Vol. 48 No 4 (New Series) SUMMER 2018

THE GALLIPOLI GAZETTE

OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB LTD

Armistice Centenary

On November 11, one hundred Years since the Armistice which ended the First World War, Australians observe a minute silence at 11am in memory of those who died or suffered in all wars and armed conflict. From the in Canberra to every capital city and hundreds of other cities, towns and suburbs Australians paid respect to those who fought and died in war, with special thoughts for those from World War One. The war memorial in Canberra was central to the commemoration with the service attended by leaders from parliament, the armed services and veteran groups. A display of 62,000 handcrafted poppies, representing Australian Donald Trump and Russian leader wreath at the graves of John Parr, lives lost in WW1, was exhibited in Vladimir Putin were among 70 believed to be the first UK soldier the Memorial’s grounds from world leaders at a ceremony at to be killed during the war, and October 5 to November 11. the foot of the Arc de Triomphe in the last, George Ellison, who died Images of the First World War Paris where an unknown soldier in battle 90 minutes before the were projected and on November who died in the war is buried. Armistice came into effect. 10 a beam of light was directed Prince Harry, the Duke of Sussex She then travelled to Albert, from the Memorial towards opened the Field of Remembrance France, to meet President Parliament House, symbolising the at Westminster Abbey to honour Emmanuel Macron. The town, in link between political freedoms Britain’s war dead. The Duke of the heart of the Somme region, and the sacrifice of those who’ve Sussex attended a ceremony in suffered significant bombardment fought to defend them. the churchyard garden, where during the conflict. The pair laid Remembrance events took place 60,000 crosses have been laid in wreath at the Theipval Memorial, across the world to mark the tribute to those who died in also in the Somme area of France, centenary. conflict. which bears the names of more In Britain, Prince Charles led the British Prime Minister, Theresa than 72,000 members of the nation's tributes to the fallen, May commemorated the Armed Forces who died in battle, laying a wreath at the Cenotaph in Armistice centenary by joining “We remember the heroes who Whitehall on behalf of Queen Belgium leader, Charles Michel, in lost their lives in the horror of the Elizabeth who watched from the laying a wreath at the St trenches. As the sun sets on one balcony with other senior royals. Symphorien Military Cemetery in hundred years of remembrance, French President Emmanuel Mons, Belgium, where more than we will never forget their sacrifice. Macron, German Chancellor 500 soldiers are buried. Most Mrs May said”. Angela Merkel, US President were killed at the Battle of Mons Continued page 3. August 1914. Mrs May laid a

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Editorial… THE GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB The last four years have been filled with LIMITED ongoing ceremonies commemorating the centenaries of the major evens of the First Patron: World War. Major General Arthur Fittock AO The build up to the centenary was immense. Those four years seem to pass so Board of Directors: quickly. Far quicker than the period 1914-18 did for those who survived its horrors. The President: John Robertson Gallipoli Gazette has been privileged to be a Senior Vice President: David Ford vehicle which would help its readers commemorate those events. Junior Vice President: Ted Codd The Australian War Memorial has led the Hon. Treasurer: John Brogan way in highlighting the end of the war. The Gazette carried stories about several events. Directors: I remember visiting the Halls to see displays and photograph the cumbersome German Stephen Ware, Glenn Tetley, Scott Tank Mephisto which was on loan from Heathwood, Marc Higgins . Also memorable was the televised Editor: Bob Lawrence speech to the National Press Club by the Director of the War Memorial, Dr Brendan Secretary Manager: John Robertson Nelson on the centenary of the Battle of Fromelles. I was so moved by that speech and the way it portrayed the horror and futility of Club Ph: 02 9235 1533 Email: [email protected] war alongside the bravery of the Australian www.gallipoli.com.au soldiers. This edition features both the Armistice and its centenary. You will read of the events that led to the 1918 German surrender and how world leaders commemorated it’s centenary. We also remember the Australian Olympic swimmer, Cecil Healy, who died in that war. We also pay tribute to one of our own who died in October; club stalwart Major General Gordon Maitland. Up to his death he was the highest ranking surviving Australian soldier from World War Two. We also hear about the how the people of the Loire Valley in France suffered in World War Two, but never relented in opposing their oppressors. Bruce McEwan tells of the role of in war and outstanding marksmanship. It’s not all about men. We also hear of artist Evelyn Chapman who painted scenes relating to the conflict. She visited sites of World War One battles with her father in 1919 when he was attached to the New Zealand War Graves Commission

On bahalf of our Patron and Directors,

I extend our sincere best wishes to all

our Members for a Happy and Merry

Christmas and good luck and good

health for the coming year.

