American Beech Nuts Are Ease Is Rough and Pockmarked with Sweet and Are an Important Small Cankers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

American Beech Nuts Are Ease Is Rough and Pockmarked with Sweet and Are an Important Small Cankers

A BFagus grandifolia Ehrh. merican beech occurs statewide, A growing up to 70 feet in height and 1–3 feet in diameter. Although it grows best on rich upland soil, beech is common and sometimes forms nearly pure stands, with shoots often spring- ing up from the trees’ roots. Beech bark disease causes significant mortality in Maine. The disease results when bark, attacked and altered by the beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga is invaded and killed by fungi, primarily Nectria coccinea var. faginata. The bark is light gray and smooth unless affected by beech bark disease. The bark of trees affected by the dis- American beech nuts are ease is rough and pockmarked with sweet and are an important small cankers. food source for wildlife. 104 AMERICAN BEECH H C E E B The leaves are alternate, 3–5 inch- Smooth barked beech (left) have become a rarity es long, elliptic, acutely pointed, with in Maine. The bark of most trees (right) is coarse and hooked teeth. The margin roughened by cankers caused by beech bark disease. between the teeth is nearly straight. Dead leaves are light tan and tend to remain on trees into winter. The fruit consists of a bur, which usually contains 2 triangular edible nuts. These nuts are sweet and are an important food source for wildlife. Trees that bears have climbed to eat beech nuts show claw marks on the bark. The winter buds are long, slen- der, many scaled, and sharp-pointed. The wood is strong, hard and tough, but not durable. Current uses include for pulp, pallet stock and fire- wood. In the past, it was used for clothespins, furniture, handles, wooden- ware, railroad ties, dowels and flooring. MAINE REGISTER OF European beech (Fagus sylvatica BIG TREES 2008 L.), Purple (Fagus sylvatica var. atrop- American Beech unicea Weston) and Copper beech Circumference: 104" (Fagus sylvatica var. cuprea L.) are species Height: 87' of European origin planted in southern Crown Spread: 58' Location: Hallowell and central Maine as ornamentals. AMERICAN BEECH 105.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

LVL - Laminated Veneer Lumber) by Pollmeier Health Product by Pollmeier Inc
BauBuche (LVL - Laminated Veneer Lumber) by Pollmeier Health Product by Pollmeier Inc. Declaration v2.2 created via: HPDC Online Builder HPD UNIQUE IDENTIFIER: 20788 CLASSIFICATION: 06 71 13 Wood and Plastic PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: BauBuche LVL by Pollmeier - Made from 100% sustainable PEFC and FSC certified European Beech lumber and ULEF resorcinol resins. BauBuche LVL panels can be used for a variety of non structural architectural applications like flooring, wall paneling, table tops, furniture, mouldings, and various millwork projects. Section 1: Summary Basic Method / Product Threshold CONTENT INVENTORY Inventory Reporting Format Threshold level Residuals/Impurities All Substances Above the Threshold Indicated Are: Nested Materials Method 100 ppm Considered Characterized Yes Ex/SC Yes No Basic Method 1,000 ppm Partially Considered % weight and role provided for all substances. Per GHS SDS Not Considered Threshold Disclosed Per Other Explanation(s) provided Screened Yes Ex/SC Yes No Material for Residuals/Impurities? All substances screened using Priority Hazard Lists with Product Yes No results disclosed. Identified Yes Ex/SC Yes No One or more substances not disclosed by Name (Specific or Generic) and Identifier and/ or one or more Special Condition did not follow guidance. CONTENT IN DESCENDING ORDER OF QUANTITY Number of Greenscreen BM-4/BM3 contents ... 0 Summary of product contents and results from screening individual chemical Contents highest concern GreenScreen substances against HPD Priority Hazard Lists and the GreenScreen for Safer Benchmark or List translator Score ... LT-P1 Chemicals®. The HPD does not assess whether using or handling this Nanomaterial ... No product will expose individuals to its chemical substances or any health risk.
