TEXAS COAST TAMU-G-86-005 C2 HU R R I CANES

LOAN COPY ONI Y

TEXAS A8cM SEA GRANT VRRA5 SRA OILAIIV COLLROR IaleOOIIAal TheTexas Astyt University Sea Grant College Program is a partnershipof unlversittt governmentand industry,focusing on marine~, educationand ftthdsory seNce. NadonaltttSea Grant began in f966with tha passage of the Sea Grant Progwn and CollegeAcL patternedafter the LandGrant Act of the f860s,the Sea Grant ~ is a practical,broad-based scientific effort to betterthe weld tor all thoseliving In and out of thesea, ADSIHIISTIIATIOIe TexasAKM University's$3,5 million Sea Grant College Program is directedby a team of ableadminlstralors. Dr. Thomas Bright, a professorof oceanography,serves as directorof theoverall ma~ teamwith an emphasisin theguiding research activities,Addilonal members of the programmanagement staff are Dr. Lauriston King, dapufydirector; Willis Bitt! Clark,associate director; J. AllenMartin, fiscal officer/as- sistantto thedirector; Dorm Ward, Marine Advisory Service Program Coordinator, Amy Broussard,head of the MarineInformation Service and Robert James, Marine EducabonProc~am Coordinatot aeAIIINR IIRSRAIICII Fromlaying the seeds tor a newshrimp farming irxlustry in Texasto trackingresponse to killerhurricanes roar'mg out of theGulf of Mexico,Texas Sea Grani strives to tocem knowledgeacross a bmadspectrum ot marine-relatedfields. Indeed, research is the largestof TexasSea Grant's components, accounting for approximateiy40 percentof theannual budget. The research pmgram areas include fisheries, engineer- ing, markxtttureand coastat environment. Research granh. which are awarded on a competitiveand peer-review basis, are the foundation for thefuture oi our coast. asAIIIIIR AOVISOIIv SRIIvICS Administeredbythe Texas Agricultural Extension Service and supported byTexas Ssa Grantand the county commissioners' courts in ninecoastal communiles, the Marine AdvisoryService is a centerpiecein an eltortto get informationto usergroups here in thesta% Against this background,marine research that ripplesthrough lhe academic communityis transmittedto thegeneral public. Whettxx it's thmughworkshops, publicationsor just one-on~ downon the docks,the goal is to helppeople deal moreeffectively with themarine erwironment without harming il. neAIIIIIR ROIICATlCHl Thephilosophy behind the SeaGrant marine education pmgram al TexasAM is to developawaamesa and understanding of the ocean'splace in our environmentand its fluence on our hves,and to fosterwise use ot the ocatmand its inhabitantstoday ml in thefuture. Thee me no «geor subjectboundaries. Marine education is avaitabtefor al studerrb~-school gtroughadult and at al levelsot leammg 4rom fdghty teshntoaf Sotenttfto studies tO Saa-related muaiC and ttteralvretu safetypctcttces, VNQ S ~ II}eA'HISITY ln f968 TexasA&M Untvendtywaived the distinctionof teng namedamong the nation'sfirst six instihaat awld recipients.Three years hier the schoolwas deagnateda SaaGrant Cottage. The university has a nchheritage ot oceanography ~ dating backto f949 whenthe program began. In additionthere is an on-goingprogram to getmarine intern@ion to the public. Sea Grant is a matching fundsprogram. The Texas AfkM Sea Grant Cottage Pmgram itself is madepossibte throughan tnsdtutionataward tmm the NationalDcsanic and Atmospheric Arkrunistra- tion, U.S.Deparlment of Commema,and appropdations hom the TexasLegislature and localgovernments.

Cepyrtght@ 1gggbjr ~ J4frINUnttfereitjf Sea GrantCojtege Progrant.Iteprednetfon jn partor whoteef the contentswjthont wltttenperlntsshN ef tfte peNatttftrie prohfNett.

Desigftby Normaft Martjft. Edjtgrs: Amy BfDttssafd aftd Norman Martin. ~ FORTHE RECORD

g aria,Beulah. Allen. Aficia, They may not sound like killers, but they are. Theyare hurricanes that have caused death and costly destruction along the Texascoast. For newcomersto Texas,however, these names and the memoryof theirdevastation can have little meaning.Indeed, the ~isks to life andproperty from these storms have probably increased because many new settlersin coastalcounties have had no personalexperience with the energy lockedup in thesestorms or with theiroffspring, floods, lightning storms and tornadoes. Thispublication is designedto reducethe risks from severe coastal storms and hurricanesby describng whatthey are, how they work, the reasonswhy they can beso destructive,and the steps that individuals can take to protectthemselves, theirfamilies and their property, It includesstep-by-step instructions In both Englishand Spanish! for hurricanepreparation and evacuation plans, tracking charts,suggestions for recoveryafter a storm,and lists of additionalpublications on hurricanes and hurricane awareness. TEXASCOAST HURRICANES is based on currentscientific knowledge de- velopedby TexasABM Universityand government researchers. Its widespread distributionhas been assisted by contributionsfrom Celanese Eng neering Resins, lnc,,Mobil Chemical Company, Exxon Pipeline Company, Entex Corporation, and SoltexPolymer Corporation. THE HURRICANE

