2013 Assessment Report
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making sense of heritage An Early Bronze Age Barrow and Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Barrow Clump, Figheldean, Wiltshire Interim Assessment Report on the 2013 Operation Nightingale Excavation Ref: 85371.01 March 2014 AN EARLY BRONZE AGE BARROW AND ANGLO-SAXON CEMETERY AT BARROW CLUMP, FIGHELDEAN, WILTSHIRE Interim Assessment Report on the 2013 Operation Nightingale Excavation Prepared for: English Heritage Prepared by: Defence Infrastructure Organisation Building 21 Westdown Camp Tilshead Salisbury Wiltshire SP3 4RS & Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park Salisbury Wiltshire SP4 6EB www.wessexarch.co.uk March 2014 Report Ref: 85371.01 © Wessex Archaeology Ltd 2014, all rights reserved Wessex Archaeology Ltd is a Registered Charity No. 287786 (England & Wales) and SC042630 (Scotland) An Early Bronze Age barrow and Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Barrrow Clump, Figheldean, Wiltshire Interim Assessment Report on the 2013 Operation Nightingale Excavation Quality Assurance Project Code 85371 Accession Client - Code Ref. Planning - Ordnance Survey SU 1655 4690 Application (OS) national grid Ref. reference (NGR) Version Status* Prepared by Checked and Approver’s Signature Date Approved By v01 E P. Andrews L. Mepham 21/03/13 File: X/85371/Barrow Clump 2013 Assessment/Draft Report 21_03_14.doc File: File: File: File: * I = Internal Draft; E = External Draft; F = Final DISCLAIMER THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT WAS DESIGNED AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF A REPORT TO AN INDIVIDUAL CLIENT AND WAS PREPARED SOLELY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THAT CLIENT. THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT DOES NOT NECESSARILY STAND ON ITS OWN AND IS NOT INTENDED TO NOR SHOULD IT BE RELIED UPON BY ANY THIRD PARTY. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW WESSEX ARCHAEOLOGY WILL NOT BE LIABLE BY REASON OF BREACH OF CONTRACT NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE (WHETHER DIRECT INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL) OCCASIONED TO ANY PERSON ACTING OR OMITTING TO ACT OR REFRAINING FROM ACTING IN RELIANCE UPON THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT ARISING FROM OR CONNECTED WITH ANY ERROR OR OMISSION IN THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THE REPORT. LOSS OR DAMAGE AS REFERRED TO ABOVE SHALL BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR ANTICIPATED PROFITS DAMAGE TO REPUTATION OR GOODWILL LOSS OF BUSINESS OR ANTICIPATED BUSINESS DAMAGES COSTS EXPENSES INCURRED OR PAYABLE TO ANY THIRD PARTY (IN ALL CASES WHETHER DIRECT INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL) OR ANY OTHER DIRECT INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS OR DAMAGE. An Early Bronze Age barrow and Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Barrrow Clump, Figheldean, Wiltshire Interim Assessment Report on the 2013 Operation Nightingale Excavation AN EARLY BRONZE AGE BARROW AND ANGLO-SAXON CEMETERY AT BARROW CLUMP, FIGHELDEAN, WILTSHIRE Interim Assessment Report on the 2013 Operation Nightingale Excavation Contents Summary ........................................................................................................................................iv Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................................vi 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project background ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The site ............................................................................................................................. 2 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................. 2 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Investigations pre-2003 / 2004 .......................................................................................... 2 2.3 English Heritage investigations 2003 / 2004 ...................................................................... 3 2.4 Operation Nightingale investigation 2012 .......................................................................... 4 3 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 5 3.1 General aims and objectives ............................................................................................. 5 3.2 Specific aims and objectives ............................................................................................. 5 3.3 Legislative and related background ................................................................................... 6 3.4 Excavation strategy ........................................................................................................... 6 3.5 Fieldwork methodology ..................................................................................................... 7 3.6 Recording .......................................................................................................................... 8 3.7 Artefact recovery ............................................................................................................... 8 3.8 Environmental sampling .................................................................................................... 9 3.9 Human remains ................................................................................................................. 9 3.10 Publicity ........................................................................................................................... 10 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESULTS ..................................................................................... 10 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 10 4.2 Neolithic .......................................................................................................................... 10 4.3 Beaker ring-ditch ............................................................................................................. 11 4.4 Early Bronze Age barrow................................................................................................. 11 4.5 Roman turf line ................................................................................................................ 12 4.6 Anglo-Saxon cemetery .................................................................................................... 12 5 ARTEFACTUAL EVIDENCE .......................................................................................... 15 5.1 Pottery by Lorraine Mepham ........................................................................................... 15 Early prehistoric .............................................................................................................. 15 Late prehistoric ................................................................................................................ 16 i 85371.01 An Early Bronze Age barrow and Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Barrrow Clump, Figheldean, Wiltshire Interim Assessment Report on the 2013 Operation Nightingale Excavation Late Iron Age/Romano-British ......................................................................................... 16 Saxon .............................................................................................................................. 17 Medieval and post-medieval ............................................................................................ 17 5.2 Worked flint and sarsen hammerstone by Phil Harding ................................................... 17 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 17 Results ............................................................................................................................ 17 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 19 5.3 Metalwork by Nick Stoodley ............................................................................................ 19 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 19 Range, date and condition ............................................................................................... 20 Discussion and potential ................................................................................................. 22 5.4 Beads by Phil Andrews ................................................................................................... 24 5.5 Coins ............................................................................................................................... 24 5.6 Unburnt human bone by Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy ........................................................... 24 5.7 Animal bone by Lorrain Higbee ....................................................................................... 24 6 ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ...................................................................................... 25 6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 25 6.2 Charred plant remains, charcoal and molluscs ................................................................ 26 7 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................