John Robertson President

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Prime Minister Scott Morrison takes the salute from the guard of honour during Remembrance Day at the Australian War Memorial. Image: AAP

Soldiers stand inside the Hall of Memory which contains the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra

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The Armistice of 1918 After several months of hard on land, sea and air between of Allied prisoners of war and fighting on the Western Front, the Allies and their opponent, interned civilians, and eventual the Allies finally broke through Germany. Previous armistices reparations. No release of the Hindenburg Line on had eliminated Bulgaria, German prisoners and no September 29, 1918. The the Ottoman Empire and relaxation of the naval German army was beaten and the Austro-Hungarian blockade of German was within weeks came the Empire from the war. agreed to. Armistice. The actual terms, largely Although the armistice ended The Armistice of Compiègne, written by the Allied Supreme the fighting, it needed to be signed in the Forest of , Marshal prolonged three times until Compiègne (60 kilometres) , included the the Treaty of Versailles, which north of Paris, came into effect cessation of hostilities, the was signed in the Hall of at 11am on November 11, withdrawal of German forces Mirrors at the Palace of 1918. The guns fell silent on to behind the Rhine, Allied Versailles on June 28, 1919, the Western Front and after occupation of the and took effect on January 10, more than four years of Rhineland and bridgeheads 1920. unimaginable bloodshed and further east, the preservation The Australian Prime Minister destruction, the war was finally of infrastructure, the surrender Billy Hughes and Deputy Prime over. of aircraft, warships, and Minister Joseph Cook adding This armistice ended fighting military materiel, the release their signatures on Australia’s behalf. The Lead Up

On September 29,1918 enabled him to save the face of declared "Fourteen Points". In the German Supreme Army the Imperial German Army the subsequent two Command informed Kaiser and put the responsibility for exchanges, Wilson's allusions Wilhelm II and the the capitulation and its failed to convey the idea that Imperial Chancellor, Count consequences squarely into the Kaiser's abdication was an Georg von Hertling at Imperial the hands of the democratic essential condition for peace. Army Headquarters in Spa parties and the parliament. He The leading statesmen of the of occupied Belgium, that the expressed his view to officers Reich were not yet ready to military situation facing of his staff on October 1: "They contemplate this. As a Germany was hopeless. now must lie on the bed that precondition for negotiations, Quartermaster General Erich they've made for us." Wilson demanded the retreat Ludendorff, probably fearing a On 3 October, the of Germany from all occupied breakthrough, claimed that he liberal Prince Maximilian of territories, the cessation of could not guarantee that the Baden was appointed submarine activities and the front would hold for another Chancellor of Kaiser's abdication, writing on two hours and demanded a Germany replacing Georg von 23 October: "If the request be given to the Hertling in order to negotiate Government of the United Entente for an immediate an armistice. States must deal with the ceasefire. In addition, he After long conversations with military masters and the recommended the acceptance the Kaiser and evaluations of monarchical autocrats of of the main demands of US the political and military Germany now, or if it is likely President Woodrow Wilson situations in the Reich, by to have to deal with them later (the Fourteen Points) including October 5,1918, the German in regard to the international putting the Imperial government sent a message to obligations of the German Government on a democratic President Wilson to negotiate Empire, it must demand not footing, hoping for more terms on the basis of a recent peace negotiations but favourable peace terms. This speech of his and the earlier surrender."

