HE IMMORTALS of the Ancient Greek pantheon can be and Baubo; and founding kings like Erikhthonios, Kadmos divided into roughly eight classes. and Pelops.

THE FIRST of these were the PROTOGENOI or First There were many divinities in the Greek pantheon who fell Born gods. These were the primeval beings who emerged at into more than one of these categories. Tykhe (Lady creation to form the very fabric of universe: Earth, Sea, Fortune), for example, can easily be classified under Sky, Night, Day, etc. Although they were divinites they category Two as an Okeanis Nymphe, Three as fortune were purely elemental in form: Gaia was the literal Earth, personified, and Four as a popularly worshipped goddess. Pontos the Sea, and Ouranos the Dome of Heaven. However they were sometimes represented assuming I) THE TWELVE OLYMPIAN GODS anthroporphic shape, albeit ones that were indivisible from their native element. Gaia the earth, for example, might manifest herself as a matronly woman half-risen from the The Greek Pantheon was ruled by a council of twelve great ground ; and Thalassa the sea might lift her head above the gods known as the Olympians, namely Zeus, Hera, waves in the shape of a sea-formed woman. Poseidon, Demeter, Athene, Hephaistos, Ares, Aphrodite, Apollon, Artemis, Hermes, Dionysos, and sometimes Hestia. THE SECOND were the nature DAIMONES (Spirits) These twelve gods demanded worship from all their and NYMPHAI who nurtured life in the four elements. subjects. Those who failed to honour any one of the Twelve E.g. fresh-water Naiades, forest Dryades, beast-loving with due sacrifice and libation were duly punished. Satyroi, marine Tritones, etc. Directly and through a host of divine minions the Twelve gods governed all aspects of human life. THE THIRD were the body- and mind- affecting DAIMONES (Spirits). E.g. Sleep (Hypnos), Love ZEUS (Eros), Joy (Euphrosyne), Hate (Eris), Fear (Phobos), Death (Thanatos), Old Age (Geras), etc. Modern Spellings: Zeus (En, Fr, Es, It) Roman Name: Jupiter, Jove THE FOURTH class consisted of the THEOI (Gods) who God of: King of Heaven, Sky, Weather, Fate, Kingship controlled the forces of nature and bestowed civilised arts Parents: Titan Kronos & Titanis Rhea upon mankind. Spouse: Hera Offspring: Athene, Apollon, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, THEOI OURANIOI (Sky Gods). E.g. Helios (Sun), Hermes, Dionysos, Herakles, others see pg 2 (below) Anemoi (Winds), etc. Animals: Golden eagle, Wolf THEOI HALIOI (Sea Gods). E.g. The Nereides, Triton, Plants: Oak, Celery Glaukos, etc. Iconography: Lightning bolt, Lotus staff, Eagle, Oak THEOI KHTHONIOI (Underworld Gods). E.g. wreath Persephone, Hekate, etc. THEOI GEORGIKOI (Agricultural Earth Gods). E.g. Ploutos, etc. THEOI NOMIOI (Pastoral Earth Gods). E.g. Pan, POSEIDON Aristaios, etc. THEOI POLIKOI (City Gods). E.g. Hestia, Eunomia, Modern Spell.: Poseidon (En), Poséidon (Fr), Poseidón etc. (Es), Poseidone (It) THEOI OLYMPIOI (Olympian Gods). E.g. The Mousai, Roman Name: Neptunus (Neptune) Hebe, etc. God of: King of the Seas, Rivers, Earthquakes, Horses THEOI TITANES (Titan Gods). E.g. Themis, Kronos, Parents: Titan Kronos & Titanis Rhea Prometheus, etc. Spouse: Amphitrite APOTHEOTHENAI (Deified Mortals). E.g. Herakles, Offspring: Triton, others see pg 2 (below) Asklepios, etc. Animals: Horse, Bull, Dolphin Plants: Seaweed, Pine Tree THE FIFTH were the 12 OLYMPIAN GODS who Iconography: Trident, Fish governed the universe and commanded the legions of lesser HERA gods and spirits. They were, namely, Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Artemis, Apollon, Ares, Athene, Aphrodite, Modern Spellings: Hera (En, Es), Héra (Fr), Era (It) Hephaistos, Hermes, Dionysos, and Hestia. Roman Name: Juno Goddess of: Queen of Heaven, the Sky, Women, Marriage, THE SIXTH of the immortals were the spirits of Impregnation the CONSTELLATIONS which circed the heavenly night Parents: Titan Kronos & Titanis Rhea sky. Every constellation, including the twelve signs of the Spouse: Zeus Zodiac, was possessed of one or more spirits EG Offspring: