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Pilbara Northern Quoll Research Program Pilbara Northern Quoll Research Program Judy Dunlop, Kelly Rayner and Keith Morris Annual report 2014-2015 April 2016 Pilbara Northern Quoll Research Program 2014-15 Annual Report Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Phone: (08) 9219 9000 Fax: (08) 9334 0498 www.dpaw.wa.gov.au © Department of Parks and Wildlife on behalf of the State of Western Australia 2016 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Department of Parks and Wildlife. This document was prepared by Judy Dunlop, Kelly Rayner and Keith Morris. Questions regarding the use of this material should be directed to: Animal Science Program Science and Conservation Division Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 The recommended reference for this publication is: Dunlop, J., Rayner, K., and Morris, K.D. 2016, Pilbara Northern Quoll Research Program: Annual report 2014-2015, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth. This document is available in alternative formats on request. Please note: urls in this document which conclude a sentence are followed by a full point. If copying the url please do not include the full point. Department of Parks and Wildlife ii Pilbara Northern Quoll Research Program 2014-15 Annual Report Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... v Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Survey and monitoring .............................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Threatened Fauna Portal .................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Population ecology and demographics ............................................................................. 8 2 Define critical habitat, and impact of disturbances ................................................................. 13 2.1 Species Distribution Modelling ....................................................................................... 13 2.2 Interactions between northern quolls and infrastructure ................................................. 17 3 Population dynamics and ecology .......................................................................................... 20 3.1 Using population genetics to infer large and small-scale spatial patterns of northern quolls ....................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Understanding northern quoll mating, sexual selection and dispersal of young ............. 23 3.3 Composition and regional variation in the diet of Pilbara northern quolls ....................... 24 4 Key threats to the northern quoll and the interactions between these .................................... 29 4.1 Long-term impacts on quoll populations by feral cat predation, baiting and cane toad invasion ................................................................................................................................... 29 4.2 Threatened and introduced species records .................................................................. 31 5 Recolonisation of restored or artificial habitat ......................................................................... 34 Reports, papers and presentations 2014-2015 ........................................................................... 35 References .................................................................................................................................. 36 Appendices .................................................................................................................................. 40 Department of Parks and Wildlife ` iii Pilbara Northern Quoll Research Program 2014-15 Annual Report Figures Figure 1. Northern quoll records from the Pilbara. ........................................................................ 8 Figure 2. Body mass of male and female northern quolls from different locations within Australia. ................................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 3. Comparison of breeding seasons for northern quolls across northern Australia. ......... 12 Figure 4. a) Bias grid GIS file created from known fauna trapping surveys, used to generate pseudo-absence data, and; b) the final MaxEnt SDM, constructed with the bias grid and minimum variable set listed in Table 4.. .................................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 5. Map depicting northern quoll scats collected throughout the Pilbara. .......................... 25 Figure 6. Composition of food items contained in 500 Pilbara northern quoll scats.. .................. 25 Figure 7. Locations across the Pilbara of introduced animal species records collected by the northern quoll research program since 2011.. ........................................................................ 32 Figure 8. Map depicting records of threatened and other species of interest collected by the northern quoll program since 2011.. ....................................................................................... 33 Tables Table 1. The number of Pilbara northern quoll records available online through NatureMap. ...... 7 Table 2. Capture statistics for individuals of the two mammals most commonly captured at annual monitoring sites ............................................................................................................. 9 Table 3. Apparent survivorship, capture probability and population estimates for male and female northern quolls at two sites in the Pilbara ................................................................... 12 Table 4. Final suite of variables with percentage contribution and permutation importance as determined through step-wise MaxEnt analyses.. .................................................................. 15 Table 5. Home range (HR) estimates, methods of estimation and overnight distances moved for male and female northern quolls determined for this study and from the published literature. ................................................................................................................................. 18 Table 6. Northern quoll tissue samples collected 2011–2015 for analysis of Pilbara population genetics. ................................................................................................................ 22 Table 7. Summary of DNA samples taken from northern quoll mothers and pouch young (PY) for paternity testing.. ....................................................................................................... 23 Table 8. Dietary items consumed by Pilbara northern quolls, derived from scat analysis by microscopy. ............................................................................................................................. 27 Department of Parks and Wildlife iv Pilbara Northern Quoll Research Program 2014-15 Annual Report Acknowledgements This project is supported by environmental offsets and public good funds provided by BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto, Atlas Iron, Fortescue Metals Group, Roy Hill, Process Minerals International and Main Roads Western Australia. Distribution modeling and home range estimates were undertaken as a collaboration with colleagues from Edith Cowan University (Melinda Henderson, Rob Davis and Shaun Molloy). A Population Viability Analysis for Pilbara northern quoll was a collaboration with Dorian Moro and Matt Williams. We are very grateful for the field and logistical assistance provided by Hannah Anderson, Sophie Arnall, Gillian Basnett, Fiona Carpenter, Harriet Davie, Brent Johnson, Cheryl Lohr, Frank Morris, Bill Muir, Ziggy Nielsen, Sarah Robinson, Nadia Rubbo, Tina Schroeder, Richard Variakojias. Stephen van Leeuwen provided valuable comments on a draft of this report. Department of Parks and Wildlife v Pilbara Northern Quoll Research Program 2014-15 Annual Report Summary Pilbara northern quolls have high conservation priority due to their separation from other northern populations, distinct genetics, occupy a unique habitat niche and are exposed to different threatening processes to other northern quoll populations across Australia. Northern quolls are listed as Endangered under the EPBC Act and IUCN Red List, and Specially Protected Fauna in Western Australia under the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice 2015 (EPBC, 1999; The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2016). A research plan guiding the implementation of priority future actions for the northern quoll in the Pilbara was developed in 2010 and updated in 2010, following consultation between industry, researchers, and state and federal government agencies (McGrath and van Leeuwen 2011). The Western Australian Department
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