Vol. 33, No. 41 October 8-14, 1990 Yunnan Province is home to more than 250 of the 400-plus varieties of azaleas grown in China. Since the flowers are so prolific many local minority people eat the azalea and even export them to Japan. Aftr azaleas are dried in the sun, they are then cooked. Here Bai natioality women are airing azaleas.

Among clusters of flowers which dot the mountains and plains, a Yi nationality girl picks edible flowers. Photos by Zhu Yuhu Beijing"^!- VOL. 33, NO. 41 OCT. 8-14, 1990

'Faster, Higher, Stronger' CONTENTS • In the spirit of the Olympic motif "Faster, Higher and Stronger," athletes from China and other Asian countries and regions have joined in the competition by displaying the best of their skills. A review of the competition that took place in EVENTS/TRENDS 4 7 the first few days of the games (p. 15). New China, Now 41, to Make a 10-Year Plan Thriving Diplomacy Rooted in Stability Chinese Economy: Deveiopment and Reform China Strikes Golds in Asiad's First Days • In the 1990s China will continue to readjust its economy and China Votes for Peace and Security place the issue of deepening and gradually expanding the Grain Output to Hit an All-Time reform squarely on the agenda (p. 13). High

INTERNATIONAL Asian Games Art Festivai India Upgrades Science, Technology 8 A Look at US-Soviet Accord to • A colourful touch to the Asian Games, the Asiad Art Ban Chemical Weapons 10 Festival, now at its climax in Beijing, features a gala presenta• Brunei: Oriental Oil Kingdom 12 tion of concerts, dances, operas and dramas given by Chinese artists and their counterparts from DPRK, south Korea, Ja• CHINA pan, Pakistan, Indonesia and many other Asian countries and Economic Development and regions (p. 23). Reform in the'90s 13 Sidelights on the Asiad: 'Faster, Higher, Stronger' 15 Burgeoning Diplomacy Rooted in Stability Galaxy of Exhibits Adds Luster to Asiad 23 Beijing Festival Aglow With • A People's Daily editorial says China has made much Oriental Art 28 headway in its foreign relations during the first nine months of this year. To date, China has established diplomatic re• lations with 138 countries. The newspaper attributed the PICTORIAL 1990 Beijing 11th Asian Games achievements to the political stability and economic develop• Art Festival (Centrefold) ment of the country (p. 5).

BUSINESS/TRADE 29-31

Grain Yield to Hit an All-Tlme High CULTURE/SCIENCE 32-34

• A bumper harvest of summer grain and early rice crops, COVER: Right: The opening ceremony promising autumn grain crops and a generally satisfactory of the 11th Asian Games. Left: Xing weather all indicate that China's total grain yield will reach an Fen, a winner of the first gold medal at all-time high this year, if efforts are made to ensure a proper the 11th Asian Games. harvest (p. 7). Photos by Xu Junchao

General Editorial Office Publistied every Monday by BEIJING REVIEW Subscription rates (1 year): Tel: 8314318 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037 Australia A.$30.50 TLX: 222374 FLPDA CN Tfie People's Republic of China New Zealand NZ.$40.50 FAX: 8314318 Distributed by China International Book UK CI 6.50 English Dept. Tel: 8315599 Ext. 546 Trading Corporation (GUOJI SHUDIAN) USA US$30.50 P.O. Box 399, Beijing, China Canada Can.$30.50 EVENTS/TRENDS

New China, Now 41, to Moke a 10-Year Plan

e are intensifying our ef• strategic goal for China's eco• the existing special economic forts to draw up a tenta• nomic development, that is, to zones, open develpment zones W tive 10-year programme quadruple the 1980 GNP by the and, in particular, the new Pu- for economic and social devel• end of the century and enable dong Development Zone in opment and the outlines of the people to lead a relatively Shanghai, he said. the Eighth Five-Year Plan comfortable life," Li told the As for reunification of China, (1991-95)," said Chinese Premier more than 1,000 Chinese and for• Li called on the Taiwan authori• Li Peng in Beijing on Septem• eigners attending the reception. ties to adopt a more sensible pol• ber 30. To this end, the premier stat• icy and lift postal, trade and Speaking at National Day re• ed, "China will maintain an an• travel restrictions between the ception held at the Great Hall of j nual economic growth rate of two sides of the Taiwan Straits. the People to mark New China's i about 6 percent in the next de• He also proposed direct ne• 41st birthday, Li said that the cade. At the same time, it will gotiations between the Chinese programme and the outlines of concentrate on improving the Communist Party and the the plan, once available, will be economic structure, increasing Kuomintang on reunification submitted for discussion at the economic returns and upgrading and other relevant questions. Seventh Plenary Session of the the economic performance." As to the current Gulf crisis, 13th Central Committee of the Li said China will step up its Li said, China has, from the very Communist Party of China. But reform efforts to solve econo• beginning, opposed Iraq's mili• he didn't disclose the date for the mic problems, and gradually es• tary invasion of Kuwait and holding of the session. tablish a planned economy com• called on Iraq to withdraw its "In the coming decade, we will bined with market regulatory troops unconditionally from Ku• unswervingly carry out the pol• mechanisms. wait as soon as possible. icy of ensuring a sustained, China will also continue its He said China hopes that on steady and coordinated develop• policy of opening up to the out• the basis of the effective imple• ment of the national economy side world and will, in the next mentation of relevant UN Secur• for the attainment of the second five years, continue to expand ity Council resolutions, the Gulf crisis will be resolved at an early Chinese leaders and foreign guests attending National Day reception held on date through peaceful means. September 30. uu JIANGUO On the Cambodian question, Li said China was pleased that significant progress has been made recently toward a political settlement. China hopes for an early, fair, reasonable and com• prehensive political settelment of the Cambodian question based on the documents adopted by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, said Li. The Chinese Premier conclud• ed that China has further im• proved and developed its unity and co-operation with the vast numbers of third world coun• tries, and now there has been substantive relaxation in its rela• tions with Western countries. "Facts show that China has more and more friends and that its international status is even more enhanced." •

4 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 EVENTS / TRENDS Thriving Diplomacy Rooted in Stability ! China Strikes Golds in Asiad's First 5 Days hina swept the gold medals on the first day of competition at hina has come a long way in the 11th Asian Games, following the opening ceremony on its foreign relations dtiring C September 22 afternoon in Beijing, C the first nine months of this j Xing Fen, a IT-year-oid girl from Hainan Province, won the first year, according to an editorial in I gold medal in the 44 kg category of the women's weightlifting event. the People's Daily on Septem• I Her two other teammates won gold medals in the 48 kg and 52 kg ber 26, \s respectively. China's swimmers dominated the pool that China established diplomatic I same day, winning all four gold medals at stake, and breaking three relations with Namibia in spring ; Asian records. The Chinese men's gymnastics team also won their and with Saudi Arabia in July, first gold medal, leaving their arch rivals from Japan in second place. and resumed diplomatic relations In the first five days of competition, from September 23 to 27, with Indonesia in August after ; China has grabbed 80 gold medals in various events, ranking first a 23-ycar suspension. To date, in the gold medal standings. South Korea ranks second, winning 16 China has established diplomatic I golds. Japan, third winning 13 golds and the Democratic People's relations with 138 countries. Soon Republic of Korea anchored the fourth place in the standings win- Singapore will be added to this i ning four golds. hst. China has developed econo• mic, trade, scientific, technologi• I Table: 11th Asian Games' Gold Medal Tally (Sept. 22-27) cal and cultural exchanges with more than 180 countries and re• Date Event Ctr/Regn Winners Records gions. Wgtlif. W.'s 44kg China Xing Fen 165kg The editorial attributed these W.'s48kg China Huang Xiaoyu 167.5kg achievements to the country's ad• W.'s 52kg China Peng Liping 185kg herence to the Five Principles of Swimm. Men's lOOni bs. China Chen Jianhong 1'02.60" Peaceful Coexistence and its inde• W.'s lOOni fs. China Zuang Yong 55.30" pendent foreign policy of peace. W.'s 400m mdl. China Lin Li 4"39.88" During the ongoing Gulf crisis, M.'s 200m fs. China Xie Jun 1'51.90" China, as a permanent member Gyniii. Men's team China 2'93.65 of the United Nations Security China Xir.'g Livvei 190kg Council, not only opposes armed Sepi.24 WgUif. W.'s 56kg invasion of an independent coun• W.'s 60kg China MaNa 207.5kg try, but also supports a political W.'s 67.5kg China Guo Qiuxiang 215kg and peaceful solution to the crisis. Swimg. W.'s 200m fs. China Zhuang Yong 2'01.43" China's efforts to safeguard M.'s 100m butf. China Shen Jianqiang 54.29" peace in the Gulf region have M.'s 4x200m fsr. Japan team 7-30.34" drawn worldwide attention and M.'s 400m nidi. Japan Fakahiro won widespread acclaim. Fujimolo 4'26.10" The editorial said that China's W.'s 2()0m bs China Lin Li 2-30.79" burgeoning foreign relations are Bicycf M.'s 100km China team rooted in the progress the nation Gymn. W.'s team China 196.875 has made in its ambitious socialist Fencing W.'s foil S.Korea Tak Jeong-lm modernization drive. Wgtlif. W.'s 75kg China Shi Wen 225kg Only by upholding independ• Sept.25 ence and self-reliance and sparing W.'s 82.5kg China Li Hongling 225kg no effort to promote moderniza• W.'s over 82.5kg China Han Changmei 242.5kg tion, political stability and econo• Shoot. W.'s sport psl. China Li Duihong 688 mic and social progress, the edito• M.'s free psl. China Xu Haifeng 660 rial said, can China play a bigger M.'s air rifle Japan team 1,752 role in the world community. M.'s free psl. China team 1,683 The editorial stated that the M.'s air rifle S.Korea Ahn Byung-kyun 685.2 Chinese people v/ill continue to W.'s sport psl. China team 1,757 uphold its policy of opening to the outside world and promote Swimm. W.'s 400111 Is. China Yan Ming 4-13.55"