[Show full text]
A New Pupillarial Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from Angophora in Coastal New South Wales, Australia
Zootaxa 4117 (1): 085–100 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5C240849-6842-44B0-AD9F-DFB25038B675 A new pupillarial scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from Angophora in coastal New South Wales, Australia PENNY J. GULLAN1,3 & DOUGLAS J. WILLIAMS2 1Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia 2The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences (Entomology), London SW7 5BD, UK 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new scale insect, Aolacoccus angophorae gen. nov. and sp. nov. (Eriococcidae), is described from the bark of Ango- phora (Myrtaceae) growing in the Sydney area of New South Wales, Australia. These insects do not produce honeydew, are not ant-tended and probably feed on cortical parenchyma. The adult female is pupillarial as it is retained within the cuticle of the penultimate (second) instar. The crawlers (mobile first-instar nymphs) emerge via a flap or operculum at the posterior end of the abdomen of the second-instar exuviae. The adult and second-instar females, second-instar male and first-instar nymph, as well as salient features of the apterous adult male, are described and illustrated. The adult female of this new taxon has some morphological similarities to females of the non-pupillarial palm scale Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell (Phoenicococcidae), the pupillarial palm scales (Halimococcidae) and some pupillarial genera of armoured scales (Diaspididae), but is related to other Australian Myrtaceae-feeding eriococcids.
[Show full text]
Conservation Assessment for Butternut Or White Walnut (Juglans Cinerea) L. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region
Conservation Assessment for Butternut or White walnut (Juglans cinerea) L. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region 2003 Jan Schultz Hiawatha National Forest Forest Plant Ecologist (906) 228-8491 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on Juglans cinerea L. (butternut). This is an administrative review of existing information only and does not represent a management decision or direction by the U. S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was gathered and reported in preparation of this document, then subsequently reviewed by subject experts, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if the reader has information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for Butternut or White walnut (Juglans cinerea) L. 2 Table Of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION / OBJECTIVES.......................................................................7 BIOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION..............................8 Species Description and Life History..........................................................................................8 SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................9
[Show full text]
Investigating the Relationship Between Cryptococcus Fagisuga and Fagus Grandifolia in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Portland State University PDXScholar Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations Biology 1-1-2002 Investigating the Relationship Between Cryptococcus Fagisuga and Fagus Grandifolia in Great Smoky Mountains National Park Ashley B. Morris University of Florida Randall L. Small University of Tennessee - Knoxville Mitchell B. Cruzan Portland State University Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/bio_fac Part of the Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons Citation Details Morris A.B., R.L. Small, and M.B. Cruzan. 2002. Investigating the Relationship Between Cryptococcus Fagisuga and Fagus Grandifolia in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Southeastern Naturalist 1:415-424. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2002 SOUTIIE;\STERN NATURAWT 114):4 15--124 INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHJP BETWEEN CRYPTOCOCCUS FAG1SUGA A D FAGUS GRANDlFOLlA IN GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK A SIILEY B . M ORKIS " R ANDAll. L. SMALL 1. AND MITCIIELL B. CRUZAr\ 2.. I AI3STRACT - The high elcvmioll beech ga ps of lhc Grc<l1 Smoky Mountains have become the kil ling fron t of beech b'lrk di sc.lsc. Th is insectffullgill pat hoge n WIIS introd uced into Nova Scotia in the late 1800':-.. and has since spread so uthward to the SOllth l! n1 Appul:H.: hi:ub. In affected stands. mortality of beech stems fre quently approaChes 90 lO 100 percenl.
