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The Birds of Africa, Comprising All the Species Which Occur in The

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The Birds of Africa, Comprising All the Species Which Occur in The miii ii m 1 (1 ^ilHii : THE BIRDS OF AFRICA/ COMPEISINa ALL THE SPECIES WHICH OCCUE IN HIE ETHIOPIAN REGION. .<^^\- G. E. SHELLEY, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., &c. (late grenadier guards), author of * a handbook to the birds of egypt,' ' monograph of the sun-birds,' etc. VOL. I. LIST. LONDON PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY 11. H. rORTEll, 18 PIIINCES STllEET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W. 1896. i rniNTF.n by tayloe ani> fiiancis, RED LION COUKT, FLEKT STREET. ^' MAYS 1957 m- nris. TO MY WIFE. "Over Earth and Ocean, with gentle motion. This Pilot is guiding jie."—Skelky. INTRODUCTION. It is nearly tliii-ty years since I began the special study of African birds. During my second visit to Egypt in 1870, I procured a fine series of a beautiful little Sun-bii'd, the first truly Ethiopian species I had yet shot; and two years after went, in company with my friend Mr. T. E. Buckley, on a visit to the late Governor Ussher at Cape Coast Castle, where we succeeded in making a fine collection near that town, Accra, and in the Aguapim Mountains. I next visited the Cape and Natal, and was greatly assisted in the latter place by Mr. T. L. Ayrcs, son of Mr. Thomas Ayres, who has contributed so many interesting articles to ' The Ibis,' and who accompanied my Mend the late Mr. J. S. Jameson in his, last successful, journey in Africa, through Mashonaland. I soon found that there was an immense amount of work to be done with regard to African ornithology, as but little was really known concerning the avifauna, which includes many birds of unrivalled plumage. Africa may fairly claim to be the metropolis of the Song-birds, is of a large for the bush resounds with their melody ; it the winter home proportion of our most attractive small birds, such as the Nightingale and the many Warblers which enliven our English gardens and surrounding country in summer, as well as the Swallow, our well-known harbinger of spring. The ornithology of Africa is by no means exhausted, and we are daily extending our knowledge of the Ethiopian Region, and only just beginning to appreciate the vastness of its treasures. There must remain many fine birds yet to be discovered, for within the last few weeks two very remark- able species have come to light: one, a Koller belonging to an entirely yi IXTltUDL'CTlUN. new genus, is now iu the Tring Museum, and has been described as Uratelornis chimcera by the Hon. Walter Rothschild iu his ' Novitates Mr. Hartert for Zoologicae,' Dec. 1895 ; and I may here thank him and having given me particulars of this fine novelty in time for publication in the present volume. The other new species referred to is a splendid Oriole sent home by my friend Sir H. H. Johnston, K.C.B., H.B.M. Commissioner of Nyasaland, who has added considerably, iu recent years, to our knowledge of both the fauna and flora of this liitherto unexplored country. This bird has been named Oriolus chlorocejj/ialus, after one ' of its many striking characters, and will be figured iu The Ibis ' for April 189G. The present work, which I shall call the " Birds of Africa," will, I hope, consist of a series of handy volumes complete in themselves. Thus the first will comprise a list of all the species known to occur in the Ethiopian Region, up to the time of publication, with a reference to a good figure and to the page and volume of the Catalogue of the British Museum where the species is mentioned, while their geographical distribution will be indicated by the initial letters of the subregions in which they are known to occur. This volume may in fact be called a " Nomenclator Avium ^thiopicarum." Vol. II. will be devoted to the classificatio n and diagnosis of all the species, and, I trust, will be an acceptable work to the Field Naturalist, for whom many of the notes will be specially intended. The preparation of this volume has involved the adoption of a classification in some few details differing from those of my predecessors ; but it may be hoped that Vol. II. will fully explain my reasons for following the order adopted in this first volume. The Ethiopian Region, as I understand it, comprises Africa and the surrounding seas south of the Tropic of Cancer, including the islands of Cape Verde and St. Helena in the Atlantic, Crozet and Marion Islands in the Southern Ocean, and eastward as far as Rodriguez Island in 65° E. long., including Madagascar, the Seychelles Archipelago, the island of Socotra, and the whole of the Red Sea. Those countries bordering on the Mediterranean and eastward of the Red Sea are considered as not belonging to the Ethiopian