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 EVENTS/TRENDS

political and economic relations W.'s4xl00fsr. China team 3'46.39 with other countries. • M.'s 100m fs. China Shen Jianqiang 50.61" M.'s 200m bs. S.Koiea Ji Sang-joon 2'03.59 China Votes for W.'s 100m bs. China Yang Wenyi r03.83 Peace and Security Wrestl. M.'s 48kg GR. S.Korea Gooun Duk-yong M.'s 57kg GR. S.Korea Si Jin-Chul hinese Foreign Minister M.'s 68kg GR. S.Korea Moon Chung-sik Qian Qichen reaffirmed on M.'s 82kg GR. S.Korea Kim Sang-kyu September 26 the Chinese C M.'s lOOkg GR. China Bao Yu government's position that the current Gulf crisis should be re• Gymn. M.'s indiv.a.r. China Li Jing 59.15 solved politically and by peaceful W.'s indiv.a.r. China Chen Cuiting 39.775 means. Qian spoke at the' UN Security Fencing M.'s foil ind. China Ye Chong Council after voting on Resolu• tion 670, which calls for an air Sept. 26. Shoot. W.'s trap shtg. China team embargo of Iraq. The resolution M.'s trap shtg. DPRK team passed with a 14-to-l vote, with M.'s 50m r.t. China team Cuba voting against the embargo. M.'s 50m r.t. China Ji Gang 588 Qian stated China voted in fa• W.'s s-b.s.r.p. China team vour of Reslution 660 and all sub• W.'s s-b.s.r.p. China Zhang Qiuping 592 sequent resolutions with a view to safeguarding the basic norms gov• Kenji Watanabe 2'17.49 erning international relations and Swimm. M.'s 200m bs. Japan restoring peace and security in W.'s 100m bs. China Huang Xiaomin I'lO.OS the Gulf region. M.'s 4x100 fs.r. China team 3'24.96 He stressed, however, that in M.'s 400m fs. Japan Tomohiro implementing the provisions of Noguchi 3'56.32 Resolution 670 concerning civil W.'s 100m butf. China Wang Xiaohong 58.87" aircraft, "the countries concerned should strictly abide by the rele• Wrstl. 52kg GR. S.Korea An Ahan-Bong vant stipulations of international 62kg GR. Japan Shigeki Nishiguchi law and take rigorous steps to 74kg GR. S.Korea Han Chee-Ho prevent any action that may en• 90kg GR. S.Korea Ueon Jin-Han danger the safety of civil aircraft Over 130kg GR. China Hu Rioga and their passengers." Qian said that China opposes Gymna. M.'s fir. ex. China Li Xiaoshuang 9.925 armed invasion and annexation M.'s pom.hors. China Guo Linyue 9.95 of one sovereign state by another M.'s rings China LiKe 9.925 and advocates that disputes be• M.'s Hors.vau. China Li Jing 9.85 tween states be resolved through M.'s par.bars China Guo Linyue 9.9 peaceful dialogue and friendly S.Korea Lee Joo-Hyung 9.9 consultation without resorting to M.'s horzt.bar DPRK Pae Gil-Su 9.925 force. W.'s bal.beam DPRK Li Chun Mi 9.925 He called on the Iraqi govern• W.'s nr.ex. China Chen Cuiting 10 ment to heed the strong voice W.'s hors.vau. Japan Seo Kyoko 9.875 of the international community, W.'s unevn.b. China FanDi 10 adopt a co-operative attitude to• wards the UN Security Council, Fencing M.'s sabre ind. China Wang Zhiming immediately stop its occupation of Kuwait and withdraw its Rowing M.'s sgl.sculls China LiZhongping 7'42.21" troops. M.'s doub.scul. China The foreign minister said that M.'s l.w.sgl.scul. China Shen Hongfei 7'43.69" China, in principle, does not M.'s coles.pair oar. China 7'14.92" stand for military involvement in M.'s coles.4-oars China the Gulf by the big powers. M.'s l.w.doub.scul. 7'45.76" He said China believes, and his• M.'s l.w.4-oars coles. China 6'54.37" tory has proved, a world order M.'s 8-oars cox. China 6'11.53"

6 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 EVENTS/TRENDS based on military power and un• W.'s sgl.scul. China Cao Mianying 8'23.86" der the threaten of force is not W.'s coles.pair oars China Zhou Shouying reliable. Only on the basis of the Liu Xirong 8'06.13" Five Principles of Peaceful Coex• W.'s coles.4-oars China 7'12.88" istence can the world order re• W.'s l.w. sgl.scul. China Liang Sanmei 8'54.28" main vital. The Gulf crisis, he W.'s l.w. doub.scul. China Liao Xiaoli said, has occurred because these Huang Jielan 7'45.76" principles have been violated. • W.'s l.w. coles.4-oars China 7'44.77" Grain Output to Hit Shoot. M.'s s-b free rfl.p. China team 1779 M.'s s-b free rfl.p.ind. Japan Koba Ryohei 696.3 An Ail-Time Higti M.'s f.psl.ra.fire S.Korea team W.'s air rifle China team th expanded acreage W.'s trap 200 tg.ind. China Wang Yujin 188 sown to grain and a W.'s air rifle ind. China Xu Yanhua 494.2 Wgenerally satisfactory M.'s trap 200 tg.ind. DPRK Pae Won-Guk 217 weather, China's total grain out• M.'s f.psl.ra.fire ind. China Wang Runxi 869 put this year will break the 1989 record to reach an all-time high. Swimm. M.'s 200m butf Japan Sugimoto Kunio 2*00.25 But before this becomes solid M.'s 100m bks. China Lin Laijiu 57.47" reality, efforts are needed to en• M.'s 50m fs. China Shen Jianqiang 22.99" sure that all crops are well man• W.'s 200m mdhind. China Lin Li 2'13.16" aged and properly harvested. W.'s 800m fs. China Yan Ming 8'40.27" This year has seen a bumper W.'s 4x100 mdl.relay China team, 4'11.74" harvest of summer grain crops and early rice, which increased Cycl. W.'s 1km t.tri. China Zhou Lingmei 1'13.899 8.47 billion kilogrammes more than last year. The area sown to M.'s 1km t.tri. Japan Kojima Keiji r06.789 autumn grain crops has been ex• Athle, W.'s lOVm walk China Chen Yueling 44'47" panded, with all crops doing well. M.'s hammer China Bi Zhong 71.30 In addition, cotton, oil and su• W.'s lOOOOm China Zhong Huandi 31'50.98 gar production has been prosper• ous, thanks to the hard work of W.'s long jump China Xiong Qiying 6.69 more than 800 million farmers fencing W.'s foil team China and agrotechnicians, as well as to many effective measures the Tab.Tns. M.'s team S.Korea State Council has adopted to boost grain production. Further• W.'s team China more, heaven has favoured the Tennis M.'s team China farmers. Storage facilities, loopholes in W.'s team Japan state policies and a temporary dif• Golf M.'s ind. Japan Maruyama ficulty for farmers to sell their grain may have some adverse ef• Shigeki 286 fects on grain harvest, and the M.'s team Japan situation in which total demand W.'s ind. S.Korea Won Jae-Sook 303 for grain surpasses its supply will W.'s team S.Korea remain. Granted that the expect• Wgtlif. M.'s 52kg China He Zhuoqiang 255 ed growth of grain becomes a certainty, per-capita grain output M.'s 56kg S.Korea Chun Byung-Kwan 285 this year will run about 25 kilo• NOTES: W.— women, M.— men,bs.breaststroke, fs.— freestyle, mdl.— medley, grammes shorter than in 1984. psl.— pistol, OR.— Greco-Roman style, a.r.— all round, shtg.— shooting, r.t.— The State Council has decided running target, s-;b — small-bore, s.r.— standard rifle, p.— prone, fir. ex.— floor to establish a special state grain exercise, pom.hors.— pommel horse, hors.vau.— horse vault, par.— parallel, storage system, purchasing sur• horzt.— horizontal, bal.— balance, unevn.b.— uneven bars, ind.— individual, plus grain from farmers and guar• sgl.— single, coles.— coxsweinless, l.w.— light weight, rfl.— rifle, ra.— rapid, antee grain production. • tg.— target, bks.— backstroke, tri.— trial, tns.— tennis. i

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 7 INTERNATIONAL

India Upgrades Science, Technology Facing severe competition involving comprehensive national strength, the Indian government has given priority to the development of science and technology with the view of becoming a powerful source of science and technology in the coming century. by Chu Qimen

aving recognized that just 0.23 percent of the gross na• from the government, central or science and technology tional product. In 1982-1983 this local, and the balance from pri• H play a major role in the figure soared to 0.85 percent and vate investment. economic development, the Indi• an government in January 1983 up to 0.96 percent in 1984-1985. The Indian government esta• issued a statement concerning its About 85 to 90 percent of the blished an advisory council for policy on science and technolo• funds directly or indirectly came science under the prime minis- gy. The statement concentrated on the promotion of India's tech• nological development, paying Successful launching of a medium-range missile. XI\HUA close attention to raising the ef- fenciency of importing technol• ogy. In 1985, India adopted the 7th draft plan pertaining to science and technology, aiming to enh• ance self-reliance, help the coun• try's economy to constantly grow and increase labour productivi• ty. Key projects would also be built to accelerate food produc• tion and expand employment op• portunities. To strengthen its scientific and technological basis, the Indi• an government made great ef• forts to increase the technol• ogical capacity in strategic de• partments such as energy re• sources, space, communications, agriculture, birth control and defence, and carried out re• search and development work on frontiers of science in order to play a greater role in the future world technology market. During the fiscal year of 1958-1959, India's research and development expenditures were

8 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 INTERNATIONAL

ter, composed of 18 states that it uses scientific and tech• space technology only nological profession• for peaceful purposes, als. This think tank, not for military af• along with other re• fairs. However, the levant departments, service scope of the helps map out scien• commimications sa• tific and technolog• tellites has extended ical policies. into military areas. In 1986, India es• In agriculture, In• tablished the post dia has cultivated of prime minister's many improved scientific adviser in strains of corps. For charge of appraising example, the wheat reports offered by the crop yield has in• advisory council. creased seven-fold, More importantly, due to the cultivation India regards educa• of high-yielding var• tion as the pivotal ieties of wheat. India factor in realizing has also succeeded modernization and in growing bamboo, consistently places grapes and several education, especially new varieties of beans higher education, as in test tube. a priority. During the India, after its first first five-year plan pilot plant was put period, India's high• into production, has er edcuation's budget become one of the was 140 million ru• few countries capable pees and in the 6th of producing carbon five-year plan, it in• The first test tube baby, born in India. XINHUA fiber which is wide• creased to 4.86 billion ly used in aeronau• rupees. brought positive results in space tics and astronautics. In the area Presently, students enrolled in science, nuclear energy, agricul• of defence, India has designed primary schools and universities ture and defence affairs. and produced a radio fuse for increased in number by three India, to date, has launched 11 igniting warheads and developed and four times respectively than man-made satellites serving var• a new material, which can resist before independence. Scientific ious areas of the national econ• the high temperature caused by and technological workers in• omy, such as communications, high-speed flight, to cover the creased in number a dozen fold. weather forecasting and resource warheads. India has also devel• Before independence, India had prospecting. It has preliminarily oped a medium-range ground-to- 18 universities. In 1985 the fi• formed an independent astron• air weapon system. gure rose to 135. Similarly, the autics industrial system and pos• India has established six nu• number of colleges surged to sesses an army of 15,000 space clear research institutes and an 5,000 from 636 and student po• scientists. It is reported that In• integrated system of nuclear in• pulation grew to 3.4 million dia is accelerating the pace in dustry. The installed capacity of from pre-independence figure of developing a new generation of the current six nuclear reactors 225,000. delivery systems. Experts believe totals 1,154 billion watts. India's Nowadays, India has esta• that India will be capable of nuclear industry can provide 90 blished a series of scientific and launching space shuttles by the percent of equipment or facili• technological institutions em• end of this century or early next ties for nuclear power stations. It ploying 3 million research work• century. is reported that India is planning ers. Currently, India's satellite and to increase its total capacity of Thanks to the above measures, carrier rocket technologies are nuclear power plants to 10 mil• India's science and technology focused on civil services. The lion kilowatts by the end of this have developed rapidly and government also repeatedly century. •

