Color of Signal Lights
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TECHNICAL DATA SHEET Traffic Light Indicator (Easy Read)
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET Traffic Light Indicator (Easy Read) Thermometer DESCRIPTION: The Traffic Light Indicator (TLI) is a single event temperature indicator that shows colour changes associated with that of traffic lights i.e. green to amber to red as the temperature increases. The colour changes are reversible. The product can be used to indicate two temperatures, the transition from green to amber and the transition from amber to red. In the example given in the specification below, these are at 50°C and 70°C respectively. The graphics are printed onto the reverse of a clear polyester using industry standard graphic inks. The event window is then created by a series of 6 coatings using propriety formulated temperature sensitive materials that change colour at designated temperatures which allows an instant response with a continuous readout. The distance from the event window to the edge increases water resistance. Once the coatings have been applied they are sealed in using a custom black coating which is applied across the back of the event window. An adhesive backing is then applied onto the strip and a UV inhibitor is over printed onto the face of the indicator before being cut to size. The colour changes are viewed through the clear, unlaminated side of the indicator. The protective release-liner can be removed for easy adhesion to a variety of flat surfaces. SPECIFICATIONS: Substrate: 100 Micron Clear Polyester Size: 52mm X 48mm Graphics: Black, White, Green, Amber & Red Temperature Profile: Below 50°C Event Window is Green in colour Between 50°C and 70°C Event Window is Amber in colour Above 70°C Event Window is Red in colour Accuracy: Materials are accurate to +/- 1°C Adhesive: Pressure Sensitive Acrylic with a moisture stable release liner Total Thickness: Approximately 245 microns INSTRUCTIONS OF USE: Peel indicator from release liner. -
Understanding Intersections –– Stopping at Intersections Are Places Where a Number of Road Users Cross Intersections Paths
4 rules of the road Chapter 3, signs, signals and road markings, gave you some in this chapter information about the most common signs, signals and road markings you will see when driving. This chapter gives • Understanding you the information you’ll need to help you drive safely at intersections intersections, use lanes correctly and park legally. – signalling – types of intersections Understanding intersections – stopping at Intersections are places where a number of road users cross intersections paths. There is often a lot of activity in intersections, so it’s – right‑of‑way at important to be alert. Remember that other road users may be intersections in a hurry, and may want to move into the same space that you • Using lanes are planning on moving into. correctly – which lane Signalling should you use Signals are important — they let other traffic know what you are – lane tracking intending to do. You should signal when you’re preparing to: – turning lanes – reserved lanes • turn left or right – pulling into a • change lanes lane • park – passing – merging • move toward, or away from, the side of the road. – highway or freeway Types of intersections entrances and exits Controlled intersections – cul‑de‑sacs A controlled intersection is one that has signs or traffic lights – turning around telling you what to do. To drive safely in these intersections, you • Parking tips and need to know what the signals and signs mean, and also the rules right‑of‑way rules. But always be cautious. Other drivers may not be paying attention to the signs and signals. Uncontrolled intersections Uncontrolled intersections have no signs or traffic lights. -
Lighting and Shading
Chapter 8 Lighting and Shading When we think that we \see" an object in the real world, we are not actually seeing the object itself. Instead, we are seeing light either emitted from or reflected off of that object. The pattern of the light reaching our eyes allows us to reconstruct, in our minds, the form of the object that we are looking at. Consequently, in order to simulate this image formation process in a computer, we need to be able to model lights, materials and geometry. Lights provide a source of illumination, materials determine how light is reflected off of a surface made of this material, and geometry provides the shape of the surface. 47 48 CHAPTER 8. LIGHTING AND SHADING 8.1 Point and parallel lights In the real world, all lights have a finite size and shape, and a location in space. However, we will see later that modeling the surface area of the light in a lighting algorithm can be difficult. It turns out to be much easier, and generally quite effective, to model lights as either being geometric points or as being infinitely far away. A point light has a single location in 3D space, and radiates light equally in all directions. An infinite light is considered to be so far away that all of its light rays are parallel to each other. Thus, an infinite light has no position, but there is a fixed direction for all of its rays. Such a light is sometimes called a parallel light source. uL xL cL cL Point Light Parallel Light A point light is specified by its position xL, and a parallel light is specified by its light direction vector uL. -