n Sept.7, 1900, Galves onv as a many place~. For instance, thc best estimates elec ricity could pov cr thc cntirc cstorm surge, HURRICANE 8AItfiKS hurricanefalls as the lower layerof air in "Nine out of 10 people who die in a the cote first becomesunusually warm and hurricanedrown in the storm surge,"Frank urricanesand tropical storms of the moist as it absorbs heat and water from the says. "Now this is a dome of saltwater Atlantic, Caribbean and G ulf of M exico underlying ocean, maybe50 mileswide that sweepsacross the have been identifiedby personal Buoyancyof the warm, humid air causes coastline,near the point wherethe centerof names since 1953 with names revised every risingcurrents in the core.The surrounding the eye makes landfall. six years by the World MeteorologicalOrgani- air then beginsto move toward the storm "On top of thatdome you have wind- zation. The names have an iriternational centerto replacethe risingair and in its turn waves; 5- and 10-foot waves come crashing flavor. since hurncanesare trackedby the to be heated and moistened. The earth' s into shore." Basically,the storm surge is a public and by weatherservices of other coun- rotationcauses the inwardmoving air to moundof waterpartly created by the low tries as well as the United States. When a spiralaround the low, counterclockwisein pressurein the eye of a hurricane.The final disturbance intensifies into tropical storm the northern hemisphere. water level, though, varys accordingto three status, the Ktationai Hurncane Center gives it "Apparently,i takes a specialcombination main factors. a name from the current list. The fof lowing of a number of different events for the trop- Tides, which are a factor of the gravita- nameswill be used for hurricanesand tropic- ical storm or the hurricane to form," Frank tional effect of the moon, earth and sun, al storms in the Atlantic Caribbean and Gulf says.That precisereceipe of winds, douds, play a role. Some placeshave huge dif- ot Mexico from f986 through f991. In the andtemperatures is only reachedoccasion- ferencesin height betweenhigh and low event of an extremely damaging hurncane, ally. tide, that name is retired permanently and a new Once the hurricanedevelops, the most The shapeof the oceanbottom is another name is substituted. uniqueand easy-to-identifyfeature of a hur- factor. Deep water near the coast means a 1988 ricaneis the eye. It's an areaof almost no smallersurge, perhaps4 feet insteadof 10 1986 1987 Arienc i"dberto rain, light winds and few clouds all fea- feet. Shallow water would cause a much And ev Bonine !Brut Beryl turesresulting from sinking air. It usually highersurge, perhaps up to 16 feet. The Chris rangesfrom 5 to 30 miles across.The lowest thirdfactor is the shapeof the coastline. Chaley C!'dy Oe.nis Oebbv surfaceair pressuresare found here, Sur- The surges of the 1900 Galveston hur- Oa!iie e Farl Frniiv $ niesio roundingthe eye is the eye wall, a towering ricane put the island completelyunder water. Fra!'Ces Florence cylinder of clouds eight to 10 miles high. Seawalls and strongly constructedbuildings lloyd Gerl Gilbert The air is risingrapidly and the heaviestrain offer someprotection, but they are not inde- Georges Hemine Harvey Helene andstrongest winds are found here, Much of structible. The only sure way to avoid dam- ivan irene Isaac a hurricane'senergy is concentratedin the agefrom a storm surge is not to build in Jeanne Josr: Joan eye wall. low-lyingcoastal areas, Since mostof the Kat.ina Keith Awayfrom the centerof the hurricaneis a Texas coastal lands are below 20-feet Mean Karl I epi;y l es»e spiral of clouds. Underthe clouds, spiral Sea Level, much of the coastal area is sus- t.,sa fvlitch Marcia Michael bandsof heavyrain and strong wind gusts ceptibleto storm surge damage, Nati Radiac can causeshort blasts stormy weatherhun- Nicoie Otto Opneua Oscar dredsof milesfrom the eye, The entire area Wind And Rain Paula Philippe Pa!ly effecteddirectly by a hurricaneis oftensev- After the storm surge, wind is the second Richard Ri!a Rafael eral hundred miles across, with the area of most dangerousaspect of the hurricane. Shary Star Sandy maximum destructionabout 50 miles wide, Buildings thatmight survive 100 mph winds Tonias Tai rlIriy Tony Satellitepictures haveshown that, though canbe blownaway at 200 mph. Eachdou- Vince Vale;ie there are many similarities, no two hur- Viiginle blingof the wind speedincreases the force yyatter yyilma Wuliarn ricanesare alike, Some are much bigger of destructionfour times, so the destructive than others, someproduce more rain, some forceof a 200 mph wind is 100 times 1989 'f998 1991 have bigger eyes, and somehave their spiral greaterthan the force of 20 mph wind. Allison Arthu' Ana bands concentratedon one side, Few hur- Another hurricanedanger is tornadoes. Baq' Be,iha Bob ricanesare symmetric. The twisters tend to form just ahead of Chanlai Cesa» Ciaiidehe hurricane landfall, but are weaker and don't Dean. Oiana Barmy Scale Of Power lastas long as midwesterntornadoes, Xur- Frin Fdriuard Elena There are differences in intensity, too. ricane Beulah in 1967, with 115 tornadoes Felix Fran Fabian Hurricanesare measuted on the Saffir Simp- 67 in one day set a nationalrecord. Gabrieiie Gl'stave Gloria sonScale, which ranges from "I" to "5," A Once a hurricane makes landfall, its ener- Hugo HcrlenSe Henri "I" is a minimalhurricane with highest gy sourceis gone.The warm waterfeeding tris lsido re Isabel windsbarely 74 mph. A "5" has windsof the giantisn't thereanymore and the storm Jerry Josephine Juan mote than 155 mph. loses its structure. However, the total rainfall Karen Klaus Kate But even the wind of a category "5" doesn'tdrop. It often rises,Xurricanes I uls t i I I Larry hurricaneis not the mostdangerous aspect of sometimesproduce large amounts of rainfall, Marilyn Marcos iM;ndy thestorm. The biggestthreat is water, lt's and the resulting flooding causeswidespread xfoet liana Nicnoias difficult to believe that somethingas calm as damagefar from thecoast. In addition,rain- Opal Omai Odette the Gulf can turn into a killer, but water is fall will vary tremendouslyfrom one hur- Pabio Paioma Peler extremelyheavy. A cubic yard weighs al- ricane to another. There is no close correla- Roxanne ftene Rose mosta ton,Imagine winds pushing that ton tion between rainfall rate and wind speed. Sebastien Sa'ly Sa!rl of water along at a rapid rate, Multiple that Some weak storms have produced the tanya Teddy Teresa by themillons of cubic yardsof waterand heaviestrains. For example,tropical storm Van Vicky Victor youhave awesome power power packed Claudettein July 1979dropped 3,5 feet of tlendy VVilfred yyanda rain in 24 hours on Alvin, Tex., a small community southwest of Houston, ln con- trast, some hurricanes produce almiist no r'ain . It's hard to measure hurricane rain because it blows sideways and often misses rain gauges.Even so, rains up to 30 incheshave been measured, resulting in disasterous flooding. Agnes was a minimal hurricane when it hit Florida in l972. It then weakened even more, but stalled over Penn- sylvania and New York, dumping some 20 inches of rain. Thc resulting floods caused I22 deaths and bilhons of dollars in damage.

Shoreline Krosion Another hurricane-related problem occurs when a hurricane hits a coastline. Erosion at the beach sometimes moves the shiireline several hundred feet. When a hurricane cros- ses offshore barrier islands, the pov crful currents can cut channels completely through an island. Hurricane Allen cut through South Padre island in 69 places. In 1983 Alicia eroded more than 100 feet of shoreline on Galveston Island in a single day, says Dr. Biib Benton, a TexasARM University civil engineer.On the island, and in fact on much of thc Gulf coast, shoreline erosionoccurs primarily becauseof hur- ricanesand tropical storms, hc says. The Texas coast has been mapped showing ero- sion zones and washovcr channels. The in- formation is public, but many existing home and condominium owners frequently arc not aware of these natural hazards. Meanwhile. there are many problemsin trying to evacuatehighly populatedcoastal areas. Often thcrc arc few evacuations routes, some with only two traffic lanes. Many of theseroutes are only a few fee above sea level. This means they can be flooded by rising waters hiiurs before land- fall. And with high winds, heavy rain and a hasty cvacuatiiin. accidentsare inevitable, slowing the process even morc. Hurricane Watch The National Hurricane Center in Miami is responsiblefor tracking and forecasting Atlantic hurricanes. They have three main tools for tracking the storm. Satellitestake pictures every 30 minutes, showing how the storm is miiving, in addi- ion to helping provide estimateson how When hurricane center officials feel that a ing doescome, it implies an urgent needfor strong it is, and on how much rain it might certain area is thrcatcned, a "hurricane action. produce.As a hurricanegets closer thurricane Fred- of once every five years.Occasionally, stateofficials in hurricane-proneareas have eric was movingslowly through the Carib- though,this hypotheticalstretch of coastline alreadyprepared detailed hurricane emer- bean,finally makinglandfall at Dauphin has been known to suffer from two hur- geacyprocedures. Aad local newspapers,as Island,Alaon Sept, 13, 1979, Five deaths ricanes in the same year, Hurricanes have H ereisa table givingtheIota!by month of hurricanes ar tropiCal Stramathat~rOsSed the TexaS COaSt. rrjOved intO Texaafram MexiCO Or! 0uiSiana,Or affeCted the TeXaSCaaSt aS they PaSSedthrOugh the Gulf Of VeXICO.The PeriOdCOvered 135 yearS beIWeen 1S71 auld3985. The numbermay be interPretaaaS the aPPr0XimatePerCent Prabability that SOmePart af TeXaS@auld be affeCIadby a troPiCaI CyClaneifi 8 giVenmOnth. TeXaS haS abOut a 43 PerCent{50 GLIIof 115yearS! OI 00t beingaffeCted by a hurriCaneor trOPICaIStare during any given year. NOtethat 00 trOpjca!cyclone has affectedTexas during the months of DecemberthrOugh May, at least since i871.