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 9 INTERNATIONAL A Look at US-Soviet Accord to Ban Chemical Weapons by Yi Ping major result of the Soviet- chemical weapons. Union on destruction and non- US summit held in Wash• Rumors also circulated about production of chemical weapons A ington from May 31 to chemical accidents occurring in is composed of ten clauses. There June 3 was the signing of an the Soviet Union although they are also two addenda. One is agreement between Soviet lead• were not often publicized. Ob• about measures to facilitate the er Mikhail Gorbachev and US viously, the giant stockpiles of multilateral convention on ban• President George Bush on the chemical weapons have become ning chemical weapons. The oth• destruction and non-production heavy burdens on the two coun• er concerns prevention of furth• of chemical weapons. It was the tries and led to frequent criti• er proliferation of chemical wea• second arms-control agreement cism by the international com• pons. The main contents of the signed between the United States munity. agreement can be capsulized into and the Soviet Union since the Multilateral talks on banning the following points: 1987 intermediate-range nuclear chemical and biological weapons Destruction of chemical wea• forces treaty. The importance of began in late 1960s. In the 1970s, pons: Each party begins its des• this agreement is that it involves nicknamed the "detente decade," truction of chemical weapons no the elimination of an entire cate• the United States and the Soviet later than December 31, 1992. gory of weapons. Union held a series of disarma• By December 31, 1999, each par• ment talks including banning ty shall have destroyed at least Background. chemical weapons. In addition to 50 percent of its self-declared to• attending the multilateral con• tal quantity of chemical wea• Both the Soviet Union and the vention talks on banning chem• pons. No later than December United States made great ef• ical weapons, representatives 31, 2002, and thereafter, each forts in developing and stock• from the two countries in Ge• party's total quantity of chemical piling chemical weapons during neva Disarmament Committee weapons will not exceed 5,000 World War II and in the 1950s held a round of talks each year tons in terms of toxic agents. Fin• and 1960s. Each country's stock• and reported their progress to the ally, no later than the end of the pile of chemical agents for use committee. The US government eighth year after an agreement in a chemical war has reached suspended the talks after the So• on the international convention 40,000 to 50,000 tons. Along with viet troops invaded into Afghan• on banning chemical weapons is the increase in production of istan in 1979. After resuming reached and put into effect, the chemical weapons, chemical ac• the Geneva disarmament talks in total quantity of each party's cidents in the United States have 1984, the two countries sent spe• chemical agents for weapons also increased. Most noted is cial delegations for bilateral talks should not exceed 500 tons. a chemical accident which oc• and increased their frequen• After the agreement comes curred in 1969 when the US cy from one round to sever• into force, the production of all troops tested nerve gas at a Un• al rounds of talks for each year. chemical weapons shall be ited States testing site in Utah. The progress of the talks acceler• halted. The experiment killed 6,000 ated greatly. By the end of April Inspection: Each party shall goats on a farm downwind of the this year, a total of 15 rounds of allow the other to inspect chemi• testing site. The accident trig• talks had been held. The above cal weapons production facilities gered a public uproar and hot agreement, with the exception of to confirm that production of political debate concerning the some details, was drafted during chemical weapons is not occur• US government's policy on the last session of the talks. ring. Each party shall implement chemical weapons. As a result, continuous on-site inspection of then US President Richard Nix• the other's chemical weapons on made the noted three-point Main Contents destruction facilities and annual• statement declaring that the Un• The agreement between the ly each side will inform the oth• ited States would stop producing United States and the Soviet er as to its plan and practice of

10 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 INTERNATIONAL chemical weapons destruction. defence capabilities of each side. the multilateral convention on Facilitation of the conclusion Their effectiveness, unlike that banning chemical weapons. of multilateral convention on of other weapons, is unpredict• Therefore, it is considered to be banning chemical weapons: the able. This shortcoming greatly a positive step in the area of the two parties will declare their in• reduces their attraction as a wea• world disarmament. tention to be an original party to pon of choice. On the other hand, the US and the multilateral convention and Thirdly, chemical weapons Soviet agreement is not "self- j co-operate with each other and possess a particular antiperson• less." Observers can see its ob• with other states to ensure that nel capability, which does not in• vious questions and deficiencies; all chemical weapons-capable crease but, on the contrary, re• First, the storage life of the states also join the multilateral duce their military significance US and Soviet chemical weapons convention. A special conference to the superpowers. Experts in• stockpiles is half of a century of parties to the multilateral con• cluding Soviets and Europeans now and the effectiveness of vention shall be held at the end note that if chemical weapons these weapons has been greatly | of the eighth year after the agree• are used in a battle between big reduced. Even if they had not ment comes into force, in order powers matching each other in signed this agreement, they to determine whether the partici• strength, the side which uses would have to destroy them, or pation in the multilateral con• them will consider the other risk the danger of toxic contami• vention is sufficient for pro• side's retaliation. In a battle be• nation due to leakage. Actually ceeding in the elimination of all tween large and small countries; in the 1970s the United States remaining chemical weapons. it is not necessary to use lethal built chemical weapons destruc• Nonproliferation of chemical chemical weapons. Thus the op• tion test facilities and began test• weapons: Each party shall prev• portunity to use chemical wea• ing the destruction of these wea• ent the proliferation of chemical pons is minute. pons. In 1983 Washington also weapons, institute export con• Fourthly, the United States invited representatives from doz• trols on the export of chemical and the Soviet Union worry ens of countries to inspect the products and coordinate such about that the proliferation of facilities. The Soviet Union has controls with other nations. Fre• chemical weapons will weaken built a destruction plant in Cha- | quent bilateral consultations will their military strength. More and payevsk near the Volga River. In be held to exchange the informa• more small countries possess and January of last year Soviet For• tion about chemical weapon pro• even use chemical weapons and eign Ministei Eduard Shevard• liferation. the United States and the Soviet nadze declared at the Paris con• Union cannot monopolize them, ference to ban chemical weapons Reasons for Agreement thus affecting their control that his country would imme• over the international situation. diately begin to destroy its chem- | Why were the two countries Therefore, Washington and Mos• ical weapons stockpile. who possess the largest chemical cow jointly need to prevent the Second, the United States and arsenals willing to give up their prohferation of chemical wea• the Soviet Union stated in the | absolute superiority in the field? pons. In fact, when the United provisions of their agreement i Experts who have participated States and the Soviet Union des• that they would destroy the "de- I in international arms reduction troy their chemical weapons, clared" chemical weapons. How• talks generally consider the fol• they will gain strength in their ever, who knows which or how lowing reasons: capability to control the interna• many weapons they declared or First, chemical weapons are tional situation. have in reserve? not an indispensable component Third, the two sides did not of the US and Soviet strategic mention the destruction of prod- : deterrent. Their place in the US Remaining Problems uction facilities currently mak- j and Soviet military strategy can The action of the United ing chemical weapons, only stat• neither compare with nuclear States and the Soviet Union sign• ing that they would monitor and forces nor counterbalance con• ing chemical weapons destruc• control production through on- ventional weapons. The history tion agreements confirms the site inspections. As long as the of arms control has proven that current trends in the internation• production facilities are in per• it is easier to reach agreement in al situation. It meets in part the fect working order, they will be• the field of unimportant arms. desire of the world's people to gin operation at any time. Secondly, the use of chemical abolish chemical weapons. It also Fourth, although the agree• weapons is seriously affected by helps to control the expansion of ment stipulates that the United topography, time, weather and chemical weapons and promote States and the Soviet Union will

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 11 INTERNATIONAL

destroy their respective chemical signatory countries be held to weapons capability or not, the weapons before the end of 1992 discuss whether the conditions United States and the Soviet and reduce their total stockpiles for destroying all chemical wea• Union have the right to veto. To of chemical agents to no more pons have been ripe. The condi• put it bluntly, the two super• than 500 tons, total destruction tions are that if all the coun• powers have the right to decide of their chemical weapons has tries possessing chemical wea• whether they are going to destroy specific conditions. The agree• pons capability sign the conven• all their chemical weapons. From ment clearly suggests that by the tion, the United States and the end of the eighth year when the Soviet Union will destroy their here comes the logical question. international convention on ban• remaining 500 tons of chemical When will humankind really live ning chemical weapons is en• weapons. While judging whether without the threat of a chemical forced, a special conference of a country has possessed chemical war? • Brunei: Oriental Oil Kingdom

by Zhao Jinchuan

egara Brunei Darussalam shore oil exploration began. Cur• es and encourages young people to proclaimed independence rently, two-thirds of the country's study abroad. Brunei citizens en• N on January 1, 1984 and is total oil output comes from off• joy free medical and health ser• well known as the oriental oil shore oil fields. vices and old-age pension. Public kingdom. Because of its rich petro• In 1973, Brunei, together with servants live rent-free and other leum and natural gas resources, Japan and Britain, built the citizens are able to apply for low- Brunei has become the richest world's largest and most advanced interest loans from the govern• country in Asia. Currently, its liquefied natural gas refinery. In ment to buy houses, cars and col• per capita gross national product 1980, estimates showed that 9 bil• our TV sets. The government also (GNP) reaches US$12,000, among lion cubic meters of natural gas provides price subsidies for grain, the highest in the world. were produced. All of Brunei's na• gasoline, water and electricity. The country covers an area of tural gas is exported to Japan. Consequently, Brunei is called a only 5,765 square kilometres with The development and export of paradise in Southeast Asia. a population of 200,000. Accord• oil and natural gas have become Although petroleum and natur• ing to a survey at the end of 1979, the backbone of Brunei's econo• al gas bring prosperity and happi• Brunei had 240 million tons of oil my. Annual income from exports ness to Brunei, the unrenewable deposits. In the 1970s, the contin- of oil and gas has reached US$4.4 resources will at some future date dry up. In light of this, the Brunei I uous rise in oil prices on the world billion, accounting for more than government has begun to diversify i market contributed to the rapid 60 percent of the country's GNP its economy which currently relies development of Brunei's oil indus• and 90 percent of its financial in• only on petroleum. The focal point try. Oil output rose to 12.75 mil• come. In Brunei, three-quarters of of the country's fifth Five-Year lion tons in 1979 from 6.53 million the country's work force are em• Plan of the National Economic tons in 1971. Because of the drop ployed in areas related to oil and Development (1985-1989) was on in oil prices since 1982, the coun• natural gas recovery. developing and strengthening the try's oil output has decreased to The huge wealth generated by agricultural area, especially in 180,000 barrels per day (b/d). petroleum and natural gas has en• Temburong which has a sparse po• However, in terms of per capita oil dowed Brunei to become one of pulation. Meanwhile, the govern• output, Brunei still occupies the the most prosperous welfare coun• ment vigorously develops animal fourth place in the world. tries in the world. Now, Brunei husbandry, and has increased the Brunei's oil industry developed possesses more than 80,000 vehi• output of beef cattle to 7,000 head after the British Royal Duck/Shell cles, 80 percent of which are cars. in 1989 from 400 in 1984, realiz• Group discovered petroleum with Statistics show that each family in ing self-sufficiency. The govern• commercial value in Seria. In Brunei has an average of two cars. ment also increased investments 1932, Brunei's oil output was only Brunei also enjoys a very high to the fishery industry. Moreover, 176,000 tons, but increased to 1.73 wage level and the government presently, the Brunei government million tons in 1947. During the does not impose individual income plans to mine its large deposits of 1950s, annual oil output reached tax. In Brunei, education is free silicon oxide to produce glass and more than 5 million tons, and off- and the government also subsidiz• pottery tile for export. •

12 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 CHINA

Economic Development and Reform in the '90s by Liu Guoguang

s it enters the tions between agricul• 1990s, China will ture and industry, the A continue its effort level of industrial ac• to rectify the economic cumulation should be order and improve the raised and the practice economic environment. of supplementing indus• In the meantime, it will try by underpricing agri• place the issue of dee• cultural products should pening and gradually ex• be changed. The state in• panding the reform vestment in agriculture squarely on the agenda. ^ should gradually reach Reform will be the focus "vH 10 percent of the state of the economic work in total. With regard to the the late period of the relations between the "Eighth Five-Year Plan Liu Gaogoang. light and heavy indus• (1991-95). During the XU£ CHAO try, the heavy industry five years, China will strive to be 6 to 8 percent. Given the les• should develop at a rate 1-2 per• maintain a moderate speed of son that the planned speed was centage points faster than that economic development, with the far surpassed in practice during of the light industry. This is be• efforts devoted mainly to struc• the 6th and 7th Five-Year Plans cause transportation, energy, raw tural readjustment in order to and the national economy was material and other basic indus• create a stable environment and often overheated, the investment tries are comparatively back• foundation (especially the neces• and loan scale should be put un• ward; and the overall technol• sary economic system and me• der strict control. Some macro- ogical level of the national chanisms) for the economic tak• economic warning line, such as economy is too low to satisfy the eoff in the late 1990s and the indexes for growth rates in cur• need of rural industrialization next century. rency issue and investment, which will demand an increasing should be drawn. These limits amount of the means of agricul• will help prevent economic crisis tural production. The change in The Speed and avoid large losses. the structure of consumer goods To quadruple the total agricul• will require an increase in the tural and industrial output value The Structure production of raw materials for of 1980 by the end of this centu• the metallurgical and chemical ry only requires an average 7.2 The imbalance of the indus• industries, and the growth in ur• percent annual growth speed. trial structure has been an out• ban and rural housing con• The task of the first ten years has standing contradiction of the struction will require increased been completed ahead of time economy, and the short supply of amount of building materials. with a 9.5 percent growth rate energy, raw and processed mater• and, for the next ten years, a ials and inadequate transporta• Accumulation, Consumption speed of only 5 to 6 percent will tion have seriously hindered eco• be required. In industry, it will nomic development. Thus, In the 1990s, debt redemption, adjustment of the industrial construction and the improve• The author is deputy director of the structure should be the core of ment of the people's living stan• Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. economic development in the dards will be the main tasks. new decade. In terms of the rela• While it will not be as easy as it

