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The Need for Indigenous Aggregates Production in England

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The Need for Indigenous Aggregates Production in England The need for indigenous aggregates production in England Open Report OR/08/026 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN REPORT OR/08/026 The need for indigenous aggregates production in England T J Brown, F McEvoy and J Mankelow (BGS) with J Ward, S Bloomfield, T Goussarova, N Shah and L Souron (cebr) Keywords England, aggregates, economy, construction. Front cover Dowlow Quarry, Derbyshire C Mitchell, BGS © NERC Bibliographical reference BROWN, TJ, MCEVOY, F AND MANKELOW, J (BGS) WITH WARD, J, BLOOMFIELD, S, GOUSSAROVA, T, SHAH, N AND SOURON, L (CEBR). 2008. The need for indigenous aggregates production in England. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/08/026. 74pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. © NERC 2008. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2008 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. email [email protected] We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG BGS shops. Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 email [email protected] The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 It also undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in email [email protected] developing countries. The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. London Information Office at the Natural History Museum (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2DE Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Forde House, Park Five Business Centre, Harrier Way, Sowton EX2 7HU Tel 01392 445271 Fax 01392 445371 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com OR/08/026 Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of the many individuals and organisations that have provided images and construction details for this report, in particular Action Images Ltd (Wembley National Stadium), Midland Expressway Ltd (M6 Toll) BAA Aviation Photo Library (Heathrow Terminal 5), Leicestershire County Council and Wilmott Dixon Ltd (the two high schools), London & Continental Railways (Channel Tunnel Rail Link), Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Skanska Integrated Projects (Derby Hospital), Tarmac Ltd, Birse Group (Blackpool Coastal Defence Scheme) and London 2012 Olympic Delivery Authority. Dr B Marker, Mr N Jackson, Mr L Hicks and Mr D Highley provided useful comments on the draft. Whilst due consideration has been given to comments received from all consultees, this report describes the views of the authors alone. References within this publication to any methodology, process, service, manufacturer or company do not constitute its endorsement or recommendation by MIRO or DEFRA. This publication is intended to inform the land-use planning debate. It is not a statement of planning policy or guidance; nor does it imply Government approval. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material in this report, the authors, British Geological Survey and cebr will not be liable for any loss or damages incurred through the use of this report. Contents Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................................i Contents...........................................................................................................................................i Summary.......................................................................................................................................iv 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1 2 Aggregates in Daily Life ........................................................................................................3 2.1 Aggregates are all around us........................................................................................... 3 2.2 Definitions for aggregates............................................................................................... 4 2.3 Uses for aggregates.........................................................................................................4 2.4 Other quarried products .................................................................................................. 8 2.5 Alternatives to aggregates............................................................................................... 8 3 Economic Benefits of Aggregates........................................................................................ 10 3.1 Contribution to economic output.................................................................................. 10 3.2 Measures of economic contribution.............................................................................. 11 3.3 Direct benefits of the aggregates industry .................................................................... 12 3.4 Upstream contribution of the aggregates industry........................................................ 17 3.5 Employee spend contribution of the aggregates industry............................................. 19 3.6 Downstream contribution – construction products....................................................... 21 3.7 Downstream contribution – the construction industry.................................................. 21 3.8 Infrastructure and economic growth............................................................................. 28 3.9 Summary of Economic Contribution............................................................................ 30 i OR/08/026 4 Are Significant Imports a Realistic Option? ..................................................................... 31 4.1 The supply chain for importing aggregates .................................................................. 31 4.2 Shipping costs and receiving port charges.................................................................... 32 4.3 Capacity at English ports.............................................................................................. 35 5 Environmental Effects of the Aggregates Industry........................................................... 39 5.1 Valuing the environment: different approaches ........................................................... 40 5.2 Contingent valuation of aggregates extraction in the UK: previous work ................... 41 5.3 Estimated amenity value reduction caused by aggregates extraction in England ........ 41 5.4 The carbon dioxide emissions from aggregates extraction and transportation............. 42 6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 44 Appendix 1 ................................................................................................................................... 46 Using official statistics........................................................................................................... 46 Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................................... 48 The sensitivity of construction activity to aggregates prices ................................................. 48 Appendix 3 ................................................................................................................................... 51 The impact of increasing aggregates prices on the construction of houses ........................... 51 Appendix 4 ................................................................................................................................... 54 The link between infrastructure investment and economic growth ....................................... 54 Appendix 5 ..................................................................................................................................
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