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In late October, Ludendorff, in by Wilhelm Groener. On was the fact that the French, a sudden change of mind, November 5, the Allies agreed British and Italian governments declared the conditions of the to take up negotiations for a had no desire to accept the Allies unacceptable. He now truce, now also demanding "Fourteen Points" and demanded to resume the war reparation payments. President Wilson's subsequent which he himself had declared The latest note from Wilson promises. For example, they lost only one month earlier, was received in Berlin on assumed that the de- however the German soldiers November 6. That same day, militarization suggested by were pressing to get home. It the delegation led by Matthias Wilson would be limited to the was scarcely possible to arouse Erzberger departed for France. Central Powers. There were their readiness for battle anew, A much bigger obstacle, which also contradictions with their and desertions were on the contributed to the five-week post-War plans that did not increase. The Imperial delay in the signing of the include a consistent Government stayed on course Armistice and to the resulting implementation of the ideal of and Ludendorff was replaced social deterioration in Europe, national self-determination.

Internal revolt

The sailors' revolt which took delegation headed by Matthias negotiation. The Germans place on October 29-30,1918 Erzberger crossed the front were able to correct a few in the naval port line in five cars and was impossible demands, such as of Wilhelmshaven spread escorted for ten hours across the decommissioning of more nationwide within days. It led the devastated war zone of submarines than their fleet to the proclamation of a Northern France, arriving on possessed, extended the republic on November 9,1918 the morning of November 8. schedule for the withdrawal and the abdication of Kaiser They were then taken to the and registered their formal Wilhelm II. However in various secret destination protest at the harshness of areas soldiers challenged the aboard Ferdinand Foch's Allied terms. But they were in authority of their officers and private train parked in a no position to refuse to sign. on occasion established railway siding in the forest of On Sunday November 10, they Soldiers' Councils. Compiègne. were shown newspapers from Also on November 9, Max von Foch appeared only twice in Paris to inform them that the Baden handed over the office the three days of negotiations: Kaiser had abdicated. That of Chancellor to Friedrich on the first day, to ask the same day, Ebert instructed Ebert, a Social Democrat. German delegation what they Erzberger to sign. The cabinet Ebert's SPD and Erzberger's wanted, and on the last day, to had earlier received a message Catholic Centre Party had see to the signatures. The from Hindenburg, requesting enjoyed an uneasy relationship Germans were handed the list that the armistice be signed with the Imperial government of Allied demands and given 72 even if the Allied conditions since the 1870-80s. They were hours to agree. The German could not be improved on. well represented in the delegation discussed the Allied The Armistice was agreed upon Imperial Reichstag, which had terms not with Foch, but with at 5:00 a.m. on November 11, little power over the other French and Allied and signed between 5:12 a.m. government, and had been officers. The Armistice and 5:20 a.m. calling for a negotiated peace amounted to complete At home in Australia, large since 1917. Their prominence German demilitarization with crowds gathered in capital in the peace negotiations few promises made by the cities and regional centres to would cause the new Weimar Allies in return. The naval celebrate the end of conflict. Republic to lack legitimacy in blockade of Germany was not After the Second World War, right-wing and militarist eyes. completely lifted until Armistice Day became The Armistice was the result of complete peace terms could be Remembrance Day, a time to a hurried and desperate agreed upon. commemorate war dead from process. The German There was no question of all conflict

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The stages of the 1918 Armistice The Armistice was prolonged three times before peace was finally ratified. During this period the document also developed. • First Armistice (November 11, 1918 – December 13,1918) • First prolongation of the armistice (December 13,1918 – January 16,1919) • Second prolongation of the armistice (January 16,1919 – February 16,1919) • Third prolongation of the armistice (February 16,1919 – January 10, 1920)[ Peace was ratified at 4:15 pm on January 10,1920

Signatories to the Armistice The two Allied signatories were: • Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch, the Allied supreme commander • First Sea Lord Admiral Rosslyn Wemyss, the British representative Other members of the delegation included: • General Maxime Weygand, Foch's chief of staff (later French commander-in-chief in 1940) • Rear-Admiral George Hope, Deputy First Sea Lord • Jack Marriott, British naval officer, Naval Assistant to the First Sea Lord For four German signatories were: • Matthias Erzberger, a civilian politician. • Count Alfred von Oberndorff, from the Foreign Ministry • Major General Detlof von Winterfeldt, army • Captain Ernst Vanselow, navy

