Our History 1914-2009
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Our history 1910s and 1920s 1914-1918 1919 1920 1920s 1929 The First World Dr. Crichton-Miller After struggling to find a landlord willing to let The Tavi establishes itself as The Tavistock Square Clinic is formally incorpo- War. Influenced organises a meeting to it, the Tavistock Square Clinic for Functional a psychotherapy centre for rated. Crichton-Miller had originally concieved by the new of supporters and Nervous Disorders opens in a house at 51 traumatised and neurotic of the Tavistock as a model that would quickly psychology donors. They create Tavistock Square in central London (it was children and adults. It forges be copied elsewhere, and had thus thought of emanating from the Tavistock Insti- originally to be just the ‘Tavistock Clinic’, but the strong links with other pro- the Tavistock Square Clinic itself as a Vienna & Zurich, tute of Medical Psy- General Post Office had complained that this fessional organisations, and temporary measure. By the late 1920s, Dr Hugh Crichton- chology and pledge was confusing). It soon became known to most begins to receive referrals however, it was clear that this was not Miller, a neurolo- £300 a year for as ‘the Tavi’. The building is furnished with from distinguished and often happening, so the clinic was incorporated on 5 gist, develops three years to donated items from the (mostly voluntary staff more orthodox institutions. August 1929. After this the running of the pioneering establish a clinic on members and their friends and family. A waiting list quickly devel- clinic was formalised, with paid administration psychotherapeutic a trial basis and ops, & the validity of psycho- staff hired and modest, means-tested fees methods of make Crichton- Part of Crichton-Miller’s vision was to therapy as a form of introduced for patients. treating shell- Miller’s vision a de-medicalise patient’s experience, so there were treatment is increasingly shocked and reality. no beds, no medical equipment and no white being recognised. A second building is acquired and used as a neurotic soldiers. coats. This was highly unusual at the time, and it hostel for patients who lived too far away to He becomes Assuming that remains a feature of the trust today that it does Training is a key part of the attend regularly. It houses 14 patients at any convinced of the psychotherapeutic not feel like a medical institution, and one Tavistock’s work from early one time & functions as an early example of a need to establish clinics would soon cannot easily tell staff from patients. on, though it is initially ‘therapeutic community’. a clinic providing open in larger informal. 389 lectures are similar services to hospitals, the clinic The first patient, a child, is seen on 27 given in the first 7 years. An extension appeal is launched to acquire civilians of limited is to open on a trial September 1920, prompting Crichton-Miller to larger premises and to endow the Tavistock means. basis. Crichton- say that his ‘dream has come true’. It is one of Institute of Medical Psychology. Miller is appointed the first outpatient psychotherapy clinics in honorary Medical Britain, and predates the establishment of child The Joint Committee of the National Council Director. guidance clinics by some years. for Mental Hygiene and the Tavistock Square Clinic is established, and organises the first mental health conference in Britain in the same year. 1930s 1930s 1930 1931 1933 1935 1936 1937 1939 Training becomes more The 1930 Men- The Psychopathic Clinic (later the Hugh Crichton- Carl Jung The first The The Second World War organised. In the early tal Treatment Portman Clinic) is founded as the Miller resigns as gives a week- research Tavistock’s breaks out. Arrangements 1930s the Tavi sets up a Act was clinical arm of the Institute for Medical Director long series of fellow- residential had already been made to pioneering course for so- passed, signify- the Study and Treatment of and is replaced by lectures at the ship at hostel closes evacute, and on the first day cial workers in mental ing a new era Delinquency. The Institute had the Deputy Tavistock. the Tavi – the clinic of the war the staff move health, helping to estab- of British psy- been founded by a group of psy- Director, John is en- now has so most of the clinical records & lish psychiatric social work chiatry. It choanalysts, including Edward Rawlings Rees. A follow-up dowed many some furniture to the halls of as a profession in the UK. addressed and Glover and Kate Friedlander. study to by the patients it is residence of Westfield Two clinical tutors are vindicated They are inspired by the work of The Children’s assess results Rocker- impossible to Women’s College in appointed and begin many of Crich- Grace Pailthorpe, who applied Department is of treatment feller put up all Hampstead. The clinic never holding weekly