HURRICANE CHANCES Sept,

Hurricane 13 TropicalStow

Htlrrica~e came close 2 Tropica!Storm carne close

NumberDf years without a tropical storm ar hurricane 50 beenobserved along all coa~tsfahout >O'N on tire eastern coast~ and s<>u hof about 3'"Isf on thc Pa»if'ic coasts. Basically, Thompsrnheat rclcascddur- ing condensatif he water vapor in the warm near-surfaceair of thc tropical regions, these disturbances can increase in dimension. speedand intensity,even ually becomingful- ly dcvclopedhurricanes under thc proper conditiiles inland. Fye Of The Hurricane A he center of all this devastation is th» eye of the hurricane. Thc cyc corresponds t<> the low prcssure ccntcr ot thc storm. "Its oi' hot, and humid. That calm sccnc quickly changes on the outer cdgc of thc near-circular»ye, 1h<>mp- son says. There I' thc ring varies fr<>ma I'ew miles o a few tens <>fmiles, again averaging near 10 miles. direction in the southern hemisphcrc, the storm center. 'I'he actual value depends in part on thc Thompsonsays. A the sametime. there is a Spiral Rain Bands intensity and size of the hurricane. I'he wind distinct inflow of thc moist, warm air near speeddrops more or less regularly to below the surfaceto rcplacc thc air rising upward Thc winds near the surf ice decrease out- hurricane strength near the outer edge of this in thc wall cloud Band~ ot heavy thunder- ward trorii the inner edge of thc spiral rain ring. Very low-based and thick clouds and storm cloud~ tend i> form along thc wind hand area, dropping to perhaps 20 ro 30 mph torrential rains arc characteristic of the ring. flow lines; hese bands spiral inward and on thc outcr cdgc of thc area Fvcn so. h» The inner crlgc of thc deep cloud mass or merge with he v all cloud. says, there rnav hc some l<>cally strong "wall cloud" forms the edge of he relative- Smaller cumulus clouds and tragmen ed minds reaching speeds near 74 niph associ- ly clear, howl-shaped or funnel-shaped cyc layer clouds developbetween hand~ in thc i< ed with he liunderstorms of thc spiral rain of he s orm. Merging with thc outcr cdgc of' lower par ot thc atmosphere.In thc layers hands. the wall cloud and high-energy area is the hetween about eight mile~ and 12 miles lhe outcr edge of rhc spiral rain hand area spiral rain band area. ahove thc surface, the air is tlov,ing outward mcrgcsgrat the Thc air in the spiral rain band area rotates from thc wall cloud. This outward-flowing storm. Thompson says he diameter of thc counterclockwise about thc storm ccntcr in air is ~aturated and contain~ ex cnsive layer outer ring or fringe of thc hurricane depends he nor hem heinisphcrcand in the opposite clouds, which cxtcnd hundreds of mdcs I'rom mos ly on the size and intensity of thc other oastalFlood Watch; An alertthat signiti- cantwind-torce ffooding is to be expected along low-lying coastalareas if weather patternsdevelop as fofecast COaStalFlOOd Warning: A warningthat Signific- antl wind-tcced f!bolting is imrnineritaiong a ' 4!j. low-lying coasla!areas. Eye;The relet,ve calm area;n tlie cen!erol a storm Nods arelight in rhisarea and the sky ofteniS orly pantycove~ed by clouds. Gale Warning:A warningof s.sfair:edwinds withinthe;ange of 39 lo 54 mph4 to 4i knotsj. Landfall: one position at a seacoastv herelhe CenterOf a hlirri;onepaSSeS fram Sea !O land. LocalStatement: A publ.creiease prepared tiy a WeatherServi e Otf.oein o; liear a threatenedarea qivenSpeCif;c deta IS 'O prdteC!I,tc aridprOperty ir: theoffice's area of esponsibilily' Hurricane:A uopicatcyrione witli sustained ends of i4 mpho. giealer HurricaneAdvisories: Messages iss'ed by the NationalHurricane Center in M:ami which sum- ma;izeat! coaStalwamingS that are in efte!;I, inC!uding"uri',Cane wa'Cl.ea In add lien tO a de- scrip:'loiiol !iie stolni, lls position. anticipated rroveme..f and prospective threat are given HurriCaneWatCh: The firSt alen wher a hur- nca!ieposes a possihle,bi,l as yetuncertain, threat lo a certaincoasta! aiea. Small crah advisoriesare :SSf,edaS pari Ot a hu:"ieaiiewal. h advisO'y HurrioaneWarning: .'uenoe I'iai vi»hi 24 hOurS Oi te".'!3 spe'-"hedCnaS',a' an%a may bP Sub!eC'.,O

darqcro.s, igh watei 'r a cor.b natic-of oanger OuSiyn, gl'i wa!I,' and !'xcepIIO".a!V "i"iih waves ever!",Ouql! expecfee,vndS . iav be .PSSIha" nu'i'carin frise Severe Thunderstorm Watch: inri Palestnat C«'fd:!oris,'P; 9'l f n: q "Ir;ne i'aciag ng w!niilS on>ii'oiIfiac iB rnpi' "..".i ai Q nr i'pavv iaii'i D SevereThunderstorm Warning: Ino.carestnai 8 ,veP iliu ', Y'St "ii'S naVNational Weather Service. Tcxa« time," Ruch explains, "thcrc could be near- Departmentof Highways and Public Trans- area. ly 200,000vehicles on thc roadsat once. portation,'I'exas Department of PublicSafe- "The roads can't handle that many vehi- ty, and The AmericanRed Cross. Evacuation Studies cles at a given time," he says. "You haveto Planning Tools '"I'here arc «till problem«with thi«c«ti- know which peopleto get out fir«t, and which W!!! ';!! 'i'!lff!f] ration and monitoring. prjmarily from the upper Texascoast that If'll I ix! ' l ! i!It! «,, ntj,'< ji.ix I x» 't "There basically is just one evacuation didn't even get a brief ihowcr in some areas. route from Galveston,the causewayto thc There werc nuntcrous complaints from those i!tain]and," Ruch iays. "This means we who lcl't nccdlcssly in their opinioni but must determinewhen the causewaywill be local officials can rely only on possibilitie~. blockedby storm conditions, Flooding isn't There is very little certainty about hurricanes the primary prob]cm here. Sixty-five mph you can only preparefor what could possibly wind gusts will shut thc causewaydown happen, Thc kcy is to make the decision ol long before flooding becomesa factor." least regret. Wind gusts will reach 65 mph in Galves- Each evacuation study is being followed 0 bl~t jI d!!! Y ! I R' a I: » xte t.cf a< I: 0:': ton 17.5 hours before landfall with this hy- by a vulnerability analysis. which uses data ;if]UUlU 00;:IJI. 'v'Vfijff! it:.8 «;3< flhfjl'il; pothetical hurrican, so Ruch adds this time from thc simu]atcd hurricane runs to indicate I IOtl 'lt il"' "I< j !