Military leaders address a crowd in Martin Place, Sydney from a replica ship that provided a stage

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Marshal Foch is second from right in light coat. The signatures on the Armistice Admiral Wemyss is on the far right

Progress Report Club Renovations

The renovation to the Gallipoli Memorial Club Building is proceeding at a pace. Any members who have been past in recent times would have noticed that the buildings to the north and south of the club have been demolished. This has exposed the sandstone wall on the north (Quay) side, which despite some minor damage due to rising damp on parts of the ground floor (that we knew about), appears to be in very good condition. The wall to the south (Bridge St) side is cement rendered and has to be stripped to determine condition, but from the inside also appears to be in good condition.

The non-original internal fittings have now been removed, exposing the structure of the flooring and roof. Some timber components in the roof were removed in the past to make room for the lift and other machinery. These will be restored/replaced. Elsewhere there is some termite damage to flooring joists and bearers, these will also be repaired. The builder expects to have completed the strengthening of structural timbers, beams and joists etc. before Christmas.

The building committee continues to meet regularly with the AMP and the builders.

I will keep members informed of further progress.

John Robertson President

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France’s Loire Valley suffered in WW2

Editor Bob Lawrence returned from a visit to France with stories of events in the Loire Valley, south west of Paris, in World War Two.

On August 25 1944, when most of When Mr Martin was allowed to in 1952 but lived in Germany, France rejoiced in the Allied return home, the ghost village had untroubled by extradition liberation of Paris, retreating been razed to the ground. requests, until his death in 1965. German troops decided to take Black and white photos of pretty Mr Martin wanted to know their revenge on the village stone houses are his only whether Schlueter, of Maille in the Loire Valley. reminder of the village he knew as who commanded regular troops in One of the 600 inhabitants a child, today replaced by soulless a neighbouring village, acted alone of Maillé, 25 miles south of Tours modern buildings. or if memebrs of the 17th SS was 10 year old Serge Martin. "Not a day goes by when I don't Panzergrenadier Division, based in He had spent the day in a nearby think about it. I carry on living but the Valley, also took part. village with his grandparents, but not like everyone else," Mr Martin Mr Martin said it appeared at home, his mother, father, said in an interview held in the unlikely Schlueter would have brother and two sisters, one just local historical records. He never taken the decision alone to six months old, were all murdered understood exactly why the transfer two anti-aircraft guns by retreating German troops. The Germans, many of whom had to Maillé from Tours, where they Germans massacred 124 people cohabited with the villagers during were defending strategic bridges that morning, including two the war, decided to mete out such over the river Loire, to use to blow infants, 42 women and 44 children horrific retribution. the village apart. under 14. Mr Martin said that he and the 28 In France, it is too late to pursue Only seven were shot, the rest remaining villagers orphaned that the other estimated 80 Germans were killed in all manner of ways, day had given up on the French who took part in the killing spree including by rifle butt, bayonet, or judicial system shedding any light or question the remnants of the fire. The soldiers lashed out on the killings. 1,000 or so troops who passed by indiscriminately, even attacking After a series of botched the village that day on the Paris- animals. investigations, only one German, Bordeaux train that runs alongside A hand-written pencil note found former Wermacht lieutenant, it. The statute of limitation on war on several bodies read: "This is Gustav Schlueter, was tried over crimes is 30 years. Why did the punishment for terrorists and the massacre. He was convicted in Germans take revenge? Records their assistants." absentia for war crimes in France show that the French Resistance had sabotaged the local railway three times that month, and a day earlier two German cars were said to have come under fire. The Germans were also angry that locals had hidden an American pilot who crash- landed in the area. Germans cohabited peacefully with the villagers in Maillé during the war, but destroyed it as they retreated in 1944.