Ares, Hephaistos, Eileithyia, Hebe, others see pg Saggitarius was the centaur Kheiron, Gemini the 2 (below) Dioskouroi Twins, etc. Animals: Cuckoo, Peacock, Crane, Hawk, Cow (Heifer), Lion Plants: Chaste Tree, Pomegranate THE SEVENTH class consisted of the Iconography: Lotus staff, Crown, Lion fabulous MONSTERS, BEASTS, GIANTSof myth. They DEMETER were semi-divine creatures, closely related to the gods.E.g.GIGANTES (Giants), DRAKONES (Dragons), Kentauroi (Centaurs), Kerberos (Cerberus), Sphinx, Sirens, Modern Spellings: Demeter (En), Déméter (Fr), Deméter etc. (Es), Demetra (It) Roman Name: Ceres Goddess of: Agriculture, Grain & Bread, The Afterlife THE EIGHTH were the HEROI HEMITHEOI (Semi- Parents: Titan Kronos & Titanis Rhea Divine Heroes) who were worshipped after death as minor Spouse: None divinities. They included great heroes like Akhilleus, Offspring: Persephone, Ploutos, others see pg 8 (below) Theseus and Perseus; heroines such as Alkmene, Helene Animals: Serpent, Swine, Gecko Plants: Wheat, Barley, Poppy, Mint Modern Spellings: Hermes (En, Es), Hermès (Fr), Ermes Iconography: Grain Sheaf, Lotus Staff, Torch, Cornucopia (It) Roman Name: Mercurius (Mercury) God of: Animal Husbandry, Travel, Trade, Athletics, APOLLON Language, Thievery, Good Luck, Guide of the Dead, Herald of the Gods Parents: God Zeus & Nymphe Maia Modern Spellings: Apollo (En, It), Apollon (Fr), Apolo Spouse: None (Es) Children: Pan, others see pg 9 (below) Roman Name: Apollo Animals: Tortoise, Sheep, Cattle, Hawk God of: Music, Prophecy, Education, Healing & Disease Plants: Crocus, Strawberry Tree Parents: God Zeus and Titanis Leto Iconography: Kerykeion (Herald's Rod), Traveller's Cap, Spouse: None Winged Boots Offspring: Asklepios, others see pg 2 (below) Animals: Swan, Raven, Mouse, Wolf Plants: Laurel, Larkspur Iconography: Lyre, Laurel wreath or branch, Bow & HEPHAISTOS arrows, Delphic tripod ARTEMIS Modern Spell.: Hephaestus (En), Héphaïstos (Fr), Hefesto (Es), Efesto (It) Modern Spellings: Artemis (En), Artémis (Fr), Artemisa Roman Name: Vulcanus (Vulcan) (Es), Artemide (It) God of: Metalworking, Fire, Building, Scupture, Roman Name: Diana Volcanism Goddess of: Hunting, Wild Animals, Children, Choirs, Parents: Goddess Hera (no father) Disease Spouse: Aphrodite or Kharis Parents: God Zeus & Titanis Leto Offspring: See pg 6 (below) Spouse: None (Virgin Goddess) Animals: Donkey, Crane Children: None (Virgin Goddess) Plants: Fennel Animals: Deer, Bear, Wild boar, Guinea fowl, Quail Iconography: Hammer, Tongs, Anvil, Donkey, Crane-head Plants: Cypress, Walnut, Amaranth-flower DIONYSOS Iconography: Bow & arrows, Hunting spears, Lyre, Deer Modern Spellings: Dionysus (En, Fr), Dioniso (Es), Dionysio (It) ATHENE Roman Name: Liber, Bacchus God of: Wine, Drunkenness, Madness, Parties, Vegetation, The Afterlife Modern Spellings: Athena (En), Athéna (Fr), Atenea (Es), Parents: God Zeus & Princess Semele Atena (It) Spouse: Ariadne Roman Name: Minerva Offspring: See pg 10 (below) Goddess of: Warcraft, Heroism, Counsel, Pottery, Animals: Leopard, Lynx, Tiger, Serpent, Bull, Goat, Weaving, Olives & Oil Donkey Parents: God Zeus & Titanis Metis Plants: Grape-vine, Ivy, Bindweed, Silver Fir Spouse: None (Virgin Goddess) Iconography: Thyrsos (pine-cone tipped staff), Grapes, Ivy Offspring: None (Virgin Goddess) wreath, Leopard Animals: Little Owl, Crow HESTIA Plants: Olive Tree Iconography: Greek helmet, Aigis (Goat-skin breastplate), Spear Modern Spellings: Hestia (En, Fr, Es), Estia (It) ARES Roman Name: Vesta Goddess of: Home, Hearth, Family, Meals, Sacrificial offerings Modern Spellings: Ares (En, Es, It), Arès (Fr) Parents: Titan Kronos & Titanis Rhea Roman Name: Mars Spouse: None (Virgin Goddess) God of: War, Battle, Manliness Offspring: None (Virgin Goddess) Parents: God Zeus & Goddess Hera Animals: Swine Spouse: Perhaps Aphrodite Plants: Chaste Tree Offspring: Deimos, Phobos, others see pg 8 (below) Iconography: Chaste tree branch, Head veil, Kettle Animals: Serpent, Vulture, Woodpecker, Eagle-owl Plants: Perhaps Manna Ash Iconography: Helmet, Spear