then, it is too late. When a storm is heading SEFONE A HUNNICANE arise. to shore, insurance offices are tbusy pre- THNEATEIw to respond to individual requests, and in»ur- Level points and flooding history of your route. ance cannot be obtained. This information is available from local Check the number of hours it rx>uld take you WHEI4 A WATCH IS ISSUEEut EmergencyManagement ot'ficials. Yournear- to evacuateto a safe area during peak cvacu- est Weather Station office can supply ati<>ntraffic. Make Plans Early flood-stagedata for areastreams and bayo<>». Listen Constantly to Radio or 'I'V Inventory Your Property I.earn Potential Maximum Storm Surge Monitor storm reports and keep a log of A completeinventory of personalproperty I:ind out if your home i» subject to storm hurricaneposition. Rcmcmbcrevacuation will helpin obtaininginsurance scttlcments surge tidal! flooding.Information about thc routes sometimes can be ciosed up to 20 and/or tax deductions for losses. inventory potentialfor inlandflooding and stormsurge hours before landfall by wind gusting or chcckli»t» can be obtained from many is availablethrough the nearestWeather Sta- »h>rmsurge flooding. sources,including your in»<>rancerepresenta- If consideringmoving to a»helter, >nake tion office, tive. Do nottrust your memory.List descrip- How Safe Is Your Home? arrangcmcntsfor all pets. Pets arc not al- tionsand take pictures.Store these and other Plan to relocate during a hurricane lowed in shelter». importantinsurance papers in waterproof emergencyif you live nearthc seashore.If Retilt needed prescriptions, containersor in your safetydeposit box, you tive in a mobile home, always ptanto If evacuation has not already been recom- reloca,le. Check Insurance Coverage mended, consider leaving the area early to Know Location of Nearest Shelter Rcvicwyour insurance policies and your avoid long hours on timited evacuation EmergencyManagement or Red Cross coverageto avoidmisunderstandings later. routes. personnelcan give you the locationof the Take advan agcof' tlood insurance.Separate shelter nearestyour home and explain what policiesare nccdcdfor protectionagainst Check Supplies yo<>should bringwith you. wind and flood damage, which people fre- ~ T|'ansistor Radio with Fresh Batteries Plan for your family'» safety. Know how quentlydo not realize until too late. Do not A radio will be your most useful source <>f to contact family members should the need wait until a hurricane is in the C>utf by information. Have enough batteriesto last several days. Thcrc may bc no electricity. Prepare for Storm Surge, Tornadoes and OlOredpennarits and lights are ~ Flashlights,Candles or I.amps, and Floods dlspfabtedIn sofTIepoI'ts ai'Id Matches Storm surge, tornadoes and flash floods aleas of the Texas coast to Store matches in a waterproof container. arc thc worst killers associated with a hur- Have enough lantern fuel for several days, ricane. During a tornadowarning, scck shel- warn of hazardous sea conditio is. and know how to usc it safely, ter inside, below ground lcvct if possible, or Modern technology, however, has re- ~ Full Tank of Gasoline in an interior hallway, closet or bathroomon duced the number of flag stations Ncvcr ict your vchicic gas t»nk be less ground Icvcl. If outside, move away at right neededalong the coast. NOWelnpha- than half-full during hurricane season. Fill angles from thc tornado; if escape is impos- thc tank as soon as» hurricane watch is sible, lic flat in a ditch or Iow spot. Thc sls Is placedon continuousmarine posted, Rcmcmbcr when thcrc is no elec- surgeof oceanwater plus flash flooding of broadcasts tranSrriitted at j 62.55 tricity, gas pumps won't work, streams and rivers due to torrential rains MHz. ~ Canned Goods and Non-perishable combine to make drowning the greatest SrrlattCraft Advisory:One HEE! p ;n- Foods cause of hurricane deaths, nanl displ;lycdhy dulyarid a HEDfI jilt Store packaged Ioods which can bc pre- Check Your Survival Supplies Again pared without cooking and needno rcfrigcra- overfl WHffE liqhf al night lo indicate tion. There may be no electricity or gas. IF YOU STAY AT HOME: lhiit w!nds an j s 9s, ol' sca condIllons a Containers fur Drinking Water Stay Indoors alnne,COIISi j ',IC fangeruuS f IO Small ; Off Have clean, air-tight containers to store Pleasestay in an inside room away from opcratIonsalc forecastIflnds niay I'ange sufficient drinking water for severaldays, doors and windows. Don't go outside in thc as hiqh as 38 n!pfi 3 knots!. Thc city supply will probably be interrupted brief calm during passageot' the eye of the or contaminated. storm, The lull sometimes ends suddenly as ~ Materials to ProtectGlass Openings winds return from the opposite direction. Have shuttersor lumber to protect Iargc Winds can increase in seconds to 7S mph or windows and doors and maskingt»pc I'or usc morc. on small windows. Protect Property ~ Materials for Emergency Repairs Without taking any unnecessary risks, pro- Gate Naroilig. TwoBEE! p ',nnanfsI'fls- Your insurancepolicy may cover thc cost tect your property from damage, Temporary playcdby day and a 'AIHlTFlight abovea of materialsused in temporaryrepairs so repairs can reduce your losses. kccp all rcccipts, Thesealso will be heipfu1 Stay Away from Windows, Glass Doors REDIIqhf at night to indicatewinds wi!h- for any incometax deductions. Move I'urniture away I'rom exposed doors Irl tl'1erange of 39 lo 54 nlpfl 4 fo 47 and windows. WHEN A WARNING IS ISSUED: knots!are fo "cast for the area, Stay Tuned tn Media Broadcasts ContinueListening to Radio or TV Keep a radio or television tuned for infor- Continueto monitor hurricaneposition, mation from official sources. Uncxpcctcd intensity and cxpcctcd landfall. changescan sometimescall for last minute If You Live in a Mobile Home relocations. Check tie-downsand Icavc immediately Remain Calm for a saferplace. Mobile homesarc not safe Your ability to meet emergencies will help in hurricane force winds. others. Store Iaroiog: A single squarePED Preparefor High Winds flag wfffI a Bl A :K cen!Crdisplayed d.",' Brace your garage door. Lower antennas, IF YOU MUST EVACUATE: Ingdaytime and two Hfl! lightsat night Be prepared to make repairs. Know Where You Are Going to indicatewinds within lhe rangeM to Anchor Outside Objects Please lcavc carly, in daylight, if possible, 73 rtipl 8 to 63 k»ols}are forecast for Garbage cans, awnings, loose garden Move your mostvaluable possessions that the area tool», toys and other loose objectscan be- you can't take with you to higher points come deadly missiles. Anchor them securely within your home. Protect Windows and Other Glass Board up or shutter large windows secure- For Shelters ly. Tapeexposed glass to reduceshattering. Takeblankets or sleepingbags, flash- Draw drapesacross windows and doors to lights, specialdietary foods, infant nccds and lightweight folding chairs. protect against flying glass if shattering does occur. Rcgistcrevery personarriving with you at the shelter. HUrricalieWarrliog: Two sq lal'cRED Move Boats on callers Close to House Fill boats with water to weight them Do not take pets, alcoholic beverages or flagswith BLACK center displayed during down. Lash securely to trailer and usc weapons of any kind to shcltcrs. l»eday and Ilfod for materia]s used. Ttmes once it begins to thaw. Be Patient a Driver's liccnsc and other idcntil'ication Do blot Use Water Until Safe Hardship cases will bc sett]cd first hy ~ Insurance policies Use your emergency supply or boil water insurancerepresentatives. Don't assumeyour ~ Property inventory before drinking until ot'ficial word that the settlement will be the same as your neigh- ~ Medic-alert or device to convey special water is safe. Rcport broken sewer or water bor's. Pohcy forms diff'cr and storm damage medical information mains to thc proper authorities. is often erratic. In a major catastrophe. the ~ Maps to your destination Take Extra Precautions to Prevent Fire insurance industry will have emergency of- Take Warm, Protective Clothing I.oweredwater prcssure in city mains and fices and extra manpower to expedite claim the interruptionof otherservices may make scttlcmcnts and to speed recovery, Evcryonc AFTER THE HIIRRICANR: fire fighting extrcme]yditl'icult after a hur- cannot bc first. ricane. If You Are Evacuated II "I'akesa Team Effort Plcascdelay your return until it is rccom- Resp<>nsibilityfor the ciean-up falls to THI RKCOVERY: mcndcd or authorized by local authoritics, numerous local, state and tcdcral agencies. Beware of Outdoor Hazards Insurance A local Emergency Management coordinator Watch out for loose or dangling power Insurancerepresentatives will bc on thc thc mayor, county iudgc or a designated lines, «nd report them immediately to proper scene immc<1iatcly following a ma]or disaster representative!will bc on hand to help resi- authoritics. Many lives arc ]oat through elec- to speedup the handling of claims.Notify dents in this effort. ~

