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Tübinger Schriften und Materialien zur Kriminologie TÜKRIM 22Mungyu Hwang Transnationale Strafverfolgung Herausgegeben vom Direktor des Instituts für Kriminologie Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Kerner TOBIAS-lib Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen Juristische Fakultät Institut für Kriminologie Mungyu Hwang Transnationale Strafverfolgung Mungyu Hwang Transnationale Strafverfolgung Eine vergleichende Studie zur Rolle und zu den Aufgaben des deutschen Bundeskriminalamts (BKA) und des Koreanischen Nationalen Polizeipräsidiums (KNP) TOBIAS-lib Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen 2011 Juristische Fakultät Institut für Kriminologie Impressum Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie. Detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Dieses elektronische Werk wird, mit Genehmigung der Juristischen Fakultät, zugleich als textidentische Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Juristischen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen vorgelegt von Mungyu Hwang aus Seoul, Südkorea. Dekanin: Prof. Dr. Barbara Remmert 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Kerner 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. h.c. Kristian Kühl Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 25.07.2011 Lebenslauf des Autors in Stichworten: - Geboren am 27.03.1970 in Hapchon, Südkorea. - Abschluss der weiterführenden Schule im Februar 1988 in Masan. - Studium an der Polizei-Universität in Yongin von Februar 1990 bis März 1994. - Ab Mai 1994 fortlaufend Linientätigkeiten und danach Stabsfunktionen in ver- schiedenen Institutionen der Koreanischen Polizei in Seoul. - Ab Februar 2004 Polizeioberkommissar in der Abteilung „Planung und Koordinie- rung“ beim Koreanischen Nationalen Polizeipräsidium. - Ab März 2005 Polizeioberkommissar bei der Koreanischen Menschenrechts- Kommission, als Abgesandter des Koreanischen Nationalen Polizeipräsidiums. - Ab März 2006 Polizeioberkommissar in der Internen Untersuchungsabteilung beim Koreanischen Nationalen Polizeipräsidium - Seit März 2007: Beurlaubung vom Dienst. © Institut für Kriminologie der Universität Tübingen, Sand 6/7, 72076 Tübingen Fax: 07071- 29 51 04 E-Mail: [email protected]. Homepage: http://www.ifk.jura.uni-tuebingen.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Tübingen 2011. Gestaltung des Deckblatts: Ketchum Pleon. Gesamtherstellung: Institut für Kriminologie der Universität Tübingen. Printed in Germany. ISSN: 1612-4650 ISBN: 978-3-937368-42-9 (elektronische Version) ISBN: 978-3-937368-43-6 (gedruckte Version) Hinweis: Die nach Bedarf gedruckte Version entspricht vollständig der elektronischen Original- publikation. Vorwort Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Sommersemester 2011 von der Juristischen Fakultät der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen als Dissertation angenommen. Das Manuskript wurde Anfang April 2011 abgeschlossen. Die koreanische Regierung hat mein Studium in Deutschland finanziell unterstützt, wofür ich mich hiermit sehr bedanke. Mein Dank gilt daneben zuallererst meinem verehrten Doktorvater und akademischen Lehrer, Herrn Professor Dr. Hans-Jürgen Kerner. Er hat nicht nur das Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit angeregt, sondern dessen Bearbeitung auch stets mit Hilfe und Beratung, nicht zuletzt durch jederzeitige Betreuung, gefördert. Durch ihn habe ich das vorbildhafte Verhalten des Wissenschaftlers erfahren, und er hat mir den Weg zur wissenschaftlichen Welt eröffnet. Herrn Professor Dr. Dr. Dr. h.c. Kristi- an Kühl danke ich für die rasche und gründliche Erstellung des Zweitgutachtens. Dan- ken möchte ich ferner Herrn Professor Dr. Rüdiger Wulf für zahlreiche instruktive Ge- spräche sowie für seine Einladung, an seiner Initiative „Doktorandenkreis Sand“ mitzu- wirken, die mich im Rahmen der Promotion entspannte und ermutigte. Zu danken habe ich ferner Herrn Dr. Stefan Tippach für seine sorgfältigen Korrekturhil- fen sowie wertvollen Vorschläge zur sprachlichen Perfektionierung des Textes. Herrn Alexander Gall danke ich für das ergänzende Korrekturlesen. Frau Lieb schulde ich Dank für die Formatierungsarbeiten zur Druckfassung der Dissertation. Für die schöne gemeinsame Zeit in Deutschland und insbesondere für die ertragreichen wissenschaftlichen Unterredungen habe ich meinen Freunden und Kollegen zu danken. Hervorzuheben sind dabei Herr Dr. Czerner, Herr Dr. Hsueh, Herr Karnowski und Herr Pan. Mein lieber Dank geht neben meinen Schwiegereltern sowie Kindern, Hyun-Jeong und Jun-Hyuck, nicht zuletzt an meine Frau, Yun-Jong Kim. Sie hat mich während meines gesamten Studiums in Deutschland aufopfernd unterstützt und immer vertrauensvoll an den Erfolg geglaubt. Ohne ihre stete Ermutigung wäre diese Arbeit nicht zu bewerkstel- ligen gewesen. Ihr ist diese Arbeit gewidmet. Tübingen, im