post- ton-Miller’s psychoanalytic ideas to her work renamed the is launched. Founda- those from closes during the war. A core graduate seminars. The ideas, for in women’s prisons after WWI. The Tavi is tion. outside of staff not fighting move in, Children & Par- course in clinical psychol- example the Its early Vice-Presidents included one of the London. sleeping in the student rooms ogy for child guidance economic Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, H. G. ents Department first institu- The Tavi at night and seeing patients staff becomes an official benefits of a Wells and other distinguished in recognition of tions to carry reverts The Psycho- in them during the day. Most course of the University of population in figures. The aims of the clinic the clinic’s policy out such to its pathic Clinic of the furniture and commit- London, bringing the good mental from the start were thorough of treating research. original and the Insti- tee records are put into long-standing goal of be- health, & the assessment, diagnosis and re- storage and later lost in parents as well as name, tute for the coming a recognised post- importance of search. While the majority of the A formal bombing. With no funds to children, and its the Study and graduate training institu- preventative Portman’s theory and treatment supervision pay staff, most of them carry aim to Tavistock Treatment of tion one step closer. LSE psychiatry is psychoanalytic, it is multidisci- process is on unpaid. Clinical staff pool students also begin at- (promoted by plinary from the start, working “understand the Clinic. Delinquency the money they earn from established – tending the Tavistock for the growing with social workers and child as the father (as it is now private practice to help staff all clinical staff practical work in the so- ‘mental hy- psychologists. of the man and called) secure returning from the war & now have a cial casework department. giene’ move- the parents as their own contribute to the clinic’s over- ment, which The Tavistock’s Extension Fund supervision heads. conditioning the premises at 8 Patient numbers increase was pioneered acquires new premises in Malet session with a new generation of Portman fast – by 1931 there is a by Clifford Street, Bloomsbury. These colleague Centres for the treatment of children”, at that Street. The long waiting list, which Beers in the US provide more space and facilities after 50 war neuroses are set up, has to be closed and the and with which such as a lecture theatre, time an unusual clinic changes including one at Stanbor- sessions with most urgent patients pri- the Tavistock canteen and playroom in the approach (Dicks). its name to oughs Hydro, where Hugh a patient. oritised in order to pre- quickly became Children’s Department. the Portman Crichton-Miller becomes serve the quality of the associated). Clinic. Medical Director. service. 1940s 1940 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 After being Through the The war ends. As head The clinic begins J. R. Rees The National Health Service comes Training expands. The Royal close to work in the of army psychiatry training and resigns, and into being. The Tavistock Institute of Medico-Psychological Associa- bankruptcy army, clinic during the war, J. R. supplying family J. D. Sutherland Human Relations (TIHR) legally tion (now Royal College of and unable staff begin Rees and the group therapists to work becomes the separates from the Tavistock Clinic, Psychiatrists) recognises the to pay staff, to build around him (including in other types of new Medical while remaining part of the same Tavistock as an official the financial stronger Wilfred Bion) had done institutions, such Director and umbrella organisation. This means it training centre for the situation links with pioneering work on as nurseries or head of the is able to earn fees to support Diploma in Psychological improves the field of preventative psychiatry obstetrics units. Adult training and research in the whole Medicine. The Home Office with an psychoanaly- based around morale, Department. organisation, as well as the approaches the Tavistock to unexpected sis. A officer-troop relations John Bowlby John Bowlby Institute’s group relations work. The provide training for probation legacy of meeting is and selection becomes head of becomes Tavistock Clinic becomes part of the workers, trainee clinical £14,000. held with procedures. After the the Children & Deputy Medical new health service, providing clinical psychologist posts are John Bowlby war this develops into Parents Director. services under the administration of established, and courses for The and John the Tavistock’s new Department. the North West Metropolitan GPs resume. A joint Tavistock Tavistock’s Rickman to focus on group A quarterly Regional Hospital Board. Clinic – TIHR training panel is training discuss relations & social Group therapy journal, Human established.