urricanesare categorizedaccord- before arrival ol hurricane center. Considerable mal. Flat terrain t0 feet or ess above sea ing to a disaster-potentialscale damageto piers.Marinas flooded ant] small level floodedas far as 6 miles inland. IVlajar H developedby HerbertSaffir, Dade craft in unprotectedanchorages lorn trom damageto lowerfloors af structuresnear County,Fla,, consultingengineer, and Dr, moarings.Evacuatian of somesharelirie resi- shoredue to flooding and batteringby waves RobertH. Simpson,former NationalHur- dencesand low- yinq sland areasrequired. andfloating debris. Low-lying escape routes ricaneCenter director. The disaster-po- cut by risingwater 3 to 5 hoursbefore ForceThree: Winds of t t t to t30 mph. tential numbers are not forecasts, but hurricanecenter arrives, Malor erosianof Foliagetom fromtrees, large trees blawn are based on observed conditions at a beaches. Massive evacuation of all residences given time in a hurricane'slifespan. dawn.Practically all poorlyconstructed signs within500 yards of shorepossibly required, blown down and mobile homesdestroyed andof single-staryresidences on low ground ForceOne: Winds of 74 to 95 mph.Damage Samedamage to roofs,windows and doors within 2 miles of shore. primarilyto shrubbery,trees, foliage, unan- andsome structural damage to smallbuild- choredmobile homesand, possibly,poorly ings.DR Storm surge9- to ]2-feetabove constructedsigns, DR Storm surge4- ta normal.Serious flooding at coastand many Force Five: Winds greaterthan t55 mph 5-feetabove normal Low-lying coastal roads smallerstructures near caast destroyed. Larger Shrubsand treesblown down,all signs down andcomplete destruction af mobilehomes. inundated,minor pier damage, some small structuresbattered by wavesand floating de- Extensiveshattering of glass in windowsand craftin exposedanchorages tom fromrnoor- bris.Low-lying escape routes cut by rising daorsand complete failure af roofson many ings. water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Flat terrain 5-feet or less above sea residencesancL industrial buildings. Small ForceTwo: Winds of 96 to t t0 mph.Con- level flooded 8 m les inland or more, Evacua- buildingsoverturned or blownaway. siderab'ledamage to shrubberyand tree tion of low-lyingresidences within several DR Storm surgegreater than 18-feetabove foliage,some trees blown down. Major dam- blocks of shorelinepassibiy required normal.Major dainage to lowerfloors af all ageto exposedmobile homes and poorly structures less than 15-feet above sea level constructedsigns. Some damage ta roofs, ForceFour: Windsof 131to 155mph. within500 yards of shore.Law-ly ng escape windowsand doors. No major damageta Shrubsand trees blown down, al signsdawn. routescut by risingwater 3 to 5 hoursbefore buildings,OR Storm surge6- to 8-feet Extensivedamage to roofs,windows and hurricane center arrives, Massive evacuation abovenormal. Coastal roads and law-ly ng doors,Complete destruction af mobilehomes, of low-lyingresidential areas within 5 to t0 escaperoutes cut by risingwater 2 ta 4 hours OR--Storm surge t3- to t8-feetabave nor- milesof shorepassibiy required. ~