Energy Efficient Lighting
Energy Efficient Lighting Overview According to the International Energy Agency in 2013 electricity for lighting consumed 20% of the output of the world’s power stations.1 For the USA the share of lighting was 15% in 20162. The use of energy efficient lighting is one of the simplest and most cost effective ways of reducing energy consumption. Efficient lighting programmes can be implemented in several areas within cities by: Figure 1: CFLs save up to 80% of energy compared to incandescent y Replacing traditional incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent light bulbs light bulbs (CFLs). CC-BY-SA, Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA, Kübelbeck, Armin Photo: y Replacing old fluorescent tubes with efficient fluorescent tubes. y Replacing old magnetic ballasts with electronic ballasts in fluorescent tube systems. y Installing lighting control systems (motion and lux level sensors) y Using light-emitting diode (LED) technology wherever possible. This technology is developing fast and is getting steadily cheaper. LED’s are now able to replace most conventional lighting applications, such as traffic lights, down lighters, streetlights, security lights and even strip lighting to replace fluorescent tubes. It is anticipated that LEDs y Making streetlights more efficient e.g. by replacing mercury vapour will be used in most lights with high pressure sodium lights or LEDs that operate on around a third of the power. LED lights have more than double the life span. applications in the future. Decreasing costs makes them financially more viable for street lighting. 1 https://www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency/subtopics/lighting/ 2 https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=99&t=3 LED: lights of the future The development of LED lights is moving fast. -
The Magic Lantern Gazette a Journal of Research Volume 26, Number 1 Spring 2014
ISSN 1059-1249 The Magic Lantern Gazette A Journal of Research Volume 26, Number 1 Spring 2014 The Magic Lantern Society of the United States and Canada www.magiclanternsociety.org 2 Above: Fig. 3 and detail. Right and below: Fig. 5 Color figures (see interior pages for complete captions) Cover Article 3 Outstanding Colorists of American Magic Lantern Slides Terry Borton American Magic-Lantern Theater P.O. Box 44 East Haddam CT 06423-0044 [email protected] They knocked the socks off their audiences, these colorists did. They wowed their critics. They created slides that shimmered like opals. They made a major contribution to the success of the best lantern presentations. Yet they received little notice in their own time, and have received even less in ours. Who were these people? Who created the best color for the commercial lantern slide companies? Who colored the slides that helped make the best lecturers into superstars? What were their secrets—their domestic and foreign inspirations, their hidden artistic techniques—the elements that made them so outstanding? What was the “revolution” in slide coloring, and who followed in the footsteps of the revolutionaries? When we speak of “colorists” we are usually referring to The lantern catalogs offered hundreds of pages of black and those who hand-colored photographic magic lantern slides white images—both photographs and photographed illustra- in the years 1850–1940. Nevertheless, for two hundred tions—to be used by the thousands of small-time showmen years, from the 1650s, when the magic lantern was in- operating in churches and small halls. -
Traffic Light Mapping, Localization, and State Detection For
Traffic Light Mapping, Localization, and State Detection for Autonomous Vehicles Jesse Levinson*, Jake Askeland†, Jennifer Dolson*, Sebastian Thrun* *Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stanford University, CA 94305 †Volkswagen Group of America Electronics Research Lab, Belmont, CA 94002 Abstract— Detection of traffic light state is essential for au- tonomous driving in cities. Currently, the only reliable systems for determining traffic light state information are non-passive proofs of concept, requiring explicit communication between a traffic signal and vehicle. Here, we present a passive camera- based pipeline for traffic light state detection, using (imperfect) vehicle localization and assuming prior knowledge of traffic light location. First, we introduce a convenient technique for mapping traffic light locations from recorded video data using tracking, back-projection, and triangulation. In order to achieve Fig. 1. This figure shows two consecutive camera images overlaid with robust real-time detection results in a variety of lighting condi- our detection grid, projected from global coordinates into the image frame. tions, we combine several probabilistic stages that explicitly In this visualization, recorded as the light changed from red to green, grid account for the corresponding sources of sensor and data cells most likely to contain the light are colored by their state predictions. uncertainty. In addition, our approach is the first to account for multiple lights per intersection, which yields superior results by probabilistically combining evidence from all available lights. To evaluate the performance of our method, we present several To overcome the limitations of purely vision-based ap- results across a variety of lighting conditions in a real-world proaches, we take advantage of temporal information, track- environment. -