La Maison du Souvenir de Maille

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Château de Chenonceau on the River Cher in the Loire Valley

The Châteaude Chenonceau spann in the operations of the French danger, but they were not caught. ing the River Cher, near the small Underground. However, further down the Valley village of Chenonceaux in the The River Cher was a boundary at Chateau Villandry a member of Loire Valley in France played between the Nazi occupied west the owning family, the Carvellos, important roles in both World War side and the "free" zone on the was arrested by the Gestapo and One and Two. east bank. By night, the Resistance killed for assisting the Resistance. The estate of Chenonceau was would move people between the Elsewhere along the river, the first mentioned in writing in the two zones by taking them through Resistance moved people across 11th century, after being built on the Chateau’s east and west doors the river in an empty wine the foundations of an old mill. The and across the river. barrel which had a seat built current château was built in 1514 This put the owners lives in inside it. to 1522 and was later extended to span the river. The bridge over the river was built from 1556 to 1559. The gallery on the bridge was built from 1570 to 1576 by the Dowager Queen of France, Catherine de Medici. During World War One, its owner, the French chocolatier, Gaston Menier, decided to aid the war effort by converting the gallery to a hospital ward, with his daughter in charge. Menier met the costs of running the facility. During World War Two the château played an important role Chateau Villandry

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Battlefield Killers – The Skilled, Stealthy Snipers

By Bruce McEwan

Snipers, also known as marksmen or sharpshooters, have been a part of warfare since the 1820s but only became an integral component of an infantry fighting unit in World War 1. On Gallipoli, shooters like Australia’s Billy Sing became famous and there were many feared marksmen firing across the trenches of France.

Bob Lawrence wrote a fine German and Turkish snipers at was virtually ignored on his tribute to Billy Sing’s exploits in that time mostly used a return to Australia. Billy the Autumn 2016 edition of modified G98 Mauser rifle fitted undoubtedly suffered what we “The Gazette”. with Zeiss telescopic sights. describe today as Post Traumatic The word comes from Today’s unique sniper “systems” Stress Disorder (PTSD). He was British India where above cost tens of thousands of dollars found dead in a Brisbane average shooting skill was each to manufacture and their Boarding House, on 19 May needed to take out the small but skill-selected, two-man 1943, with just five shillings to prized-eating birds known as shooter/observer teams are his name. He was 57. Snipes. given extensive specialist Some modern snipers have Billy Sing and other allied training on the open range and become famous for the numbers in simulators. they have killed. Finn Simo Snipers have to be extremely Hayha had more documented patient and masters of kills than any other sniper in concealment. Because of the history. He reportedly killed 505 fear they create and their effect on an enemy’s morale they became prized targets themselves. As Bob Lawrence noted, Billy Sing “the Assassin”, had learned most of his stalking skills by the age of 10 on his parent’s rural property at Clermont in . He knew how to remain motionless for hours in the heat of day, to ignore the attention of flies, ants, bees and hornets and still be so single-mindedly focussed that Billy Sing he could deliver an accurate Snipers at Gallipoli mostly used bullet to his selected target at Simo Hayha the standard Lee Enfield .303” any given distance. He could rifle eventually equipped with a identify a target and shoot men during the 1939–40 Winter telescopic sight -- although few within two seconds. War. More recently, a U.S. of their kills were made at He was credited with killing 250 Marine Corps sniper named distances greater than 100 to enemy soldiers on Gallipoli, was Carlos Hathcock killed hundreds 150 metres because of the wounded three times, was of enemy soldiers in the Vietnam proximity of the enemy. In gassed in France, was feted by War using a Winchester Model France, longer shots than 200 to comrades and and 70 .30-06 fitted with an 8- 300 metres were not common. decorated for bravery with the power Unertl scope. DCM and Croix de Guerre but