AMYKS OK OLIK LIN HMRACAN lnformaci6nsobrc la posibilidadde inunda- lugar dc rcfugiomas cercano a sucasa y AMK HACK ciones tierra adentro puede ser obtenida cn la tambidnlc pucdcinformar que debe Iraer. oficina de Servicio de Meteorologia mds cer- Sepa la Elevaci6n de su Casa en Relaci6n Planccla seguridadde su familia. Sepa cana a su hogar. al Nlvel del Mar siempre corno comunicarsecon sus familia- Esta informaci6n la puede obtener eu las res en caso dc quc una cmcrgenciase pre- f,Cuan Segura esta su Casa? sente. oficinas localesde Control cn Caso dc Emcr- Planee relocalizar moverse! durante una gencias. La oficina dc Servicio de cmcrgcnciadc huracau, si usted vive ceres Planeela Rata de Seguridaden Casode Meteorologia mas cercanapuede proveer dc la costa. Si usted vive cn una casa mobil que Tenga que Salir informaci6n sobrc el nivel de las aguasen siempre planee rclocalizar, Planee su ruta de escapectm ticmpo. canalesy arroyos o riachuclosdcl drca. Inf6rmese con el personaldc Administracidn Informese de Ia Postble Altura Maxima de Sepa Donde Kstti el Lugar de Refuglo rnas de Emcrgcnciadc los puntos bajos y dc la la Oleada Cercano historia de inundacioncsdc su vccindario y Iuformcsc si su casa pucdc scr afcctada La Administracion dc Emcrgcnciao la dondc ocurren las inundaciones.Sepa cuanto por inundacionescausadas por las oleadas, Cruz Roja pucdc informarlc dondc csta cl tiempo tardarazen salir de su casa y llegar a un lugar scgurocuando el movimiento y cl tenga menos de medio tanque durante tem- trkfico es m6ximo. porada de huracanes. Llene el tanque tan pronto camo la vigilancia sea puesta cn cfcc- Hags Inventario de su Propiedad 10 f! r!Ii,a0!! Ira!!il!II'!a Icla'I va !.! I to. Recuerde cuandono hay clcctricidad Un completo inventariodc su propiedad cc' ltrcnc Ia 10" TI!!0I,on las bompasdc gasolinano funcionan. personalle ayudar6a rccibir pago por seguro S>iavtat!ilc Vic!iti'IS0{!S'<0 tantcsdc scguro, No dcpcndade su memo- no ncccsitc scr cocida ni rcfrigcrada. Pucdc I r!I. gcrsc cn contra dc danos causados por ger las ventanas grandes y puertas y cinta vicntos 0 inundacioncs sc ncccsitan dos poli- Vlgttancia ile Hufacanes I 'il pit ncr,l il!0 la ,I.I- adhesiva para usarse en las ventanas pe- k l ff!fi Ii!,t,!C,II''I!tlecc ona pniif'I!tc,j! '.II!a t:actot!t:sI!ct Oonf i!IIO nfvCI 0CI i! joa 0 !nii cCivIC'0 HC MCICO!010 Cnf!! it la posici6n del huracan, Recuerdc quc a ra en tierra. vcccs las rutas dc cvacuaci6n pucdcn scr i;ttrca ICIare;> i

ere is a list of major hurricanes that 1941 Sept. 16-25:Texas City; wind 23.5 inches of rain on Jefferson, Orange and have battered the Texas coastline gustsof 83 mph, four deaths,$6 million Newton countiesin extreme Southeast Texas. sincethe turn of the century. estimateddamages. Very heavycrop dam- Propertydamage estimated at $11.6 million, 1900 Aug. 27-Sept. I5: Galveston; age, Most low exposed places evacuated in primarily from flooding associatedwith the 6,000 deaths, estimated 120 mph winds, The response to good warning, resulting in low storm. worst natural disaster in United States his- casualtyfigure, Beulah Sept, 5-22, 1967:Southern tory, estimateddamage from $30 miflion to 1942 Aug. 29-30: MatagordaBay Texas,Brownsville; 109 mph gustmeasured $40 million. Principal damageand most loss storm; eight deaths,$26.5 million in es- with damagedanemometer, 15 deaths,$100 of life caused by storm tide which inundated timated damages. million to $150 million in damage. Major Galveston Island. 1943 July 27: Port Bolivar; 19 deaths, floodsin southernTexas, killing l0 people 1909 July 21: Freeport; 41 killed and $18.5 million estimateddamages. and causingmost of thc damage.Record damagewas estimatedat $2 million. 1945 Aug. 27: MatagordaBay; three number of tornadoes, 155, which killed five 1915 Aug. 5-25: Texas and Louisiana, deaths,$20.1 millionin damages. people. Galveston;120 mph. winds,275 deaths,$56 1947 Aug. 24: Galveston;one death, Cella July 23-Aug. 5, 1970: Corpus million estimated damage. Twelve-foot storm $200,000in damages. Christi;162 mphwind gusts,I I deaths, tide flooded Galveston to a depth of 5- to 1949 Sept. 27-Oct. 6: Freeport; 135 $450 million to $500 milliondamage; es- 6-fcct. mph winds, two deaths,$6.7 million in timated insured loss: $310 million. Greatest damage in west to east area where maximum 1916 Aug. 18: Corpus Christi; es- damages. Severe damage to agricultural tirnateddamage at $1.6 million,220 deaths. crops. gusts occurred. 1919 Sept. 2-15: Florida, Louisiana Fern Sept. 10, 1971: Moved inland and Texas; Also known as the Corpus Christi Audrey June 25-2S, 1957: Texas to nearMatagorda; two dead, $30.23 million storm;72 mph wind, 2287 deaths.$20 mil- Alabama; Sabine Pass; 100 mph winds, 390 damage, mostly from 10- to 26-inch rainfalls lion estimated damage. More than 500 deaths,$200 million damage.Storm surgeof associated with the storm, casualtiesin ships lost at sea. morc than 12 feet caused flooding of the flat Allen Aug. 10, 1980:Port Mansfield 1932 Aug. 11-14:East Columbia; 40 Louisiana coast by Gulf waters as far as 25 north of Brownsville; 129 mph gustsat Port deaths, 100 mph wind, $7.5 million damage. miles inland. Mansfield,22 deaths, $300 million damage. Hurricane was small in diameter. Winds Debra July 25, 1959:Galveston; $7 Twelve tornadoeswere reportedin Texas damaged rice and some cotton near the coast million estimated damages, no deaths. along with 10-15inches rain. About half a butaccompanying rains hclpcd parchedin- million pcoplc evacuatedalong the Texas land areas. Carla Sept, 3-15, 1961: PortO'Con- and Louisiana coast. 1933 Aug. 28-Sept. 5: Brownsville; 40 nor, Port Lavaca and Matagorda; 160 mph Alicia Aug. 18, 1983: Moved inland deaths,80 mph winds, $12 million damage. wind, estimated at 175 mph at Port Lavaca, near Galveston; 18 storm-related deaths, 135 Heavy property damage from Corpus Christi 46 deaths, $40S million in darnagc. Sevcrc mph wind gusts, damageestimated at $1 to northeasternMexico; citruscrop virtually damagealong wide cxpanscof Texascoast billion, 12-foot tides in Galveston, Severe destroyed. from unusually prolonged winds, high tides wmd damage in downtown Houston. About 1934 July 21-25: Florida and Texas; and flooding. 25,000 people evacuated the Houston-Gal- CorpusChristi, 11 deaths,52 mph winds, Cindy Sept. 17, 1963; Made landfall veston area. Six tornadoesassociated with $4.5 million damage. near High Island and dumped 15 inches to storm.R "I