Homework Assignment 3
Uncovering the Secrets of Light Hands-on experiments and demonstrations to see the surprising ways we use light in our lives. Students will also learn how engineers and scientists are exploring new ways in which the colorful world of light can impact our health, happiness and safety while saving energy and protecting the environment. Activities (Have each activity checked off by an ERC student when you have completed it.) 1. Turning on an LED by connecting it correctly to a battery. 2. Optical Communication – Using LED flashes to remotely control electronic components such as televisions and to give music a ride on a light beam. 3. Observing the colors produced by different sources of light. 4. Light Saber – A discharge lamp that shows us that we are conductors just like wires and that can magically turn on a special kind of lamp without touching it. 5. USB Microscope – Using light to see small things, especially how displays work. 6. Pulse Width Modulation – Controlling light by turning it on and off. Bright light comes from having it on more than off. 7. Theremin – A musical instrument that is played without touching it. 8. Flat Panel Displays – What is polarized light and how do we use it to make TV and computer displays? 9. Magnetic Levitation – Using a light beam and a magnet to make a ball float in space 10. Coin Flipper – One magnet makes another magnet with the opposite pole so they can rapidly repel one another. For all activities, there is some secret of light or how we use lighting marked with this image. -
Shading Models
15-462, Fall 2004 Nancy Pollard Mark Tomczak Shading Shading Concepts Shading Equations Lambertian, Gouraud shading Phong Illumination Model Non-photorealistic rendering [Shirly, Ch. 8] Announcements • Written assignment #2 due Tuesday – Handin at beginning of class • Programming assignment #2 out Tuesday Why Shade? • Human vision uses shading as a cue to form, position, and depth • Total handling of light is very expensive • Shading models can give us a good approximation of what would “really” happen, much less expensively • Average and approximate Outline • Lighting models (OpenGL oriented) – Light styles – Lambertian shading – Gouraud shading • Reflection models (Phong shading) • Non-Photorealistic rendering Common Types of Light Sources • Ambient light: no identifiable source or direction • Point source: given only by point • Distant light: given only by direction • Spotlight: from source in direction – Cut-off angle defines a cone of light – Attenuation function (brighter in center) • Light source described by a luminance – Each color is described separately T – I = [Ir Ig Ib] (I for intensity) – Sometimes calculate generically (applies to r, g, b) Ambient Light • Intensity is the same at all points • This light does not have a direction (or .. it is the same in all directions) Point Source • Given by a point p0 • Light emitted from that point equally in all directions • Intensity decreases with square of distance One Limitation of Point Sources • Shading and shadows inaccurate • Example: penumbra (partial “soft” shadow) Distant -
Two-Color Double-Cloth Development in Alignment with Subtractive CMYK Color Theory by Deploying Digital Technology
Volume 11, Issue 2, 2020 Two-color Double-cloth Development in Alignment with Subtractive CMYK Color Theory by Deploying Digital Technology Ken Ri Kim, Lecturer, Loughborough University Trence Kavanagh, Professor, Loughborough University, United Kingdom ABSTRACT This study aims to introduce new aesthetic values of modern double-cloth by resolving the current restriction in woven textile coloration. Previously, realizing pictorial images on both sides of a fabric was experimented with two weft yarns and further possibility was suggested to extend an applicable number of weft yarns for which a prototype of two-color double-cloth was tested and fabricated by employing four weft yarns. In this study, therefore, reproduction of highly complicated patterns in a two-color shading effect is aimed to further develop the current double- cloth design capability. The core principle lies on weave structure design to interweave two sets of warps and wefts into separate layers whilst two distinctive images are designed in alignment with CMYK color theory to enlarge a feasible weave color scope by using the subtractive primary yarn colors. Details of digital weave pattern design and weave structure development are explained based on empirical experiment results. Keywords: Two-color double-cloth, digital weave pattern design, subtractive color theory, double- cloth weave structure, new color expression Introduction number of color resources in weft is also Digital technology employed in modern constrained (Watson & Grosicki, 1997). As a weaving greatly enhanced production result, the color accuracy level to be able to efficiency and convenience (Ishida, 1994). In correspond to high-quality imagery designs modern digital weaving, however, an has been highly limited. -
