DOCSLIB.ORG

Articulatory Phonetics in the English Languaje Pronunciation Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Articulatory Phonetics in the English Languaje Pronunciation Development ARTICULATORY PHONETICS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAJE PRONUNCIATION DEVELOPMENT RECIBIDO EL 26 DE ABRIL DE 2018 - ACEPTADO EL 12 DE JUNIO DE 2018 ARTICULATORY PHONETICS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAJE PRONUNCIATION DEVELOPMENT wilson Gonzalo Rojas Yumisaca Nancy Georgina Rodríguez Arellano MAGISTER EN DOCENCIA UNIVERSITARIA Y MAGISTER EN EDUCACION A DISTANCIA Y ADMINISTRACIÓN EDUCATIVA ABIERTA [email protected] [email protected] Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH) (ESPOCH) Riobamba-Ecuador Riobamba-Ecuador Nanci Margarita Inca Chunata MAGISTER EN DOCENCIA UNIVERSITARIA Y ADMINISTRACION EDUCATIVA RESUMEN [email protected] Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo El presente proyecto de investigación “La (ESPOCH) Fonética Articulatoria en el Desarrollo de la Riobamba-Ecuador Pronunciación del Idioma Inglés” tuvo como objetivo principal determinar si el uso de la Fonética Articulatoria ayuda al mejoramiento María Guadalupe Escobar Murillo de la pronunciación del Idioma Inglés y MAGISTER EN DOCENCIA UNIVERSITARIA Y también describir los sonidos del lenguaje, ADMINISTRACIÓN EDUCATIVA vocales y consonantes, mediante su forma de [email protected] producción y clasificación, acento y entonación; Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo además de, realizar una intervención dentro (ESPOCH) del aula y analizar los datos obtenidos antes y Riobamba-Ecuador después de la misma; finalmente concienciar en el estudiante la necesidad de adquirir conocimientos relacionados con Fonética Articulatoria para mejorar su comunicación oral · 152 · BOLETÍN VIRTUAL-JULIO-VOL 7-7 ISNN 2266-1536 ARTICULATORY PHONETICS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAJE PRONUNCIATION DEVELOPMENT mediante el uso del Idioma Inglés. Este estudio and analyze the obtained data before and after descriptivo tuvo un abordaje cuali-cuantitativo a it. Finally, it is aimed to socialize the necessity través del cual se desarrolló un estudio cuasi- of improving English pronunciation development experimental basado en este se trabajó con through the learning of Articulatory Phonetics dos grupos de estudiantes: el grupo de control issues; in this way, they would enhance their con 121 estudiantes y el grupo experimental English Language oral communication skills. con el mismo número de estudiantes los This descriptive research is focused on quali- cuales no fueron escogidos aleatoriamente. La quantitative approach and for the consecution investigación además, fue de campo ya que of its goals, a quasi-experimental research is se realizó la intervención de los investigadores developed. Quasi-experimental research had dentro del aula de clase así como también el tipo two groups of students to implement Articulatory de investigación fue bibliográfica documental. phonetics: the control group, which was formed La población del presente estudio estuvo by 121 individuals and the experimental one with conformada por estudiantes de seis paralelos the same number of students. Both, the control del sexto nivel del Centro de Idiomas de la and the experimental groups of students were not Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo chosen randomly. Besides, this investigation was en la ciudad de Riobamba durante el periodo focused on field research since the researchers académico Octubre 2017 – Marzo 2018. Para la made a class intervention. Furthermore, it was recolección de datos, se aplicaron dos pruebas a bibliographical research as well. The population los dos grupos de la población: una entrevista de was formed by 6 groups belonging to third English pares antes de la intervención y otra después de level in Language Center at Escuela Superior la misma. Con los datos obtenidos y tabulados, Politécnica de Chimborazo during the period la verificación de las hipótesis fue realizada con October 2017 – March 2018. For collecting data, la prueba matemática T de Student. Por lo tanto a pre and a post-test were taken by the students se concluye que los estudiantes mejoraron su before and after the researchers’ intervention. pronunciación del Idioma Inglés mediante el Pre and post-tests consisted in a pair oral uso de la Fonética Articulatoria y se recomienda interview. With the obtained and analyzed data, enfatizar estos temas en la