Region. ————— INTRODUCTION. vii The avifauna of Egypt north of the 1st Cataract comprises only four truly Ethiopian species : Centropns senegalensis, JRhynchops flavi- ventris, Charadrius jJ^ctiariiis, and (Fdicnemus senegalensis ; while a fairly large proportion of the true Paloearctic species are found there, such as the Chaflfinch, Goldfinch, Linnet, Blackbird, Robin, Starling, Rook, Grey Crow, Merlin, Goshawk, Golden Plover, &c. In such a compact continent as Africa we cannot expect to find very sharply-defined geographical districts for the avifauna— forests, deserts, plains, and mountains much affect the rainfixll and consequently the climate ; otherwise there are no special obstacles to prevent a wide distribution of the species, except the sea. Five subregions will be recognized, limited by lines of latitude and longitude, instead of trying to follow more closely the somewhat imaginary outlines of these areas. 25° W. West Afeica : consisting of Tropical Africa west of E. long., and southwards to the Quanza River, in about 10° S. lat. 10° S. South Africa : south of S. lat. and from 50° W. long, to 41° E. long. ; this includes the African continent south of the Quanza and Rovuma Rivers, St. Helena on the west, but not the Comoro Islands on the east, and may include in the Southern Ocean the Crozet and Marion Islands, which are north of 50° S. lat. 25"" E. East Africa : Tropical Africa, east of E. long, and between 10° S. lat. and 1° N. lat., including the Victoria Nyanza, but not the Nile. N.E. North-east Africa : Tropical Africa and the Red Sea, east of 25° E. long., north of 1° N. lat., including tlie whole of the Nile water-shed north to Asuan. 41° M. Madagascar : the island region between and 65° E. long., from the Equator to 25° S. lat. Before concluding the present remarks, I must express my thanks to the many naturalists who have assisted me. In the first place, I ;iiu most indebted to the British Museum, and to the many contributors to the ' Catalogue ' of the birds. This Catalogue was first started by my viii INTEODUCTION. old friend Dr. E. Bowdler Sharpc, who completed the first volume in 1874. The fifth volume was written by the late Mr. Seebohm and the eighteenth by the late Mr. Hargitt—two names which can never be forgotten by ornithologists. In the other volumes, Mr. P. L. Sclater, Mr. Ogilvie Grant, Count Salvadori, Mr. Howard Saunders, and Mr. Osbcrt Salvin have all taken part, and have my best thanks for the valuable assistance they have rendered me in the present undertaking. With regard to friends abroad, I cannot forget the kindness shown to me, in my earlier collecting days, by Professor Barboza du Bocage and Dr. Ilartlaub, a7rd the trouble Dr. Cabanis and Dr. Reichenow took in assisting me when I visited the Natural History Museum in Berlin, specially to study the East African birds collected by the great German travellers Dr. Fischer and Dr. Bohm. To M. Oustalet my thanks are due for his amiability to me when I visited the Museum of the Jardin des Plantcs in Paris, to examine many of the types of the old French naturalists. G. E. SHELLEY. Feb. 2, 1896. LIST. Order I. PASSEE.ES. Suborder I. OLIGOMYOD^. Family I. PITTID.F:. Genus I. PITTA. Type. Pitta, Vieill. Analyse, p. 42 (1816) P. brachyura. 1. ang-olensis, Vieill. N. Did. iv. p. 356 (1816). W. Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pi. 5 (1862) ; Cat. xiv. p. 422 (1888). Family II. PHILEPITTID^. Genus I. PHILEPITTA. Type. Philepitta, Geoffr. St.-Hilaire, Mag. Zool. 1839, pi. 3 . P. jala. •2. jala {Boilcl), Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 31 (1783). M. pis. Cat. xiv. Milne-Edw. & Grand. Hist. Mad., Ois. p. 296, 109 $ , 110 J (1879); p. 410. 3. schleg-eli, Schl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 422. M. pis. Cut. xiv. 411. Milne-Edw. & Grand. Hist. Mad., Ois. p. 3U2, 109 ? , Hid (1879); i). Suborder II. OSCINES. Family I. NECTAllINIIDiE. Subfamily I. NEODREPANINiE. Genus I. NEODREPANIS. Type. Neodrepanis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 76 N. coruscaus. 4. coruscans, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 76. M. Shelley, Mon. Nect. p. 1, pi. 1 (1S7G); Cat. ix. p. 2 (1884). [October ]895.] b 2 NECTAllINIID^. Subfamily II. NECTARINIIN^. Genus I. HEDYDIPNA. Type. Hedydipna, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 101 (1850) H. metallica. Platydipna, Cab. I. c H. platura. — 5. metallica {Licht.), Verz. Dmbl. p. 15 (1823). W., N.E. 8heUey, Mon. Nect. p. 3, pi. 2 (1878); Cat. ix. p.^. ? 6. platura {VieilL), N. Diet. xxxi. p. 501 (1819). W., N.E. SheUey, Mon. Nect. p. 7, pi. 3 (1879) ; Cat. ix. p. 10. Genus II. NECTARINIA. Ti/pe. Nectarinia, ///. Prodr. p. 210 (1811) N. famosa. Panseola, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 101 (1850) N. pulchella. Drepanorhynchus, ReicAew.
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