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 13 CHINA was in the 7th Five-Year Plan to blished while appropriately in• that the austerity programme is get loans from foreign countries, creasing the ratio of fund accu• checking the reform. Fourth, the more debts will have to be paid mulation controlled by the cen• abrupt changes which occurred off in this period. Thus the accu• tral government. in economic growth several times mulation rate has to be reduced. in the past were due mainly to According to the level of nation• The Reform such mistaken policies as a de• al income created by every 100 sire for quick results and also to yuan of accumulation in the 6th The general view is for reform drawbacks with regard to me• and 7th Five-Year Plans, a 30 to be the core of the economic chanisms. At present, the correct percent of accumulation rate in work in the middle and late guidelines for the economic con• the 8th and 9th Five-Year Plans stages of the 8th Five-Year Plan, struction have been formulated. will ensure an increase in the na• so as to pave the way for large However, mechanisms which can tional income by 5 to 6 percent development in the 9th Five- fuel swelling investment and and, at the same time, give plen• Year Plan and in the next cen• consumption are still there. ty of room for the readjustment tury. Slackened effort to rectify the of the industrial structure. Dur• The reason for this is that, economic order and improve eco• ing the 8th Five-Year Plan, the first, the difficulty of quadru• nomic environment will lead to total amount of consumption pling the total agricultural and such expansion again. Accord• funds should increase along with industrial output value of 1980 ingly, in addition to sticking to the national income, but the in• by the end of this century lies in the policy of economic readjust• crease of the average income per structure and efficiency, not in ment, the present task is to ov• capita should be lower than that speed. If the shortcomings in eco• ercome the shortcomings in the of national income. In the early nomic structure and mechanism system and the mechanisms and stage of the 8th Five-Year Plan, can not be overcome, then effi• thus strengthen the reform. nominal wages should catch up ciency and structure will not im• During the 8th Five-Year Plan with the price increase but the prove. Second, according to the period, the possibility for streng• actual living standards may de• present political task, stability is thening the reform is shown by crease a little due to a time lag. the most important measure of the fact that the policy of econo• In the later stage, nominal wages success and economic stability is mic readjustment has begun to should exceed the price increase the basis of any social and pol• achieve its desired outcome, that rate by 2 or 3 percentage points itical stability. On no account the contradiction between gener• in order to improve people's liv• should we seek short-term stabil• al demand and general supply ing standard. ity at the expense of long-term has been alleviated, and that the Today China not only stresses stability. Sometimes, short-time economic environment is easing governmental accumulation, as stability will conflict with the up. A favourable environment in the past, but also emphasiz• need for long-term stability, for reform is appearing. For ex• es social accumulation, paying which can be seen in the relation• ample, the recent adjustment of equal attention to both. Due to ship between a rise in the ratio passenger transportation prices the shortage of funds, savings of financial accumulation funds and of the exchange rate didn't deposits should be increased by managed by the central govern• greatly disturb the economy. calling for hard work and thrift ment and the enthusiasm of local Taking advantage of the situa• and maintaining an appropriate government as well as the rela• tion, the reform of the macro- interest rate. Various fund ac• tionship between a price freeze management, market and enter• commodation methods should be and price reform. To promote re• prises should be accelerated, and developed to multiply capital form and develop the economy, the scale of a new, planned com• funds and collect resident sur• long-term stability is the key. modity economic system grad• plus purchasing capacity.' This Reform, then, is a key link. To ually expanded. will ensure that the "tiger in seek stability, especially long- the cage," which may attack the term stability, without paying market at any time, will become close attention to reform is the Problems a stable accumulation resource. same as climbing a tree in order During this economic readjust• In order to support the develop• to catch a fish. Third, as in• ment, the central government ment of basic industry and the flation has been basically con• will lay more emphasis in central important technological renova• trolled, some administrative planning than a few years ago. tions a fund accommodation me• methods should be reduced in or• This is necessary because during chanism favourable for capital der to accelerate the reform and the previous reforms, the extend• concentration should be esta• dispel foreign misunderstanding ed local power has weakened the

14 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 CHINA central authorities' ability to ex• or the 8th Five-Year plan. At the This is because before these lines ercise macro-regulation and con• same time, we should streng• were bought, the long-term and trol. Generally speaking, in a then and improve administra• often changing trend of market period of normal development tive planning so as to better inte• supply and demand had not been and reform, macro-management grate the planned economy and researched, nor had the law of should be carried out by indi• market regulation. value been adequately consi• rect regulation unlike the direct There are many theories con• dered. The idea of analyzing means used in the past. cerning the form of integration. planning and statistics on the This means making greater use No matter how the planned econ• basis of the law of value, put of market mechanisms. In con• omy and market are combined, forward in 1956 by Shun Yie- trast with the traditional system the law of value should be res• fang, a famous economist, still which excluded market mechan• pected. This is the key to econo• has value today. Of course, his ism, China's reform is market- mic development. Decision mak• proposition was not identical to oriented, which, however, does ing which does not take into ac• the law or market value. Now we not reject planning guidance and count the law of value will re• advocate respect for the law macro-control. Past reform has sult in failure. The government of market value, so that the achieved welcome success in above the county level has had bringing market mechanism into this administrative right to con• planned economy can be success• full play, but failed to properly sider and approve fixed asset in• fully combined with market re• integrate plan and market, which vestment. Even though the 113 gulation. In this way, the nation• leads to confusion. Presently, we colour TV and 97 refrigerators al economy can be continuously should continue to promote the production lines now in opera• developed, stability maintained market-oriented reform in order tion in China were imported with and macro-management gradual• to straighten out prices and mar• government approval, they have ly shifted from direct to indirect ket mechanism in the later stage shown unsatisfactory results. regulation. •

SIDELIGHTS ON THE ASIAD: Taster, Higher, Stronger^

by Our Staff Reporters Lou Linwei and Wei Liming

ince the opening ceremony from Korea, Japan, India and unusual stamina and endurance of the Asian Games in Bei• Thailand to win the champion• in training and made remark• S jing on September 22, the ship with a total score of 165 kg, able progress. At the 1988 World various competitions have got• tying the world record. She also Women's Weightlifting Cham• ten well under way. In the spirit beat her own world record of pionship, she set three world re• of "faster, higher and stronger," 92.5 kg by lifting 95 kg in a jerk. cords in total scores and in the all the athletes displayed the best Xing Fen, 1.50 metres tall, 44 kg snatch and jerk. of their skills. was born into an ordinary farm• Women's weightlifting is a er family in Qiongshan County, new event for the current Asian Women Weightlifters Hainan Province. At the age of Games. Chinese women weigh• nine, she was admitted into a tlifters have not only scored well On the afternoon of Septem• sports school in Hainan for in Asian competitions, but have ber 23, 17-year-old Xing Fen of splint training. Early on, her also shown their prowess in China won the first Asiad gold coach discovered she had strong world weightlifting competi• in the 44-kg women's weightlift- potential in weightlifting and re• tions. ing competition. In both snatch commended that she concentrate At the Second World Wom• and jerk, she beat six contestants on that training. She displayed en's Weightlifting Champion-

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,19<»« 15 CHINA Yingtung Swimming Hall at Yong again grabbed a gold med• the Beijing Olympic Sports al with a score of 2:01.43 min• Centre as Chinese swimmer utes, a new Asian record. Zhuang Yong beat her own In the 100-metre men's frog Asian record of 55.38 seconds style, Chinese athlete Chen Jian- by .08 of a second (55.30 se• hong, 19, considered to be the cond), winning the first gold strongest Asian contender for in the swimming contest men's frog style swimming, de• of the women's 100-metre feated two tough Japanese rivals freestyle final. to win a gold medal with a score Zhuang Yong was born in of 1:2.60, beating his own Asian 1972 into a Shanghai worker record of 1:2.94 minutes. family. Although her parents In the women's 400-metre in• could not swim, the name dividual medley, Chinese contes• they gave her in Chinese tant Lin Li broke her own Asian means "swimming." She be• record of 4:45.69 minutes by gan learning to swim at the 4:39.88 minutes. Lin Li's frog age of five, entered a sports style was quite strong and clear• XU XIANGJUN school at seven and was re• ly demonstrated her physical Li HongUng wins the gold medal in wom• cruited into a Shanghai swim• strength. In 1989, her 200-metre en's weightlifting (82.5 kg class). ming team at 13. At the 24th individual medley record earned ship held in Jakarta, Indonesia, Olympic Games in Seoul, she her the rank of second place in in 1988, for example, China's and the other team members the world, and her 400-metre in• nine athletes in the competition chalked up the best Asian record dividual medley score placed her garnered 26 out of 27 gold med• for the women's 4 x 100-metre sixth in the world. In the wom• als. freestyle relay. In 1989, her best en's 200-metre frog style contest At the current Asian Games, 100-metre freestyle record was held on September 24, Lin Li following Xing Fen's win of the 55.38 seconds, ranking second was an unexpected winner. She gold in the 44 kg women's weigh• worldwide for the year, and her and Huang Xiaomin, another tlifting, Chinese women athletes best 200-metre freestyle record Chinese athlete, had both went on to win gold medals in was 2:01.44 minutes, ranking pledged to win the champion• the competitions for the 48 kg, 14th in the world. ship prior to the competition 52 kg, 56 kg, 60 kg, 67.5 kg, 75 The following day in the wom• but, while Huang Xiaomin had kg, 82.5 kg, and above, scooping en's 200-metre freestyle, Zhuang been at the van all the way, Lin all nine golds for the women's weightlifting competition. Women contestants from oth• Chinese women gymnastics team title winners. TANG MENGZONC er Asian countries and regions also demonstrated their weigh• tlifting skills. Japan's Saito Sa- tomi and Haseba Kumi took sil• ver medals, respectively in 44 kg and 67.5 kg events. Ni Chia-ping and Chen Shu-chih from China's Taibei also won a silver medal, respectively, in the 56 kg and 75 kg events. India's Singh Bharti and Datta Jyotsna each earned their country a silver medal in the 82.5 kg and 82.5 kg plus com• petitions. Swimming At 7:30 on the evening of Sep• tember 23, cheering shook the i« BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 1990 Beijing 11th Asian Games Art Festival

Artists playing a set of chime bells, an ancient Chinese musical instrument. Eastern Java dance presented by Indonesia.

The dance Galloping pre• sented by China's Central Institute for Nationalities. Long drum dance performed by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

A scene from Taiwanese op era Chi-Kung the Livirii Buddha presented by th Chinese Taipei.

A scene from Maidens in A Piece of Land Beside the Huang he (Yellow) Riv• er presented by China's Shanxi Provincial Song and Dance Theatre. 4 • \^ Dance drama presented by China's Guangxi Zhanjiang Song and Dance Ensemble.

Solo dance presented by the Class• ical Dance Troupe of the People's Republic of Mongolia.

A scene from ballet Ro• meo and Juliet presented by China's Central Ballet Troupes. Masked Warrior Attendants of Buddha from Imitation of Tang Mu• sic and Dance presented by China's Shaanxi Provincial Classical Arts Troupe.