Virginia DMV Learner's Permit Test Online Practice Questions Www
Virginia DMV Learner’s Permit Test Online Practice Questions www.dmvnow.com 2.1 Traffic Signals 1. When you encounter a red arrow signal, you may turn after you come to a complete stop and look both ways for traffic and pedestrians. a. True b. False 2. Unless directed by a police officer, you must obey all signs and signals. a. True b. False 3. When you see a flashing yellow traffic signal at the intersection up ahead, what should you do? a. Slow down and proceed with caution. b. Come to a complete stop before proceeding. c. Speed up before the light changes to red. d. Maintain speed since you have the right-of-way. 4. When you encounter a flashing red light at an intersection, what should you do? a. Be alert for an oncoming fire engine or ambulance ahead. b. Slow down and proceed with caution. c. Come to a complete stop before proceeding. d. Speed up before the light changes to red. 5. When can you legally make a right turn at a red traffic signal? a. After stopping, if no sign prohibits right turn on red. b. When the traffic light first changes. c. At any time. d. In daylight hours only. 1 6. Avoiding traffic controls by cutting through a parking lot or field is perfectly legal. a. True b. False 7. Pedestrians do not have to obey traffic signals. a. True b. False 8. At a red light, where must you come to a complete stop? a. 100 feet before the intersection. b. -
Dental Lab White Paper.Pdf
LIGHTING LABS DENTAL INDUSTRY’S SECRET ASSET Dental laboratories place high demands on light quality. The LED luminaire TANEO and the efficient TEVISIO magnifier are ideally suited for the needs of a dental laboratory workplace. High light quality The advanced reflection and light control technology produces a diffused, glare- free, even light, relieving the technician’s eyes from strain and fatigue. Lenses can be customized with a choice of the clear prismatic lens or a more translucent style, according to preference. Custom capabilities Dimming capabilities with memory function allow the light intensity to be adapted to the visual task at hand. TANEO also has a state-of-the-art arm system for user-friendly handling. It is easy to adjust, yet remains firmly in place. The most optimal setting can be locked if required. High-quality LED technology Compared with conventional fluorescents delivering the same light output, TANEO consumes 30% less energy thanks to its technically advanced LED technology and intelligent thermal management. Moreover, the long service life of the LEDs ensures up to 50,000 or more hours of maintenance-free operation. TANEO ensures ideal viewing conditions for the laboratory delivering light output of up to 3600 lux and color temperature of 5000K. With a color rendering index of 90 using the translucent lens, colors can be measured and compared, showing contrasts and shading especially well. 2 TANEO offers a robust aluminum arm system designed for years of trouble-free versatility. The spring-balanced arm can be effortlessly adjusted into any position and offers complete rotation without exposed springs or hardware. -
Traffic-Light Intersections
Give Cycling a Push Infrastructure Implementation Fact Sheet INFRASTRUCTURE/ INTERSECTIONS AND CROSSINGS TRAFFIC-LIGHT INTERSECTIONS Overview Traffic-light intersections are inherently dangerous for cyclists. However, they are indispensable when cyclists cross heavy traffic flows. Cycle-friendly design must make cyclists clearly visible, allow short and easy maneuvers and reduce waiting time, such as a right-turn bypass or an advanced stop-line. On main cycle links, separate cycle traffic light and cycle-friendly light regulation can privilege cycle flows over motorized traffic. Background and Objectives Function Intersections are equipped with a traffic control system when they need to handle large flows of motorized traffic on the busiest urban roads, often with multiple lanes. A cycle-friendly design can greatly improve safety, speed and comfort, by increasing visibility, facilitating maneuvers and reducing waiting time. Scope Traffic-light intersections are always a second-best solution for cyclists, in terms of safety. Actually, traffic light intersections with four branches are very dangerous and should be avoided in general. Dutch guidance states that roundabouts are significantly safer than traffic lights for four- branch intersections of 10,000 to 20,000 pcu/day. In practice, traffic lights are used when an intersection needs to handle large flows of motorized traffic speedily. They can handle up to 30,000 pcu/day, more than is possible with a roundabout. These will typically include at least one very busy distributor road with multiple traffic lanes (50 km/h in the built-up area, higher outside the built-up area). Often, these busy roads are also of great interest as cycle links.