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Other snipers are feted for being able to kill an enemy from extreme distances. In the Afghanistan War, snipers from the Canadian Army killed with a shot of 2,430 metres Other allied snipers like American Matt Hughes made a difficult 860 metres kill in very high winds by aiming about seven metres to the left of his target. The weapons used these days are mainly hand-made, ultra high-velocity rifles like the American Barrett M82 and M95, the Austrian Steyr SSG 69, the British Accuracy International Arctic Warfare Magnum, the Finnish SAKO TRG 42 , US Remington’s M24, the German Blaser R93 Tactical, the McMillan Tac 50mm, the M107, the Draganov and the Chey Tac M200. Most use magnum big bore cartridges. The 50mm version even has an explosive round for use on grouped personnel or material targets. Suprisingly, a modern variant of the British .308 Lee Enfield still has its uses today in infantry marksmanship. But, at the start of WW1, only Germany had troops that were issued purpose-built scoped rifles. Although sharpshooters existed on all sides, the Germans equipped some of their best with scoped rifles that enabled them to pick off enemy soldiers showing little but their heads out of their trenches. At first the French and British believed such hits to be coincidental, until the German scoped rifles were discovered. German snipers’ reputation owed much to the high-quality lenses that only German’s optical industry could manufacture at that time. Soon the British army began to train its marksmen in specialized sniper schools. Major Hesketh-Prichard was given formal permission to begin sniper training in 1915, and founded the First Army School of Sniping, Observation, and Scouting at Linghem in France in 1916. The Major also began using Kim’s Game, a memory-expanding pastime that still helps spotter/observers and shooters absorb details of the terrain and identify enemy positions. The game was described in Rudyard Kipling’s novel Kim – hence the name. A major movie in 2001 extolling the skill of the sniper was “Enemy at The Gates” based on the siege of Leningrad. The mystique surrounding snipers led to the first Hollywood movie on them in 1993. It has since spawned six sequels. And there are two new films on the subject showing on Australian screens today. This demonstrates the macabre public fascination for these skilled assassins, murderers, marksmen and sharpshooters—the well-hidden killers of land warfare.

U.S. Marine Corps sniper named Carlos Hathcock killed hundreds of enemy soldiers in the Vietnam War

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2019 Gallipoli Art Prize

The Gallipoli Art Prize Organising Committee invites artists born in Australia, New Zealand or Turkey or holding those countries' citizenship to submit a painting for the acquisitive Gallipoli Art Prize, run by the Gallipoli Memorial Club Limited. The entry must be delivered at the competitor’s expense to: The Gallipoli Art Prize Organizing Committee C/- The Harbour View Hotel 18 Lower Fort Street, Dawes Point, Sydney NSW 2000, between 10AM and 4PM on Sunday 10th , Monday 11th, Tuesday 12th, and Wednesday 13th March 2019. Prize money of $20,000 will be awarded to the artist of the winning entry subject to the Art Prize conditions on the GMC website. The Club’s acquisition of the work and its copyright will remain the property of the Gallipoli Memorial Club Museum Fund. The Gallipoli Art Prize will be awarded to the artist who best depicts the spirit of the as expressed in the Club’s “Creed” which states: “We believe that within the community there exists an obligation for all to preserve the special qualities of loyalty, respect, love of country, courage and comradeship which were personified by the heroes of the Gallipoli Campaign and bequeathed to all humanity as a foundation for perpetual peace and universal freedom”. The submitted work must be original work and not have previously entered in this or any other competition and is not to exceed in size 4 square metres and being not smaller in size than 38 cm by 30 cm. It should preferably be produced on canvas or similar material. Wet paintings will not be accepted. The Gallipoli Art Prize Organizing Committee shall appoint a panel of four judges to consider entries submitted and select the wining work. The decision of the judges will be final and no correspondence on their decision will be entered into. A decision by a majority of the judges on any issue shall be deemed to be a valid and binding decision of the judges as a whole. For full entry and compliance details, please see; http://www.gallipoli.com.au

Steve Lopes, "Exposed Wood, Mont St Quentin"

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Olympian Cecil Patrick Healey

