and beverages. This research shows that Sac- charomyces cerevisiae Strain 96581 is capable of producing significantly higher levels of these three compounds when the precursor amino acids were supplemented into either the Chardonnay concentrate for wine-making or the malt concentrate for brewing English Ale. Strain 96581 can produce phenylethanol, tyrosol, and tryptophol as high as 434 mg/kg, 365 mg/kg, and 129 mg/kg, respectively, in the beer fermentation. The performance of Ale yeast WLP002 from White Labs Inc. was also analyzed for comparison. Strain 96581 outperformed WLP002 in the control beer, the amino acids supplemented beer, and the kiwi-beer background. This shows that Strain 96581 is more effective than WLP002 in converting the malt and the kiwi fruit supplements via its endo- genous enzymes. -
Prevention of Alcohol Abuse and Illicit Drug Use Annual Awareness and Prevention Program Notice to System Offices Employees
Prevention of Alcohol Abuse and Illicit Drug Use Annual Awareness and Prevention Program Notice to System Offices Employees Alcohol abuse and illicit drug use disrupt the work and learning environment and create an unsafe and unhealthy workplace. To protect its employees and students and fully serve the citizens of Texas, The Texas A&M University System prohibits alcohol abuse and illicit drug use. This brochure, which is distributed annually, serves as an awareness and prevention tool for System Offices employees by providing basic information about A&M System policy and regulations, legal sanctions and health risks related to alcohol abuse and illicit drug use. Information about counseling, treatment and rehabilitation programs is included. As an employee of The Texas A&M University System, motivation. Drug use by a pregnant woman may cause you must abide by state and federal laws on controlled additional health complications in her unborn child. substances, illicit drugs and use of alcohol. In addition, you must comply with A&M System policy, which states: A&M System Sanctions The Texas A&M University System (system) strictly The A&M System’s drug and alcohol abuse policy and prohibits the unlawful manufacture, distribution, regulation are included in the System Orientation course possession or use of illicit drugs or alcohol on reviewed by new employees as part of their orientation. system property, and/or while on official duty and/or The policy and regulation are posted online at as part of any system activities. http://policies.tamus.edu/34-02.pdf and http://policies.tamus.edu/34-02-01.pdf. -
The Hematological Complications of Alcoholism
The Hematological Complications of Alcoholism HAROLD S. BALLARD, M.D. Alcohol has numerous adverse effects on the various types of blood cells and their functions. For example, heavy alcohol consumption can cause generalized suppression of blood cell production and the production of structurally abnormal blood cell precursors that cannot mature into functional cells. Alcoholics frequently have defective red blood cells that are destroyed prematurely, possibly resulting in anemia. Alcohol also interferes with the production and function of white blood cells, especially those that defend the body against invading bacteria. Consequently, alcoholics frequently suffer from bacterial infections. Finally, alcohol adversely affects the platelets and other components of the blood-clotting system. Heavy alcohol consumption thus may increase the drinker’s risk of suffering a stroke. KEY WORDS: adverse drug effect; AODE (alcohol and other drug effects); blood function; cell growth and differentiation; erythrocytes; leukocytes; platelets; plasma proteins; bone marrow; anemia; blood coagulation; thrombocytopenia; fibrinolysis; macrophage; monocyte; stroke; bacterial disease; literature review eople who abuse alcohol1 are at both direct and indirect. The direct in the number and function of WBC’s risk for numerous alcohol-related consequences of excessive alcohol increases the drinker’s risk of serious Pmedical complications, includ- consumption include toxic effects on infection, and impaired platelet produc- ing those affecting the blood (i.e., the the bone marrow; the blood cell pre- tion and function interfere with blood cursors; and the mature red blood blood cells as well as proteins present clotting, leading to symptoms ranging in the blood plasma) and the bone cells (RBC’s), white blood cells from a simple nosebleed to bleeding in marrow, where the blood cells are (WBC’s), and platelets. -
If You Have Issues Viewing Or Accessing This File Contact Us at NCJRS.Gov
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. • \. ,-'-';'. ,-c·· -,- • JOHN ASHCROFT JOHN TWIEHAUS, DIRECTOR GOVERNOR DIVISION OF COMPREHENSIVE KEITH SCHAFER, Ed.l.l. PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES DIRECTOR GARY V. SLUYTER, Ph.D., M.P.H., DIRECTOR DIVISION OF MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LOIS OLSON, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF ALCOHOL AND STATE OF MISSOURI DRUG ABUSE DEPARTMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH 1915 SOUTHRIDGE DRIVE P.O. BOX 687 JEFFERSON CITY, MISSOURI 65102 (314) 751-4122 June 1988 Dear ARTOP Administrators, Professionals, and Instructors: The Missouri Legislature enacted a law in 1982 establishing educational programs for drinking and driving offenses. At that time the Governor mandated that the Department of Mental Health develop standards for the operation of Alcohol or Drug Related Traffic Offenders' Programs (ARTOPs). Based upon these standards, the original ARTOP Curriculum Guide was developed in 1984. The laws concerning drinking and driving have been changed twice since the original guide; once in 1984 with the addition of Administrative Revocation and again in 1987 with the "Abuse and Lose" law. The following is a second edition of the ARTOP Curriculum Guide. This Guide was developed in consultation with a task force of the largest ARTOP providers and reflects changes in statutes, program standards, and knowledge gained since the first edition in 1984. The choice of binding was made to facilitate easy insertion of additional material or any future revisions that may be made. The Division hopes that this Curriculum Guide will prove to be an easy document to use and welcomes your suggestions. Sincerely, 8D~~ Lois Olson LO:DTP:ldh , "':.-'., ./ An Eoual Opportunity Employer - A Non-Discriminatory Service 102749 U.S. -
Alcohol Abuse and Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress
Journal of Anesthesia & Critical Care: Open Access Review Article Open Access Alcohol abuse and acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome Introduction Volume 10 Issue 6 - 2018 Alcohol is one of the most commonly used and abused beverage Fadhil Kadhum Zwer Aliqa worldwide. Alcohol is known to have numerous systemic health Private clinic practice, Iraq effects, including on the liver and central nervous system. From a respiratory standpoint, alcohol abuse has long been associated with Correspondence: Fadhil Kadhum Zwer Aliqaby, Private clinic practice, Iraq, Email an increased risk of pneumonia. More recently, alcohol abuse has been strongly linked in epidemiologic studies to development of Received: December 11, 2017 | Published: November 28, ARDS in at-risk patients. The first demonstration of an association 2018 between chronic alcohol abuse and ARDS was made by Moss et al, who retrospectively examined 351 patients at risk for ARDS.1 In this subsequent decreased phagocytosis and bacterial killing. Chronic cohort, 43% of patients who chronically abused alcohol developed alcohol use is similarly associated with altered neutrophil function and ARDS compared to only 22% of those who did not abuse alcohol, decreased superoxide production. Interestingly, chronic alcohol use with the effect most pronounced in patients with sepsis. This study decreases levels of granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor was limited by its retrospective design, particularly since this design (GM-CSF) receptor and signaling in lung epithelium, which has been required that alcohol use history be obtained by chart review and shown to result in defective alveolar macrophage maturation. The documented history; furthermore, this study did not adjust for net effect of these abnormalities is an increased pulmonary bacterial concomitant cigarette smoking.