C

~Qw.~C ':Wj!.,Xj Cjlj 0 G>

/ KO TORNADO Outdoors SAFKTY RULKS lf' you arc trapped out»idc and thcrc is no herc is no guaranteedsafe place dur- building nearby,»eck»helter in a ditch, gul- ing a tornado, but some locations are ly, ravine or culvert. Even a low»pot in thc better than others. Survival i» po»»i- ground gives you some protection. blc by following suggested safety rules and Do not seek»helter in a grove. of trccs. Ustng co>1>n>otlscllsc. Rc>ncmbcr to protect your head, Remember there i» no guaranteed safe In A House place during a tornado. Your be»t «hancc for The safestplace in a houseis ihc inner- survival is to gct away frotr> ihc killing » most hallway on the lowest floor. Because wind». Do not »tand up and watch thc tor- t ID thc walls in a hallway arc closely tied to- nado. Seek shelter irnrnediatcly. Your life 0g gether, they will hold togcthcr better in high and thc lives of those around you may de- rr winds. pend on your actions, Keeping alive during a Avoid windows. Flying debris can tornado does not happen by chance, kill and the worst kind of flying debris is brokenglass. Do not open windows. Time is too valuableand flying glassis dangerous. g Gct under sotnething strong, such as a Qc0 workbench or hcavy table, for added protec- THUNBKRSTOAIMIS tion. I po»si'hlc.cover your body with a ANO LIGHTNING blanket or sleeping bag. Protect your head 8 8 with anythingthat is availablc. f you plan io he outd»ors, check thc Avoid concrete, rock or brick waBs and latest weather forec»st and keep «n eyc chimneys,Rather than blowing over in high on thc sky. At signs of an impending r wind», they tend io collap»e straight d»wn. stor>n h>wcring thundcrhcads, darkening »kie», lightning, inerca»ing wind li»tcn to An interior closet offers good protection. NOAA Wcathcr Radio, or a local radi<>or "I"hcelo»ct ha» four walls closely tied togeth- tclcvision station for thc latest information. er, and thcrc arc no window». An interior bathroom i» even bcttcr. Not n threatens, get msidc have four wall» elo»ely tied togcthcr, but the your home, a large build>I>gol an t>ll->net'>I plumbing helps hold things together. 'I'hc im>t ccexcept for cn>elgene>cs Mobile Homes and Recreationaf Vehicles It' you are caught outside, »cck»hcltcr in a During a tornado, one of thc lca»t dc»ir- low area under a thick growth of small tree», wi ablc place» to be i» in a mobile home or Ir> open areas, go to a low place, such '>s a recreational vchiclc, Tornadic wind» can ditch. Do not stand unde> a tall. i»ol»tcd trcc blow rccrcational vchiclcs over or knock or a utility p<>lc. 0 mobile homes from foundations, rolling If you arc caught in a level, open field far them along the ground and breaking them f'rom shelter and you feel your hair stand on apart. If you arc in a mobile home or recrea- end, lightning >nay be about io strike you. tional vehicle when a tornadoapproaches, seek other shelter immcdiatcly, Drop to your knees and bend forward, put- ting your hands on your knees. Do not lic Seek»hcltcron foot if possible. Do not flat on the ground. drive your car. Do not gct under a mobile home or rccrcational vehicle. Get ot'f or away from open water. metal farm or construction equipmcni, or small metal vehicles, such as motorcycle», bicycle» Mutor Vehicles or golf carts. Put your golf clubs down and As in the case of n>obilc homes and rccrc- take off your golf shoes they have metal ational vehicles, a motor vehicle is not the spikes!. Stay away from open doors and best place to be during a tornado, Cars, windows. wire fences, clotheslines, and met- husc» and trucks easily bcco>ne flying mis- al pipe» and railings, lf you are pari of a sile» a» a result of tornadic winds. group in thc open, »prcadout, keepingpeo- Never try to outrun a tornado in your car. ple several yard» apart. You' ll lose, Remaincalm. Thundcrstormsusually last Stop your vehicle and get out. Seek shel- >mlya short time; even squall lines passin a ter»omc place clsc. Do not get under or rnatter of' a fcw hours. Be cautiou~ but do next to your vehicle it may roll over on not be afraid, Stay indoorsand keep in- you. formed. ~ TRACKING CHART 6

D

O P FLOW CHART

EVACUATION G UIDELI MES

Am I at Risk?

NON Hot

You are at risk, if: ~ You live on the barrier or offshore Stay home if your house is safe Have l been advised or ordered to islands. from potential flooding and able to ~ You live in a mobile home or evacuateby the governoror local withstandhigh winds. recreationalvehicle, even when elected officialsthrough radio, TV Stay tuned to local radio and TV for threatenedby a minimalhurricane, or byan officialrepresentative of official advisories or bulletins from ~ Youlive alonga river,creek, the community law enforcement the National Weather Service. saltwatercanal or in a low-lyinginland officers,fire officials!? area OR ~

YES $ YES ~ lf in doubt or still concerned about yoursafety?

~ Evacuate outside the Prepareto evacuateusing your threatened area as far ahead of time ownplan or the followingdecision as possible. checklistfor evacuationplanning. ~ Staywith friendsor relatives Go to decision checklist for evacu- or at a hotel/motelsafe from poten- ationplanning. tial flooding. ~ Determine the best evacuation route to take. A DECISION GUIDE

Are you, or is anyonein yourfam- Are you a homeowneror renter? Do you have children? ily, ill or disabled?

NO I NO Il NO i

YES ~ YES ~ YES ~

~ Takeimportant papers with you ~ All prescriptionand other insurancepolicies, property in- medicines ~ Special diet and baby foods ventory,proof of residence! ~ Prosthetic devices a Babyequipment bedding, dia- ~ Turn off water supply ~ Thermometer pers, etc.! birth certificates ~ Turn off air conditioner ~ Emergencymedical certification ~ Toys ~ Disconnect all electrical ap- ~ Eyeglasses ~ Hobby materials pliancesexcept food storage a Hearing aids ~ Readingand drawing supplies ~ Shutoff all gas appliances ~ Special diet foods ~ Lock all doors and windows ~ Extrapillow andbedding

Proceedto planned Doyou havepets? Are you without a place to go? destination.

NO I Not

YES ~ YES ~

~ Pets are not permitted at shelters ~ TV or radio broadcasts will in- ~ Arrangeaccommodations at a form you of designatedemergency kennel public shelters ~ Qr take necessaryprecautions at ~ Bring: home Personalhygiene items soap, toothbrush and paste, deodorants, first aid kit, asprin,etc.! Itemsnecessary at shelter water, bedding, non-perishable food, flashlight,batteries, portable AM FMradio, etc.! ~ Eatsomething before you leave home.