The only Australian Olympian final at the unofficial Olympics political interest. He was vice- to die in World war One was at Athens (See Intercalated president of the New South swimmer Cecil Patrick Healey games). On a successful tour of Wales Amateur Swimming (1881-1918) Britain and Europe he won the Association and of the Surf He was born at Darlinghurst, 220 yards Amateur Swimming Bathing Association of New Sydney, third son of Patrick Association championship of South Wales. An excellent Joseph Healy, barrister, and his England in 2 minutes, 37.4 surfer, he was a founder, wife Annie Louisa Gallott. seconds, came second in the captain and gold honour badge He was privately educated in English 100 yards title and won holder of the Manly Surf Club Bowral and in 1895 won a 66- the 100 metres and Kaiser's and prominent in the fight to yard handicap race at the old cup at Hamburg. deregulate bathing laws. A Sydney Natatorium, an At the Australasian titles in paradigm of the true enclosed pool at the 1908 Healy regained the 100 sportsman, he received the Natatorium Hotel at 400 Pitt yards freestyle title in the silver medal of the Royal Street. He joined the East record time of 57.2 seconds Shipwreck Relief and Humane Sydney Amateur Swimming (not equalled until 1922 and Society of New South Wales in Club and in 1901 was part of not bettered in the event until 1911 for a very difficult rescue, the winning 500 yard flying 1927) and the 220 yards title in Manly council lifeguard, Jack squadron teams race in the 2 minutes, 34.2 seconds. He Reynolds, in the summer of New South Wales retained the 100 yards 1911 of 2 men who had been Championships. The team won championship in 1909 and swept out off Manly in a big several subsequent events. 1910 and in 1911-12 had some sea. His bravery was praised as In 1902-04 Healy was interesting contests and wins the most meritorious rescue frequently placed in sprint and against Frank Beaurepaire and and resuscitation during that middle-distance races, and in Bill Longworth. swimming season. 1905 at Balmain won the 100 At the Stockholm Olympics in yards State championship in 1912 he finished a close second 61.1 seconds, came third in the to the Hawaiian Duke 220 yards freestyle and was a Kahanamoku in the 100 metres member of the victorious flying final. He also won a gold medal squadron (world record time) In the 4 x 200 metres relay. and water polo teams. At the Short and stocky with powerful Australasian championships in arms and shoulders, Healy Melbourne the same year he developed the two-beat won the 100 yards freestyle Australian crawl and was title in 58.0 seconds, equalling famed for his brilliant finishes. the world record. He contributed articles on Retaining his Australasian 100 swimming and other subjects yards title in 1906, Healy to the press and was a fluent finished third in the 100 metres speaker, often for the Liberal

Intercalated games

The 1906 Intercalated Games or 1906 Olympic Games was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated in Athens. They were at the time considered to be Olympic games and were referred to as the "Second International Olympic Games in Athens" by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Whilst medals were distributed to the participants during these games, the medals are not officially recognized by the IOC today.

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In September 1915 Healy enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force. After service as a quartermaster sergeant in the Army Service Corps in Egypt and France he transferred to the infantry officer school at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he swam, rowed, boxed and played Rugby. In June 1918 he was commissioned second lieutenant in the 19th (Sportsman's) Battalion and was killed in his first action in the battle for Mont St Quentin on 29 August. A requiem Mass for him was celebrated in St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney, on 23 September. He was unmarried. He is commemorated by the Healy Shield for life- saving in New South Wales and in 1981 was honoured by the International Swimming Hall of Fame at Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America.

Australian Olympic gold medal swimmer, John Devitt and Sydney author, Larry Writer have produced a biography of Cecil Healy. It is available in book shops or from Stoke Hill Press, Concord NSW (www.stoekhillpress.com).

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Major General Gordon Lindsay Maitland AO, OBE, RFD, ED