The Thai artists rehearsing. photos by CHEN ZONGLIE, XU XIANGJUN, XUE CHAO, YANG LIMING, LAI HAILONG and PI DA WEI Li kept up a steady, uniform mo• 293.65 of China's men's gymnas• performance reminded one of Li tion in the rear. In the final 50 tics team outnumbered the Ja• Ning, the "prince" of free gym• metres, she won the first placing panese team by 4.15 points. At nastics and so he is nicknamed with a bold sprint, chalking up the Seoul Olympiad in 1988, the "Little Li Ning." ^ a new Asiad record of 2:30.79 Chinese team lost to the Ja• Commmenting on China's per• minutes. panese, but China's total points formance at the Asiad Games, The strong Japanese team exceeded Japan's by 3.75 points Li Ning said that the Chinese gave an unusual performance in in last year's world champion• team, composed of old and new the swimming contest. Takahiro ship. The South Korean team gymnasts, has finally rid itself of Fujimori won Japan its first gold won third place with a total the shadow of the Seoul Olym• at the games, winning the men's 288.350 points. piad. He predicted that the 400-metre individual medley in When Chen Cuiting, 17, lead• Chinese team will maintain its 4:26.10 minutes, a new Asiad re• er of the Chinese women team, leading position in Asia for sev• cord. appeared on the team-free exer• eral years and will be in a very In the climax of the men's 4 cise floor to the accompaniment strong position for the 1992 X 200-metre freestyle relay, the of the song "Ode to the Yellow Olympic Games. Chinese team tried unsuccessful• River," the spectators were cap• Several young athletes of the ly to catch up with the leading tivated by her beautiful move• Chinese team, among them Li Japanese team. It placed second ments, so like the rolling Yellow Yifang, Li Li and Li Xia- with a score of 7:30.44 minutes River, which she exhibited. The oshuang, all exhibited the ma• as the Japanese team streaked to four umpires unanimously and turity of their skills. Li Yifang first place in a new Asian record simultaneously displayed scor• was a runner-up in women's all- time of 7:30.34 minutes. ings of a full 10 points. Free round and balance beam event, Ji Sang-Joon from South Ko• exercise is perhaps Chen Cuit- Li Xiaoshuang the men's all- rea took away the gold medal in ing's best event. In the team, all- round third and free exercise the men's 200-metre backstroke. round and free singles' event, champion and Li Li won a silver her full ten points were no sur• medal in uneven bars, her su• prise. She handily took the wom• perb movements catching the Gymnastics en's all-round title in the current eye of all spectators. In the team and individual all- Asiad, a gold medal in free ex• The women's team of the De• round gymnastics competitions, ercise and a silver in vaulting mocratic People's Republic of Chinese men and women teams horse. Korea was particularly notewor• pocketed all four golds. This is Chinese men's team member thy for its achievements. In team the fifth time Chinese men Li Jing won the all-round title events they got a total runner-up and women gymnastics teams and a gold medal in vaulting score of 195.075 points, only scooped the gold of the Asian horse. Li Jing's highly skilled 1.7 points less than the Chinese Games. The total points of movements and smooth and easy team and defeating the South

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 21 CHINA Korean team by a margin of one Liu Hong—broke their own Gymnasium. Amidst the flash of point. As a whole, they' were Asian record of 2:06.22.5 hr. (set swords, 23-year-old Tak Jeong- quite strong and, with their firm at the Seoul Olympic Games) in Im of South Korea took away and steady movement, seldom the men's 100 km team event by the women's gold from the hands made mistakes. It was clear they a time of 2:04.55.8 hr. along the of the Chinese team. Prior to had trained hard to cope with Beijing-Miyun Highway to win the tournament, the well-known the difficult movements. the event's gold. Prior to the con• Chinese players Xiao Aihua and Kim Gwang Suk, 15, won the test, the South Korean team, re• E Jie, had vowed to win the bronze medal in the women's garded as one of two strongest, championship. In the end, how• all-round event, silver medal in was elbowed out of the runner- ever, they took a silver and uneven bars and bronze medal up position by the "dark horse" bronze respectively. in balance beam. Although she displayed a dazzling, difficult Mongolian team. Since the fencing event was movement in uneven bars event, Four Mongolian cyclists de• first included in the Seventh the gold medal went to Fan Di of monstrated their strength in the Asian Games in 1974, the event the Chinese team who received a last 25 km sprint, riding with was untested by Chinese conten• full ten points. increasing speed to gain back 14 ders. This year on September 25, The well-known Chang Feng- seconds and thus finished the however, the men's individual chih of China's Taibei team race with a score of 2:6.52.25 hr. gold for fencing fell into the grabbed two bronze medals in After the race, the four clearly hands of Ye Chong, a 20-year- pommelled horse and vaulting elated contestants wept for joy as old Chinese from Shanghai, af• horse even though it was the first they embraced their coach. ter fierce contests among the 27 time that he participated in an Ten years ago, Asian teams contenders from 11 delegations. event such as the Asian Games. finished the 100-km race with a Ye beat Kim Seong-Pyom, a score of 2:17 hr. Today, the four South Korean player and last teams from China, South Korea, year's fencing champion. On the Contesting Grounds Mongolia and Japan all finished In the competitions between On the morning of September within 2:10 hr., the first three September 23 and 26, the 24, the Chinese cycling team, beating the previous Asian re• Chinese team pocketed all 14 composed of all the champions cord. gold medals for rowing competi• of the Chinese team at the last On the evening of September tions which took place on Jinhai Asian Games—Tang Xuezhong, 24, the fencing competition Lake on the outskirts of Beijing. Guo Zaichen, Wu Weipei and took place in Beijing's Guangcai spectators cheei on the wlnneis. XUE CHAD

m

22 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 CHINA Galaxy of Exhibits Adds Luster to Asiad by Our Staff Reporters Hong Lanxing and Wei Liming n the eve of the Ihh Asian Games, the Asiad Organ• Oizing Committee, with an eye to presenting foreign visitors China's ancient cuhure and ex• quisite arts and crafts, sponsored a large cultural display in Bei• jing. As a part of the Asiad Art Festival, the more than 50 ex• hibitions were unprecedented in the annals of international sports competitions. These diversified exhibitions mirrored China's ex• Ox Opening Up the Wasteland (bronze), tensive and profound cultural ac• complishments. the latest achievements made by Chinese Coins at the embrasured Chinese academic circles in their watchtower over the Desheng research of Confucius' disciples Gate in Xicheng District prov• A Time-Honoured Culture and the history of Confucianism. ides visitors with an historical ac• The last part of the exhibition count of the development of Chi• The exhibition on Confucius describes the influence of Confu- na's coinage. China began to (551-479 BC), China's great phi• cius and his thoughts throughout trade commodities using pearl, losopher and educationist, is the world and the work of Confu• jade, stone, cotton cloth and housed in Guozijian (Imperial cius research institutions in var• shells as currencies 3,600 years College), the center of feudal ious countries. ago and, about 3,000 years ago, China's educational administra• The Exhibition of Valuable began to use gold, silver, copper, tion, to the west of the Confucius Relics is held at the same place. iron and lead for minting. Paper Temple. Confucianism, the body The relics, covering the period money began to be used in the of ethics and standard of conduct from the Neolithic Age to the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Many pursued by China's feudal socie• end of the Qing Dynasty (1644- of the exhibits were contributed ty, held sway for several thou• 1911), are the treasures among the by their collectors. sand years. Many other lens of thousands of relics collect• The Big Bell Temple in Haidi- countries, particularly China's ed by the Capital Museum. A an District, an historical site, now neighbouring Asian countries, feast for the eyes indeed the show houses the Exhibition of Relics also followed Confucianism. The included a galaxy of jadeware of Unearthed from Xianyang Pa• exhibition's aim is to promote the Neolithic Age, gigantic and lace of Qin Shi Huang, the first cultural exchanges between the beautiful bronzeware of the emperor of the Qin Dynasty who peoples of various Asian coun• Shang and Zhou dynasties (cir. unified China, The 6.75-metre tries. 16th century-221 BC), rustic cer• high, 46.5-ton king bell built dur• Tracing the life of Confucius amics of the Qin and Han dynas• ing the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and the development of China's ties (221 BC-220 AD), amazing is on display. Confucianism, the exhibition sys• paintings and calligraphy of The magnificent Xianyang Pa• tematically reviews and appraises the Tang and Song dynasties lace built by Qin Shi Huang is Confucius' life and his historical (618-1279) and dazzling gold and reproduced in a photo exhibition. contributions through many pho• silver ware and jewelry of the The exhibit include floor tiles tos, relics and historical do• Ming and Qing dynasties (1368- with exquisite geometric pat• cuments. The exhibition recalls 1911). It is a dazzling display of terns, hollow bricks-with the de• the origin, rise and decline of the brilliant ancient, Chinese cul• sign of a dragon and phoenix, Confucianism and the role it ture and the outstanding artistic and large roof tiles—all remains played in various historical per• creations of the Chinese people. of the palace which reflected Chi• iods. It also gives an account of The Exhibition of Ancient na's superb fine arts, sculpture

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 13 CHINA perfectly shaped and attractive tists Shen Gu, Xu Wei, Wen chimes have pure tone colour and Zhengming, Qiu Ying and Dong accurate sound volume. To enter• Qichang of the Ming Dynasty tain visitors, the museum has in• and famous fine art masters of vited musicians of the Hubei the Qing Dynasty who represent Provincial Museum to play the varied schools and diverse sub• replica of the 2,500-year-old ject matters. The exhibits also in• court musical instrument during clude precious stone inscription the Asiad. rubbings, glass and lacquer ware, The Exhibition of Exquisite ink slabs and artistic seal cuttings Arts and Crafts of the Ming and made of quality stones. Qing Dynasties is sponsored by The Chinese Seal Cuttings Ex• the Liulichang Culture Street in hibition in the 400-year-old Wan- Xuanwu District, an area known shou (Longevity) Temple in Hai- world-wide for its shops which dian District is a selection of sell ancient books, antiques, fa• seals and seal materials of differ- mous artists' calligraphy and ent periods and styles. They are paintings, w/iting brushes, ink representatives of China's tradi• sticks and ink slabs. On display tional seal cutting technique—an are more than 400 pieces of valu• art which combines the skills of able arts and crafts of the Ming poetry, calligraphy, painting and and Qing dynasties. The exhibit engraving. The exhibits include of gold, stone, porcelain and pot• seals with vigorous, rustic en• A facial mask of "nuo" diama. tery wares includes elegantly gravings of the Qin and Han dy• shaped but rustic, coloured nasties (products of the orthodox and architectural techniques of glazed ceramics from famous school), seals of Wei, Jin, South• more than two millenniums ago. kilns of the Ming and Qing dy• ern and Northern dynasties Also on display are standard nasties. The exhibits include de• (220-581) and seals of Tang, Song measuring tools and weights licate blue and white porcelain and Yuan dynasties (618-1368), as which were used following Qin with vivid patterns, Jianci porce• well as seals carved by artists Shi Huang's unification of China, lain as white as jade, lush green since the Ming Dynasty with au• exquisitely made bronze vessels, Longquan (Dragon Fountain) thentic works of noted calligra- double-blade bronze dagger axes, porcelain, resplendent multi• phers and painters. hexahedral daggers and a bronze colour porcelain, and blue, yel• sculpture of the head of a war• low, red, white, black, green, Also on display in the temple is rior. The exhibit displays Qin Shi famille rose, and enamel colour the Exhibition of Silk and Em• Huang's historic achievement in porcelains. An exquisitely made broidery of the Ming and Qing unifying China and the talent gold-plated copper image of Bud• dynasties which shows the splen• and wisdom of the labouring peo• dha is also on display. The collec• did silk and embroidered arts and ple of ancient China. For the first tion of treasury paintings in• craft of the Ming and Qing dy• time, the exhibition reveals to clude masterpieces of noted ar• nasties. The exhibit presents the domestic and foreign visitors the silk weaving and embroidery results of the archaeological stu• dy of the 2,000-year-old Xian- The painting of 87 fades (Tang Dynasty). yang Palace. The exhibits also include a re• plica of a set of chime bells unearthed in Hubei Province in 1978. An important discovery of China's archaeological study, the set dates back to the Warring States period (475-221 BC). The replica, remarkably true to the original and retaining its acoustic characteristics, has its tone set on the basis of 12-tone equal temper• ament in order to better suit the needs of stage performances. The