planificación the researchers verified the hypothesis with T didáctica para motivar una correcta producción Student mathematical method. The obtained oral del Idioma Inglés. results showed that students did enhance their English language pronunciation development Palabras claves: Fonética Articulatoria – with the use of Articulatory phonetics in the Pronunciación – Acento – Entonación – Sonidos researchers’ intervention. Accordingly, it is highly del Lenguaje. recommended to emphasize those topics within the didactic class planning in order to encourage ABSTRACT students to pronounce correctly for a better The present research “Articulatory Phonetics communication. in the English Language Pronunciation Development” is aimed to determine whether Keywords: Articulatory Phonetics - Articulatory phonetics use enhances English Pronunciation - Accent - Intonation - Sounds of Pronunciation development or not; to describe speech. the sounds of speech, consonants and vowels, through their manners of articulation and points of articulation, stress, and intonation; besides, to develop a teacher’s intervention within the class · 153 · BOLETÍN VIRTUAL-JULIO-VOL 7-7 ISNN 2266-1536 ARTICULATORY PHONETICS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAJE PRONUNCIATION DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION Phonetics is considered the most prominent problem in terms of oral communication. English students are generally quiet and shy and have a The present study titled “Articulatory Phonetics sense of fear due to their pronunciation mistakes; in the English Language Pronunciation consequently, they have low self-esteem and Development” has as its main objective poor social interaction because of pronunciation, to analyze whether the use of Articulatory stress, and intonation problems which widely Phonetics enhances the English pronunciation. affect their conversation skills (Zhang & Yin, The research surveys valuable data based 2009). on Articulatory Phonetics, organs of speech, sounds of speech, vowels, consonants, stress In Ecuador English pronunciation is a big problem. and intonation. It was developed for a deficient The Ministry of Education is demanding a B1 pronunciation was detected. Furthermore, or B2 level at Universities, written English and understanding to each other was almost oral English are two different things (O’Connor, impossible because of this problem. 2009); in Ecuador there are pronunciation problems. For example, there is an influence of Spanish sounds in uttering English words (Olivo, This research focused in a quasi-experimental 2016). Besides, Ecuadorian students emphasize research because Articulatory Phonetics was that pronunciation is the most difficult issue at applied in classes to the Experimental group the moment of learning; similarly, Ecuadorian of students for improving their pronunciation English teachers remark that uttering English development. It centered on a quali-quantitative words and the fear of making mistakes are big approach as well. Pre and Post-tests were the problems in class settings (Gonzalez, et al., applied instruments. This process was extremely 2015). motivating because it allowed the researchers to try another way of teaching English from a different perspective. It was accomplished The present research is focused on the lack of through the implementation of a proposal for Articulatory Phonetics knowledge that influences helping in students’ pronunciation development. a low level of English pronunciation development of students in Ecuador, and especially at PROBLEM IMPORTANCE Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH). This problem has four causes and English language is considered as the default their consequential effects. one or even the only language at meetings around the world (Northrup, 2013); therefore, it is the most important language around the First, there is a poor English pronunciation world because it is used in business, tourism, development which was evidenced in the technology, and science among other fields diagnostic exam before starting English classes. (Crystal, 2003). However there are some Students tend to pronounce English words just problems at the moment of performing oral like they write. Sometimes, they pronounce communication due to bad pronunciation; half of the word or change sounds. To face this consequently, it is important to analyze what problem, teachers do not help their students happens in the world, in our country, and at nor provide feedback. As the consequence of Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. it, students have an inadequate pronunciation level; while speaking practice students do not English pronunciation problems stop oral seem interested but anxious. They get shocked communication around the globe. In China, when struggle with oral communication or stop · 154 · BOLETÍN VIRTUAL-JULIO-VOL 7-7 ISNN 2266-1536 ARTICULATORY PHONETICS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAJE PRONUNCIATION DEVELOPMENT talking because they feel that their listeners do they just repeat drills in the class hour. Benjamin not understand them at all (Zhang & Yin, 2009). Franklin quoted in Frost (2012) remarked: “Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn”; this is totally true On the contrary, teachers want their students because students must practice pronunciation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On Phonetics and Phonology: a Broad-Termed
    On Phonetics and Phonology: A Broad-Termed Comparison and Contrast between Broad and Narrow Transcription Name: Pouria Ebrahimi E-mail: [email protected] Takestan Azad University (M.A.) Feb. 2010 Page | 1 Abstract As a subfield of linguistics, phonetics and phonology have as their main axis the concern of articulation of sounds; that is, how human beings produce speech. Although dated back over 2000 years ago, modern contributions of scientists and scholars regarding phonetics and phonology have involved various fields of science and schools of thought such as philosophy, physiology, psychology, and even American structuralism. So, in line with all this, this study starts with a general view toward phonetics and phonology holding the view of early contributors and the role of aforementioned sciences and schools of thought. Then, thru representing figures and tables, this study continues to consider two major aspects of the filed—namely broad and narrow transcription. A broad-termed comparison and contract between the two, this study aims to imply, indicates the former transcription harmful to the same extent, if not more one should like to emphasize, it could be of assistance. It is because it does not represent the exact subtleties of phonetics and, thus, prevent the person from achieving a native-like pronunciation. Key words: phonetics, phonology, broad transcription, narrow transcription Page | 2 Introduction Phonetics is the study, investigation, and description of sound system in a given language. Articulation of sounds is mostly concerned with the movement of speech organs including lips and tongue; but this is just the beginning. To investigate and describe sound systems, one needs to pierce deeper where other organs and factors are in play.
    [Show full text]
  • Pg. 5 CHAPTER-2: MECHANISM of SPEECH PRODUCTION AND
    Acoustic Analysis for Comparison and Identification of Normal and Disguised Speech of Individuals CHAPTER-2: MECHANISM OF SPEECH PRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Anatomy of speech production Speech is the vocal aspect of communication made by human beings. Human beings are able to express their ideas, feelings and emotions to the listener through speech generated using vocal articulators (NIDCD, June 2010). Development of speech is a constant process and requires a lot of practice. Communication is a string of events which allows the speaker to express their feelings and emotions and the listener to understand them. Speech communication is considered as a thought that is transformed into language for expression. Phil Rose & James R Robertson (2002) mentioned that voices of individuals are complex in nature. They aid in providing vital information related to sex, emotional state or age of the speaker. Although evidence from DNA always remains headlines, DNA can‟t talk. It can‟t be recorded planning, carrying out or confessing to a crime. It can‟t be so apparently directly incriminating. Perhaps, it is these features that contribute to interest and importance of forensic speaker identification. Speech signal is a multidimensional acoustic wave (as seen in figure 2.1.) which provides information about the words or message being spoken, speaker identity, language spoken, physical and mental health, race, age, sex, education level, religious orientation and background of an individual (Schetelig T. & Rabenstein R., May 1998). pg. 5 Acoustic Analysis for Comparison and Identification of Normal and Disguised Speech of Individuals Figure 2.1.: Representation of properties of sound wave (Courtesy "Waves".