APHRODITE (II) KING & QUEEN OF THE DEAD Modern Spellings: Aphrodite (En, Fr), Afrodita (Es), Afrodite (It) Roman Name: Venus The thirteenth of the great gods was Haides, King of the Goddess of: Love, Beauty, Pleasure, Procreation Dead. Unlike the other 12, he was never titled Olympian, Parents: God Zeus & Titanis Dione; or Born of the Sea- nor did he partake in the feasts of Heaven. Instead this lord Foam remained ever enthroned within the gloom of the Spouse: Hephaistos, perhaps later Ares underworld. Offspring: Eros, others see pg 10 (below) Animals: Turtle dove, Sparrow, Goose, Hare HAIDES Plants: Apple Tree, Rose, Myrtle, Myrrh Tree, Anemone, Lettuce Modern Spellings: Hades (En, Es), Hadès (Fr), Ade (It) Iconography: Eros (winged godling), Apple, Dove Roman Name: Pluto, Dis God of: King of the Underworld, the Dead, Death HERMES Parents: Titan Kronos & Titanis Rhea Plants: - Spouse: Persephone Iconography: Half risen from earth Offspring: See pg 1 (below) RHEA Animals: Screech owl Plants: Asphodel, Mint, White Poplar Modern Spellings: Rhea (En, Fr), Rea (Es, It) Iconography: Cornucopia, Bird-tipped staff Roman Name: Ops PERSEPHONE Goddess of: Mother of the Gods, Motherhood, Mountains Parents: Protogenos Ouranos & Protogenos Gaia Modern Spellings: Persephone (En), Perséphone (Fr), Spouse: Kronos Perséfone (Es), Offspring: Zeus, Poseidon, Haides, Hera, Demeter, Hestia Persefone (It) Animals: Lion Roman Name: Proserpina Plants: Silver Fir Goddess of: Queen of the Underworld, the Afterlife, Spring Iconography: Turret crown, Lions Growth, Grain THEMIS Parents: God Zeus & Goddess Demeter Spouse: Haides Modern Spellings: Themis (En), Thémis (Fr), Temis (Es), Offspring: See pg 1 (below) Temi (It) Animals: Screech owl Roman Name: Themis Plants: Wheat, Narcissus, Black Poplar, Mint, Asphodel Goddess of: Custom, Order, Prophecy Iconography: Eleusinian torch or torches, Wheat sheafs Parents: Protogenos Ouranos & Protogenos Gaia (III) OTHER IMPORTANT GODS Spouse: Zeus Offspring: Horai, Moirai, others see pg 1 (below) The other Gods and Spirits of the Pantheon fell within the Animals: - sphere of one or more of the twelve great Olympians. They Plants: - essentially functioned as minions and, servants of the Iconography: Delphic tripod greater gods. LETO The most important of these gods appear below. Modern Spellings: Leto (En, Es, It), Lètô (Fr) HEKATE Roman Name: Latona Goddess of: Motherhood, Womanly Demure Modern Spellings: Hecate (En), Hécate (Fr, Es), Ecate (It) Parents: Titan Koios & Titanis Phoibe Roman Name: Hecate, Trivia Spouse: None (consort of Zeus) Goddess of: Witchcraft, Ghosts Offspring: Apollon, Artemis Parents: Titan Perses & Titanis Asteria Animals: Rooster, Weasel (Ichneumon) Spouse: None (perhaps a Virgin Goddess) Plants: Date Palm Offspring: See pg 1 (below) Iconography: Head veil Plants: Herbs, Asphodel Animals: Dog, Weasel, Polecat PAN Iconography: Twin torches, Triple body THE 3 ERINYES (Furies) Modern Spellings: Pan (En, Fr, Es, It) Roman Name: Faunus Modern Spellings: Erinyes, Erinnyes (En, Fr), Erinias (Es), God of: Herds & Flocks, Mountain Wilderness Erinni (It) Parents: God Hermes & Nymphe Penelopeia Roman Name: Furiae Spouse: Aix Goddesses of: Punishment, Retribution Offspring: See pg 1 (below) Parents: Protogenos Ouranos & Protogenos Gaia Animals: Goat, Sheep Names: Alekto, Megaira, Tisiphone Plants: Pine Tree, Reeds Animals: Poisonous serpent, Screech owl Iconography: Pan-pipes, Goat legs, Horns Plants: Elm, Yew Iconography: Serpentine hair, Poison serpents, Wings, EILEITHYIA Whip HELIOS Modern Spellings: Ilithyia (En), Ilithye (Fr), Ilitía (Es), Ilizia (It) Modern Spellings: Helius (En), Hélios (Fr), Helios (Es), Roman Name: Lucina Elo (It) Goddess of: Childbirth, Pregnancy & Labour Roman Name: Sol Parents: God Zeus & Goddess Hera God of: the Sun Spouse: None Parents: Titan Helios & Titanis Thea Offspring: See pg 1 (below) Spouse: Rhode Animals: Weasel (Ichneumon) Offspring: Phaethon, others see pg 3 (below) Plants: - Animals: Rooster, White Horse Iconography: Raised hands Plants: Heliotrope, Frankincense EROS Iconography: Aureole (sun crown) GAIA Modern Spellings: Eros (En, Fr, Es, It) Roman Name: Cupidus (Cupid), Amor Modern Spellings: Gaea (En), Gaia (Fr, Es), Gea (It) God of: Love, Sexual Desire Roman Name: Terra, Tellus Parents: Goddess Aphrodite & (father variously named) Goddess of: the Earth Spouse: Psykhe Parents: None (Emerged at Creation) Offspring: See pg 1 (below) Spouse: Ouranos Animals: Hare Offspring: Ouranos (Sky), Pontos (Sea), the Titanes, the Plants: Apple, Rose, Myrtle Erinyes, the Kyklopes, the Hekatonkheires, the Gigantes, Iconography: Wings, Bow & arrows, Torch, Myrtle wreath others see pg 1 (below) Animals: - AMPHITRITE Modern Spellings: Amphitrite (En, Fr), Anfitrite (Es, It) Iconography: Spinning spool, Thread, Shears Roman Name: Salacia Goddess of: Queen of the Sea, Sea Life (fish, shellfish, sea- HERAKLES THEOS mammals) Parents: Sea-God Nereus & Nymphe Doris Modern Spellings: Heracles (En, Es), Héraclès (Fr), Eracle Spouse: Poseidon (It) Offspring: Triton, others see pg 1 (below) Roman Name: Hercules Animals: Dolphin, Fish, Seal God of: Defender against Evil Plants: Seaweed Parents: God Zeus & Princess Alkmene Iconography: Dolphin, Fish, Pinched fingers Spouse: Hebe Offspring: Numerous mortal offspring ASKLEPIOS Animals: - Plants: White Poplar Modern Spellings: Asclepius (En), Asclépios (Fr), Asclepio Iconography: Lion skin cape, Gnarled club (Es, It) Roman Name: Aesculapius God of: Medicine, Healing Zeus Parents: God Apollon & Princess Koronis Spouse: Epione Offspring: See pg 1 (below) King of the gods and ruler of Mount Olympus; god of Animals: Serpent the sky and thunder. Youngest child of the Titans Plants: Herbs (healing) Cronus and Rhea. Symbols include the thunderbolt, Iconography: Serpent-entwined staff eagle, oak tree, scepter and scales. Brother and

