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Scenarios of Operation of an Energy Production System of a Hybrid WT/PV System of a Bioecological Infrastructure

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Scenarios of Operation of an Energy Production System of a Hybrid WT/PV System of a Bioecological Infrastructure Scenarios of operation of an energy production system of a hybrid WT/PV system of a bioecological infrastructure. Daniel Icaza Jorge Rojas Espinoza Darío Valarezo Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Calle Vieja y Elia Liut Calle Vieja y Elia Liut Calle Vieja y Elia Liut Cuenca- Ecuador Cuenca- Ecuador Cuenca- Ecuador [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— In this manuscript, a hybrid system disposed of solar among them there will be in some cases excellent levels panels and wind turbines was configured as renewable energy of contribution and in others low, but all are important (RE) sources to be converted into electrical energy. In this work, within the energy mix. the feasibility of supplying energy to a bioecological infrastructure composed of five airplane-type buildings for tourist accommodation in Quingeo in Ecuador is analyzed. The system will make visitors of this beautiful place attractive and The system we propose seeks to supply reliable and they will appreciate beautiful landscapes on the site. The sufficient electrical energy for the five bioarchitectures simulations were performed in MATLAB based on a that will be located in the Quingeo parish. The destination mathematical model that is transformed into a design tool. site is considered a Cultural Heritage of Ecuador, but it requires efforts to promote tourism in its colonial center and its satellite communities. Given its special conditions Keywords— bioecological infraestructure, renewable from the cultural and ecological point of view, tourism is energy, solar panel, wind turbine, energy transition. a very good source of income. In this sense, this study is presented that will generate great development opportunities. The bioecological constructions consist of I. INTRODUCTION photovoltaic panels and wind turbines located on an extensive site of approximately two hectares with connection to the grid. These architectures contribute to Currently, renewable energy generation sources are caring for the environment through clean energies and gaining momentum to electrify different infrastructures, make it an attraction for national and foreign tourists. including bioecological ones. Utilizing these energy production systems is a viable option for an effective energy transition. By gaining ground, clean energies Sarr et al [4] presented an optimized solar photovoltaic avoid pollution caused by fossil fuel generation sources. generation system for Senegal taking advantage of the Currently the production costs of solar panels and wind high levels of penetration. Meanwhile, Benalcazar et al turbines especially have been reduced significantly, as [5] consider that it is better to have optimized hybrid well as equipment such as inverters and controllers. This systems, especially if there are contributions from wind cost reduction has caused an important effect, these and photovoltaic energy. These two contributions are renewable energy systems become much more accessible currently of great importance in the energy mix. and therefore energy can be produced for different applications in different areas. Continuing to believe that oil can be useful for countries in the long term clearly E Linzoain [6] carried out an analysis for the private shows that there is a lack of clear policies in different development of 71 VPO homes in Pamplona with the countries and their territories. Its applications include objective of EFCN standards for Zero net energy those applied to urban mobility [1], organic facilities [2], buildings. In the same sense, Lorenzo Belussi et al [7] churches [3], etc. The incursion of renewable energies is present a review of the behavior of zero energy buildings at the level of the public and private sectors, their with the use of renewable energy sources as an efficient penetration levels have been very interesting in recent solution. On the other hand, reference [8] indicate that the years and production costs tend to fall even more. Above current energy framework is inequitable for the all, wind and solar photovoltaic energy are the ones that implementation of buildings with almost zero energy currently have the most influence in the different (nZEB) in Spain. It is possible to connect the countries of the world, this does not imply ignoring the infrastructure built to the conventional electrical grid to other contributions of renewable energies. Several authors guarantee the continuity of the service [9]. Having recommend having hybrid renewable energy systems, electricity from the grid and having a renewable system in the locality