    [Show full text]
  • LINGUISTICS 221 LECTURE #3 the BASIC SOUNDS of ENGLISH 1. STOPS a Stop Consonant Is Produced with a Complete Closure of Airflow
    LINGUISTICS 221 LECTURE #3 Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology THE BASIC SOUNDS OF ENGLISH 1. STOPS A stop consonant is produced with a complete closure of airflow in the vocal tract; the air pressure has built up behind the closure; the air rushes out with an explosive sound when released. The term plosive is also used for oral stops. ORAL STOPS: e.g., [b] [t] (= plosives) NASAL STOPS: e.g., [m] [n] (= nasals) There are three phases of stop articulation: i. CLOSING PHASE (approach or shutting phase) The articulators are moving from an open state to a closed state; ii. CLOSURE PHASE (= occlusion) Blockage of the airflow in the oral tract; iii. RELEASE PHASE Sudden reopening; it may be accompanied by a burst of air. ORAL STOPS IN ENGLISH a. BILABIAL STOPS: The blockage is made with the two lips. spot [p] voiceless baby [b] voiced 1 b. ALVEOLAR STOPS: The blade (or the tip) of the tongue makes a closure with the alveolar ridge; the sides of the tongue are along the upper teeth. lamino-alveolar stops or Check your apico-alveolar stops pronunciation! stake [t] voiceless deep [d] voiced c. VELAR STOPS: The closure is between the back of the tongue (= dorsum) and the velum. dorso-velar stops scar [k] voiceless goose [g] voiced 2. NASALS (= nasal stops) The air is stopped in the oral tract, but the velum is lowered so that the airflow can go through the nasal tract. All nasals are voiced. NASALS IN ENGLISH a. BILABIAL NASAL: made [m] b. ALVEOLAR NASAL: need [n] c.
    [Show full text]
  • Phonological Use of the Larynx: a Tutorial Jacqueline Vaissière
    Phonological use of the larynx: a tutorial Jacqueline Vaissière To cite this version: Jacqueline Vaissière. Phonological use of the larynx: a tutorial. Larynx 97, 1994, Marseille, France. pp.115-126. halshs-00703584 HAL Id: halshs-00703584 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00703584 Submitted on 3 Jun 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Vaissière, J., (1997), "Phonological use of the larynx: a tutorial", Larynx 97, Marseille, 115-126. PHONOLOGICAL USE OF THE LARYNX J. Vaissière UPRESA-CNRS 1027, Institut de Phonétique, Paris, France larynx used as a carrier of paralinguistic information . RÉSUMÉ THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE LARYNX Cette communication concerne le rôle du IS PROTECTIVE larynx dans l'acte de communication. Toutes As stated by Sapir, 1923, les langues du monde utilisent des physiologically, "speech is an overlaid configurations caractéristiques du larynx, aux function, or to be more precise, a group of niveaux segmental, lexical, et supralexical. Nous présentons d'abord l'utilisation des différents types de phonation pour distinguer entre les consonnes et les voyelles dans les overlaid functions. It gets what service it can langues du monde, et également du larynx out of organs and functions, nervous and comme lieu d'articulation des glottales, et la muscular, that come into being and are production des éjectives et des implosives.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Acoustic and Articulatory Parameters of Vowels in Mapudungun Speakers
    Int. J. Odontostomat., 14(2):205-212, 2020. Description of Acoustic and Articulatory Parameters of Vowels in Mapudungun Speakers. Pilot Study Descripción de Parámetros Acusticos y Articulatorios de las Vocales en Hablantes de Mapudungun. Estudio Piloto Giannina Álvarez1; Magaly Ruiz2; Alain Arias1,3,4; María Florencia Lezcano1,3 & Ramón Fuentes1,3 ÁlvareZ, G.; RUIZ, M.; ARIAS, A.; LEZCANO, M. F. & FUENTES, R. Description of acoustic and articulatory parame- ters of vowels in Mapudungun speakers. Pilot study. Int. J. Odontostomat., 14(2):205-212, 2020. ABSTRACT: Mapudungun is a language used by Mapuche people in some regions of Chile and Argentina. The aim of this study was to describe the vowel phonemes with regard to the articulatory parameters (position of the tongue with respect to the palate and jaw opening) and acoustic parameters (f0, F1, F2 and F3) in Mapudungun speakers in the Region of La Araucanía. The vocalic phonemes of Mapudungun are six, where the first five are similar to those used in Spanish (/a e i o u/), to