24 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 CHINA skills of China, known as the home of Oriental silk and the kingdom of dress, during that period. The silk products of the Ming Dynasty, for example, dis• play the dress materials and or• naments for emperors. The silk cover of Tripitaka was a product of the early Ming Dynasty and required the use of more than 30 materials. The more than 200 de• signs on the silk cover feature both the patterns of the Ming Dynasty and unique styles of the Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties and is a reflection of the consum• mation of China's silk weaving techniques during the Ming Dy• nasty. The silk and embroidered A glimpse of Suzhon Street at the Sommer Palace. products of the Qing Dynasty on display are highlighted by the lected by Xu Beihong at the Xu reconstruct the Suzhou Street in dragon robe of Emperor Qian- Beihong Museum. The 89 exhi• 1986 based on information in long (1736-1795) which, repre• bits are masterpieces chosen from the royal archives and using the senting the highest weaving and among 1,200 paintings collected foundations of old buildings as a embroidery skill of the time, is by Xu, a fine art collector and guide. The street is now restored regarded as one of the most valu• an outstanding artist in his own to its original design. Along the able treasures of China's silk and right. They include such state 300-metre river bank, there are embroidered arts and crafts. treasures as the 87 Fairies paint• many old-style shops, including The 3,035-year-old city of Bei• ed by Wu Daozi of the Tang Dy• a private bank, a tea house, a jing is an internationally famous nasty, paintings of figures, flow• pawnshop, and silk and cloth, cultural city whose residents ers, birds and landscape of the hat, footgear, wine, traditional have their unique style of diet, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dy• Chinese herbal medicine and pas• clothing, housing, means of tran• nasties, and representative works try shops. At nightfall, the street sportation, wedding and burial of noted modern artists such as is ablaze with 400 court and folk ceremonies and recreational ac• Ren Bonian, Qi Baishi and Zhang lanterns specially made to order tivities. The Exhibition of the Daqian. These works are being in Suzhou. The exquisitely made Folklore of Old Beijing at the shown for the first time to the antique lanterns bear the paint• watchtower of Zhengyang Gate public. ings of flowers, birds, insects and to the south of Tiananmen dis• The Asiad Art Festival also in• fishes and the calligraphy of an• plays some 700 pieces of relics, cludes a variety of celebrations in cient poems. According to Wei models, historical photos and re• parks. The Suzhou Street in the Guangzhi, manager of the Sum• plicas which portray the lives of Summer Palace is one of the new mer Palace, the street boasts 64 Beijing dwellers in the late Qing attractions. shops, 19 decorated and memorial Dynasty and the early Republic The Suzhou Street was built archways, and two scenic spots. It of China (1911-49). Visitors may during the reign of Emperor takes more than an hour to stroll don the clothing of old Beijingers Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty along the street where visitors and have photos taken in front of (the mid-18 century). It was said can watch performances given by a bridal chamber or the central that Qianlong had the street built a pingtan (storytelling and ballad room or study of a traditional in order to allow the Dowager singing in Suzhou dialect) troupe Beijing house or in a bridal sedan appreciate the scenery of ihc riv• from Suzhou. chair or mule-drawn carriage. ers and lakes south of Changjiang People who are interested in (Yangtze) River without ventur• Cultural, Art Shows famous ancient Chinese paintings ing out of the Summer Palace. may visit the Exhibition of Paint• The street, however, was des• Beijing's long-standing cultural ings of Famous Artists of Tang, troyed by the British-French Al• and artistic traditions, ancient ar• Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dy• lied Forces in 1860. chitecture, folklore and customs nasties and Modern Times Col• The Summer Palace began to are the precious heritage of the

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, W90 25 CHINA Chinese nation and the source of ture the different genre and artists' creation. The Exhibition artistic schools throughout of Oil Paintings of Beijing's Folk• China. lore and Traditional Chinese Although oil paintings Paintings in the Beijing Workers' entered China just 70 years Cultural Palace presents the lives ago, landscape oil paintings of old Beijingers and the royal have developed rapidly in family at the end of the Qing China in the last decade. Dynasty in a display of nearly The First Invitational Ex• 200 paintings. hibition of Landscape Oil The Exhibition of Contempor• Paintings held in the Mu• ary Chinese Paintings sponsored by the Beijing Fine Art Academy seum of the Chinese Revo• is a collection of masterpieces lution to the east of Tian• from nearly 200 professional ar• anmen Square displays the tists of five fine art academies in outstanding works of old, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong, middle-aged and young ar• Shaanxi and Beijing. Represent• tists from the 1920s to the ing China's highest contemporary 1990s. The China Folklore sutta fine art skills, these paintings fea- Oil Painting Exhibition at Streamers (oil painting). the watchtower of Desheng Gate The Grand View Garden in displays a variety of masterpieces southeast Beijing, built according from different genre and schools. to the imaginary setting in Chi• The Exhibition of China's na's famous classic A Dream of Modern Sculpture Art at the Red Mansions, perfectly reprod• Military Museum of the Chinese uces the elegant garden con• People's Revolution displays 144 ceived by Cao Xueqin, the au• modern sculptures collected by thor. The Cultural and Art Ex• the China Art Gallery. They in• hibition of the Dream of Red clude sculptures of China's an• Mansions held in the Grand cient poets Qu Yuan and Li Bai, View Garden shows the clothing, noted Chinese and foreign fi• lanterns, sculptures and models gures Lenin, Juan Antonio Sa• made according to the classic sto• maranch, Zhou Enlai, Lu Xun ry and related books, calligraphy, and Zhang Daqian. Many won paintings, data, photos and video prizes at major domestic and in• tapes. ternational exhibitions. The larg• The Exhibition of Precious In• est sculpture exhibition ever held ternational Gifts at the Museum since the founding of the Peo• of the Chinese Revolution is a ple's Republic, it represents Chi• testament to the extensive con• na's highest accomplishments in tacts and exchanges between the modern sculpture. people of China and the world At the Exhibition of China's since the founding of New China. Exquisite Arts and Crafts, the On display are a large number of many splendid pieces of brocade, valuable gifts presented by lead• world-famous white and blue ers of foreign countries and non• porcelain from Jingdezhen, stone governmental organizations and carvings from Shoushan of Fu- celebrities to Chinese leaders and jian Province, Beijing engraved government organizations. They lacquer ware, porcelain sculp• include a wooden sculpture of a tures from Shiwan of Guangdong fiddler from New Zealand, an Province and numerous other ivory sculpture from Mali, a arts and crafts with unique local wood carved dinner set from the flavour demonstrate the several Soviet Union, a porcelain eagle thousand years of cultural histo• from the United States, a wooden An ivory scolptare, gift ry created by China's gifted and sculpture of a woman in a sitting from Mali. diligent craftsmen. posture from Western Samoa, a

26 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 CHINA

silver sailing boat from Spain and thing and everyday articles troduces the lives of Zhuang, other exquisite works of arts and which help visitors know some• Yao, Tujia, Gaoshan and five crafts. thing about the lives of herdsmen other minority nationalities In addition, there are seven on the Inner Mongolian grass• through a large collection of rel• sports exhibitions. China Sports land and about the primitive ics, including ancient bronze Exhibition introduces visitors to fishing and hunting lives in the drums and gongs, the dugout the sports of ancient, contempor• Greater Hinggan Mountains. canoe of the Gaoshan nationali• ary and modern China, national The exhibit area for northwest ty, meticulously made brocades and folk physical culture, and China displays the lives of the 14 of the Zhuang, Li and Tujia na• the newly built gymnasiums and ethnic groups in Ningxia, Gansu, tionalities, all kinds of musical stadiums for the 11th Asian Qinghai and Xinjiang. instruments, clothing and every• Games. The Fine Art Exhibition The exhibit for southwest day articles. of China's Sports, the Artis• China mirrors the lives of 25 eth• Clothing constitutes an impor• tic Photo Exhibition of Chi• nic groups living in Tibet, Si• tant part of minority national na's Sports, the Photo Exhibition chuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. culture and so an exhibition of of Asian Sports and the Stamp The exhibits include each minor• clothing and ornaments of Chi• ity nationality's production tools, Exhibition of International na's minority nationalities is held everyday articles, tools made of in the Zhihua Temple. On dis• Sports reflect, from the artistic stone, wood and bamboo, the mo• viewpoint, the vigorous develop• play are holiday bests, wedding del of a Wind and Rain Bridge suits, everyday clothing, child• ment of sport activities in China found in villages of the Dong and the rest of Asia. ren's dress, and clothes of an• nationality, utensils for religious cient, contemporary and modern ceremonies, a pictograph of the times made of leather, fur, silk, Ethnic Culture, Art Naxi nationality, musical instru• brocade, rough cloth and flax ments, clothing and ornaments. strings. Most are hand-made. From the exhibit, visitors learn China is a unified multi• Due to the varied geographical something about the clothing, national country With 56 nation• location and economic and cul• food, housing, means of transpor• alities. During its prolonged his• tural differences between various torical development, each nation• tation, wedding and burial cere• monies, festival celebrations, cus• ethnic groups, the texture, style ality has created its own bril• and colour of the clothing of each liant culture. Engaged in lives• toms and beliefs of these minori• ty nationalities. nationality have distinctive fea• tock breeding, farming, fishing tures—Manchu's cheongsams are and hunting in varied natural en• The exhibit area for central bright-coloured; Tibetans' robes vironments and under different south and southeast China in- present a bold and unrestrained historical conditions, they have style; Lisu people's home-made each had exceptional achieve• rough cloth blouses and skirts ments in production skills, as• have a natural look, and the tub• tronomy, medicine, architecture, ular skirts of Dai women are sim• culture and art, and formed, ple yet elegant. The most attrac• thereby, their respective cus• tive exhibit is the holiday best for toms and national dispositions. Miao women, clothing which is Through voluminous captions, adorned with several dozen sil• photos and other objects, the Ex• ver ornaments and embroidered hibition of Culture and Art of flowers, plants, insects and fish• China's Minority Nationalities at es. The set is said to cost nearly the Cultural Palace of Nationali• 10,000 yuan. Also on display are ties introduces the origin of each more than 700 everyday articles ethnic group, their traditional oc• and arts and crafts, including cupations and culture. Gaoshan nationality's garments The exhibit of traditional cul• decorated with sea shells, jackets ture of China's minority nation• made of several layers of cloth alities is divided into nine parts for wrestlers, bridal garment of based on the geographical loca• the Hui nationality, silver orna• tion of the ethnic groups. I he ments of Tibetans and Mongoli• exhibit area for northeast Chin.i ans, bark ware of the Oroqen na• tionality, batique, woven and Inner Mongolia displaji .1 products, cross-stitch work, yurt and a dugout canoe, prod• A-Miao nationality holiday best adorned embroidery and artistic swords. • ucts made of birch barks, clo- with silver ornaments.

