Chadron and Brule Formation

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North Dakota NORTH DAKOTA SAVANNA Stratigraphy ROCK ROCK UNIT COLUMN About 50 million years ago, the climate became cooler and drier PERIOD EPOCH AGES MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO Holocene Oahe .01 compared to earlier in the Paleocene. The swampy environments and the plants and animals that lived during the early Paleocene began to disappear. Coleharbor A mostly treeless plain, or savanna, became established by about 40 million Pleistocene QUATERNARY 1.8 Pliocene Unnamed 5 years ago. Rivers flowing across the savanna deposited sands and gravels in Miocene 25 Arikaree the river channels and silts and muds on the floodplains. Gallery woodlands grew along the stream margins. and lakes occupied some areas. The rich Brule assortment of fossils that are found in the Chadron, Brule, and Arikaree Oligocene 38 Formations indicate the kinds of animals that inhabited the savanna. Life South Heart Chadron Chalky Buttes during the Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene was much different than in the Camels Butte Eocene Golden Paleocene. A diverse group of mammals resided on the savanna, many of Valley 55 Bear Den which were members of families that still exist today including ancestral dogs, cats, camels, deer, squirrels, beavers, horses, rabbits, rhinoceroses, Sentinel Butte and mice. Large tortoises, some as large as the modern Galapagos turtles, TERTIARY lived near the rivers. Several species of fish, amphibians, turtles, lizards, and birds lived in and near the lakes and rivers. Bullion Paleocene Creek Slope Cannonball Ludlow 65 Hell Creek Fox Hills ACEOUS Pierre CRET 84 Niobrara Carlile Carbonate Calcareous Shale Claystone/Shale Outcrop of the Brule Formation (Oligocene), Little Badlands, near Dickinson, Siltstone Sandstone Sand & Gravel Stark County. The Brule Formation consists of mudstones, siltstones, and Mudstone Lignite Glacial Drift sandstones. Butte is 65 m high. View is to the north. ND State Fossil Collection Prehistoric Life of ND Map North Dakota Geological Survey Home Page.

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South Dakota to Nebraska
Geological Society of America Special Paper 325 1998 Lithostratigraphic revision and correlation of the lower part of the White River Group: South Dakota to Nebraska Dennis O. Terry, Jr. Department of Geology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0340 ABSTRACT Lithologic correlations between type areas of the White River Group in Nebraska and South Dakota have resulted in a revised lithostratigraphy for the lower part of the White River Group. The following pedostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units, from oldest to youngest, are newly recognized in northwestern Nebraska and can be correlated with units in the Big Badlands of South Dakota: the Yellow Mounds Pale- osol Equivalent, Interior and Weta Paleosol Equivalents, Chamberlain Pass Forma- tion, and Peanut Peak Member of the Chadron Formation. The term “Interior Paleosol Complex,” used for the brightly colored zone at the base of the White River Group in northwestern Nebraska, is abandoned in favor of a two-part division. The lower part is related to the Yellow Mounds Paleosol Series of South Dakota and rep- resents the pedogenically modified Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The upper part is com- posed of the unconformably overlying, pedogenically modified overbank mudstone facies of the Chamberlain Pass Formation (which contains the Interior and Weta Paleosol Series in South Dakota). Greenish-white channel sandstones at the base of the Chadron Formation in Nebraska (previously correlated to the Ahearn Member of the Chadron Formation in South Dakota) herein are correlated to the channel sand- stone facies of the Chamberlain Pass Formation in South Dakota. The Chamberlain Pass Formation is unconformably overlain by the Chadron Formation in South Dakota and Nebraska.
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