which is added a sixth vowel (/ɨ/) with its vocalic allophones (/ɨ/) and [Ә]. Three Mapudungun speakers were evaluated. The tongue movements were collected by Electromagnetic Articulography 3D and the data were processed with MATLAB and PRAAT software. It was possible to describe the trajectory of each third of the tongue during the production of the vowels. It was observed that the sixth vowel /Ә/ had minimal jaw opening during its pronunciation. In addition, the characteristic of /Ә/ as an unrounded mid-central vowel was corroborated. In this study, the tongue of mapudungun speakers was in a more posterior position than the found in other studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 1: Introduction to The
    PREVIEW OF THE IPA HANDBOOK Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet PARTI Introduction to the IPA 1. What is the International Phonetic Alphabet? The aim of the International Phonetic Association is to promote the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science. For both these it is necessary to have a consistent way of representing the sounds of language in written form. From its foundation in 1886 the Association has been concerned to develop a system of notation which would be convenient to use, but comprehensive enough to cope with the wide variety of sounds found in the languages of the world; and to encourage the use of thjs notation as widely as possible among those concerned with language. The system is generally known as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Both the Association and its Alphabet are widely referred to by the abbreviation IPA, but here 'IPA' will be used only for the Alphabet. The IPA is based on the Roman alphabet, which has the advantage of being widely familiar, but also includes letters and additional symbols from a variety of other sources. These additions are necessary because the variety of sounds in languages is much greater than the number of letters in the Roman alphabet. The use of sequences of phonetic symbols to represent speech is known as transcription. The IPA can be used for many different purposes. For instance, it can be used as a way to show pronunciation in a dictionary, to record a language in linguistic fieldwork, to form the basis of a writing system for a language, or to annotate acoustic and other displays in the analysis of speech.
    [Show full text]
  • Relations Between Speech Production and Speech Perception: Some Behavioral and Neurological Observations
    14 Relations between Speech Production and Speech Perception: Some Behavioral and Neurological Observations Willem J. M. Levelt One Agent, Two Modalities There is a famous book that never appeared: Bever and Weksel (shelved). It contained chapters by several young Turks in the budding new psycho- linguistics community of the mid-1960s. Jacques Mehler’s chapter (coau- thored with Harris Savin) was entitled “Language Users.” A normal language user “is capable of producing and understanding an infinite number of sentences that he has never heard before. The central problem for the psychologist studying language is to explain this fact—to describe the abilities that underlie this infinity of possible performances and state precisely how these abilities, together with the various details . of a given situation, determine any particular performance.” There is no hesi­ tation here about the psycholinguist’s core business: it is to explain our abilities to produce and to understand language. Indeed, the chapter’s purpose was to review the available research findings on these abilities and it contains, correspondingly, a section on the listener and another section on the speaker. This balance was quickly lost in the further history of psycholinguistics. With the happy and important exceptions of speech error and speech pausing research, the study of language use was factually reduced to studying language understanding. For example, Philip Johnson-Laird opened his review of experimental psycholinguistics in the 1974 Annual Review of Psychology with the statement: “The fundamental problem of psycholinguistics is simple to formulate: what happens if we understand sentences?” And he added, “Most of the other problems would be half­ way solved if only we had the answer to this question.” One major other 242 W.