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 27 CHINA

Beijing Festival Aglow With Oriental Art

by Our Staff Reporter Hong Lanxing

ust as the sun set on Septem• the heroine, whose beauty and Department of Yunnan Province ber 1, the lights strung about grace has won the heart of the is a display of more than 400 sets Jthe ancient cypress trees in emperor. of national costumes and 1,000 Beijing's Workers' Cultural Pa• There are also a number of song clothing ornaments of the 55 na• lace to the east of the Palace Mu• and dance renditions which bring tionalities in the country. The per• seum began to glow. The park the audience back to scenes of formance also demonstrates for was crowded with people, both hundreds and even thousands of the audience the traditional way Chinese and foreign, waiting for years ago. They include the Dance of donning clothes. the grand occasion. to the Accompaniment of Bell Mu• Chi-Kung the Living Buddha is When the time came, 70 trad• sic popular during the Warring a dance drama by Taiwan artists. itionally dressed, muscular men States Period (475-221 EC), Imi• Each of the three performances of from Zhending County, Hebei tation of Tang Music and Dance Taiwan folk acts, during which Province, danced into the area and the full-length The Best the warmth of the audience beating drums. The din of their Poems From the Tang and Song moved many Taiwan artists to Dynasties. Back to the Days of drum beats and the public's cheers tears, had capacity audiences. Qing Prosperity, performed by the was an enthusiastic announce• The long drum dance per• Beijing Song and Dance Ensem• ment of the beginning of the formed by artists from the Peo• ble, recreates the court life of the I Asian Games Art Festival, ple's Republic of Korea has im• early period of the Qing Dynasty j During the art festival, a gala pressed the audience with its joy• in the mid-17th century. Oriental art event that will contin• ous, delightful mood. ue through October 7, a total of 60 The items created after China's All the performers of the Roi Et music, dance and opera perform• liberation still enjoy some popu• Dance Troupe of Thailand wear ances will be given in local larity. They include Teahouse by long gold nails and their finger theatres. the Beijing People's Art Theatre, movements, gracefully soft, por• The Death of a Salesman directed tray an eerie and unusual sense of Chinese artists have brought to by Arthur Miller, and Huanghe beauty. the festival a rich repertoire, per• River Cantata by the Central The Japanese artists bring to formed by both state troupes such Philharmonic Society. the festival their traditional folk as the Central Philharmonic So• The ballet Romeo and Juliet is art coin-drum performance. A ciety and the China Peking Opera a joint production of the Cen• dozen older women in wasuku Troupe and local troupes such as tral Ballet Troupes and Norman hold clubs which contain coins, the Puppet Troupe from Jiangsu Walker. The ballet adapted from the dazzling waving of which Province's Rugao County. Shakespeare's masterpiece of the make the instruments resonate The opera singing performances same title makes the tragedy even sonorously. by a score of famous artists are more so with its moody classical The Seoul Metropohtan Dance among the best available. These and modern choreography. Theatre entertains the audience masters represent a variety of op• Performance given by Anhui with their deftly executed tradi• eras such as Peking opera, farmers, Xinjiang Uygur singing tional performances. Shanghai's kunju, Hebei Prov• and dancing, Korean dance dra• The performance given by ince's pingju and bangzi, Henan ma, Manchu dance drama and Mongolian artists impresses the Province's yuju, and Sichuan many other local performances audience with their robust and Province's Sichuan opera. They have proven to be a hit during the buoyant movement. The Indone• include Mei Baojiu, son of the festival. They impress the audi• sian artists show themselves quite venerable Peking opera master ence with their neat and polished adept at hand and foot move• Mei Lanfang, who stars as an at• execution of the stories' theme ments. The musical instrument tractive cMicubine of a Tang Dy• and their lively, earthy folk renditions given by Pakistan per• nasty (618-960) emperor. His per• dances. formers turn out to be a mixture formance takes the audience by East Roseate Clouds performed of Western and Oriental cultures. storm. His performance displays under the aegis of the National The Macao folk artists bring to the whole range of emotion—love, Culture Department of the Minis• the festival a dance drama im• anger, despair and happiness—of try of Culture and the Culture bued with a Portuguese flavour. •

28 BEIJING REVIEW. OCTOBER 8-14,1990 BUSINESS/TRADE

Chinese airplane of this type re• ceived such an appraisal. A product of the Harbin Air• Imports and Exports Decrease plane Manufacturing Co. Ltd., the aircraft was built in accord• According to statistics pub• i Asian Nations and the Soviet ance with US aeronautical de• lished by the General Customs i Union. signs. It is a light, multi-purpose Administration on September ! During this period, the main- monoplane, powered bv two 20, China's total volume of im• I land sold Taiwan US$170 mil- PT6A-27 engines with 5,300 kg ports and exports from January i lion worth of commodities, an of maximum landing weight, to August registered US$68.35 I increase of 244 percent com• 7,000 metres of maximum flight billion, a decrease of 2.04 per• pared with the same period last altitude and 1,360 km of maxi• centage compared with the same year, and brought from Taiwan mum flight range. Its passenger model has 17 seats and a maxi• period last year. Of this figure, i US$1.17 billion worth, a slight mum payload of 1,700 kg. It can exports accounted for US$36.27 I decrease. take off and land on rough run• billion, up 15.3 percent, while I Also, in the same period, Chi- ways and its various models can imports accounted for US$32.08 1 na's exports to South Korea be used for passenger transpor• billion, down 16.3 percent. I were worth US$424 million i while its imports US$393 mil- tation, agriculture and fores• Between January to August, try, photography and geolog• China's imports and exports \, respectively up 125.5 per• cent and 49.1 percent from the ical surveys. were favourablly balanced at same period last year. • As the first civil airplane to be US$4.18 billion. However, with awarded with the certificate of imports and exports not paid quality by the Civil Aviation in foreign exchange considered, Yun-12 Airplane Administration of China in the actual deficits were US$6.84 Gets a Certificate 1985, the Yun-12 airplane was billion. i first exported in 1986. In order During this period, the bulk \s Yun-12 airplane, a lo promote export, China in 1987 commodities whose export vol• j product with a growing foreign formally applied to the CAA ume surpassed US$400 mil• : market, recently received the of Britain for the certificate of lion included aquatic prod• 1 certificate of quality from the quality and succeeded after a ucts, cereals, canned food, crude I CAA of Britain, the first time a two-year inspection and experi- oil, refined oil, cotton cloth, polyester-cotton blend, silk and satin; the commodities sur• passing US$400 mil• lion in import volume are cereals, refined oil, fertilizer, rolled steel, automobiles and their chassis. Hong Kong is the mainland's biggest trading partner. The total volume of bila• teral trade during this period amounted to US$24.35 billion. The next largest trading partners are Japan, the European Economic Community, the Unit• ed States, the Asso• ciation of Southeast

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 29 BUSINESS/TRADE

: ment period. ries. Their annual export vol• US$9 million, the new joint Now, eight Yun-12 aircrafts ume comes to 70 million pieces venture will produce computer I have been exported to Thailand, which enjoy brisk sales in 52 work stations and software. The i Sri Lanka, Nepal and Laos. In countries and regions. More Ministry of Machine-Building addition, many foreign business- than 60 kinds of colour glazes and Electronics Industry has I men have expressed a great in• developed and produced by the listed the company under its terest in it. • Zhangdian Ceramic Factory, for Eighth Five-Year Plan period example, can be used to decorate (1991-1995) programme for de• : Zibo's Projects elegant and fine stoneware. It veloping the computer industry. exports 20 million pieces of such To Be Updated stoneware a year. With the computer work sta• As one of 12 silk producers tions and software as its major Foreign businessmen are in- and exporters in China, Zibo ex• products, the venture will im• i vited to join the technical trans- ports US$30 million worth in port from Hewlett-Packard I formation of 275 major projects more than 250 designs in 40 ca• products for computer work sta• of 248 old enterprises in Zibo, tegories a year. Its Kimono, dou- tions and relevant production : central of Shandong Province, pion silk, spunsilk doupioni and technology by means of technol• ! announced at the Zibo Ceramics silk sibbon enjoy brisk sales on ogy transfer, and turn out com• Art Festival held from Septem- the international market. The puter work station products to I ber 5 to 11. Zibo No.2 Silk Mill imported satisfy the domestic market and Han Xinmin, mayor of the four electronics jacquard looms develop a foreign market. : city, said that the items in• last year. As a result, the time China-Hewlett-Packard is the volve petrochemicals, medicine, needed for changing from one third joint venture to co-operate 1 machinery, electronics, metal• design to another decreased with Hewlett-Packard in the lurgy, building materials, tex- from one months to three days, production of computer work : tiles, silk, ceramic, light in• satisfying the need of the inter• stations. The other two are the dustry, plastics industry, com• national market. Samsung Company in South merce, and food and side-line Zibo can now produce 270 Korea and Hitachi in Japan. It products processing. The city kinds of export goods in six is also the second joint venture government will provide foreign large product lines - chemicals, Hewlett-Packard has established investors with preferential treat• medicine, light industrial prod• in China following the esta• ment in tax and, land-use fees ucts and textiles, arts and crafts, blishment of Chinese Hewlett- and, guarantee the supply of building materials, farm prod• Packard Co. Ltd. in 1985. • raw materials. In particular, for• uce and side-line products. The eign investors are encouraged to city expects to export 800 mil• China, WFP set up their own factories and lion yuan worth of products this their lawful rights and interests year. Work on Ecology i will be guaranteed. In order to attract more for• Since Zibo was designated an eign investment, the city will es• An ecological project aimed at open city in March 1988 by the tablish a five-square-kilometre increasing green vegetation and state, its economic activities chemical export zone and high• controlling soil erosion has been with foreign countries have rap• tech technology processing zone. successfully completed in the idly developed. It has 48 pro• by Feng Jing city of Chaoyang, a dry and jects using foreign funds with a poor mountain area in northeast j contracted value of US$67 mil• China. lion. Of the 27 foreign-funded Hewlett-Packard's The project, dubbed "China enterprises, some 13 have been Second Venture 2772 item, " was a co-operative put into operation. The city has enterprise between China and imported more than 100 pieces The US company of Hewlett- the World Food Programme. It of technology and equipment Packard signed an agreement on began on April 1, 1986 and was worth US$130 million. September 21 with the Shanghai designed to last for five years. The city, whose traditional ex• East China Computer Corp. to Liu Enming, official of port commodities are ceramics establish the China-Hewlett- Chaoyang city hall in charge of and silk, has a dozen ceramic Packard Information Technolo• the project, said that more than producers including the Boshan gy Co. Ltd. 100,000 farmers participated in i and Zhangdian ceramic facto• With a total investment of the construction. In a period of

30 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 814, 1990 BUSINESS / TRADE four years and five months, a China's help has brought in a China to purchase 360 automo• total of 25 million workdays harvest. By May 1990, the or• biles at the China Foreign Eco• were spent on afforesting 47,590 chard yielded some 5,700 kg of nomic Relations and Trade Ex• hectares, including 1,700 hec• apples, earning US$36,500 high• hibition held in Moscow in tares of shelter-forest on farm• er than the original investment. June. land, 2,550 hectares of shelter- This orchard is located on • The Chengdu Aircraft In• forest on fodder areas, 18,300 high elevation at low latitudes. dustry Co. undertook to produce hectares of water and soil con• The high density and two crops cockpits for planes built by the servation and 25,040 hectares of a year are unprecedented in the McDonnell Douglas of the Un• fire wood forest as well as 22,- world. The orchard offers Ecu• ited States. The assembly work 950 hectares of grasslands. The ador the way of developing fruit on the first cockpit began re• acreage covered with trees and orchards on tropical plateaus. cently. According to the con• grass rose from 27.6 percent in In addition, Chinese experts tract signed by China and the 1985 to more than 41.5 percent have also helped Ecuador build United States in July 1988, the this year. peach, apple, pear and plum or• Chengdu company will produce Seven townships in the project chards, fruit tree nurseries, six 100 cockpits for McDonnell zone, for example, have been demonstration farms and family Douglas between 1991 and 1993. "completed" by planting trees gardens, China has helped train The first cockpit is expected to and flowers. Another 11 town• more than 1,500 people in fruit be delivered to the United States ships are 80 percent worded. tree farming knowledge. The in February 1991. Analysis indicates that the run• training class has become a de• off in the area decreased 65 monstration centre for fruit tree • More than 230 kinds of heat percent and that silt deposits planting in Ecuador. shrinkable materials developed decreased by 72 percent. The In order to further promote and produced by the Heat amount of eroded soil was re• the development of local fruit Shrinkable Materials Factory of duced from 811 tons to 227 tons tree planting technology, China Changchun Applied Chemis• on an average square kilometre and Ecuador have agreed to try Research Institute of the per year. Wind speed in the area continue the co-operation for Chinese Academy of Science en• was also much lower. two more years. In addition, joy brisk sales in Southeast The construction of the pro• China will help Ecuador esta• Asian countries, Taiwan and ject promoted the development blish a fruit storage and market• Hong Kong. of animal husbandry. About 131 ing centre. Qi Cuizhen, director of the fodder grass processing points, by Li Wanming factory, said that the heat which can provide 34,585 tons shrinkable materials, new high• of quality fodder annually, have News in Brief tech products made by China, been completed. Considerable can be used to connect and re• progress was made in horse, pair fittings of oil, air and wat• mule, donkey, ox, sheep, pig, • The Qingdao People's Gov• er pipelines as well as damaged rabbit, hare and poultry breed• ernment recently announced the cables and pipings. In addition, ing. transfer of land-use rights for 11 heat shrinkable film can be plots of state-owned land. These After a full inspection of the widely used to package various plots include six plots for indus• project area, an official of the foods. Some products are up to try, one for a golf course, two WFG Public Affairs and Publ• advanced world standards and for residential quarters and two icity Section, said the project in won prizes at the national for office buildings. The term China is the best of all I have science and technology confer• of transfer is 40, 50, 60 and 70 ever seen in more than 40 coun• ence. Others won state invention years respectively. tries. • prizes. • The Tianjin Mini-Car As• In order to carve up a bigger Agricultural Aid to sembling Factory exported 25 Dafa miniature automobiles to share of the international mar• Ecuador Pays Off the Soviet Union for the first ket for such products, the facto• time. The vehicles were shipped ry is seeking sales agents and is The high-density and to Moscow in September. A So• willing to set up joint ventures 0.2-hectare apple orchard in viet machine import and export or to produce in co-operation Ecuador designed in 1988 with company signed a contract with with foreign countries. •