[Show full text]
Non Standardized Allergenic Extracts Pollens, Molds, Epidermals, Insects, Dusts, Foods, and Miscellaneous Inhalants
BIRCH POLLEN MIX- betula lenta, betula nigra and betula populifolia solution CENTRAL EASTERN 4 TREE POLLEN MIX- ulmus americana, acer negundo, carya illinoinensis and quercus virginiana solution EASTERN OAK POLLEN MIX- quercus velutina, quercus rubra and quercus alba solution ELM POLLEN MIX- ulmus americana and ulmus pumila solution HICKORY POLLEN MIX- carya glabra, carya ovata, carya laciniosa and carya tomentosa solution HICKORY-PECAN POLLEN MIX- carya illinoinensis and carya ovata solution JUNIPER POLLEN MIX- juniperus monosperma and juniperus scopulorum solution PINE POLLEN MIX- pinus taeda, pinus strobus and pinus echinata solution WESTERN 3 TREE POLLEN MIX- olea europaea, ulmus pumila and platanus racemosa solution MAPLE-BOX ELDER POLLEN MIX- acer saccharum and acer negundo solution WESTERN 10 TREE POLLEN MIX- acacia dealbata, acer negundo, populus fremontii, olea europaea, ulmus pumila, betula occidentalis, juniperus occidentalis, platanus racemosa, quercus garryana and morus alba solution EASTERN 6 TREE POLLEN MIX- fagus grandifolia, populus deltoides, quercus rubra, betula nigra, carya ovata and fraxinus americana solution 11 TREE POLLEN MIX- fagus grandifolia, platanus occidentalis, ulmus americana, juglans nigra, salix nigra, populus deltoides, quercus rubra, betula nigra, carya ovata, acer saccharum and fraxinus americana solution 2 MAPLE POLLEN MIX- acer rubrum and acer saccharum solution WESTERN OAK POLLEN MIX- quercus kelloggii, quercus agrifolia and quercus garryana solution 11 TREE POLLEN MIX- fagus grandifolia, platanus
[Show full text]
York Campus Trees for Sale: 1.& 2
York Campus Trees for Sale: 1.& 2. Ginkgo biloba ‘Princeton Sentry’ Common Name– Ginkgo 3. Prunus Snow Fountains Common Name: Weeping higan cherry 1 4. Picea orientalis ‘Gowdy’ 2 Common Name -Oriental spruce 5&6. Hamamelis virginiana Commmon Name— Common Witch-Hazel 7. Fagus grandifolia Common Name—American beech 8. & 9. Gladitzia triacanthos Common Name —Honey locust 3 10. Cornus kousa 9 Common Name: Kousa dogwood 8 4 11. Acer palmatum ‘Sango-kaku’ 5 & 6 Common Name –Japanese coral bark maple ‘Sango-kaku’ 10 11 7 12 12, & 13. Lagerstroemia indica ‘Pink Velour’ Common Name-– Crape myrtle ‘Pink Velour’ 13 14 14. Cercis canidensis ‘Pink Heartbreaker’ 15 Commn Name—Weeping redbud ‘Pink Heartbreaker’ 15. Acer palmatum var. dissectum ‘Tamukeyama’ Common Name-Japanese maple Tamukeyama’ 16 16. Acer rubrum 17 Common Name—Red Maple 18 17.Ulmus americana Commn Name—Jefferson elm 18. Prunus pendula— Common Name- Weeping cherry 19. Quercus phellos Common Name- Willow oak 19 Location # Common name Botanical name Location Status Y 1 Ginkgo “Princeton Sentry” Ginkgo biloba ‘Princeton Sentry’ Cytec Building Available Y 2 Ginkgo “Princeton Sentry” Ginkgo biloba ‘Princeton Sentry’ Cytec Building Available Y 3 Weeping higan cherry Prunus Snow Fountains William F Goodling Center Available Y 4 Oriental spruce “Gowdy” Picea orientalis ‘Gowdy’ William F Goodling Center Available Y 5 Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana William F Goodling Center Available Y 6 Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana William F Goodling Center Available Y 7 American beech Fagus grandifolia
[Show full text]
AMERICAN BEECH a Tree in Trouble
Hiawatha National Forest WARNING! While there are no pure beech stands on the AMERICAN Hiawatha National Forest (HNF), many of Wind in the Trees the hardwood stands include a significant BEECH component of beech. HNF has included The Forest Service is making every effort A Tree in Trouble these areas in the BBD Project Environmen- to identify and remove hazardous trees tal Analysis. These stands are within the ad- vancing front of the BBD and many of the from developed areas as quickly as possi- stands already have the beech scale present, ble. However, all visitors - but particularly particularly in the north and east portions of hikers and overnight backcountry campers the project area. Areas that have not yet been - should be alert for trees that are weak- infested will likely be infested within 1-3 ened, have large dead limbs or are com- years. Safety is the number one concern. Dy- ing beech trees will need to be removed in all pletely dead, especially in windy condi- high use public areas to prevent them from tions. becoming a safety hazard. The recreation Be alert. Look up. Choose your team on the HNF is assessing these areas campsites carefully. (including parking areas, campsites, trails, and The American beech (Fagus grandifolia) is a day use areas) to determine what the poten- tall, stately tree with smooth grey bark and tial hazards will be and the best way to deal Hiawatha National Forest a graceful arching crown. Its dark green, with them. Munising Ranger District shiny leaves, tapered at both ends, turn 400 East Munising Avenue golden in the fall and cling to its branches throughout the winter.