Juli 2011 Mungyu Hwang Inhaltsübersicht 7 Inhaltsübersicht Einleitung ..........................................................................................................................19 1. Teil: Transnationale Kriminalität ....................................................................................21 1. Kapitel: Zum Begriff der TK ..........................................................................................21 2. Kapitel: Konkrete Erscheinungsformen der TK.............................................................27 3. Kapitel: Übergreifende Faktoren und Zusammenarbeit bei der Entwicklung der TK ...37 2. Teil: Das BKA und das KNP als Institutionen transnationaler Strafverfolgung..............49 1. Kapitel: Allgemeine Fragen der transnationalen Strafverfolgung..................................49 2. Kapitel: Das BKA und KNP als zentrale Institutionen der transnationalen Strafverfol- gung........................................................................................................................51 3. Kapitel: Rechtliche Grundlage des BKA und des KNP .................................................51 4. Kapitel: Die Organisation von BKA und KNP................................................................59 5. Kapitel: Die Aufgaben des BKA und des KNP im Vergleich..........................................68 6. Kapitel: Das BKA und das KNP im Verhältnis zu anderen nationalen Strafverfolgungs- institutionen.............................................................................................................83 3. Teil: Das gegenwärtige Spektrum transnationaler Strafverfolgung bei BKA und KNP ..95 1. Kapitel: Historische Hintergründe der transnationalen Strafverfolgung ........................95 2. Kapitel: Spezifische institutionelle Formen der polizeilichen Zusammenarbeit bei der transnationalen Strafverfolgung....................................................................98 3. Kapitel: Polizeiliche „Intelligence-Arbeit“..................................................................... 119 4. Kapitel: Polizeiliche Zusammenarbeit bei der Fahndung............................................126 5. Kapitel: Der Einsatz von Informations- und Kriminaltechnik zur transnationalen Strafverfolgung........................................................................139 6. Kapitel: Der Einsatz von Verbindungsbeamten ..........................................................156 4. Teil: Zusammenfassung und Ausblick.........................................................................161 Literaturverzeichnis..........................................................................................................165 8 Inhaltsverzeichnis 9 Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung 1 1. Teil: Transnationale Kriminalität ....................................................................................21 1. Kapitel: Zum Begriff der TK ..........................................................................................21 1.1. Das Wortfeld von "transnational" bzw. "Transnationalität".........................................21 1.2. Der Begriff der TK......................................................................................................23 1.2.1. Schwierigkeit und Relativität der Begriffsbildung....................................................23 1.2.2. Unterschiedliche Ansätze der Definition der TK .....................................................24 1.2.3. Der Begriff der TK im Kontext dieser Arbeit............................................................26 2. Kapitel: Konkrete Erscheinungsformen der TK.............................................................27 2.1. Transnationale organisierte Kriminalität.....................................................................27 2.2. Transnationaler Drogenhandel ..................................................................................28 2.3. Transnationaler Menschenhandel..............................................................................31 2.4. Transnationaler Terrorismus ......................................................................................34 2.5. Transnationale Geldwäsche ......................................................................................36 3. Kapitel: Übergreifende Faktoren und Zusammenarbeit bei der Entwicklung der TK ....37 3.1. Transnationaler kriminalgeografischer Raum ............................................................38 3.2. Transnationale Netzwerke .........................................................................................39 3.3. Technologische Entwicklung......................................................................................40 3.4. Globalisierung und TK ...............................................................................................42
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