guarantees the service to those who use the In the same way, it can be seen in Fig. 2 an infrastructure facilities [10]. in the form of domes supplied by solar panels. Several studies confirm that hybrid systems are the most recommended to operate regularly and supply energy to locations or applications where electrical service is required, among them are those developed in Brazil, India, China, United States. Geographical aspects are also considered and tools such as GIS [11] are used for their analysis, which are very useful tools today. Reference [12] intensively studied renewable energy systems where production costs play a preponderant role when making decisions, aspects such as the internal rate of return and net present value are calculated to identify whether the Fig 2. Dome-type bioecological infrastructure built in various countries proposals are viable. D. Connolly by reference [13] of South America specifies the need to project renewable energy systems in an orderly fashion. For this purpose, the University of Alboarg in Denmark developed an important tool to In the town of Quingeo in Ecuador, an infrastructure with project 100% renewable energy systems on a large scale, five bioecological architectures is projected, as specified this software is EnergyPLAN [14]. Y. Xie et al [15] in Fig. 3. This design consists of five airplane-type specifies that to size small systems where hybrid systems buildings. They are powered by a hybrid system made up intervene, it is very useful to use matlab/simulink and in of eight solar panels and a wind turbine in each building. fact there are several studies. Lately, various applications have been intensively studied at both urban and rural levels, several studies are isolated and others with connection to the public electricity grid. II. NOVELTY FIELD OF STUDY OF BIOECOLOGICAL INFRAESTRUCTURE. The human being is the fruit of existence in nature and we owe ourselves to it. Hence the inspiration of human beings in nature and particularly for their own benefit such as housing. Some developments can be identified, including those made in Argentina, as shown in Fig 1. Fig. 3. Layout of the five bioecological architectures for Quingeo- Ecuador These facilities are widely studied, in this sense Fig 4 shows in detail one of its airplane-type architectural Fig 1. Bioecological infrastructure supplied by electrical energy from a components that will be powered by the hybrid system wind turbine (wind-photovoltaic). Each building has an installed power of 2000W, as five requires 10,000W and considering a factor of simultaneity between circuits with 0.8, the energy required is 8000W, which would basically be for lighting and plugs. It is important to make it clear that for cooking and heating water the provision of electrical �"#$ + �&'$ + �"#( + �&'( + �"#) + �&') + �"#* + energy is not considered in this case. For these needs we �&'* + �"#+ + �&'+ = �-$ + �-( + �-) + �-* + �-+ supply with liquefied petroleum gas that is subsidized by the Ecuadorian state. (2) �./00123 = 0 c) Batteries, groups of PV´s and WT´s supply energy to the loads. At dawn, dusk or during gloomy days, the total PV and wind energy is less than the power demanded by airplane- type architectures. In this scenario, the battery bank helps the panels and wind turbines meet the energy demand of bioecological buildings. � + � + � + � + � + � + � + Fig. 4. Bioecological physical architecture adopted for the study. "#$ &'$ "#( &'( "#) &') "#* �&'* + �"#+ + �&'+ + �./00123 = �-$ + �-( + �-) + �-* + �-+ (3) III. OPERATION CONDITIONS. d) The batteries provide energy to organic buildings. Below we have the following cases in which the system organized by five bioecological buildings is exposed to In this scenario, the five groups of solar panels and the operate in correspondence with the electrical system. five wind turbines stop supplying energy, for example at night. The battery bank to discharge the energy and a) Groups of PV´s and WT´s supply energy to directly supply the loads of the bioecological buildings. It bioecological architectures and store them in the is expressed as follows: battery. The photovoltaic and wind energy is higher than the �"#$ + �&'$ + �"#( + �&'( + �"#) + �&') + �"#* + energy demand of the shopping centers, the excess energy �&'* + �"#+ + �&'+ = 0 (4) will be used to store in the battery bank. It usually occurs when there is a lot of solar radiation during the day. Even �./00123 = �-$ + �-( + �-) + �-* + �-+ (5) if the batteries are fully charged, the excess energy can be injected into the conventional electrical grid and obtain favorable economic values. Can be written as: In Fig. 5 the solar map of the town of Quingeo is shown, taking advantage of the solarGIS tool obtaining a GHI of �"#$ + �&'$ + �"#( + �&'( + �"#) + �&') + �"#* + 1705.3 kWh/m2 which, without being exceptional, turns �&'* + �"#+
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