[Show full text]
Go Nuts! P2 President’S Trees Display Fall Glory in a ‘Nutritious’ Way Report by Lisa Lofland Gould P4 Pollinators & Native Plants UTS HAVE Always Fascinated N Me
NEWSLETTER OF THE NC NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY Native Plant News Fall 2020 Julie Higgie, editor Vol. 18, Issue 3 INSIDE: Go Nuts! P2 President’s Trees Display Fall Glory in a ‘NUTritious’ Way Report By Lisa Lofland Gould P4 Pollinators & Native Plants UTS HAVE always fascinated N me. I was a squirrel for a while when I P6 Book Review was around six years old. My best friend and I spent hours under an oak tree in a P10 Habitat Report neighbor’s yard one autumn, amassing piles of acorns and dashing from imagined preda- P12 Society News tors. So, it seems I’ve always known there’s P14 Scholar News nothing like a good stash of nuts to feel ready for winter. P16 Member It’s not surprising that a big nut supply might leave a winter-conscious Spotlight beast feeling smug. Nuts provide fats, protein, carbohydrates, and vit- amins, along with a number of essential elements such as copper, MISSION zinc, potassium, and manganese. There is a great deal of food value STATEMENT: in those little packages! All that compactly bundled energy evolved to give the embryo plenty of time to develop; the nut’s worth to foraging Our mission is to animals assures that the fruit is widely dispersed. Nut trees pay a promote the en- price for the dispersal work of the animals, but apparently enough sur- vive to make it worth the trees’ efforts: animals eat the nuts and even joyment and con- bury them in storage, but not all are retrieved, and those that the servation of squirrels forget may live to become the mighty denizens of our forests.
[Show full text]
Wood from Midwestern Trees Purdue EXTENSION
PURDUE EXTENSION FNR-270 Daniel L. Cassens Professor, Wood Products Eva Haviarova Assistant Professor, Wood Science Sally Weeks Dendrology Laboratory Manager Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University Indiana and the Midwestern land, but the remaining areas soon states are home to a diverse array reforested themselves with young of tree species. In total there are stands of trees, many of which have approximately 100 native tree been harvested and replaced by yet species and 150 shrub species. another generation of trees. This Indiana is a long state, and because continuous process testifies to the of that, species composition changes renewability of the wood resource significantly from north to south. and the ecosystem associated with it. A number of species such as bald Today, the wood manufacturing cypress (Taxodium distichum), cherry sector ranks first among all bark, and overcup oak (Quercus agricultural commodities in terms pagoda and Q. lyrata) respectively are of economic impact. Indiana forests native only to the Ohio Valley region provide jobs to nearly 50,000 and areas further south; whereas, individuals and add about $2.75 northern Indiana has several species billion dollars to the state’s economy. such as tamarack (Larix laricina), There are not as many lumber quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), categories as there are species of and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) that trees. Once trees from the same are more commonly associated with genus, or taxon, such as ash, white the upper Great Lake states. oak, or red oak are processed into In urban environments, native lumber, there is no way to separate species provide shade and diversity the woods of individual species.
[Show full text]
Fungi and Their Potential As Biological Control Agents of Beech Bark Disease
Fungi and their potential as biological control agents of Beech Bark Disease By Sarah Elizabeth Thomas A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway, University of London 2014 1 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I, Sarah Elizabeth Thomas, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: _____________ Date: 4th May 2014 2 ABSTRACT Beech bark disease (BBD) is an invasive insect and pathogen disease complex that is currently devastating American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in North America. The disease complex consists of the sap-sucking scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga and sequential attack by Neonectria fungi (principally Neonectria faginata). The scale insect is not native to North America and is thought to have been introduced there on seedlings of F. sylvatica from Europe. Conventional control strategies are of limited efficacy in forestry systems and removal of heavily infested trees is the only successful method to reduce the spread of the disease. However, an alternative strategy could be the use of biological control, using fungi. Fungal endophytes and/or entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) could have potential for both the insect and fungal components of this highly invasive disease. Over 600 endophytes were isolated from healthy stems of F. sylvatica and 13 EPF were isolated from C. fagisuga cadavers in its centre of origin. A selection of these isolates was screened in vitro for their suitability as biological control agents. Two Beauveria and two Lecanicillium isolates were assessed for their suitability as biological control agents for C.