    [Show full text]
  • Theories of Speech Perception
    Theories of Speech Perception • Motor Theory (Liberman) • Auditory Theory – Close link between perception – Derives from general and production of speech properties of the auditory • Use motor information to system compensate for lack of – Speech perception is not invariants in speech signal species-specific • Determine which articulatory gesture was made, infer phoneme – Human speech perception is an innate, species-specific skill • Because only humans can produce speech, only humans can perceive it as a sequence of phonemes • Speech is special Wilson & friends, 2004 • Perception • Production • /pa/ • /pa/ •/gi/ •/gi/ •Bell • Tap alternate thumbs • Burst of white noise Wilson et al., 2004 • Black areas are premotor and primary motor cortex activated when subjects produced the syllables • White arrows indicate central sulcus • Orange represents areas activated by listening to speech • Extensive activation in superior temporal gyrus • Activation in motor areas involved in speech production (!) Wilson and colleagues, 2004 Is categorical perception innate? Manipulate VOT, Monitor Sucking 4-month-old infants: Eimas et al. (1971) 20 ms 20 ms 0 ms (Different Sides) (Same Side) (Control) Is categorical perception species specific? • Chinchillas exhibit categorical perception as well Chinchilla experiment (Kuhl & Miller experiment) “ba…ba…ba…ba…”“pa…pa…pa…pa…” • Train on end-point “ba” (good), “pa” (bad) • Test on intermediate stimuli • Results: – Chinchillas switched over from staying to running at about the same location as the English b/p
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix B: Muscles of the Speech Production Mechanism
    Appendix B: Muscles of the Speech Production Mechanism I. MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION A. MUSCLES OF INHALATION (muscles that enlarge the thoracic cavity) 1. Diaphragm Attachments: The diaphragm originates in a number of places: the lower tip of the sternum; the first 3 or 4 lumbar vertebrae and the lower borders and inner surfaces of the cartilages of ribs 7 - 12. All fibers insert into a central tendon (aponeurosis of the diaphragm). Function: Contraction of the diaphragm draws the central tendon down and forward, which enlarges the thoracic cavity vertically. It can also elevate to some extent the lower ribs. The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominal cavities. 2. External Intercostals Attachments: The external intercostals run from the lip on the lower border of each rib inferiorly and medially to the upper border of the rib immediately below. Function: These muscles may have several functions. They serve to strengthen the thoracic wall so that it doesn't bulge between the ribs. They provide a checking action to counteract relaxation pressure. Because of the direction of attachment of their fibers, the external intercostals can raise the thoracic cage for inhalation. 3. Pectoralis Major Attachments: This muscle attaches on the anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle, the sternum and costal cartilages 1-6 or 7. All fibers come together and insert at the greater tubercle of the humerus. Function: Pectoralis major is primarily an abductor of the arm. It can, however, serve as a supplemental (or compensatory) muscle of inhalation, raising the rib cage and sternum. (In other words, breathing by raising and lowering the arms!) It is mentioned here chiefly because it is encountered in the dissection.
    [Show full text]
  • Phonetics? Phonetic Transcription Articulation of Sounds
    What Is Phonetics? Phonetic Transcription Articulation of Sounds Phonetics Darrell Larsen Linguistics 101 Darrell Larsen Phonetics What Is Phonetics? Phonetic Transcription Articulation of Sounds Outline 1 What Is Phonetics? 