THE 9 MOUSAI (Muses) husband of Hera, although he had many lovers. First Generation. Roman Name:Jupiter Modern Spellings: Muses (En, Fr), Musas (Es), Muse (It) Roman Name: Musae Hera Goddesses of: Music, Song, Dancing, the Arts Parents: God Zeus & Titanis Mnemosyne Queen of the gods and the goddess of marriage and Names: Kleio, Euterpe, Thaleia, Melpomene, Terpsikhore, family. Symbols include the peacock, pomegranate, Erato, Polyhymnia, Ourania, Kalliope Animals: Dove crown, cuckoo, lion and cow. Youngest daughter of Plants: - Cronus and Rhea. Wife and sister of Zeus. Being the Iconography: Lyre (cithara & barbiton), Laurel wreath, goddess of marriage, she frequently tried to get Scroll-chest, Scroll revenge on Zeus' lovers and their children. First THE 3 KHARITES (Graces) Generation. Roman Name:Juno

Modern Spellings: Charites (En, Fr), Cárites (Es), Carite Poseidon (It) Roman Name: Gratiae Lord of the seas, earthquakes and horses. Symbols Goddesses of: Joy, Mirth, Beauty, Adornment, Festivities, include the horse, bull, dolphin and trident. Middle Dancing Parents: God Zeus & Titanis Eurynome son of Cronus and Rhea. Brother of Zeus and Hades. Names: Aglaia, Euphrosyne, Thaleia Married to the Nereid Amphitrite, although, like his Animals: - brother Zeus, he had many lovers. First Generation. Plants: - Roman Name:Neptune Iconography: Dancing circle THE 3 HORAI (Seasons) Dionysus Modern Spellings: Horae (En), Heures (Fr), Horas (Es), God of wine, celebrations and ecstasy. Patron god of Ore (It) Roman Name: Horae the art of theatre. Symbols include the grapevine, ivy, Goddesses of: the Seasons, Law, Good Order, Peace cup, tiger, panther, leopard, dolphin and goat. Son of Parents: God Zeus & Titanis Themis Zeus and the mortal Theban princess Semele. Names: Eirene, Dike, Eunomia Animals: - Married to the Cretan princessAriadne. The youngest Plants: Fruit trees Olympian, as well as the only one to have been born Iconography: Branches of fruit & blossoms, Basket of fruit, of a mortal woman. Second Generation. Roman Cornucopia Name: Bacchus

THE 3 MOIRAI (Fates) Apollo

Modern Spellings: Moirae (En), Moires (Fr), Moras (Es), God of light, music, poetry, prophecy and Moire (It) archery. Symbols include the sun, lyre, bow and Roman Name: Parcae arrow, raven, dolphin, wolf, swan and mouse. Goddesses of: Fate, Destiny Parents: God Zeus & Titanis Themis Twin brother of Artemis. Youngest child of Names: Klotho, Lakhesis, Atropos Zeus and Leto. Second Generation. Roman Name: Offspring: None (Virgin goddesses) Animals: - Apollo Plants: - Hermes Lemnos. Married to Aphrodite, though unlike Messenger of the Gods; god of commerce and most divine husbands, he was rarely ever thieves. Symbols include the caduceus (staff licentious. His Latin name, Vulcan, gave us the entwined with two snakes), winged sandals and word "volcano."Second Generation. Roman cap, stork and tortoise (whose shell he used to Name: Vulcan invent the lyre). Son of Zeus and the nymph Maia. The second-youngest Olympian, just older Demeter than Dionysus. He married Dryope, the daughter Goddess of fertility, agriculture, nature, and the of Dryops, and their son Pan became the god of seasons. Symbols include the poppy, wheat, nature, lord of the satyrs, inventor of the panpipes and comrade of Dionysus. Second torch, and pig. Middle daughter of Cronus and Generation. Roman Name: Mercury Rhea. Her Latin name, Ceres, gave us the word cereal." First Generation. Roman Name: Athena Ceres

Virgin goddess of wisdom, handicrafts, defence and strategic warfare. Symbols include the owl and the olive tree. Daughter of Zeus and the Oceanid Metis, she rose from her father's head fully grown and in full battle armor after he swallowed her mother. Second Generation. Roman Name: Minerva

Ares

God of war, violence and bloodshed. Symbols include the boar, serpent, dog, vulture, spear and shield. Son of Zeus and Hera, all the other gods (excluding Aphrodite) despised him. His Latin name, Mars, gave us the word "martial." Second Generation. Roman Name: Mars

Aphrodite

Goddess of love, beauty, and desire. Symbols include the dove, bird, apple, bee, swan, myrtle and rose. Daughter of Zeus and the Oceanid Dione, or perhaps born from the sea foam after Uranus' blood dripped onto the earth and into the sea after being defeated by his youngest son Cronus. Married to Hephaestus, although she had many adulterous affairs, most notably with his brother Ares. Her name gave us the word "aphrodisiac." Either Second or from the Titan generation. Roman Name: Venus

Hephaestus

Master blacksmith and craftsman of the gods; god of fire and the forge. Symbols include the fire, anvil, ax, donkey, hammer, tongs and quail. Son of Hera, either by Zeus or alone. After he was born, his parents threw him off Mount Olympus, and he landed on the island of