[Show full text]
Density Profile Analysis of Laminated Beech Veneer Lumber (Baubuche)
fibers Technical Note Density Profile Analysis of Laminated Beech Veneer Lumber (BauBuche) Nick Engehausen 1,*, Jan T. Benthien 1, Martin Nopens 2 and Jörg B. Ressel 1 1 Department Biology, Wood Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Wood Science, Universität Hamburg, Leuschnerstraße 91, 21031 Hamburg, Germany; [email protected] (J.T.B.); [email protected] (J.B.R.) 2 Thünen-Institute of Wood Science, Leuschnerstraße 91, 21031 Hamburg, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: An irreversible swelling was detected in laminated beech veneer lumber within the initial moistening. Supported by the facts that the lay-up of the glued veneers is exposed to high pressure during hot pressing, and that the density of the finished material exceeds that of solid beech, it was hypothesised that the wood substance is compressed. Laboratory X-ray density profile scans were performed to check this and to identify the part of the material cross section in which the densification has taken place. The higher density was found to be located in the area of the adhesive joints, uniformly over the cross section, while the density in the middle of the veneers corresponds to that of solid beech wood. Keywords: BauBuche; engineered wood; laminated veneer lumber; LVL; X-ray densitometry Citation: Engehausen, N.; Benthien, J.T.; Nopens, M.; Ressel, J.B. Density 1. Introduction Profile Analysis of Laminated Beech Veneer Lumber (BauBuche). Fibers Within an investigation on the specific dimensional change behaviour of laminated 2021, 9, 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/ beech veneer lumber (LVLB) in terms of moisture absorption and desorption, an irreversible fib9050031 swelling in radial anatomical wood direction was detected within the first moistening [1].
[Show full text]
2012 Illinois Forest Health Highlights
2012 Illinois Forest Health Highlights Prepared by Fredric Miller, Ph.D. IDNR Forest Health Specialist, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois Table of Contents I. Illinois’s Forest Resources 1 II. Forest Health Issues: An Overview 2-6 III. Exotic Pests 7-10 IV. Plant Diseases 11-13 V. Insect Pests 14-16 VI. Weather/Abiotic Related Damage 17 VII. Invasive Plant Species 17 VIII. Workshops and Public Outreach 18 IX. References 18-19 I. Illinois’ Forest Resources Illinois forests have many recreation and wildlife benefits. In addition, over 32,000 people are employed in primary and secondary wood processing and manufacturing. The net volume of growing stock has Figure 1. Illinois Forest Areas increased by 40 percent since 1962, a reversal of the trend from 1948 to 1962. The volume of elms has continued to decrease due to Dutch elm disease, but red and white oaks, along with black walnut, have increased by 38 to 54 percent since 1962. The area of forest land in Illinois is approximately 5.3 million acres and represents 15% of the total land area of the state (Figure 1). Illinois’ forests are predominately hardwoods, with 90% of the total timberland area classified as hardwood forest types (Figure 2). The primary hardwood forest types in the state are oak- hickory, at 65% of all timberland, elm-ash-cottonwood at 23%, and maple-beech which covers 2% of Illinois’ timberland. 1 MERALD ASH BORER (EAB) TRAP TREE MONITORING PROGAM With the recent (2006) find ofMajor emerald ashForest borer (EAB) Types in northeastern Illinois and sub- sequent finds throughout the greater Chicago metropolitan area, and as far south as Bloomington/Chenoa, Illinois area, prudence strongly suggests that EAB monitoring is needed for the extensive ash containing forested areas associated with Illinois state parks, F U.S.
[Show full text]