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 31 CULTURE / SCIENCE

a life of beauty." Tchaikovsky was among the China Commemorates Tchaikovsky ' first Western musicians introd• uced to China. Early this centu- n China's musical circles, the | Romeo and Juliet, ballets The r>, some Russians came to some great Russian musician Pe- | Nutcracker Suite and The Swan \g cities of China like Shanghai I ter Ilich Tchaikovsky |\ and selected tunes from to teach and perform the works (1840-1893) may sometimes be I Tchaikovsky's operas. of Tchaikovsky as well as other | affectionately called "Lao Chai" ! Music lovers on hearing news i musicians. In the 1950s, Soviet | in the way the Chinese often re• of the performances, crowded musicians were invited to teach fer to their close friends. concert halls to enjoy the capti• ; in China, while Chinese students May 7, 1990, the 150th anniv- i vating music created more than like Li Delun were sent to study ersary of the birth of Tchaikov• a century ago. In the front hall music in the Soviet Union and sky, was named' by UNESCO as of Haidian Theatre, where some East European countries. Over a ! the "Year of Tchaikovsky." As of the concerts were held, a pho• long period, the Moscow Tc'hai- } in other places all over the to exhibition was held in memo• kovsky International Music \ world, China held various com• ry of Tchaikovsky. The photos i Competition held every four memorative activities, mainly I gave audiences some acquaint• ^ years was by and large, Chi- concerts, to cherish the memory ance with the life of "Lao Chai" I na's only access to world mu- of this outstanding musician. and the popularity of his works ; sic. Many Chinese young musi- In Beijing begirming in May, as the result of their many pre• I cians were awarded prizes at the two leading Chinese music socie• sentations in China. ' competition, and even today, it ties—the Orchestra of the Cen• Li Delun, a 73-year-old con• holds a strong attraction for tral Philharmoic Society and the ductor and a major organizer Chinese music lovers. Orchestra of the Radio Philhar• of the concert scries, said, "In With the exploration and de• monic Society—each held con• China, the works of two Western velopment of China's own na• cert series commemorating musicians are played most often, tional music and the increasing Tchaikovsky. one is Beethoven and the other is exchanges in the field of music The Orchestra of the Central Tchaikovsky." between China and the outside Philharmonic Society was joint• In 1987 at the "Spring of Bei• world since the late 1970s, con• ly organized by China's Ministry jing Symphony," a philharmonic cert halls can now present the of Culture, China's Musicians' orchestra composed of 800 play• Chinese people with music of | Association, the Chinese Peo• ers from the Central Philhar• various schools, historical per• ple's Association for Friendship monic Society and a few other iods, and styles from many coun• with Foreign Countries and the music societies, performed the tries. Such concerts may come Sino-Soviet Friendship Associa• I8J2 Overture before an audi• ; and go, but "'Lao Chai" is greet- tion, Li Delun, Han Zhongjie, ence of 20,000. This grand per• • ed perennially by audiences with Yuan Fang, Tang Mohai, Tan formance still lingers in the enthusiasm and anticipation. Lihua and Shi Shucheng served minds of those who heard it, \y Feng Jing as its conductors. Guest conduc• Tchaikovsky's works are loved tors were invited to direct con• by the Chinese for their rich im• certs given by the Orchestra of agery, deep feeling, strong his• I Probing Painters the Radio Philharmonic Society. torical sense, distinct national i Hold a Show They included Reiner Poix from character and moving, unfor• France, Veiga Jardim from Bra• gettable melodies. n exhibition of over 70 zil, Yuzo Toyama from Japan "In my youth, 1 knew Bee• paintings by young Nanj• and Anto Sharoev from the So• thoven and Mozart first. But la• A ing painters Kong Liuq- viet Union. ter I was deeply impressed ing, Zhang Lei, Wang Changfu On the repertoire were Tchai• by Tchaikovsky," recalled Li. \d Zhang Qian was held at the kovsky's Symphony No.l, Sym• "Tchaikovsky had a far-reaching Gallery of the Chinese Painting phony No.4, Symphony No.5, influence on me. In those days, Research Institute in Beijing re• Symphony No.6 (or the Pathe- China was suffering both pover• cently. tiqiie). The First Concerto for ty and war. It was the spirit of Famous painters Wu Zuoren, Piano in B Flat Minor, Violin Tchaikovsky's music that greatly i Liu Boshu and art critic Gu Concerto in D Major, Cappriccio encouraged me and strengthened Sen visited the exhibition and Italien, the fantasy overture of my determination to struggle for praised their works highly.

32 BEUlXi; REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 CULTURE / SCIENCE Liu Boshu, president of the Chinese Painting Research Insti• tute, remarked that Kong Liuq- ing's fine, detailed brushwork (known as gongbi paintings) is dignified, deep, and expresses fine taste, breaking away from the two adverse trends of stiff• ness and vulgar colouring of to• day. His work gives the impres• sion of wide imagination, solid skill, and richness, and variety of technique in the pursuit of art. Liu Boshu hoped the painter would continue probing along these lines because he had esta• blished his own style. Chinese painting master Wu Zuoren thought that Kong's painting was profound without loosing its elegance and that the painter is adept at finding appeal in nature and a life-like atmosphere in a quiet scene. He has broken away from the conventional gong• bi style of meticulous artistry ZH/1\ where an artist fills in colour LEI after drawing outlines with a tude towards art, and highly as• freely and easily. Wu Zuorcn fine brush. Gu Sen appreciated sessed his refined treatment of considers this kind of painting the painter's detailed observa• subject matter and artistic con• rare, fresh and interesting. Gu tion of life and his serious atti- ception. Sen thought his painting possess• es strong modern feeling. He is Liu Boshu commented that sensitive to the achievements of Ute FaU. KO.VG LIUQING Zhang Lei's figure sketches are modern art, merging and absorb• unique among other ordinary ing its good points but not using Chinese ink and wash figures. it wholesale or mechanically. He He likes to seek expressions and is adept at using the composition movements of ordi• nary people and an• imals which evoke endless interest. This combination of shapes produces paintings full of strangeness in com• position. They are in• teresting, fresh and free, showing the painter's versatility. What is more pre• cious is Zhang Lei's solid skill in figure painting as shown in his sketches and trad- itonal Chinese paint• ings when he paints

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14, 1990 33 CULTURE / SCIENCE of modern art to portray human , and our national traditional cul• the-spot investigations about the beings in communion with na• ture. Of course, we cannot say Peking opera schools in China's ture. This breakthrough has that we have found them. There• north and south, according to opened up new vistas in visual fore, sometimes our styles may Xu Lingyun, chief scenarist of sense in Chinese sketch painting. seem changeable. If we feel that the TV series. This undoubtedly is a correct di• an old style is not good, we can The programme is being greet• rection and one which should be change to another." ed with anticipation by a cross followed. by Wei Liming section of the theatre-going publ• Wu Zuoren thought Wang ic. In the past half year, the Changfu's mountain and river Peking Opera shooting and production team paintings are rich in new ideas has received congratulatory let• but not strange. He pays atten• Series for TV ters and telegrams from Peking tion to portraying art concep• opera lovers in Taiwan, Hong tions and his paintings are worth TV series, China's Peking Kong, the United States and Ja• seeing. Liu Boshu said he can Opera Art, is being shot in pan, who have expressed support Beijing. Its aim is to pres• not only absorb plain compos• A and co-operation. erve some of this precious histor• ition of modern art but also This year is the 200th anniver• ical heritage and to acquaint the merge traditional Chinese ink sary of the formation of Peking world with Peking opera. and wash technique into his opera. The shooting and produc• According to Li Jing, leader works. The two combine very tion team is striving to finish the of the shooting and production well; although the painting may first two parts before the end of team, the series, when complet• be small, there is a lot in it. Gu the year. ed, will be composed of ten ma• by Yu Yang Sen considers that his painting jor aspects of Peking opera: the style is strict but not vulgar, Origin of Peking Opera; Peking deep in conception and rich in Opera Stylization; its Theatrical Jiangsu Rebuilds the attractions of Eastern art. Costumes; Decor; Music; its Re• Legendary Bridge Zhang Qian who works at the pertoire; the Peking Opera Art Research Institute of the Schools; the Four Noted Dans ihe "Bridge of the Twenty- China Art Research Department (i.e.four popular actors playing Four," much celebrated by exhibited paintings of Buddhist female leads) in Peking Opera; T Chinese literati, was re• scenes and of minority women Peking Opera's Development cently rebuilt in Yangzhou, wearing silver ornaments. His and Its Influence Abroad. Be• Jiangsu Province. art conception comes from sides, Li said, there are 30 to 40 As the story goes, the bridge the Buddhist classics, Tibetan additional parts presenting ex• was first buih in the sixth cen• Buddhist statues and traditonal cellent performances by Chinese tury during the Sui Dynasty Chinese frescoes, besides being and foreign Peking opera artists, (581-618). It provided a pleasur• influenced by paintings of the both professional and amateur. able site for the entertainment of modern school. Specialists con• Employing original and novel Emperor Yang Di while on a sider that he has gained much methods, the series will try to visit to Yangzhou. With a bright from probing into Eastern spirit reproduce stage performances as moon above, his favourite con• and modern form, and has com• presented by late Peking opera cubines gathered there to join bined them relatively skillfully. masters as well as living veteran him in merry-making. A bevy of The four-man joint exhibition Peking opera artists, and also 24 beauties played tunes on the reflects the many ways young show the work of promising Xiao (a vertical bamboo flute) to Chinese painters were influ• young Peking opera performers add to the festivities; hence the enced as they probed into mod• of various schools. origin of the bridge's name. ern Western art. They came into Over the half year since its The new "Bridge of Twenty- contact with a large number of establishment, the shooting and Four," built in the shape of a highly recommendable painting production team has collected crescent moon, is 24 metres long. styles and schools but were still and sorted out a vast amount of The bas-relief statues of 24 beau• confronted with the problem of valuable materials. It has delved ties stand by both flanks playing how to combine them with trad• into first-hand archives concern• the Xiao. Lying adjacent to some itional Chinese culture. Painter ing institutions of the Qing Dy• traditional Chinese pavilions Zhang Qian said, "We are seek• nasty (1644-1911) in charge of and other structures, the bridge ing those methods that can best opera presentation at the imper• adds another dimension to the express our own modern thought ial court, and carried out on- attractive scene. •

34 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 8-14,1990 Engravings by Farmer Xiong Qiu

Born in Sichuan Province in 1963, Xiong Qiu, a farmer of Qijiang County, Sichuan Province, was influenced by embroidery and batik art of the Miao nationality. He creates engravings which express such \ basic characteristics as innocence and simplicity with smooth yet vivid strokes.

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