Club President John Robertson remembers a great Gallipoli Memorial Club member

Major General Gordon Lindsay He was commissioned as a Maitland died on 18 October Lieutenant on October 14, last. He was buried with full 1946. military honours at St James, Never having been a King Street, Sydney on Monday, member of an Australian October 29, 2018. Army unit, he had no banner The funeral was well attended to march behind, and no with the Governor General, the mates with whom to Governor of NSW and many reunite, and it would be soldiers who served under the more than 50 years before, General being present. It at the urging of the RSL, he deservedly commemorated a life would march on Anzac Day. of service – to the Army, to the In 1947, he returned to the Defence Reserves and Ex- service Commonwealth Bank, from communities, and to Australia. It which he would eventually was followed by a procession to retire as a Chief Manager. and service at the Cenotaph, He joined the Citizen Martin Place. Military Force when it was raised He was one of 28 community Chief of the clan Maitland, he on 1st April 1948, from which he leaders appointed as Anzac was our most conspicuous would retire as a Major General Centenary Ambassadors who remaining link with the 2nd and Chief of the Reserve. served on the Advisory Council World War - the senior surviving As an officer, patron and and played an important role in soldier of that war, and the only benefactor, he left his mark on leading the State’s one who, having enlisted as a more than 20 organisations commemorations of the private recruit, would become a including the 2nd/4th Battalion Centenary of Anzac, 2014-2018. Major General and a member of Association. Although he had He has also had a lifelong the Chief of the General Staff’s never served in that battalion, in dedication to military history and Advisory Council. 1970 they uniquely made him a had six books published. He was born on 25 August 1926 member, in recognition of the General Maitland served on the in Rockdale, in 1944. support he had provided to them Committee of the Gallipoli Approaching his 18th Birthday, when Commanding Officer of Memorial Club for many years. he enlisted at his local Army the Association of 4th Infantry Until recent years he was a depot, at Arncliffe. He learnt to Battalions and of which he regular attendee at Club speak Japanese and on became a Patron. He was also functions. He was entirely September 20, 1945, aged 19 involved with the Royal United unassuming, his manner was and still a Private, he flew from Services Institute, the NSW relaxed, and he enjoyed mixing Melbourne to join Timor Force. Military History Society and with everyone. As a youthful Sergeant, he Legacy. He was the Chief A truly great man, he will surely served as the Chief Interpreter at Executive Officer of the Royal be missed. the War Crimes Trials in Darwin. Agricultural Society NSW.

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Evelyn Chapman – war artist

A new art prize commemorates the work of, Evelyn Chapman, who painted scenes of the ruins of World War One War in 1919.

Evelyn Chapman visited sites of Joan Kerr which was published in Later that year the young artist World War One battles in 1919 1995 stated, “She showed these travelled to Europe with her with her father who was spiritual monuments as having parents where she studied at the attached to the New Zealand been ravished, left empty and famous Academie Julian. Her War Graves Commission. Mr abandoned…….Chapman’s works were hung in the famous Chapman, immediately after images echo the task of her Paris Salon two consecutive war’s end, was detailed to father; they too provide a years. reclaim and re-bury the remains durable account of the casualties She continued studying art in the of New Zealand soldiers who had of war.” United Kingdom during WWI and died in Villers-Bretonneux. Evelyn was born on October 25, continued to study art, and she At this time, accompanying her 1888, in Cary St, Marrickville, the also painted landscapes in father, Evelyn painted the effects only child of Grace and Thomas Cornwall. of war on the built environment Francis Chapman. She mainly painted portraits and showing the rubble and hollow In about 1906 she enrolled for figure subjects “which were remains of ruined churches. four years in the Sydney art praised by contemporaries for The $50,000 Evelyn Chapman Art school of flamboyant Italian- their harmonious colour sense”, Award was set up by Chapman’s born teacher Antonio Dattilo according to Joan Kerr. daughter, Pamela Thalben-Ball Rubbo (1870–1955). Rubbo’s Jane Watters, a long-time judge who was also an artist and an notable students included Grace of the Gallipoli Art Prize and Archibald Prize and Portia Geach Cossington Smith, Ronald Director of the S.H. Ervin Gallery Award exhibitor. Wakelin and Roi de Maistre. (which administers the new In October, Braidwood artist In 1909 Evelyn won first prize in award) said that in 1925 Evelyn Kate Stevens, was announced as the Royal Art Society’s student married organist Dr (later Sir) the first winner for her work, drawing competition. And in George Thalben-Ball who Gaza, which she based on drone 1911 she painted a portrait of insisted that she give up footage of war devastation in Rubbo, a picture that was later painting. the Middle East. bought by the Art Gallery of Evelyn Chapman lived in the UK The book Heritage: The National NSW. until her death in 1961. Women’s Art Book” edited by

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