2 Phonetic Transcription Phonetic Alphabet Transcription 3 Articulation of Sounds Articulation of Consonants Articulation of Vowels Other Languages Darrell Larsen Phonetics What Is Phonetics? Phonetic Transcription Articulation of Sounds What Is Phonetics? Definition the study of speech sounds The Branches of Phonetics 1 acoustic (the physics of sound) 2 auditory (how the ear processes sound) 3 articulatory (how we produce speech sounds) Darrell Larsen Phonetics What Is Phonetics? Phonetic Transcription Articulation of Sounds Notes Darrell Larsen Phonetics What Is Phonetics? Phonetic Transcription Articulation of Sounds Articulatory Phonetics We will examine the following questions: How can we accurately transcribe speech sounds? What speech organs are involved in speech production? How do we manipulate the flow of air to produce sounds? Darrell Larsen Phonetics What Is Phonetics? Phonetic Transcription Articulation of Sounds Notes Darrell Larsen Phonetics What Is Phonetics? Phonetic Alphabet Phonetic Transcription Transcription Articulation of Sounds Why Do We Need a Phonetic Alphabet? Linguists use a phonetic transcription system to record speech sounds. In this class, we will use the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Question Why not just use the Roman alphabet? Darrell Larsen Phonetics What Is Phonetics? Phonetic
    [Show full text]
  • Intermediacy, Ambiguity and Categorization at the Phonetics-Phonology Interface
    Background Russian /v/ Acoustic study Patterning of /v/ Conclusion References Appendices Intermediacy, Ambiguity and Categorization at the Phonetics-Phonology Interface Christina Bjorndahl Ph.D. Candidate Cornell University, Department of Linguistics Visiting Scholar Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Philosophy March 23, 2015 Background Russian /v/ Acoustic study Patterning of /v/ Conclusion References Appendices Phonetics vs. Phonology Phonetics: The study of sounds as physical entities The study of the production, realization and perception of speech sounds by humans. ­ articulation ­ acoustics ­ perception ­ aerodynamics Phonology: The study of sound patterns What does it mean for sounds to “pattern”? 1 Distribution: What is a licit sound sequence? 2 Contrast: What sounds contrast to give different meanings? 3 Systems of relations: What are the relationships between different classes of sounds? Figure : Nonword /zgano/: Czech (left) and English (right) Spectrograms from Davidson (2006) Background Russian /v/ Acoustic study Patterning of /v/ Conclusion References Appendices Phonology: Distribution Cross-linguistically, sounds differ in their distribution: Where in the word or syllable: What sound seqeuences are licit: English *[#N] vs. Vietnamese [#N] English *[#zg] vs. Czech [#zg] ­ thi[N], ti[N]ker vs. Nguyen ­ Note: a[z g]ood Background Russian /v/ Acoustic study Patterning of /v/ Conclusion References Appendices Phonology: Distribution Cross-linguistically, sounds differ in their distribution: Where in the word or syllable: What
    [Show full text]
  • Articulatory Phonetics
    Articulatory Phonetics Lecturer: Dr Anna Sfakianaki HY578 Digital Speech Signal Processing Spring Term 2016-17 CSD University of Crete What is Phonetics? n Phonetics is a branch of Linguistics that systematically studies the sounds of human speech. 1. How speech sounds are produced Production (Articulation) 2. How speech sounds are transmitted Acoustics 3. How speech sounds are received Perception It is an interdisciplinary subject, theoretical as much as experimental. Why do speech engineers need phonetics? n An engineer working on speech signal processing usually ignores the linguistic background of the speech he/she analyzes. (Olaszy, 2005) ¡ How was the utterance planned in the speaker’s brain? ¡ How was it produced by the speaker’s articulation organs? ¡ What sort of contextual influences did it receive? ¡ How will the listener decode the message? Phonetics in Speech Engineering Combined knowledge of articulatory gestures and acoustic properties of speech sounds Categorization of speech sounds Segmentation Speech Database Annotation Algorithms Speech Recognition Speech Synthesis Phonetics in Speech Engineering Speech • diagnosis Disorders • treatment Pronunciation • L2 Teaching Tools • Foreign languages Speech • Hearing aids Intelligibility Enhancement • Other tools A week with a phonetician… n Tuesday n Thursday Articulatory Phonetics Acoustic Phonetics ¡ Speech production ¡ Formants ¡ Sound waves ¡ Fundamental Frequency ¡ Places and manners of articulation ¡ Acoustics of Vowels n Consonants & Vowels n Articulatory vs Acoustic charts ¡ Waveforms of consonants - VOT ¡ Acoustics of Consonants n Formant Transitions ¡ Suprasegmentals n Friday More Acoustic Phonetics… ¡ Interpreting spectrograms ¡ The guessing game… ¡ Individual Differences Peter Ladefoged Home Page: n Professor UCLA (1962-1991) http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/ladefoge/ n Travelled in Europe, Africa, India, China, Australia, etc.
    [Show full text]