Proceed te public shelter I hc following additional hurricane- A state-of-theart survey,the purposeof this related publications are available report is to encourage and assist from the Marine Information Ser- non-meteorologists in making use of avail- vice, Ses Grant Colleg«Program,Texas able technology. Although some of it is tcch- A&M University, Cullege Station, Texas nical in nature, thc non-specialist is able to 77II43. Prices quoted are f'or single copies; gain an understanding ol' the problems in- write for prices for multiple copies. Request volved in the prediction of ct>astal floods. publication by both title and publication HURRICANF. MKSSAGE FNHANCF,- number, and send a check payable to Texas MENT. Carlton E. Ruch and Larry B. ARM IJniversity. Christcnscn. January 19III. 140 pages, 43 Emergencyplanners and governmentoffi- figures, Ig tables. $5. TAMU-S>G-80-202. cials can order copies of the four evacuation ITIS> PB-81-243-677. studieslisted below. Each providesdata for Can people be stitnulated to respond to decision making leading to regional coordi- hurricane information in ways that will max- nation of evacuation before hurricanes. The imize their safety? This report describes ex- data can also bc used in specific county or pcrimcnts conducted on Galveston Island to city evacuationplans. Three methodologies determine psychological responses in thc are developed that can be used in other subject areas of l!Simulated hurricane vari- coastal areas as well. SLOSH Sea, Lake, ables; !Consequences of exposure to hur- and Overland Surges from Hurricanes! is one ricane fury via tclcvision; ! lnf'luence of such method. other residents, authority figures and cvcnts; HURRICANE RKI.OCATION PI.AN- !Response as a function of media pre- NING FOR BRAZORIA, GALVFSTON, sentation; !Rcsponsc to fear, information HARRIS, FORT BEND AND and testimony in current hurricane material. CHAMBERS COUNTIES TEXAS!. Results arc interpreted statistically and surn- Carlton Ruch. June 19' I. 13 pages, 21 marized in a hurricane response m<>dcl,Rec- tables, 17 f'igures. $5. TAJU-SG-81-604. ommendations are made. HURRICANE RELOCATION PLAN- HURRICANE WATCH HURRICANE NING FOR ARANSAS, IfENEI!Y, WARNING WHY DON'T PEOPLE LIS- KI.EBKRG, NUECES, RUFUCIO AND TKN7 Carlton Ruch and I.arry Christcnscn. SAN PATRICIO COIJNTIES. Carlton May I!NO. 4 I>ag'cs.TAJ>>f U-SG-80-508. Ruch. June 1983, 211 pages, 25 figures, 23 In an effort to learn why somepeople tables, 2 maps. $5. TAJ>4U-SG-83-606. respond to hurricane warnings while others HURRICANE RELOCATION PLAN- preparedness plan. do not, psychological experiments were con- NING FOR HARDIN, JASPER, JEFFER- Thc following publicationsare available ducted with rcsidcnts of Ga'lvcston, Texas, SON, NEWTON AND ORANGE COUN- from the source indicated. Costs, if any, are an island 75 miles southeast of Houston that TIES. Carlton Ruch. September 1983. 141 also indicated. fast experienced a major hurricane in 1961. pages, 11 figures, 13 tables, 3 maps. $5. A WEEKEND IN SEPTFMBER. John The experiments were grouped into five suh- TA1 J-SG-84-620. Edward Weems. Collcgc Station: Texas jcct areas: l!simulated hurricane variables; HURRICANE RELOCATION PLAN- AkM University Press, 19g !, I HBpages, !conscqucnccs of exposure to hurricane NING FOR CAMERON AND WILLACY $1 !.95, I'ury via television; !inf'iucncc of' other resi- COUNTIES, Carlton Ruch. September 'I'he weekend ot Sept, II, I9 , has bccn dents, authority figures and events; !re- 1985, 155 pages, I I tables, g figures, 2 called the ultimate cxamplc of thc terror and sponseas a function of mediapresentation; maps.$8. IA1>fU-SG-86-601. violence a hurricane can bring. Thc storm and !response to t'car, information and tes- THE FFFKCT OF SOCIAL INFLUENCF. that sweptGalveston Island that weekend timony incurrent hurricane material, ON RESPONSE TO HURRICANE killed more than 6,000 people and washed This Marine Advisory Bulletin sum- WARNINGS. Larry Christcnscn and Carlton away two-thirds of the city's buildings. marizes the conclusions reached by the re- E. Ruch. In Disasters, Vol. 42, No. 2, 1980. Weems' account was written morc than two scarchcr», While some conclusions relate es- I pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, $1, decades ago when many survivors were still sentially to the uniqueness of Galveston, all 7A!H'U-.'>'G-81-809,JV T18 PB-81-199-895. living and available for interviews. Weems are applicable to any coastal area which PROTECTING YOUR BOA".I'AGAINST recreates that fateful weekend as cxpcricnccd coukl experience a hurricane, 'I'he findings SEVERE WEATHER. Dcwayne Hollin and by those who werc actually thcrc. are particularly appropriatefor thosecon- Kcn Pagans. October 19 . g pages; 9 STORMS, PEOPI.F. AND PROPERTY IN cerned with disaster or emergency planning tables; I photograph.7A>14U-SG-84-511. COASTAL NORTH CAROLINA. Simon and for members of the news media. 'I'he key to protectingboats from winter Baker.82 pages,illustrated, Free. University HURRICANE-RESISTANT CONSTRUC- storms, hurricanes or any threatening ol' Nt>rth Carolina Sca Grant Program, TION FOR HOMES. 'I'odd L. Walton, Jr, wcathcris planning, preparationand timely UJVC-SG-78- 15, 40 cents. MAP-16!, orr»arly action. This guide gives boatowncrsspecific Baker recalls the destructive hurricanes SUSF-SG-76-005. stepsthat they should follow, whether they and northeasters of thc past, and discusses Discusses hurricane winds and thc impli- plan to rcmove thc boat from the storm area. safety precautions and prcvcntion of' property cation of probability concepts on home de- secure it in the marina or take it to a damage. sign in hazardous areas, Federal and local hurricanehole. Includedarc diagramsof THE PREDICTION OF HURRICANE guidclincs arc reviewed including the Na- storm mooring techniques,an easy-to-read STORM SURGFS, D, Lee Harris, $1. ti»nal Flood Insurance Program, thc Florida glossaryof severeweather terms and tips on Florida Sea Grant College Program, Coastal Construction Setback Line, and what to look for in a marina's severe wcathcr .'jGR-49. county building codes.~ It|ATI04ALSEA GRANT DEF'DSItutt Y PELL LIBRARYBUILDING URI, NARRAGANSETTBAY CAMPUS NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882

We extend our most sincere appreciation to Dr. Aylrner Thompson. a professor in Ihe Texas A&IVI UniversityDepartment of Meteorology,lor his assistancein preparationol this report. Ourthanks also go to Dr. Neil Frank, director of the National Hurricane Center in Coral Dabtes, Fla The hurricaneffow charf evacuationguidefine concept and informationis adaptedfrom a publicationof the Lee County, Fla.. Department ol Public Safety, and is presented as a public service FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: Sea Grant CollegeProgram TexasA8 M University CollegeStation, Texas 77843-4115 Administration 09! 845-3854 ThomasBright, Director LauristonKing, DeputyDirector Willis Clark, AssociateDirector Allen Martin, Asst. to Director Marine Information Service 0 9! 845-7524 NATIONALSEA GRANT PEPPSITPRP Amy Broussard, Headand Editor PELLLIBRARY BUILPING NormanMartin, TexasShores Rhonda Snider, AdvisoryEditor i